SCARUS RUBROVIOLACEUS - (BLEEKER, 1847)
Actinopteri (Class) > Perciformes (Order) > Labroidei (Suborder) > Scaridae (Family) > Scarinae (Subfamily) > Scarus (Genus)
Perroquet braisé, Perroquet lie-de-vin, Perroquet prairie, Perroquet rouge-violet, Perroquet violet, Black-veined red parrotfish, Blackvein parrotfish, Ember parrotfish, Half and half parrotfish, Redlip parrotfish, Papagaio de brasa, Loro violáceo, Kool-papegaaivis, Rødlæbet papegøjefisk, Funken-Papageifisch, Naga-budai,
Description
Épines dorsales (Total): 9; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 10; Épines anales 3; Rayons mous anaux: 9. Les mâles sont bleu-vert avec des écailles bordées de rose, bosse sur le museau, nageoires rose et bleu, caudale falciforme. Les sont femelles rouge brun avec taches grises irrégulières sur le corps, nageoires de couleur brun et gris. Max length : 70.0 cm TL. Age max. reporté: 20 années. Profondeur 1 - 36 m.
Etymologie
Scarus : du Latin, scarus = scare, ou poisson de mer (scare est le nom vernaculaire générique des poissons-perroquets). Le mot latin est dérivé du Grec, skaros, de même sens. Les Grecs connaissaient cette famille à travers Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758), présent sur leurs côtes, Aristote en décrit les viscères. Le genre a été décrit la première fois par Pehr Forsskål en 1775.
rubroviolaceus : du Latin ruber, -bra, -brum = rouge, de la couleur du sang + du Latin, violaceus, -a, -um = violet, ette, de la couleur de la violette. En référence à la couleur de la femelle.
Description Originale : Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 - Localité type : Jakarta, Java, Indonésie.
Distribution
Indo-Pacifique de l’Afrique de l’Est à Panama; des Ryukyu et d’Hawaï au Sud de la Grande Barrière (Australie) et des Tuamotu, Golfe de Californie et îles des Galapagos. Présent en Nouvelle-Calédonie.
Cette espèce est hermaphrodites : ils naissent femelle et prennent le caractère mâle au cours de leur croissance. Les couleurs changent en fonction de l’âge, du sexe et de l’humeur des individus (couleurs nocturnes). La nuit, ils se refugient dans les anfractuosités du récif est s'enveloppent dans un cocon de mucus pour se protéger des parasites (des crustacés isopodes notamment), et sans doute aussi de leurs prédateurs.
Synonymes
Callyodon africanus (Smith, 1955)
Callyodon jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
Callyodon macleayi (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
Callyodon ruberrimus (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
Callyodon rubrovidaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
Callyodon rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
Margaritodon africanus (Smith, 1955)
Pseudoscarus frontalis (Macleay, 1883)
Pseudoscarus jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
Pseudoscarus rostratus (Günther, 1909)
Scarops rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
Scarus calus (Fowler, 1904)
Scarus heliotropinus (Bryan, 1906)
Scarus jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
Scarus paluca (Jenkins, 1901)
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Description
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9. Minor differences in colouration occur in different parts of the range. Max length : 70.0 cm TL. Max. reported age: 20 years. Depth range 1 - 36 m.
Juvenile phase : This species is easily distinguished when small by the unique combination of a single band and three stripes, and at larger sizes, by dark scale edges and distinct pale dots which lie in the region of the dark stripes.At less than 25 mm, body off white, 3 brown stripes, orbital and dorsal stripes faint, pectoral stripe broad and dark, especially posteriorly; greater than 25 mm, stripes olive green, dorsal and orbital stripes increasingly visible, pale dots clearly visible in orbital and pectoral stripes, single broad dark vertical band extending from dorsal spines 3-8 distinct in small individuals but fades in progressively larger specimens; greater than 40 mm, body pale brown, scales with dark posterior margins, pale dots and interspaces become increasingly faint. Juvenile (80-130 mm): body light grey, scales with dark posterior margins, body with 3 longitudinal stripes, 1st from occiput along dorsal region to end of dorsal fin, 2nd from tip of snout through eye to centre of caudal peduncle, 3rd across cheek through pectoral base to end of anal fin; body bicoloured with anterior third darker than posterior regions; series of white dots on posterior region of body, these in 4 pairs from body mid-point extending equally spaced to caudal peduncle, dots tending to lie on dark longitudinal lines; median fins greyish, pectorals hyaline. This phase may change rapidly with the dark longitudinal stripes and pale dots being lost or intensified.
