大丁草Gerbera anandria (Linn.) Sch.-Bip.

别名：翻白叶;青鱼胆;见肿消;白小米菜;豹子药;苦马菜;米汤菜;龙眼草;天青地白;鸡毛蒿;兔耳风;

科名：菊科 Compositae

属名：大丁草属 Gerbera

《中国植物志》第79卷082页
  7.大丁草
  Gerbera anandria (Linn.) Sch. -Bip. in Flora 27: 782. 1844; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 472,1888; Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 29: 630. 1901; Beauverd in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve ser. 2, 2: 44. 1910: Levl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 95. 1914; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 7: 326. 1931; Mattf. in Acta Hort. Gotob. 8: 81. 1933; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1176. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 268. 1966; Lauen. in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 34(3): 386. 1976. ——Tussilago anandria Linn. Sp. Pl. 865. 1753. ——Perdicium tomentosum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 319. 1784. ——Gerbera eavaleriei Vaniot et Levl. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 550. 1906; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 19: 269. 1966.——Gerbera bonatiana (Beauverd) Beauverd form. cavaleriei (Vaniot et Levl.) Levl. Cat. Pl. Yunnan 45. 1915. ——Gerbera integripetala Hayata, Ic. Pl. Forms. 6: 27. 1916. ——Gerbera laevipes Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 38. 1918. ——Gerbera anandria (Linn.) Sch.-Bip. var. integripetala Yamamoto in Journ. Soc. Trop. Agr. 8: 279. 1936.——Leibnizia anandria (Linn.) Turcz. B шеглов, Указ. Открыт 8: 404. 1831; Nakai in Journ. Jap. Bot. 13: 852. 1937; Kitamura in Journ. Jap. Bot. 14: 296. 1938, et in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. ser. B. 15: 294. 1940: Pobed. in Fl. URSS 28: 593. 1963; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 669.图6751, 1975; 台湾植物志4: 903. Pl. 1240, 1978.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 20-21 (2011)
Leibnitzia anandria  (Linnaeus) Turczaninow in Schtscheglow Ukaz. Otkryt. 8(1): 404. 1831.
大丁草   da ding cao
Tussilago anandria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 865. 1753; Anandria laevipes Gandoger; Gerbera anandria (Linnaeus) Schultz Bipontinus; G. anandria var. densifolia Mattfeld; G. anandria var. densiloba Mattfeld; G. anandria var. integripetala (Hayata) Yamamoto; G. bonatiana (Beauverd) Beauverd f. cavaleriei (Vaniot & H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé; G. cavaleriei Vaniot & H. Léveillé; G. integripetala Hayata; G. pterodonta Y. C. Tseng; Perdicium anandria (Linnaeus) R. Brown; P. tomentosum Thunberg.
Herbs, perennial, dimorphic; rhizome covered by marcescent petiole. Vernal phase: leaves in basal rosette; petiole 2-4 cm, white lanuginous; leaf blade oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, 2-6 × 1-3 cm, papery, abaxially arachnoid lanate, adaxially subglabrous, base attenuate, obtuse, subtruncate, or shallowly cordate, margin denticulate, sinuate, runcinate, apex mucronate. Scapes 1 or tufted, 5-20 cm, arachnoid lanate; bracts many, subulate or linear, 6-7 mm. Capitula solitary, terminal, radiate, 1-1.5 cm in diam.; involucre obconic; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, abaxially lanuginous, outer phyllaries linear, ca. 4 mm, inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate, ca. 8 mm. Marginal female florets bilabiate, outer lips oblong, adaxially white, abaxially pink, or both surfaces pink, 3-8 × 1-1.5 mm, inner lips filiform, 1.5-2 mm, coiled; central bisexual florets many, bilabiate, tubular, corolla 6-8 mm, outer lips oblong, ca. 3 mm, inner lips 2.5-3 mm. Achenes fusiform, 5-6 mm, hairy; pappus dark white, 5-7 mm. Fl. Mar-Jul. Autumnal phase: leaves in basal rosette; petiole 2.5-8.5(-25) cm, arachnoid lignose; leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 6-15 × 4-6.5 cm, papery, abaxially arachnoid lanate, adaxially subglabrous, base attenuate, subtruncate, or shallowly cordate, margin denticulate or sinuate, apex mucronate. Scapes 1 or tufted, 15-35 cm, arachnoid lanate; bracts many, subulate or linear, 1-1.5 cm. Capitula solitary, terminal, radiate, 1.5-2 cm in diam.; involucre campanulate; phyllaries ca. 3-seriate, abaxially lanuginous, outer phyllaries linear, 5-6 mm, inner phyllaries linear, 15-16 mm. Florets cleistogamous, closed, marginal florets female, 1-seriate, bilabiate, tubular, corolla ca. 8 mm; central bisexual florets many, bilabiate, tubular, corolla ca. 7 mm. Achenes fusiform, ca. 7 mm, hairy; pappus dark white, 11-12 mm. Fl. Aug-Nov. 2n = 46.
Mountain slopes, summits, or valleys; 600-2600 m. Throughout China except Xinjiang and Xizang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Sakhalin, Siberia)].
This is a very variable species, especially in the leaf morphology.This is a very variable species, especially in the leaf morphology.

《全国中草药汇编》:大丁草

【拼音名】 Dà Dīnɡ Cǎo
【别名】 小火草、臁草
【来源】 为菊科大丁草属植物大丁草Leibnitzia anandria （L.） Nakai [Gerbera anandria （L.）Sch.Bip.]，以全草入药。开花前采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干备用。
【原形态】 多年生草本。根状茎短，下生多数细长须根，具辛辣味，有春秋二型：春型植株较矮小，基生叶丛生，莲座状，有长柄；叶片椭圆状宽卵形，长2～5.5厘米，宽1.5～4.5厘米，先端圆钝，基部心形，边缘浅齿状或基部羽裂。春夏间抽花葶，高8～19厘米，初有白色蛛丝毛密生，后渐脱落。有条形苞叶。头状花序单生，直径约2厘米；边花舌状，淡紫色，中央花管状，黄色。秋型植株高大，基生叶倒披针状长椭圆形或椭圆状广卵形，长5～16厘米，宽3～5.5厘米，基部逐渐变窄成柄，边缘提琴状羽裂，顶端裂片卵形，边缘具不规则圆齿，上面绿色，下面密生白色蛛丝毛。秋季开花，仅有管状花。瘦果纺锤形，两端收缩。
【生境分布】 生于山坡、沟谷、路旁及林下草丛中。我国南北各省区均有分布。
【性味】 苦，寒。
【功能主治】 清热利湿，解毒消肿，止咳，止血。用于肺热咳嗽，肠炎，痢疾，尿路感染，风湿关节痛；外用治乳腺炎，痈疖肿毒，臁疮；烧烫伤，外伤出血。
【用法用量】 0.3～1两；外用适量，研末外敷或捣烂敷患处。
【附方】 外伤出血：大丁草研末，撒伤口。有一定的止血和消炎效果。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》