Rare and Extirpated Biota and Natural Communities of Kentucky

Rare and Extirpated Biota
and Natural Communities

of Kentucky

May 2012

Abstract
The Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission has updated and revised the lists of rare and
extinct or extirpated biota. This is the most current list of statuses available and represents an
updated version of the formal list last published in the Journal of the Kentucky Academy of
Science in 2010. The list is based on a standard methodology now utilized by NatureServe.
Natural communities have been included in this update. The newly revised lists include one
lichen, 387 vascular plant and lesser taxa, 347 animal taxa, and 36 natural communities
considered rare (Table 1). Twenty-one plant and 46 animal taxa are considered extirpated or
extinct from Kentucky (Table 2).

Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission
801 Schenkel Lane

Frankfort, KY 40601-1403
Phone (502) 573-2886 Fax (502) 573-2355

http://naturepreserves.ky.gov

Table 1. Kentucky's endangered, threatened, special concern, and historical biota and natural communities, 2012.

Lichens Status Adiantum capillus-veneris Status
KSNPC US Southern Maidenhair-fern KSNPC US
Phaeophyscia leana
Lea's Bog Lichen E -- Adlumia fungosa T --
Plants Allegheny-vine H --
E -- T --
Liverworts Aesculus pavia E --
Plagiochila caduciloba T -- Red Buckeye E --
T -- H --
Gorge Leafy Liverwort E -- Agalinis auriculata S --
Mosses 1 E -- Earleaf False Foxglove T --
E -- E --
Abietinella abietina T -- Agalinis obtusifolia E --
Wire Fern Moss E -- Ten-lobe False Foxglove E --
E -- E LT
Anomodon rugelii E -- Agalinis skinneriana H --
T -- Pale False Foxglove H --
Brachythecium populeum E -- T LE
Matted Feather Moss E -- Ageratina luciae-brauniae E --
T -- Lucy Braun's White Snakeroot H --
Bryum cyclophyllum E -- T --
E -- Agrimonia gryposepala S --
Bryum miniatum E -- Tall Hairy Groovebur S --
E -- S --
Cirriphyllum piliferum Amianthium muscitoxicum T --
E -- Fly Poison T --
Dicranodontium asperulum T -- E --
Angelica atropurpurea T --
Entodon brevisetus Great Angelica E --
E --
Herzogiella turfacea Angelica triquinata
Filmy Angelica
Neckera pennata
Apios priceana
Oncophorus raui Price's Potato-bean

Orthotrichum diaphanum Arabis hirsuta
Western Hairy Rockcress
Polytrichum pallidisetum
A Hair Cap Moss Arabis missouriensis
Missouri Rockcress
Polytrichum piliferum
Arabis perstellata
Polytrichum strictum Braun's Rockcress

Sphagnum quinquefarium Aralia nudicaulis
Five-ranked Bogmoss Wild Sarsaparilla

Tortula norvegica Aristida ramosissima
Tortula Branched Three-awn Grass

Vascular Plants Armoracia lacustris
Acer spicatum Lakecress

Mountain Maple Aureolaria patula
Aconitum uncinatum Spreading False Foxglove

Blue Monkshood Baptisia australis var. minor
Blue Wild Indigo

Baptisia bracteata var. glabrescens
Cream Wild Indigo

Baptisia tinctoria
Yellow Wild Indigo

Bartonia virginica
Yellow Screwstem

Berberis canadensis
American Barberry

Berchemia scandens
Supple-jack

Bolboschoenus fluviatilis
River Bulrush

Botrychium matricariifolium
Matricary Grape-fern

Table 1. Continued.

Botrychium oneidense Status Carex reniformis Status
Blunt-lobe Grape-fern KSNPC US Reniform Sedge KSNPC US

Bouteloua curtipendula H -- Carex roanensis E --
Side-oats Grama S -- Roan Mountain Sedge E --
E -- T --
Boykinia aconitifolia T -- Carex seorsa H --
Brook Saxifrage H -- Weak Stellate Sedge T --
E -- E --
Cabomba caroliniana T -- Carex stipata var. maxima T --
Carolina Fanwort E -- Stalkgrain Sedge T --
E -- E --
Calamagrostis canadensis var. macouniana T -- Carex straminea T --
Blue-joint Reedgrass H -- Straw Sedge E --
E -- E --
Calamagrostis porteri ssp. insperata T -- Carex tetanica T --
Bent Reedgrass T -- Rigid Sedge H --
E -- E --
Calamagrostis porteri ssp. porteri S -- Carex tonsa var. rugosperma E --
Porter's Reedgrass E -- Umbel-like Sedge S --
H -- E --
Calamovilfa arcuata S -- Carya aquatica T --
Cumberland sandgrass E -- Water Hickory T --
T -- S --
Calopogon tuberosus E -- Castanea dentata H --
Grass Pink H -- American Chestnut T --
E -- E --
Calycanthus floridus var. glaucus E -- Castanea pumila E --
Eastern Sweetshrub E -- Allegheny Chinkapin E LT
H -- E --
Calylophus serrulatus Castilleja coccinea
Yellow Evening Primrose Scarlet Indian Paintbrush

Carex aestivalis Cayaponia quinqueloba
Summer Sedge Five-lobe Cucumber

Carex alata Ceanothus herbaceus
Broadwing Sedge Prairie Redroot

Carex appalachica Cheilanthes alabamensis
Appalachian Sedge Alabama Lipfern

Carex atlantica ssp. capillacea Cheilanthes feei
Prickly Bog Sedge Fee's Lipfern

Carex austrocaroliniana Chelone obliqua var. obliqua
Tarheel Sedge Red Turtlehead

Carex buxbaumii Chelone obliqua var. speciosa
Brown Bog Sedge Rose Turtlehead

Carex comosa Chrysogonum virginianum
Bristly Sedge Green-and-gold

Carex crawei Chrysosplenium americanum
Crawe's Sedge American Golden-saxifrage

Carex crebriflora Cimicifuga rubifolia
Coastal Plain Sedge Appalachian Bugbane

Carex decomposita Circaea alpina
Epiphytic Sedge Small Enchanter's Nightshade

Carex gigantea Clematis catesbyana
Large Sedge Satin-curls

Carex hystericina Clematis crispa
Porcupine Sedge Blue Jasmine Leather-flower

Carex joorii Collinsonia verticillata
Cypress-swamp Sedge Whorled Horse-balm

Carex juniperorum Comptonia peregrina
Juniper Sedge Sweet-fern

Carex leptonervia Conradina verticillata
Finely-nerved Sedge Cumberland Rosemary

Carex pellita Convallaria montana
Woolly Sedge American Lily-of-the-valley

Table 1. Continued.