Intermidate phase: body reddish or greyish dorsally and on side, scales with narrow blackish edges and numerous short radiating black lines, these reduced on head and caudal scales; ventral part of body lighter; body often bicoloured with head and anterior third of body abruptly darker; median fins light reddish to orange, pectoral fins light red on dorsal third becoming paler ventrally, pelvic fins orange-red; iris yellow, dental plates light reddish to white. Colour in life usually greyish white posteriorly with the anterior third abruptly reddish-brown, this pattern usually fading to uniform reddish on death.
Terminal phase: body green dorsally, fading to greenish yellow on sides, scales with light orange vertical bar, body becoming blue-green ventrally, caudal peduncle lighter green; edge of upper lip narrowly salmon pink with broad band of blue-green above it, edge of lower lip blue-green; chin salmon pink, crossed by blue-green bar which joins with blue-green bar on lower lip and continues dorsally as blue line to lower margin of orbit; horizontal blue-green streak through upper margin of eye and single blue-green postorbital bar; longitudinal green line on lower cheek; dorsal fin orange with bluegreen distal margin, blue-green marking on each ray, these becoming reduced posteriorly; anal fin orange with broad blue-green distal margin and basal line of bluegreen blotches; caudal with upper and lower margins blue, central part light orange this colour extending onto upper and lower caudal rays, posterior portion of fin with thin orange margin; pectorals broadly blue-green on upper edge, usually horizontal light orange streak below this, rest of fin blue-green becoming paler ventrally; pelvic fins orange with broad blue anterior margin; iris orange, dental plates dark green, edged with white. In life Terminal phase individuals on the Great Barrier Reef may also be bicoloured with anterior third of body dark green and posterior 2/3 light green. Males develop a gibbus forehead.
Etymology
Scarus: Greek, skaros = a fish described by anciente writers as a parrot fish.
rubroviolaceus: from Latin ruber, -bra, -brum = red color + from Latin, violaceus, -a, -um = Having a purple colour.
Original description: Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 - Type locality: Jakarta, Java, Indonesia.
Distribution
Southern Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Panama and eastern Pacific, north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Middleton Reef, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Biology
Occurs solitary or in pairs in seaward reefs. Usually over rocky or coral substrates, at boulder-strewn slopes at the base of high-island cliffs where it may occur in large schools. Large adult usually on upper parts of deep slopes, but seen to about 35 m depth. Benthopelagic. Feeds on benthic algae. A protogynous hermaphrodite. An uncommon species. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding. Sex change occurs at 37.4 cm TL and 13 years of age.
Perroquet braisé, Perroquet lie-de-vin, Perroquet prairie, Perroquet rouge-violet, Perroquet violet, Black-veined red parrotfish, Blackvein parrotfish, Ember parrotfish, Half and half parrotfish, Redlip parrotfish, Papagaio de brasa, Loro violáceo, Kool-papegaaivis, Rødlæbet papegøjefisk, Funken-Papageifisch, Naga-budai,
Description
Épines dorsales (Total): 9; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total): 10; Épines anales 3; Rayons mous anaux: 9. Les mâles sont bleu-vert avec des écailles bordées de rose, bosse sur le museau, nageoires rose et bleu, caudale falciforme. Les sont femelles rouge brun avec taches grises irrégulières sur le corps, nageoires de couleur brun et gris. Max length : 70.0 cm TL. Age max. reporté: 20 années. Profondeur 1 - 36 m.
Etymologie
Scarus : du Latin, scarus = scare, ou poisson de mer (scare est le nom vernaculaire générique des poissons-perroquets). Le mot latin est dérivé du Grec, skaros, de même sens. Les Grecs connaissaient cette famille à travers Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus 1758), présent sur leurs côtes, Aristote en décrit les viscères. Le genre a été décrit la première fois par Pehr Forsskål en 1775.
rubroviolaceus : du Latin ruber, -bra, -brum = rouge, de la couleur du sang + du Latin, violaceus, -a, -um = violet, ette, de la couleur de la violette. En référence à la couleur de la femelle.
Description Originale : Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 - Localité type : Jakarta, Java, Indonésie.
Distribution
Indo-Pacifique de l’Afrique de l’Est à Panama; des Ryukyu et d’Hawaï au Sud de la Grande Barrière (Australie) et des Tuamotu, Golfe de Californie et îles des Galapagos. Présent en Nouvelle-Calédonie.
Cette espèce est hermaphrodites : ils naissent femelle et prennent le caractère mâle au cours de leur croissance. Les couleurs changent en fonction de l’âge, du sexe et de l’humeur des individus (couleurs nocturnes). La nuit, ils se refugient dans les anfractuosités du récif est s'enveloppent dans un cocon de mucus pour se protéger des parasites (des crustacés isopodes notamment), et sans doute aussi de leurs prédateurs.
