Neotrichobia arizonensis Tuttle & Baker, 1968

Neotrichobia arizonensis Tuttle & Baker, 1968 View in CoL

( Figures 1–22 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 , Table 1 View TABLE 1 )

Specimens examined

Type specimens examined: paratypes, one male and one deutonymph, ex. Aristida adscensionis L. ( Poaceae ), Tucson Arizona , US, June 24, 1964, coll. D.M. Tuttle.

Non-type specimens examined: Two females and two males, ex. Boerhaavia sp. (Nyctaginaceae) , Torreon, Mexico, August 4, 1974, coll. D.M. Tuttle, E.W. Baker, and M. Abbatiello. Two females, one deutonymph, one molting deutonymph and one molting protonymph, ex. Allionia incarnata L. ( Nyctaginaceae ), Tucson, Arizona, US, October 21, 1982, coll. D.M. Tuttle. One female, ex. A. incarnata L., Hermosillo, Mexico, July 18, 1970, coll. D.M. Tuttle, E.W. Baker, and M. Abbatiello. Two females, two males, one deutonymph, one molting deutonymph, ex. A. incarnata L., ten miles south of Chihuahua, Mexico, August 7, 1976, coll. D.M. Tuttle. Two males, two deutonymph, five molting deutonymph, three protonymph, one molting protonymph, ex. A. incarnata L., Cordes Jct. Arizona, US, August 20, 1984, coll. D.M. Tuttle. Six males, A. incarnata L., Quartzsite, Arizona, US, October 1, 1974, coll. D.M. Tuttle. One protonymph and two larvae, ex. Tidestromia lanuginosa (Amaranthaceae) , Quartzsite, Arizona, US, October 1, 1974, coll. D.M. Tuttle. Two larvae, ex. Pectis papposa (Asteraceae) , Agua Caliente, Arizona, US, September 12, 1962, coll. D.M. Tuttle. One larva, ex. Plantago insueris (Plantaginaceae) , Gila Bind, Arizona, US, February 27, 1968, coll. D.M. Tuttle. One larva, ex. Artemisia ludoviciana (Asteraceae) , Chihuahua, Mexico, August 5, 1970, coll. D.M. Tuttle, E.W. Baker, and M.Abbatiello. Three larvae, ex. Fouquieria sp. (Fouquieriaceae) Aermosillo Mexico, February 20, 1968, coll. CH. Sactzer.

Female (n = 7)

Dorsum ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ). Idiosomal length 481–564 from v 2 to h 1, width from c 3 to c 3 396–448; prodorsum with 3 pairs of setae (v 2, sc 1–2), covered with barbs; striae between seta v 2 broken, somewhat transverse; median prodorsum smooth, forming a plate bearing setae sc 1; area around bases of setae sc 2 smooth forming a pair of plates; median plate following transverse striae, a narrow band of transverse striae between prodorsum and opisthosoma; dorsal setal length various among checked specimens, near-continuous change, herein consider as intraspecific variation; hysterosoma with nine pairs of setae (c 1–3, d 1–2, e 1–2, f 1–2) inserted on small tubercles dorsally and three pairs of lyriform fissures (ia, im and ip); one median plate bearing c 1–2, d 1–2, e 1–2, f 1–2 and two pairs of lysirforms ia and im, one small plate lateral to c 2 visible each side; hysterosoma dorsal setae barbed on small tubercles; setal length v 1 51– 79, sc 1 54–71, sc 2 36–62, c 1 62–79, c 2 36–59, c 3 39–40, d 1 39–79, d 2 44–59, e 1 39 –77, e 2 41 –42, f 1 52–76, f 2 50–74, h 1 44–69; distance between setal bases v 2 – v 2 26–45, sc 1 – sc 1 127–170, sc 2 – sc 2 228–296, c 1 – c 1 135–176, c 2 – c 2 305–334, c 3 – c 3 396–448, d 1 – d 1 92–125, d 2 – d 2 239–306, e 1 – e 1 94–122, e 2 – e 2 93–154, f 1 – f 1 55–75, f 2 – f 2 108–128, h 1 – h 1 36–44.