Corallorhiza maculata Status Erythronium rostratum Status
Spotted Coralroot KSNPC US Yellow Troutlily KSNPC US

Coreopsis pubescens E -- Eupatorium maculatum S --
Star Tickseed S -- Spotted Joe-pye-weed H --
S -- E --
Corydalis sempervirens E -- Eupatorium semiserratum T --
Rock Harlequin H -- Small-flower Thoroughwort T --
E -- E --
Cymophyllus fraserianus E -- Eupatorium steelei E --
Fraser's Sedge T -- Steele's Joe-pye-weed T --
S -- S --
Cyperus plukenetii T -- Euphorbia mercurialina T --
Plukenet's Cyperus E -- Mercury Spurge T --
T -- T --
Cypripedium candidum S -- Eurybia hemispherica S --
Small White Lady's-slipper E -- Tennessee Aster E --
S -- E --
Cypripedium kentuckiense E -- Eurybia radula S --
Kentucky Lady's-slipper E -- Rough-leaved Aster E --
E -- E --
Cypripedium parviflorum S -- Eurybia saxicastellii T --
Small Yellow Lady's-slipper T -- Rockcastle Aster H --
E -- S --
Dalea purpurea S -- Fimbristylis perpusilla S --
Purple Prairie-clover T -- Harper's fimbry E --
T -- E --
Delphinium carolinianum E -- Fimbristylis puberula T --
Carolina Larkspur E -- Chestnut Sedge E --
E -- E --
Deschampsia cespitosa Forestiera ligustrina
Tufted Hairgrass Upland Privet

Deschampsia flexuosa Gaylussacia ursina
Crinkled Hairgrass Bear huckleberry

Dichanthelium boreale Gentiana decora
Northern Witchgrass Showy Gentian

Didiplis diandra Gentiana flavida
Water-purslane Yellow Gentian

Dodecatheon frenchii Gentiana puberulenta
French's Shooting Star Prairie Gentian

Draba cuneifolia Gleditsia aquatica
Wedge-leaf Whitlow-grass Water Locust

Drosera brevifolia Glyceria acutiflora
Dwarf Sundew Sharp-scaled Manna-grass

Drosera intermedia Goodyera repens
Spoon-leaved Sundew Lesser rattlesnake-plantain

Dryopteris carthusiana Gratiola pilosa
Spinulose Wood Fern Shaggy Hedgehyssop

Echinodorus berteroi Gratiola quartermaniae
Burhead Quarterman's Hedge-hyssop

Echinodorus tenellus var. parvulus Gratiola viscidula
Dwarf Burhead Short's Hedgehyssop

Eleocharis flavescens Gymnopogon ambiguus
Bright Green Spikerush Bearded Skeleton-grass

Elodea nuttallii Gymnopogon brevifolius
Western Waterweed Shortleaf Skeleton-grass

Elymus svensonii Halesia carolina
Svenson's Wildrye Common Silverbell

Eriophorum virginicum Hedeoma hispidum
Tawny Cotton-grass Rough Pennyroyal

Eryngium integrifolium Helianthemum bicknellii
Blue-flower Coyote-thistle Plains Frostweed

Erysimum capitatum var. capitatum Helianthemum canadense
Western Wallflower Canada Frostweed

Table 1. Continued.

Helianthus eggertii Status Lathyrus palustris Status
Eggert's Sunflower KSNPC US Vetchling Peavine KSNPC US

Helianthus silphioides T -- Lathyrus venosus T --
Silphium Sunflower E -- Smooth Veiny Peavine S --
H -- EC
Heracleum lanatum S -- Leavenworthia exigua var. laciniata T --
Cow-parsnip S -- Kentucky Gladecress S --
T -- T --
Heteranthera dubia E -- Leavenworthia torulosa EC
Grassleaf Mud-plantain T -- Necklace Gladecress H --
E -- E --
Heteranthera limosa E -- Lespedeza capitata T --
Blue Mud-plantain E -- Round-head Bush-clover T --
E -- T --
Heterotheca subaxillaris var. latifolia T -- Lespedeza stuevei T --
Broad-leaf Golden-aster H -- Tall Bush-clover T --
T -- H --
Hexastylis contracta H -- Lesquerella globosa T --
Southern Heartleaf T -- Globe Bladderpod E --
E -- T --
Hieracium longipilum E -- Lesquerella lescurii E --
Hairy Hawkweed E -- Lescur's Bladderpod T --
T -- E --
Houstonia serpyllifolia S -- Leucothoe recurva E --
Michaux's Bluets H -- Red-twig Doghobble E --
T -- E --
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides T -- Liatris cylindracea E --
Floating Pennywort E -- Slender Blazingstar H --
E -- T --
Hydrolea ovata Lilium philadelphicum
Ovate Fiddleleaf Wood Lily

Hydrolea uniflora Lilium superbum
One-flower Fiddleleaf Turk's Cap Lily

Hydrophyllum virginianum Limnobium spongia
Eastern Waterleaf American Frog's-bit

Hypericum adpressum Liparis loeselii
Creeping St. John's-wort Loesel's Twayblade

Hypericum crux-andreae Listera australis
St. Peter's-wort Southern Twayblade

Hypericum pseudomaculatum Listera smallii
Large Spotted St. John's-wort Kidney-leaf Twayblade

Iris brevicaulis Lobelia gattingeri
Zigzag Iris Gattinger's Lobelia

Iris fulva Lobelia nuttallii
Copper Iris Nuttall's Lobelia

Isoetes butleri Lonicera dioica var. orientalis
Butler's Quillwort Wild Honeysuckle

Isoetes melanopoda Lonicera reticulata
Blackfoot Quillwort Grape Honeysuckle

Juglans cinerea Ludwigia hirtella
White Walnut Hairy Ludwigia

Juncus articulatus Lycopodiella appressa
Jointed Rush Southern Bog Clubmoss

Juncus elliottii Lycopodiella inundata
Bog Rush Northern Bog Clubmoss

Juncus filipendulus Lycopodium clavatum
Ringseed Rush Running Pine

Juniperus communis var. depressa Lysimachia terrestris
Ground Juniper Swamp Candles

Koeleria macrantha Magnolia pyramidata
Prairie Junegrass Pyramid Magnolia

Krigia occidentalis Maianthemum canadense
Western Dwarf Dandelion Wild Lily-of-the-valley

Table 1. Continued.

