Year 11 Biology
Overview of the course work:
This year is about you becoming aware of what types of assessment you will be completing in year 12.
Term 1 - Foundations of Biology (Cell biology and Cellular processes in detail) (WT)
Term 2 - Extended Experimental Investigation (EEI) designed and conducted in small groups, report construction is individual. Investigation of factors affecting a cellular process. Introduction to body systems (ERT part A)
Term 3 - Continuation of body systems (ERT part B) and homeostasis theory and process (WT)
Term 4 - Ecology principals & techniques (ERT)
This year is about you becoming aware of what types of assessment you will be completing in year 12.
Term 1 - Foundations of Biology (Cell biology and Cellular processes in detail) (WT)
Term 2 - Extended Experimental Investigation (EEI) designed and conducted in small groups, report construction is individual. Investigation of factors affecting a cellular process. Introduction to body systems (ERT part A)
Term 3 - Continuation of body systems (ERT part B) and homeostasis theory and process (WT)
Term 4 - Ecology principals & techniques (ERT)
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Term 3
Body systems & Homeostasis
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Don't forget structure and function and the important link between them to understand these systems and how they reach their end goal of providing their specific purpose.
Body systems & Homeostasis
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Don't forget structure and function and the important link between them to understand these systems and how they reach their end goal of providing their specific purpose.
Watch this you tube video by Hank at Crash course to get your head around the digestive system.
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Glucose control homeostatic mechanisms
Glucose is needed for respiration so if the level falls below this, the normal body activities may not be able to continue. If the level rises too much the normal behavior of cells is affected and serious problems can arise.
Glucose is needed for respiration so if the level falls below this, the normal body activities may not be able to continue. If the level rises too much the normal behavior of cells is affected and serious problems can arise.
Watch this video but only focus on the two hormones INSULIN and GLUCAGON don't worry about other hormones mentioned in this video. Note that the PANCREASE has two roles as an EXOCRINE organ secreting digestive juices and assisting in the release of bile into the DUODENUM, and also as an ENDOCRINE organ releasing INSULIN and GLUCAGON into the blood stream
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Watch this video to learn more about the role of INSULIN in the body, this video has awesome animation graphics. Although it only uses muscle cells as an example of the effect of INSULIN the same principals apply for the liver cells. Basics you need to know is that INSULIN has an effect on MUSCLE CELLS, LIVER CELLS and FAT CELLS stimulating them to take up excess GLUCOSE in the blood stream and put it into storage, mainly in the form of GLYCOGEN.
For this video watch from 0:30 to 2:45 as it describes the main roles of GLUCAGON in the body in converting FATS in ADIPOSE TISSUE and GLYCOGEN in the LIVER into GLUCOSE for release back into the blood stream. Therefore GLUCAGON has the opposite effect of INSULIN. |
This last video has fantastic animations and provides an overview of the role of INSULIN in the body and explains TYPE 1 DIABETES.
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This is a nice simple diagram to show the effect of INSULIN and GLUCAGON on the body. This mechanism of homeostasis operates under negative feedback. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK is a reaction that causes a decrease in function. It occurs in response to some kind of stimulus. Often it causes the output of a system to be lessened; so, the feedback tends to stabilize the system.
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Here's Hank to explain to you the role of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM with it's structure and function and the CIRCULATORY SYSTEM with it's structure and function he even touches on the idea of ECTOTHERMS and ENDOTHERMS. Enjoy
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View this you tube clip from 3:15 until 6:40 where a nice explanation of the OXYGEN DISSOCIATION CURVE is given, when the author talks about DPG please ignore this information we will not be going into that much detail at this stage of your learning. Then watch from 7:30 until 8:40 to learn about conditions where the curve shifts to the right.
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This diagram shows the effect of ADH.
The release of ADH from the PITUITARY GLAND means the collecting tubule of the NEPHRON will increase it's PERMEABILITY to water therefore producing concentrated urine and conserving water in the body. |
EXCRETORY SYSTEM is how we expel waste products from our body to ensure they don't build up to toxic levels. This is an overview by Hank, concentrate towards the end of the video with the mention of ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE (ADH) you need to understand the function of this hormone so there is a link below to assist with that.
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OSMOREGULATION is not just in reference to the structure and function of the human kidney as interesting as it is as we don't live in an aqueous environment so we must be good at conserving water, however if you are an organism that lives in water you need to be mindful of the regulation of water in your living system. Fish come to mind in this scenario as cellular OSMOLARITY in a fish will be affected by the OSMOLARITY of the surrounding environment. Fish who live in a salt water HYPERTONIC environment will have constant movement of water from cells into the surrounding environment via OSMOSIS. They counter this by drinking water from their environment and actively secreting ions and producing concentrated urine. Fish who live in a fresh water HYPOTONIC environment will have constant movement of water from the surrounding environment into the cells via OSMOSIS. They counter this by not drinking any water from their environment and actively taking up ions from the surrounding environment and producing dilute urine.
THERMOREGULATION is the control of temperature. There are ENDOTHERMIC organisms who produce their own heat within their body and ECTOHERMIC organisms who utilise the external environment to gain or lose heat from their body. There are HOMEOTHERMIC organisms who operate within a small temperature range and POKILOTHERMIC oganisms who operate within a large temperature range.
Therefore organisms can be Homeothermic Endotherms or Homeothermic Ectotherms or Poikilothermic Endotherms or Pokilothermic Ectotherms. The type of THERMOREGULATION an organism utilises mainly depends on the SURFACE AREA TO VOLUME RATIO of the organism and the ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS in which the organism exists.
Bozeman Science explains the methods of heat transfer the difference between an ECTOTHERM and an ENDOTHERM the advantages and disadvantages and gives you a first insight into negative feedback.
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Great step by step detail of how heat is transferred and also why we attempt to maintain a similar temperature, and how we go about this.
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A clear 5 minute video on processes involved in thermoregulation.
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The last topic to cover is the IMMUNE SYSTEM and the body's response to DISEASE. DISEASE is the term given to a state of abnormal function of cells or poor health of cells.
Hank takes you through a unique look at the immune system in his own quirky way and explains the first, second and third lines. Try not to get too caught up on the large amount of white blood cells the most important to understand them and their roles is Phagocytes, T-Helper, cytotoxic T cells, Natural Killer cells, B-cells, plasma cells and Memory B cells. You need to understand the difference between Passive and Active Immunity and Naturally acquired and Artificially acquired immunity.
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This 3 minute video is quite complex and it's recommended you understand the basics of the 3rd line of defence before you watch it.
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