Venter ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). 28–30 plumose setae between coxae I and II, difficult to differentiate coxal setae and intercoxal setae; 16–17 setae on coxae II; about 90 setae between coxae III and coxae IV; striae between coxae I and II transverse, becoming somewhat longitudinal between coxae III and IV, and longitudinal anterior to setae ag; genital plate with longitudinal striae; with one pair of smooth aggenital setae (ag), two pairs of smooth genital setae (g 1–2), and three pairs of smooth pseudanal setae (ps 1–3); setae h 2 and h 3 plumose.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 3A–C View FIGURE 3 ). Peritreme anastomosing distally ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ); ventral infracapitular setae m plumose; one pairs of adoral setae (or 1) visible; dorsal surface of palpcoxal bases with a pair of supracoxal setae (ep) with blunt end; setae d PFe and l′ PGe strong plumose; all three palptibial setae (l′ PTi, l″ PTi and d PTi) smooth; terminal eupathidium (suζ) longer than two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length; solenidion (ω) shorter lateral eupathidia; three short, smooth, tactile setae (a, b, c).

Legs ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Segments of legs I–IV plethotrichous, unable to notate all leg setae as in Lindquist (1985); tarsus I with two sets of duplex setae and two solenidia, tibiae I with two solenidia, tarsus II with one duplex setae, tibiae II with one solenidion; tarsus III, tibiae III, tarsus IV and tibiae IV with a solenidion respectively; both tarsus III and IV without typical duplex setae; all tactile setae plumose.

Male (n = 11)

Dorsum ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ). Idiosomal length 298–374 from v 2 to h 1, width from c 3 to c 3 239–283; prodorsum with 3 pairs of setae (v 2, sc 1–2), covered with barbs; striae between setae v 2 broken, somewhat transverse; prodorsal plate bearing setae sc 1 and sc 2; with a narrow band of transverse striae between prodorsum and opisthodorsum; hysterosomal plate covering most of hysterosomal dorsum with broken sparse striae, bearing (c 1–3, d 1–2, e 1–2, f 1–2, h 1) and three pairs of lyriforms (ia, im and ip); setae h 2 and h 3 off plate; setal length v 1 35–48 sc 1 34–48, sc 2 34–44, c 1 39–54, c 2 33–44, c 3 36–50, d 1 35–47, d 2 35–45, e 1 34 –48, e 2 34 –50, f 1 37–48, f 2 35–48, h 1 33–43; distance between setal bases v 2 – v 2 29–42, sc 1 – sc 1 104–130, sc 2 – sc 2 158–198, c 1 – c 1 87–106, c 2 – c 2 155–196, c 3 – c 3 239–283, d 1 – d 1 60–81, d 2 – d 2 136–175, e 1 – e 1 65–84, e 2 – e 2 98–121, f 1 – f 1 32–46, f 2 – f 2 58–74, h 1 – h 1 18–23.

Venter ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Visible striae transverse; coxae I–IV and intercoxae I, III and IV with plumose setae; 40 setae on propodosoma venter, 13 on left coxa II, 14 on right coxa II, and 41 on post-podosoma venter in paratype; with one pair of smooth aggenital setae (ag), two pairs of smooth genital setae (g 1–2), and three pairs of smooth pseudanal setae (ps 1–3); setae h 2 and h 3 plumose.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ). Similar to female; peritreme anastomosing distally ( Figs 6B, C View FIGURE 6 ); dorsal surface of palpcoxae base with a pair of supracoxal setae (ep); setae d PFe and l′ PGe strong plumose; all three palptibial setae (l′ PTi, l″ PTi and d PTi) smooth; terminal eupathidium (suζ) longer than two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length; solenidion (ω) shorter lateral eupathidia; three short, smooth, tactile setae (a, b, c).