Maianthemum stellatum Status Onosmodium hispidissimum Status
Starflower False Solomon's-seal KSNPC US Hairy False Gromwell KSNPC US

Malus ioensis E -- Onosmodium molle E --
Iowa Crabapple S -- Soft-hairy False-gromwell H --
T -- E --
Malvastrum hispidum E -- Onosmodium occidentale H --
Hispid Falsemallow E -- Western False Gromwell T --
T -- H --
Marshallia grandiflora H -- Orobanche ludoviciana E --
Barbara's Buttons S -- Louisiana Broomrape E --
E -- E --
Matelea carolinensis E LE Orontium aquaticum S --
Carolina Anglepod T -- Golden Club T --
H -- T --
Melampyrum lineare var. latifolium T -- Oxalis macrantha S --
American Cowwheat E -- Price's Yellow Wood Sorrel T --
T -- E --
Melampyrum lineare var. pectinatum S -- Parnassia asarifolia T --
American Cow-wheat S -- Kidneyleaf Grass-of-parnassus E --
H -- T --
Melanthera nivea S -- Parnassia grandifolia EC
Snow Squarestem T -- Large-leaved Grass-of-parnassus E --
E -- E --
Melanthium virginicum T -- Paronychia argyrocoma S --
Virginia Bunchflower E -- Silverling E --
H -- E --
Minuartia cumberlandensis E -- Paspalum boscianum H --
Cumberland Sandwort T -- Bull Paspalum E --
E -- T --
Minuartia glabra Paxistima canbyi
Appalachian Sandwort Canby's Mountain-lover

Mirabilis albida Perideridia americana
Pale Umbrella-wort Eastern Yampah

Monotropsis odorata Phacelia ranunculacea
Sweet Pinesap Blue Scorpion-weed

Muhlenbergia bushii Philadelphus inodorus
Bush's Muhly Mock Orange

Muhlenbergia cuspidata Philadelphus pubescens
Plains Muhly Hoary Mock Orange

Muhlenbergia glabrifloris Phlox bifida ssp. bifida
Hair Grass Cleft Phlox

Myriophyllum heterophyllum Phlox bifida ssp. stellaria
Broadleaf Water-milfoil Starry-cleft Phlox

Myriophyllum pinnatum Platanthera cristata
Cutleaf Water-milfoil Yellow-crested Orchid

Najas gracillima Platanthera integrilabia
Thread-like Naiad White Fringeless Orchid

Nemophila aphylla Platanthera psycodes
Small-flower Baby-blue-eyes Small Purple-fringed Orchid

Nestronia umbellula Poa saltuensis
Conjurer's-nut Drooping Bluegrass

Oclemena acuminata Podostemum ceratophyllum
Whorled Aster Threadfoot

Oenothera linifolia Pogonia ophioglossoides
Thread-leaf Sundrops Rose Pogonia

Oenothera oakesiana Polygala cruciata
Evening Primrose Crossleaf Milkwort

Oenothera perennis Polygala nuttallii
Small Sundrops Nuttall's Milkwort

Oenothera triloba Polygala paucifolia
Stemless Evening-primrose Gaywings

Oldenlandia uniflora Polygala polygama
Clustered Bluets Racemed Milkwort

Table 1. Continued.

Polymnia laevigata Status Rubus canadensis Status
Tennessee Leafcup KSNPC US Smooth Blackberry KSNPC US

Pontederia cordata E -- Rudbeckia subtomentosa E --
Pickerel-weed T -- Sweet Coneflower E --
E -- E --
Potamogeton amplifolius S -- Sabatia campanulata E --
Large-leaf Pondweed T -- Slender Marsh Pink T --
E -- E --
Potamogeton illinoensis E -- Sagina fontinalis E --
Illinois Pondweed E -- Water Stitchwort H --
S -- H --
Potamogeton pulcher S -- Sagittaria graminea E --
Spotted Pondweed S -- Grassleaf Arrowhead E --
H -- E --
Prenanthes alba H -- Sagittaria platyphylla T --
White Rattlesnake-root T -- Delta Arrowhead E --
E -- E --
Prenanthes aspera E -- Sagittaria rigida T --
Rough Rattlesnake-root H -- Sessile-fruited Arrowhead E --
E -- H --
Prenanthes barbata H -- Salix amygdaloides H LE
Barbed Rattlesnake-root T -- Peach-leaved Willow E --
T -- E --
Prenanthes crepidinea S -- Salix discolor T --
Nodding Rattlesnake-root E -- Pussy Willow T --
E -- T --
Prenanthes racemosa E -- Salvia urticifolia E --
Glaucous Rattlesnake-root S -- Nettle-leaf Sage E --
T -- T --
Prosartes maculata Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens
Nodding Mandarin Red Elderberry

Pseudognaphalium helleri ssp. micradenium Sanguisorba canadensis
Small Rabbit-tobacco Canada Burnet

Psoralidium tenuiflorum Saxifraga michauxii
Few-flowered Scurf-pea Michaux's Saxifrage

Ptilimnium capillaceum Saxifraga micranthidifolia
Mock Bishop's-weed Lettuce-leaf Saxifrage

Ptilimnium costatum Schisandra glabra
Eastern Mock Bishop's-weed Bay Starvine

Ptilimnium nuttallii Schizachne purpurascens
Nuttall's Mock Bishop's-weed Purple Oat

Pycnanthemum albescens Schoenoplectus hallii
Whiteleaf Mountainmint Hall's Bulrush

Pycnanthemum muticum Schoenoplectus heterochaetus
Blunt Mountainmint Slender Bulrush

Quercus ilicifolia Schwalbea americana
Scrub oak Chaffseed

Quercus nigra Scirpus expansus
Water Oak Woodland Beakrush

Quercus texana Scutellaria arguta
Nuttall's Oak Hairy Skullcap

Ranunculus ambigens Scutellaria saxatilis
Waterplantain Spearwort Rock Skullcap

Rhododendron canescens Sedum telephioides
Hoary Azalea Allegheny Stonecrop

Rhynchosia tomentosa Sida hermaphrodita
Hairy Snoutbean Virginia Mallow

Rhynchospora macrostachya Silene ovata
Tall Beaked-rush Ovate Catchfly

Rhynchospora recognita Silene regia
Globe Beaked-rush Royal Catchfly

Ribes americanum Silphium laciniatum
Eastern Black Currant Compassplant

Table 1. Continued.

