Parthenocissus inserta (A. Kerner) Fritsch (syn.: P. vitaceae A.S. Hitchc.) (N-Am.) – Very commonly grown as an ornamental, especially on walls or in hedges. First collected (in the wild?) in 1880 in Malonne (hedge). Old records are almost exclusively from old walls or hedges and are probably mere relics of cultivation. Recorded in 1947 from a stony hillside in the valley of river Semois near Bouillon (possibly for the first time in a rather remote, nature-like habitat). In the past decades much increasing and now naturalized in numerous widely scattered locations throughout Belgium. Dense concentrations are found in the vicinity of larger cities (Antwerpen, Brussel, Gent, etc.), usually in disturbed habitats (Verloove 2002, 2006). However, Parthenocissus inserta is increasingly found in natural habitats as well: woodlands, rocky slopes, seadunes, riversides, etc. It often builds massive stands and is likely to become a very invasive species in a near future. Many populations are obviously issued from garden waste but Parthenocissus inserta is probably dispersed by birds too. Additional information on the invasive behavior of Parthenocissusspecies in Belgium is available here: http://ias.biodiversity.be/species/show/133.
Parthenocissusinserta was confused with P. quinquefolia in Belgium for quite a long time and all early records were erroneously ascribed to the latter. Both are closely related and belong to the same series Parthenocissus (Lu & al. 2012) but Parthenocissus quinquefolia is much rarer (in cultivation and as an escape). Surprisingly, Parthenocissus quinquefolia is the usual escape in the British Isles (Clement & Foster 1994, Stace 2010). According to some sources a hybrid between both species is also cultivated and might escape as well (Clement & Foster 1994, Adolphi 1995, Lambinon & al. 2004). This could not be confirmed from other literature sources and is perhaps rather unlikely.
The nomenclature of this species is very complex. Several authors, including recent ones (e.g. Stace 2010, Lu & al. 2012), apply the binomial Parthenocissus vitacea for this species but Pringle (2010) demonstrated that P. inserta is the only correct name for it.
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Selected literature:
Adolphi K. (1995) Neophytische Kultur- und Anbaupflanzen als Kulturflüchtlinge des Rheinlandes. Nardus 2: 272 p.
Adolphi K. & Dickore B.(1980) Zur Kartierung von Parthenocissus Arten. GöttingerFlor. Rundbr. 13 (3): 75-77.
Clement E.J. & Foster M.C. (1994) Alien plants of the British Isles. BSBI, London: XVIII + 590 p.
Gerrath J.M. & Posluszny U.(1989a) Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae: 3. Vegetative development in Parthenocissusinserta. Canad. J. Bot. 67(3): 803-816.
Gerrath J.M. & Posluszny U.(1989b) Morphological and anatomical development in the Vitaceae: 4. Floral development in Parthenocissusinserta. Canad. J. Bot. 67(5): 1356-1365.
Lambinon J., Delvosalle L., Duvigneaud J. (avec coll. Geerinck D., Lebeau J., Schumacker R. & Vannerom H. (2004) Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des Régions voisines (Ptéridophytes et Spermatophytes). Cinquième édition. Jardin botanique national de Belgique, Meise: CXXX + 1167 p.
Lu L., Wen J. & Chen Z. (2012) A combined morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) and taxonomic implications. Bot. J. Linn. Soc.168: 43-63.
Pringle J.S. (2010) Nomenclature of the thicket creeper, Parthenocissusinserta (Vitaceae). Michigan Botanist 49(3): 73-78. [available online at: http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/nomenclature-of-the-thicket-creeper-parthenocissus-inserta.pdf?c=mbot;idno=0497763.0049.301]
Stace C. (2010) New flora of the British Isles, 3th ed.: XXXII + 1232 p. Cambridge University Press.
Verloove F. (2002) Ingeburgerde plantensoorten in Vlaanderen. Mededeling van het Instituut voor Natuurbehoud n° 20: 227 p.
Verloove F. (2006) Parthenocissusinserta. In: Van Landuyt W., Hoste I., Vanhecke L., Van den Bremt P., Vercruysse W. & De Beer D., Atlas van de flora van Vlaanderen en het Brussels gewest. InstituutvoorNatuur- en Bosonderzoek, Nationale Plantentuin van België en Flo.Wer: 651.
Walter E. (1997) Die Jungfernrebe (Parthenocissus inserta (Kern.) Fritsch) verwildernd in Oberfranken. Ber.Naturforsch.Ges. Bamberg 71: 23-31.
Webb D.A. (1966) What is Parthenocissusquinquefolia (L.) Planchon?FeddesRepert. 74: 6-10.
Zieliński J., Petrova A. & Natcheva R. (2012) New species for the Bulgarian flora. Phytol. Balcanica 18(2): 197-204. [available online at: http://www.bio.bas.bg/~phytolbalcan/PDF/18_2/18_2_13_Zielinski_&_al.pdf]