Legs ( Figs 8–9 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 ). Segments of legs I–IV plethotrichous, unable to notate all leg setae as Lindquist (1985); tarsus I with two sets of duplex setae and 18 solenidia in paratype, tibiae I with 20 solenidia in paratype, tarsus II with one duplex setae and two solenidia, tibiae II with one solenidion; tarsus III, tibiae III, tarsus IV and tibiae IV with a solenidion respectively; both tarsus III and IV without typical duplex setae; all tactile setae plumose; empodia I–IV with four pairs ventral hairs, of which proximal two pairs of contiguous in paratype male ( Figs 9E–H View FIGURE 9 ), while with six pairs of ventral hairs, of which two proximal pairs contiguous in males ex. Boerhaavia sp. (Nyctaginaceae) (Figs A–D).

Aedeagus ( Figs 10A–G View FIGURE 10 ). Aedeagus long and slightly curved or somewhat straight.

Deutonymph (n = 4)

Dorsum ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ). Dorsum similar to that of female; idiosomal length 378–378 from v 2 to h 1, width from c 3 to c 3 267–338; setal length: v 2 48–60, sc 1 46–65, sc 2 31–44, c 1 40–64, c 2 25–32, c 3 33–44, d 1 38–55, d 2 32–41, e 1 39 –60, e 2 33 –51, f 1 42–63, f 2 41–52, h 1 41–44; distance between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 24–30, sc 1 – sc 1 88–129, sc 2 – sc 2 139–225, c 1 – c 1 91–117, c 2 – c 2 159–239, c 3 – c 3 267–338, d 1 – d 1 64–76, d 2 – d 2 179–223, e 1 – e 1 58 –72, e 2 – e 2 93–154, f 1 – f 1 27–43, f 2 – f 2 62–64, h 1 – h 1 20–30.

Venter ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ). About 32 plumose setae on present on integument between coxae I and II, and difficult to differentiate coxal setae and intercoxal setae; 10–11 setae on coxae II; about 35 setae between coxae III and coxae IV; striae between coxae I and II transverse, following longitudinal between coxae III and IV, and longitudinal between setae ag; with one pair of smooth aggenital setae (ag), one pair of smooth genital setae (g 1), and three pairs of smooth pseudanal setae (ps 1–3); setae h 2 and h 3 plumose.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ). Similar to female; peritreme anastomosing distally ( Fig. 13C View FIGURE 13 ); dorsal surface of palpcoxae base with a pair of supracoxal setae (ep); setae d PFe and l′ PGe strong plumose; all three palptibial setae (l′ PTi, l″ PTi and d PTi) smooth; terminal eupathidium (suζ) slightly longer than two lateral eupathia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length; solenidion (ω) shorter lateral eupathia; three short, smooth, tactile setae (a, b, c).

Legs ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ). Tarsus I with two sets of duplex setae and two solenidia, tibiae I with one solenidia, tarsus II with one duplex setae; tarsus III with one solenidion, tarsus IV with a solenidion respectively; solenidion on tarsus III occasionally absent; all tactile setae plumose.

Protonymph (n = 4)

Dorsum ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ). Dorsum similar to that of female; idiosomal length 378–378 from v 2 to h 1, width from c 3 to c 3 267–338; without prodorsal plate; median striae longitudinal; edge of hysterosomal plate not clear; setal lengths: v 2 44–47, sc 1 46–56, sc 2 31–36, c 1 41–48, c 2 28–31, c 3 33–36, d 1 33–39, d 2 28–30, e 1 41 –49, e 2 37 –39, f 1 45–56, f 2 43–46, h 1 41–43; distance between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 25–30, sc 1 – sc 1 98–105, sc 2 – sc 2 169–191, c 1 – c 1 94–107, c 2 – c 2 173–190, c 3 – c 3 284–329, d 1 – d 1 59–61, d 2 – d 2 173–179, e 1 – e 1 56 –62, e 2 – e 2 104–111, f 1 – f 1 26–31, f 2 – f 2 57–68, h 1 – h 1 24–27.