Silphium pinnatifidum Status Symphyotrichum concolor Status
Tansy Rosinweed KSNPC US Eastern Silvery Aster KSNPC US

Silphium wasiotense S -- Symphyotrichum drummondii var. texanum T --
Appalachian Rosinweed S -- Hairy Heart-leaved Aster H --
T LT S --
Solidago albopilosa S -- Symphyotrichum pratense E --
White-haired Goldenrod S -- Barrens Silky Aster E --
S -- E --
Solidago buckleyi S -- Symphyotrichum priceae T --
Buckley's Goldenrod T -- White Heath Aster E --
E LE T --
Solidago curtisii S -- Talinum calcaricum E --
Curtis' Goldenrod H -- Limestone Fameflower T --
E -- H --
Solidago gracillima S -- Talinum teretifolium E --
Southern Bog Goldenrod H -- Roundleaf Fameflower E --
T LT S --
Solidago puberula T -- Taxus canadensis E --
Downy Goldenrod T -- Canadian Yew E --
T -- E --
Solidago roanensis E -- Tephrosia spicata E --
Roan Mountain Goldenrod T -- Spiked Hoary-pea T LE
E -- E --
Solidago shortii H -- Thaspium pinnatifidum E --
Short's Goldenrod S -- Cutleaf Meadow-parsnip T --
T -- S --
Solidago simplex ssp. randii var. racemosa E -- Thermopsis mollis E --
Rand's Goldenrod E -- Soft-haired Thermopsis E --
E -- S --
Solidago squarrosa Thuja occidentalis
Squarrose Goldenrod Northern White Cedar

Sparganium eurycarpum Torreyochloa pallida
Large Bur-reed Pale Manna Grass

Sphenopholis pensylvanica Toxicodendron vernix
Swamp Wedgescale Poison Sumac

Spiraea alba Tragia urticifolia
Narrow-leaved Meadow-sweet Nettle-leaf Noseburn

Spiraea virginiana Trepocarpus aethusae
Virginia Spiraea Trepocarpus

Spiranthes lucida Trichophorum planifolium
Shining Ladies'-tresses Bashful Bulrush

Spiranthes magnicamporum Trichostema setaceum
Great Plains Ladies'-tresses Narrowleaved Bluecurls

Spiranthes ochroleuca Trientalis borealis
Yellow Nodding Ladies'-tresses Northern Starflower

Spiranthes odorata Trifolium reflexum
Sweetscent Ladies'-tresses Buffalo Clover

Sporobolus clandestinus Trifolium stoloniferum
Rough Dropseed Running Buffalo Clover

Sporobolus heterolepis Trillium nivale
Northern Dropseed Snow Trillium

Stachys eplingii Trillium pusillum
Epling's Hedgenettle Least Trillium

Stellaria longifolia Trillium undulatum
Longleaf Stitchwort Painted Trillium

Stenanthium gramineum Ulmus serotina
Eastern Featherbells September Elm

Streptopus lanceolatus Utricularia macrorhiza
Rosy Twisted-stalk Greater Bladderwort

Styrax grandifolius Vaccinium erythrocarpum
Bigleaf Snowbell Southern Mountain Cranberry

Symphoricarpos albus Vallisneria americana
Snowberry Eelgrass

Table 1. Continued.

Status Status
KSNPC US KSNPC US

Veratrum parviflorum T -- Lioplax sulculosa S --
Appalachian Bunchflower T -- Furrowed Lioplax S --
E -- S --
Veratrum woodii H -- Lithasia armigera S --
Wood's Bunchflower E -- Armored Rocksnail S --
S -- T --
Verbena canadensis E -- Lithasia geniculata T --
Rose Mock-vervain T -- Ornate Rocksnail T --
S -- S --
Veronica americana T -- Lithasia salebrosa E --
American Speedwell T -- Muddy Rocksnail S --
T -- S --
Viburnum lantanoides E -- Lithasia verrucosa T --
Alderleaved Viburnum E -- Varicose Rocksnail S --
H -- E --
Viburnum molle T -- Mesomphix rugeli E --
Softleaf Arrowwood Wrinkled Button T --
T --
Viburnum nudum Neohelix dentifera
Possumhaw Big-tooth Whitelip E LE
T --
Viburnum rafinesquianum var. rafinesquianum Paravitrea lapilla E --
Downy Arrowwood Gem Supercoil E LE
E LE
Viola septemloba var. egglestonii Patera panselenus E LE
Eggleston's Violet Virginia Bladetooth E LE
E LE
Viola walteri Pilsbryna vanattai
Walter's Violet Honey Glyph

Vitis labrusca Pleurocera alveare
Northern Fox Grape Rugged Hornsnail

Vitis rupestris Pleurocera curta
Sand Grape Shortspire Hornsnail

Woodsia scopulina ssp. appalachiana Rabdotus dealbatus
Appalachian Woodsia Whitewashed Rabdotus

Xyris difformis Rhodacme elatior
Carolina Yellow-eyed-grass Domed Ancylid

Zizania palustris var. interior Vertigo bollesiana
Indian Wild Rice Delicate Vertigo

Zizaniopsis miliacea Vertigo clappi
Southern Wild Rice Cupped Vertigo

Animals Vitrinizonites latissimus
Glassy Grapeskin
Snails E --
S -- Webbhelix multilineata
Anguispira rugoderma S -- Striped Whitelip
Pine Mountain Tigersnail S --
S -- Freshwater Mussels
Antroselates spiralis T --
Shaggy Cavesnail T -- Alasmidonta atropurpurea
S -- Cumberland Elktoe
Appalachina chilhoweensis S --
Queen Crater Alasmidonta marginata
Elktoe
Fumonelix wetherbyi
Clifty Covert Anodontoides denigratus
Cumberland Papershell
Glyphyalinia raderi
Maryland Glyph Cumberlandia monodonta
Spectaclecase
Glyphyalinia rhoadsi
Sculpted Glyph Cyprogenia stegaria
Fanshell
Helicodiscus notius specus
A Terrestrial Snail Dromus dromas
Dromedary Pearlymussel
Helicodiscus punctatellus
Punctate Coil Epioblasma brevidens
Cumberlandian Combshell
Leptoxis praerosa
Onyx Rocksnail Epioblasma capsaeformis
Oyster Mussel

Table 1. Continued.