Synonymes
Callyodon africanus (Smith, 1955)
Callyodon jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
Callyodon macleayi (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
Callyodon ruberrimus (Jordan & Seale, 1906)
Callyodon rubrovidaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
Callyodon rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
Margaritodon africanus (Smith, 1955)
Pseudoscarus frontalis (Macleay, 1883)
Pseudoscarus jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
Pseudoscarus rostratus (Günther, 1909)
Scarops rubroviolaceus (Bleeker, 1847)
Scarus calus (Fowler, 1904)
Scarus heliotropinus (Bryan, 1906)
Scarus jordani (Jenkins, 1901)
Scarus paluca (Jenkins, 1901)
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Description
Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9. Minor differences in colouration occur in different parts of the range. Max length : 70.0 cm TL. Max. reported age: 20 years. Depth range 1 - 36 m.
Juvenile phase : This species is easily distinguished when small by the unique combination of a single band and three stripes, and at larger sizes, by dark scale edges and distinct pale dots which lie in the region of the dark stripes.At less than 25 mm, body off white, 3 brown stripes, orbital and dorsal stripes faint, pectoral stripe broad and dark, especially posteriorly; greater than 25 mm, stripes olive green, dorsal and orbital stripes increasingly visible, pale dots clearly visible in orbital and pectoral stripes, single broad dark vertical band extending from dorsal spines 3-8 distinct in small individuals but fades in progressively larger specimens; greater than 40 mm, body pale brown, scales with dark posterior margins, pale dots and interspaces become increasingly faint. Juvenile (80-130 mm): body light grey, scales with dark posterior margins, body with 3 longitudinal stripes, 1st from occiput along dorsal region to end of dorsal fin, 2nd from tip of snout through eye to centre of caudal peduncle, 3rd across cheek through pectoral base to end of anal fin; body bicoloured with anterior third darker than posterior regions; series of white dots on posterior region of body, these in 4 pairs from body mid-point extending equally spaced to caudal peduncle, dots tending to lie on dark longitudinal lines; median fins greyish, pectorals hyaline. This phase may change rapidly with the dark longitudinal stripes and pale dots being lost or intensified.
Intermidate phase: body reddish or greyish dorsally and on side, scales with narrow blackish edges and numerous short radiating black lines, these reduced on head and caudal scales; ventral part of body lighter; body often bicoloured with head and anterior third of body abruptly darker; median fins light reddish to orange, pectoral fins light red on dorsal third becoming paler ventrally, pelvic fins orange-red; iris yellow, dental plates light reddish to white. Colour in life usually greyish white posteriorly with the anterior third abruptly reddish-brown, this pattern usually fading to uniform reddish on death.
Terminal phase: body green dorsally, fading to greenish yellow on sides, scales with light orange vertical bar, body becoming blue-green ventrally, caudal peduncle lighter green; edge of upper lip narrowly salmon pink with broad band of blue-green above it, edge of lower lip blue-green; chin salmon pink, crossed by blue-green bar which joins with blue-green bar on lower lip and continues dorsally as blue line to lower margin of orbit; horizontal blue-green streak through upper margin of eye and single blue-green postorbital bar; longitudinal green line on lower cheek; dorsal fin orange with bluegreen distal margin, blue-green marking on each ray, these becoming reduced posteriorly; anal fin orange with broad blue-green distal margin and basal line of bluegreen blotches; caudal with upper and lower margins blue, central part light orange this colour extending onto upper and lower caudal rays, posterior portion of fin with thin orange margin; pectorals broadly blue-green on upper edge, usually horizontal light orange streak below this, rest of fin blue-green becoming paler ventrally; pelvic fins orange with broad blue anterior margin; iris orange, dental plates dark green, edged with white. In life Terminal phase individuals on the Great Barrier Reef may also be bicoloured with anterior third of body dark green and posterior 2/3 light green. Males develop a gibbus forehead.
Etymology
Scarus: Greek, skaros = a fish described by anciente writers as a parrot fish.
rubroviolaceus: from Latin ruber, -bra, -brum = red color + from Latin, violaceus, -a, -um = Having a purple colour.
Original description: Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 - Type locality: Jakarta, Java, Indonesia.
Distribution
Southern Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, South Africa, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Panama and eastern Pacific, north to southern Japan and Hawaiian Islands, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Middleton Reef, New Caledonia and Tonga.
Biology
Occurs solitary or in pairs in seaward reefs. Usually over rocky or coral substrates, at boulder-strewn slopes at the base of high-island cliffs where it may occur in large schools. Large adult usually on upper parts of deep slopes, but seen to about 35 m depth. Benthopelagic. Feeds on benthic algae. A protogynous hermaphrodite. An uncommon species. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding. Sex change occurs at 37.4 cm TL and 13 years of age.