Venter ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ). Ventral striae transverse between coxae I and II, longitudinal between coxae III and IV; four to five plumose setae on coxae I, six plumose setae on coxae II, three to four on coxae III, coxae nude; four pairs of intercoxae plumose setae; one pair of smooth aggenital setae (ag), three pairs of smooth pseudanal setae (ps 1–3); setae h 2 and h 3 plumose.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 ). Similar to that of deutonymph.

Legs ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 ). Tarsus I with two sets of duplex setae, tibiae I with one solenidia, tarsus II with one duplex setae; all tactile setae plumose.

Larva (n = 9)

Dorsum ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ). Prodorsum with broken, bold, longitudinal striae, three pairs of setae (v 2, sc 1, sc 2); hysterosoma with 10 pairs of barbed setae (d 1–3, e 1–2, f 1–2, h 1), transverse striae and three pairs of lyrissures (ia, im, ip); length of setae near-continuously variable as in female, herein considered as intraspecific variation; setal length: v 2 24–56, sc 1 21–55, sc 2 22–68, c 1 26–65, c 2 18–48, c 3 21–82, d 1 21–75, d 2 18–83, e 1 25 –88, e 2 22 –74, f 1 28–81, f 2 23–62, h 1 18–50; distance between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 22–44, sc 1 – sc 1 77–117, sc 2 – sc 2 125–171, c 1 – c 1 70–95, c 2 – c 2 134–172, c 3 – c 3 173–198, d 1 – d 1 32–55, d 2 – d 2 131–150, e 1 – e 1 31 –32, e 2 – e 2 38 –73, f 1 – f 1 18–24, f 2 – f 2 44–55, h 1 – h 1 22–27.

Venter ( Fig.20 View FIGURE 20 ).Striae transverse,except for longitudinal between setae 3a; two larvae, ex. Tidestromia lanuginosa (Amaranthaceae) , from Arizona, US, one larva, ex. Plantago insueris (Plantaginaceae) , from Arizona, US, one larva, ex. Artemisia ludoviciana (Asteraceae) , from Mexico, and three larvae, ex. Fouquieria sp. (Fouquieriaceae) from Aermosillo Mexico with forked intercoxal setae 1a and 3a; two larvae ex. Pectis papposa (Asteraceae) , from Arizona, US, with two types of intercoxal setae, one smooth and anther forked.

Larval setal shape is important to distinguish allied species of spider mites ( Jeppson et al. 1975). We do not have available post larval specimens from the same host plants to check if specimens with smooth intercoxal setae represent another species. The taxonomic status of these larval specimens is thus unclear and we provisionally recognize this as intraspecific variation in Neotrichobia arizonensis .

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 ). Similar to that of deutonymph.

Legs ( Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 ). Empodia I–III with five pairs ventral hairs, of which proximal two pairs of contiguous; legs I–III with normal chaetotaxy in the family Tetranychidae ; setal counts: femora, 3-3-1; genua, 4-4-4; tibiae, 5(1 ω)-5-4; tarsi, 6(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6.

Remarks

Tetranychid mites usually have one or several solenidia on tarsi I–IV and one solenidion on tibiae I. A few species have extra solenidia on other segments, such as the male of Bryobiella desertorum ( Yi & Ochoa 2018) having extra solenidia on femora I, genua I and more than one solenidion on tibiae I. Neotrichobia has extra solenidia on tibiae II–IV. The number of solenidia on each segment shows variation among mites collected from different host plants and among individual populations from the same host plant. The paratype male has 13 solenidia including duplex setal solenidia on the right and 15 on left tarsus I; 12 solenidia on right and 15 on left tibiae I; one solenidion on tarsus II and one solenidion on tibiae II; two solenidia on tarsus III and on tibiae III; two solenidia on tarsus IV and one on tibiae IV. In non-type males, tarsus I has 17 to 24 solenidia, tarsus II two to three, both tarsi III and IV one to two; tibiae I–IV have one to two solenidia. When two solenidia are present on tibiae and tarsi III–IV, one is proximal and another distal; while one present, the solenidion is randomly proximal or distal.