Epioblasma florentina walkeri Status Barbicambarus cornutus Status
Tan Riffleshell KSNPC US Bottlebrush Crayfish KSNPC US

Epioblasma obliquata obliquata E LE Bryocamptus morrisoni elegans S --
Catspaw E LE A Copepod T --
E LE E --
Epioblasma torulosa rangiana E LE Caecidotea barri E --
Northern Riffleshell E LE Clifton Cave Isopod S --
E -- E --
Epioblasma triquetra E -- Cambarellus puer S --
Snuffbox E LE Swamp Dwarf Crayfish S --
E LE T --
Lampsilis abrupta E LE Cambarellus shufeldtii S --
Pink Mucket E LE Cajun Dwarf Crayfish T --
E LE E --
Lampsilis ovata E -- Cambarus bouchardi T --
Pocketbook E LE Big South Fork Crayfish T --
E -- E --
Lasmigona compressa E LE Cambarus buntingi E --
Creek Heelsplitter E -- Longclaw Crayfish E --
EC T --
Obovaria retusa TC Cambarus friaufi T --
Ring Pink T -- Hairy Crayfish T --
E -- S --
Pegias fabula E -- Cambarus parvoculus E --
Littlewing Pearlymussel S -- Mountain Midget Crayfish E --
T -- T --
Plethobasus cooperianus E LE Cambarus veteranus T --
Orangefoot Pimpleback T -- Big Sandy Crayfish E --
S --
Plethobasus cyphyus Crangonyx caecus
Sheepnose An Amphipod

Pleurobema clava Crangonyx castellanum
Clubshell An Amphipod

Pleurobema oviforme Crangonyx lewisi
Tennessee Clubshell Lewis Cave Amphipod

Pleurobema plenum Crangonyx longidactylus
Rough Pigtoe An Amphipod

Pleurobema rubrum Crangonyx specus
Pyramid Pigtoe An Amphipod

Potamilus capax Gammarus bousfieldi
Fat Pocketbook Bousfield's Amphipod

Potamilus purpuratus Macrobrachium ohione
Bleufer Ohio Shrimp

Ptychobranchus subtentum Orconectes barri
Fluted Kidneyshell Cumberland Plateau Cave Crayfish

Quadrula cylindrica cylindrica Orconectes bisectus
Rabbitsfoot Crittenden Crayfish

Simpsonaias ambigua Orconectes burri
Salamander Mussel Burr Crayfish

Toxolasma lividus Orconectes inermis inermis
Purple Lilliput Ghost Crayfish

Toxolasma texasiensis Orconectes jeffersoni
Texas Lilliput Louisville Crayfish

Villosa lienosa Orconectes lancifer
Little Spectaclecase Shrimp Crayfish

Villosa ortmanni Orconectes margorectus
Kentucky Creekshell Livingston Crayfish

Villosa trabalis Orconectes packardi
Cumberland Bean Appalachian Cave Crayfish

Villosa vanuxemensis vanuxemensis Orconectes palmeri palmeri
Mountain Creekshell Gray-Speckled Crayfish

Crustaceans Orconectes pellucidus
Mammoth Cave Crayfish

Table 1. Continued.

Orconectes ronaldi Status Gomphus hybridus Status
Mud River Crayfish KSNPC US Cocoa Clubtail KSNPC US

Palaemonias ganteri T -- Habrophlebiodes celeteria E --
Mammoth Cave Shrimp E LE A Leptophlebiid Mayfly H --
T -- S --
Procambarus viaeviridis E -- Hansonoperla hokolesqua S --
Vernal Crayfish T -- Splendid Stone H --
S -- E --
Pseudocandona jeanneli Litobrancha recurvata S --
Jeannel's Cave Ostracod T -- A Burrowing Mayfly S --
S -- E --
Sagittocythere stygia T -- Lordithon niger E --
An Ectocommensal Ostracod E -- Black Lordithon Rove Beetle E --
T -- H --
Stygobromus vitreus T -- Lytrosis permagnaria H --
An Amphipod T -- A Geometrid Moth T --
T -- E --
Insects T -- Maccaffertium bednariki E --
T -- A Heptageniid Mayfly E --
Acroneuria hitchcocki T -- E --
Kentucky Stone E -- Manophylax butleri T --
E -- A Limnephilid Caddisfly E --
Acroneuria kosztarabi E -- H --
Virginia Stone H -- Mesamia stramineus T --
H -- Helianthus Leafhopper H --
Allocapnia cunninghami H -- H --
Karst Snowfly T -- Nannothemis bella E --
T -- Elfin Skimmer T --
Amphiagrion saucium S -- T --
Eastern Red Damsel Nehalennia irene
Sedge Sprite
Arigomphus maxwelli
Bayou Clubtail Nixe flowersi
A Heptageniid Mayfly
Arrhopalites altus
A Cave Obligate Springtail Ophiogomphus aspersus
Brook Snaketail
Arrhopalites bimus
A Cave Obligate Springtail Ophiogomphus howei
Pygmy Snaketail
Batriasymmodes quisnamus
A Cave Obligate Beetle Ophiogomphus mainensis
Maine Snaketail
Batrisodes henroti
A Cave Obligate Beetle Papaipema beeriana
Blazing Star Stem Borer
Batrisodes hubrichti
A Cave Obligate Beetle Papaipema eryngii
Rattlesnake-master Borer Moth
Calephelis borealis
Northern Metalmark Papaipema silphii
Silphium Borer Moth
Calephelis muticum
Swamp Metalmark Papaipema sp. 5
Rare Cane Borer Moth
Callophrys irus
Frosted Elfin Papaipema speciosissima
Osmunda Borer Moth
Calopteryx dimidiata
Sparkling Jewelwing Phyciodes batesii
Tawny Crescent
Celithemis verna
Double-ringed Pennant Poanes viator
Broad-winged Skipper
Cheumatopsyche helma
Helma's Net-spinning Caddisfly Polygonia faunus
Green Comma
Dannella provonshai
An Ephemerellid Mayfly Polygonia progne
Gray Comma
Dryobius sexnotatus
Six-banded Longhorn Beetle Prairiana kansana
A Cicadellid Leafhopper
Erora laeta
Early Hairstreak Pseudanophthalmus abditus
Concealed Cave Beetle
Euphyes dukesi
Dukes' Skipper Pseudanophthalmus audax
Bold Cave Beetle

Table 1. Continued.

Pseudanophthalmus caecus Status Satyrium favonius ontario Status
Clifton Cave Beetle KSNPC US Northern Oak Hairstreak KSNPC US

Pseudanophthalmus calcareus TC Soyedina calcarea S --
Limestone Cave Beetle T -- A Stonefly E --
E -- H --
Pseudanophthalmus catoryctos T -- Speyeria idalia E --
Lesser Adams Cave Beetle T -- Regal Fritillary E --
S -- T --
Pseudanophthalmus cnephosus H -- Stylurus notatus H --
A Cave Obligate Beetle TC Elusive Clubtail T --
T --
Pseudanophthalmus conditus S -- Stylurus scudderi T --
Hidden Cave Beetle T -- Zebra Clubtail T --
T -- T --
Pseudanophthalmus elongatus T -- Tomocerus missus S --
A Cave Obligate Beetle TC A Cave Obligate Springtail T --
E -- S --
Pseudanophthalmus exoticus T -- Traverella lewisi T --
Exotic Cave Beetle T -- A Leptophlebiid Mayfly S --
T -- T --
Pseudanophthalmus frigidus T -- Tychobythinus hubrichti T --
Icebox Cave Beetle T -- A Cave Obligate Beetle T --
S -- T --
Pseudanophthalmus globiceps T -- Other Invertebrates T --
Round-headed Cave Beetle S -- S --
TC Belba bulbipedata T --
Pseudanophthalmus horni S -- A Cave Obligate Mite T --
Garman's Cave Beetle H -- T --
S -- Galumna alata T --
Pseudanophthalmus hypolithos A Cave Obligate Mite
Ashcamp Cave Beetle
Geocentrophora cavernicola
Pseudanophthalmus inexpectatus A Cave Obligate Planarian
Surprising Cave Beetle
Hesperonemastoma inops
Pseudanophthalmus major A Cave Obligate Harvestman
Beaver Cave Beetle
Kleptochthonius attenuatus
Pseudanophthalmus parvus A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion
Tatum Cave Beetle
Kleptochthonius cerberus
Pseudanophthalmus pholeter A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion
Greater Adams Cave Beetle
Kleptochthonius erebicus
Pseudanophthalmus pubescens intrepidus A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion
A Cave Obligate Beetle
Kleptochthonius hageni
Pseudanophthalmus puteanus A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion
Old Well Cave Beetle
Kleptochthonius hubrichti
Pseudanophthalmus rogersae A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion
Rogers' Cave Beetle
Kleptochthonius microphthalmus
Pseudanophthalmus scholasticus A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion
Scholarly Cave Beetle
Macrocheles stygius
Pseudanophthalmus simulans A Cave Obligate Mite
Cub Run Cave Beetle
Macrocheles troglodytes
Pseudanophthalmus solivagus A Cave Obligate Mite
A Cave Obligate Beetle
Pseudotremia amphiorax
Pseudanophthalmus tenebrosus A Cave Obligate Milliped
Stevens Creek Cave Beetle
Pseudotremia carterensis
Pseudanophthalmus transfluvialis A Cave Obligate Milliped
A Cave Obligate Beetle
Pseudotremia merops
Pseudanophthalmus troglodytes A Cave Obligate Milliped
Louisville Cave Beetle
Pseudotremia spira
Pseudosinella espanita A Cave Obligate Milliped
A Cave Obligate Springtail
Pseudotremia unca
Raptoheptagenia cruentata A Cave Obligate Milliped
A Heptageniid Mayfly
Sphalloplana buchanani
Rasvena terna A Cave Obligate Planarian
Vermont Sallfly

Table 1. Continued.

Tyrannochthonius hypogeus Status Etheostoma tecumsehi Status
A Cave Obligate Pseudoscorpion KSNPC US Shawnee Darter KSNPC US

Fishes S -- Fundulus chrysotus S --
Golden Topminnow E --
Acipenser fulvescens E -- E --
Lake Sturgeon E -- Fundulus dispar E --
S -- Starhead Topminnow E --
Alosa alabamae E -- S --
Alabama Shad E -- Hemitremia flammea E --
T LT Flame Chub S --
Amblyopsis spelaea E -- T --
Northern Cavefish S -- Hybognathus hayi T --
E -- Cypress Minnow S --
Ammocrypta clara T -- T --
Western Sand Darter S -- Hybognathus placitus E --
E LE Plains Minnow E --
Atractosteus spatula S -- T --
Alligator Gar E -- Hybopsis amnis S --
E LE Pallid Shiner E --
Chrosomus cumberlandensis E -- E --
Blackside Dace T -- Ichthyomyzon castaneus T --
E -- Chestnut Lamprey E --
Cyprinella camura E -- S --
Bluntface Shiner T -- Ichthyomyzon fossor E LE
E -- Northern Brook Lamprey S --
Cyprinella venusta S -- T --
Blacktail Shiner TC Ichthyomyzon greeleyi E --
E LE Mountain Brook Lamprey E --
Erimystax insignis E -- E --
Blotched Chub Ictiobus niger
Black Buffalo
Erimyzon sucetta
Lake Chubsucker Lampetra appendix
American Brook Lamprey
Esox niger
Chain Pickerel Lampetra sp. 1
Undescribed Terrapin Creek brook lamprey
Etheostoma chienense
Relict Darter Lepomis marginatus
Dollar Sunfish
Etheostoma cinereum
Ashy Darter Lepomis miniatus
Redspotted Sunfish
Etheostoma fusiforme
Swamp Darter Lota lota
Burbot
Etheostoma lemniscatum
Tuxedo Darter Macrhybopsis gelida
Sturgeon Chub
Etheostoma lynceum
Brighteye Darter Macrhybopsis meeki
Sicklefin Chub
Etheostoma maculatum
Spotted Darter Menidia beryllina
Inland Silverside
Etheostoma microlepidum
Smallscale Darter Moxostoma poecilurum
Blacktail Redhorse
Etheostoma parvipinne
Goldstripe Darter Nocomis biguttatus
Hornyhead Chub
Etheostoma proeliare
Cypress Darter Notropis albizonatus
Palezone Shiner
Etheostoma pyrrhogaster
Firebelly Darter Notropis hudsonius
Spottail Shiner
Etheostoma sagitta sagitta
Cumberland Arrow Darter Notropis maculatus
Taillight Shiner
Etheostoma sagitta spilotum
Kentucky Arrow Darter Notropis sp. 4
Sawfin Shiner
Etheostoma susanae
Cumberland Darter Noturus exilis
Slender Madtom
Etheostoma swaini
Gulf Darter Noturus hildebrandi
Least Madtom

Table 1. Continued.