Ontogenetic development of leg chaetotaxy of Neotrichobia arizonensis

( Table 1 View TABLE 1 )

As the chaetotaxy shows strong neotrichy, we were unable to notate all leg setae of adults.

Larva

Trochanters I–III nude, without seta; femora I–II with three setae (d, v ′, bv ″), one dorsal and two ventral setae, respectively, and femur III with two setae (d, ev ′); genua I–III with four setae (l ′, l ″, v ′, v ″) respectively; tibiae I–III with five tactile setae (d, l ′, l ″, v ′, v ″), tibia I with solenidion (φ); tarsus I–III with six tactile setae, paired unguinals (u ′, u ″), paired primiventrals (pv ′, pv ″) and paired fastigials (ft ′, ft ″), two eupathidial prorals (p′ζ, p″ζ); one fastigial (ft″) and one solenidion (ω″) forming duplex setae on tarsus I and II.

Protonymph

A total of 24 tactile setae and three solenidia added on leg I in protonymph— v ″, v ′ 1, v ″ 1, l ′, l ″, l ″ 1 on femur; d on genua; v ′ 1, v″ 1, v ″ 2, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 l ″ 2 on tibia I; tc ′, tc ″, v ″ 1, v ′ 1, v ″ 2, v ′ 2, v ′ 3, l ′ 1, l ″ 1, l ′ 2, l ″ 2 and ω ′, ω ′ 1, ω ″ 1 on tarsus; tactile form setae pv′ changed to eupathidial form in protonymph.

A total of 17 tactile setae added on leg II in protonymph— v ″, l ′, l ″, l ″ 1 on femur; d on genua; v ′ 1, v″ 1, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tibia; tc ′, tc ″, v ″ 1, v ′ 1, v ″ 2, v ′ 2, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tarsus; tactile form setae pv′ changed to eupathidial form in protonymph.

A total of 18 tactile setae added on leg II in protonymph— v ′, v ″, l ′, l ″, v″ 1 on femur; d on genu; v ′ 1, v ″ 1, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tibia; tc ′, tc ″, v ″ 1, v ′ 1, v ″ 2, v ′ 2, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tarsus.

leg IV present with a total 17 tactile setae: femur with two (d, ev′), genu with four l ′, l ″, v ′, v ″, tibia five (d, l ′, l ″, v ′, v ″) and tarsus six (u ′, u ″, pv ′, pv ″, ft ′, ft ″).

Deutonymph

A total of 33 tactile setae and three solenidia added on leg I in protonymph— v ″, v ′ 1, v ″ 1, l ′, l ″, l ″ 1 on femur; d on genua; v ′ 1, v ″ 1, v ″ 2, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 l ″ 2 on tibia I; tc ′, tc ″, v ″ 1, v ′ 1, v ″ 2, v ′ 2, v ′ 3, l ′ 1, l ″ 1, l ′ 2, l ″ 2 and ω ′, ω ′ 1, ω ″ 1 on tarsus; tactile form setae pv′ changed to eupathidial form in protonymph.

A total of 17 tactile setae added on leg II in protonymph— v ″, l ′, l ″, l ″ 1 on femur; d on genua; v ′ 1, v″ 1, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tibia; tc ′, tc ″, v ″ 1, v ′ 1, v ″ 2, v ′ 2, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tarsus; tactile form setae pv′ changed to eupathidial form in protonymph.

A total of 18 tactile setae added on leg II in protonymph— v ′, v″, l ′, l ″, v ″ 1 on femur; d on genu; v ′ 1, v″ 1, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tibia; tc ′, tc ″, v ″ 1, v ′ 1, v ″ 2, v ′ 2, l ′ 1, l ″ 1 on tarsus.