Noturus phaeus Status Eumeces anthracinus Status
Brown Madtom KSNPC US Coal Skink KSNPC US

Noturus stigmosus E -- Eumeces inexpectatus T --
Northern Madtom S -- Southeastern Five-lined Skink S --
E -- S --
Percina macrocephala E -- Farancia abacura reinwardtii S --
Longhead Darter S -- Western Mud Snake T --
S -- E --
Percina squamata S -- Lampropeltis triangulum elapsoides S --
Olive Darter E LE Scarlet Kingsnake E --
S -- T --
Percopsis omiscomaycus S -- Macrochelys temminckii E --
Trout-perch T -- Alligator Snapping Turtle T --
T --
Phenacobius uranops E -- Nerodia cyclopion S --
Stargazing Minnow E -- Green Water Snake
T -- S --
Platygobio gracilis S -- Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta E --
Flathead Chub S -- Copperbelly Water Snake E --
S -- S --
Scaphirhynchus albus S -- Nerodia fasciata confluens E --
Pallid Sturgeon E -- Broad-banded Water Snake T --
S -- T --
Thoburnia atripinnis S -- Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus E --
Blackfin Sucker Eastern Slender Glass Lizard E --
S -- H --
Typhlichthys subterraneus T -- Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus H --
Southern Cavefish T -- Northern Pine Snake S --
S -- E --
Umbra limi Sistrurus miliarius streckeri
Central Mudminnow Western Pygmy Rattlesnake

Amphibians Thamnophis proximus proximus
Western Ribbon Snake
Amphiuma tridactylum
Three-toed Amphiuma Thamnophis sauritus sauritus
Eastern Ribbon Snake
Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis
Eastern Hellbender Breeding Birds

Eurycea guttolineata Accipiter striatus
Three-lined Salamander Sharp-shinned Hawk

Hyla avivoca Actitis macularius
Bird-voiced Treefrog Spotted Sandpiper

Hyla gratiosa Aimophila aestivalis
Barking Treefrog Bachman's Sparrow

Hyla versicolor Ammodramus henslowii
Gray Treefrog Henslow's Sparrow

Plethodon cinereus Anas clypeata
Redback Salamander Northern Shoveler

Plethodon wehrlei Anas discors
Wehrle's Salamander Blue-winged Teal

Rana areolata circulosa Ardea alba
Northern Crawfish Frog Great Egret

Rana pipiens Asio flammeus
Northern Leopard Frog Short-eared Owl

Reptiles Asio otus
Long-eared Owl
Apalone mutica mutica
Midland Smooth Softshell Bartramia longicauda
Upland Sandpiper
Chrysemys dorsalis
Southern Painted Turtle Botaurus lentiginosus
American Bittern
Clonophis kirtlandii
Kirtland's Snake Bubulcus ibis
Cattle Egret
Elaphe guttata
Corn Snake Certhia americana
Brown Creeper

Table 1. Continued.

Chondestes grammacus Status Riparia riparia Status
Lark Sparrow KSNPC US Bank Swallow KSNPC US

Circus cyaneus T -- Sitta canadensis S --
Northern Harrier T -- Red-breasted Nuthatch E --
S -- T LE
Cistothorus platensis T -- Sternula antillarum athalassos S --
Sedge Wren S -- Interior Least Tern S --
T -- T --
Corvus corax S -- Thryomanes bewickii S --
Common Raven E -- Bewick's Wren S --
E --
Corvus ossifragus E -- Tyto alba
Fish Crow E -- Barn Owl
E --
Dendroica fusca T -- Vermivora chrysoptera
Blackburnian Warbler T -- Golden-winged Warbler
S --
Dolichonyx oryzivorus T -- Vireo bellii
Bobolink S -- Bell's Vireo
T --
Egretta caerulea T -- Wilsonia canadensis
Little Blue Heron T -- Canada Warbler
S --
Egretta thula S -- Mammals S --
Snowy Egret T -- S --
S -- Clethrionomys gapperi maurus E LE
Empidonax minimus E -- Kentucky Red-backed Vole S --
Least Flycatcher E --
Corynorhinus rafinesquii T LE
Falco peregrinus Rafinesque's Big-eared Bat T --
Peregrine Falcon E LE
Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus S --
Fulica americana Virginia Big-eared Bat T --
American Coot S --
Mustela nivalis E --
Gallinula chloropus Least Weasel S --
Common Moorhen S --
Myotis austroriparius
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Southeastern Myotis
Bald Eagle
Myotis grisescens
Ictinia mississippiensis Gray Myotis
Mississippi Kite
Myotis leibii
Ixobrychus exilis Eastern Small-footed Myotis
Least Bittern
Myotis sodalis
Junco hyemalis Indiana Bat
Dark-eyed Junco
Nycticeius humeralis
Lophodytes cucullatus Evening Bat
Hooded Merganser
Peromyscus gossypinus
Nyctanassa violacea Cotton Mouse
Yellow-crowned Night-heron
Sorex cinereus
Nycticorax nycticorax Cinereus Shrew
Black-crowned Night-heron
Sorex dispar blitchi
Pandion haliaetus Long-tailed Shrew
Osprey
Spilogale putorius
Passerculus sandwichensis Eastern Spotted Skunk
Savannah Sparrow
Ursus americanus
Phalacrocorax auritus American Black Bear
Double-crested Cormorant
1 Species without English (common) names have not been
Pheucticus ludovicianus assigned official names.
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
E --
Podilymbus podiceps
Pied-billed Grebe E --

Pooecetes gramineus
Vesper Sparrow

Rallus elegans
King Rail

Table 1. Continued. Status
KSNPC US
Status
KSNPC US

Natural communities

Acid seep/bog S --
Appalachian seep/bog T --
Bluegrass mesophytic cane forest E --
Bluegrass woodland E --
Bottomland hardwood forest S --
Bottomland lake S --
Bottomland marsh T --
Bottomland ridge/terrace forest E --
Bottomland slough T --
Calcareous seep/bog E --
Coastal Plain forested acid seep E --
Coastal Plain mesophytic cane forest T --
Coastal Plain slough T --
Cumberland highlands forest E --
Cumberland Mountains pitch pine woodland E --
Cumberland Plateau gravel/cobble bar E --
Cumberland Plateau sandstone glade E --
Cypress (tupelo) swamp E --
Dolomite glade E --
Limestone barrens (open woodland) T --
Limestone flat rock glade E --
Limestone slope glade S --
Limestone/dolomite prairie E --
Sand bar S --
Sandstone barrens (open woodland) E --
Sandstone prairie E --
Shawnee Hills sandstone glade T --
Shrub swamp T --
Sinkhole/depression marsh E --
Sinkhole/depression pond T --
Tallgrass prairie E --
Wet bottomland hardwood forest T --
Wet depression/sinkhole forest T --
Wet meadow E --
Wet prairie E --
Xerohydric flatwoods E --

Table 2. Plants and animals presumed extinct or extirpated from Kentucky.

Plants US Status 1 Epioblasma biemarginata US Status 1
Angled Riffleshell --
Vascular Plants -- --
-- Epioblasma cincinnatiensis --
Anemone canadensis -- Cincinnati Riffleshell LE
Canada Anemone -- --
-- Epioblasma flexuosa --
Argyrochosma dealbata -- Leafshell LE
Powdery Cloakfern -- --
-- Epioblasma florentina florentina --
Callirhoe alcaeoides -- Yellow Blossom --
Clustered Poppy-mallow -- --
-- Epioblasma haysiana LE
Caltha palustris var. palustris -- Acornshell LE
Marsh Marigold -- LE
-- Epioblasma lewisii C
Coeloglossum viride -- Forkshell LE
Long-bract Green Orchis -- LE
-- Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua --
Coeloglossum viride var. virescens -- White Catspaw LE
Long-bract Green Orchis --
-- Epioblasma personata LE
Cypripedium reginae -- Round Combshell --
Showy Lady's-slipper
-- Epioblasma propinqua --
Dryopteris ludoviciana Tennessee Riffleshell C
Southern Shield Wood Fern --
Epioblasma sampsonii --
Hydrocotyle americana Wabash Riffleshell --
American Water-pennywort
Epioblasma stewardsonii
Lysimachia fraseri Cumberland Leafshell
Fraser's Loosestrife
Epioblasma torulosa torulosa
Lysimachia radicans Tubercled Blossom
Trailing Loosestrife
Hemistena lata
Monarda punctata Cracking Pearlymussel
Spotted Bee-balm
Leptodea leptodon
Orbexilum stipulatum Scaleshell
Stipuled Scurf-pea
Lexingtonia dolabelloides
Pedicularis lanceolata Slabside Pearlymussel
Swamp Lousewort
Plethobasus cicatricosus
Physostegia intermedia White Wartyback
Slender Dragon-head
Quadrula fragosa
Plantago cordata Winged Mapleleaf
Heart-leaved Plantain
Quadrula tuberosa
Polytaenia nuttallii Rough Rockshell
Prairie Parsley
Villosa fabalis
Pyrola americana Rayed Bean
American Wintergreen
Insects
Saxifraga pensylvanica
Swamp Saxifrage Nicrophorus americanus
American Burying Beetle
Scirpus microcarpus
Small-fruit Bulrush Pentagenia robusta
Robust Pentagenian Burrowing Mayfly
Xerophyllum asphodeloides
Eastern Turkeybeard Fishes

Animals Ammocrypta vivax
Scaly Sand Darter
Freshwater Mussels
Crystallaria cincotta
Epioblasma arcaeformis Diamond Darter
Sugarspoon
Erimystax x-punctatus
Gravel Chub

Etheostoma microperca
Least Darter

Ichthyomyzon gagei
Southern Brook Lamprey

Table 2. Plants and animals presumed extinct or extirpated from Kentucky.

US Status 1 US Status 1
--
Moxostoma lacerum --
Harelip Sucker --

Moxostoma valenciennesi --
Greater Redhorse
--
Percina burtoni LE
Blotchside Logperch --
--
Reptiles --
--
Masticophis flagellum flagellum LE
Coachwhip --
LE
Breeding Birds
--
Anhinga anhinga LE
Anhinga
--
Campephilus principalis --
Ivory-billed Woodpecker LE
LE
Chlidonias niger
Black Tern

Conuropsis carolinensis
Carolina Parakeet

Ectopistes migratorius
Passenger Pigeon

Elanoides forficatus
Swallow-tailed Kite

Picoides borealis
Red-cockaded Woodpecker

Tympanuchus cupido
Greater Prairie-chicken

Vermivora bachmanii
Bachman's Warbler

Non-Breeding Birds

Cygnus buccinator
Trumpeter Swan

Grus americana
Whooping Crane

Mammals

Bos bison
American Bison

Canis lupus
Gray Wolf

Canis rufus
Red Wolf

Puma concolor couguar
Eastern Cougar

1 The US Status provided here refers to the current status of the taxon under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (USESA) as interpreted
for its range within the state of Kentucky.

Status Designations
(KSNPC) Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission
Endangered (E). A taxon or natural community in danger of extirpation and/or extinction throughout all or a significant part
of its range in Kentucky.
Threatened (T). A taxon or natural community likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant part of its range in Kentucky.
Special Concern (S). A taxon or natural community that should be monitored because (1) it exists in a limited geographic area
in Kentucky, (2) it may become threatened or endangered due to modification or destruction of habitat, (3) certain
characteristics or requirements make it especially vulnerable to specific pressures, (4) experienced researchers have identified
other factors that may jeopardize it, or (5) it is thought to be rare or declining in Kentucky but insufficient information exists
for assignment to the threatened or endangered status categories.
Historical (H). A taxon or natural community that has not been reliably reported in Kentucky since 1990 but is not considered
extinct or extirpated---see next designation.
Extinct/Extirpated. A taxon for which habitat loss has been pervasive and/or concerted efforts by knowledgeable biologists to
collect or observe specimens within appropriate habitat have failed. Extinct species are those that have been eliminated
throughout their entire range and extirpated species are those that have been eliminated from a jurisdiction (i.e., nation or
state/province).

(US) Endangered Species Act of 1973
Federal statuses are defined below. Non-breeding birds with a federal status occurring as a migrant or visitor in Kentucky (e.g.,
Charadrius melodus, Mycteria americana) are not included within this list.
Endangered (LE). ". . . a species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range .." (USFWS
2010a).
Threatened (LT). ". . . a species likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a
significant portion of its range." (USFWS 2010a).
Candidate (C). Taxa for which the USFWS has “. . . sufficient information on biological status and threats to propose them as
endangered or threatened" (USFWS 2010b).
Proposed Endangered (PE). “Species proposed for official listing as endangered.” (USFWS 2010a)
Proposed Threatened (PT). “Species proposed for official listing as threatened.” (USFWS 2010a)
(Note: no natural communities have been assigned a federal status).

Nomenclature Sources
Sources consulted for the plant and lichen names are: Anderson (1990); Jones (2005); and Esslinger (2009). Sources consulted
for the common and scientific names of animals are as follows: gastropods - Hubricht (1985); Turgeon et al. (1998) and
Minton and Lydeard (2003); freshwater mussels - Gordon (1995) and Turgeon et al. (1998); crustaceans - Barr (1968);
Holsinger (1972); Hobbs (1989); Zhang and Holsinger (2003); Taylor and Schuster (2004); McLaughlin et al. (2005); Taylor et
al. (2007); and Buhay and Crandall (2008); insects – Hodges (1983); Barr (1996; 2004); McCafferty (1996); Stark et al.
(1998); Needham et al. (2000); Westfall and May (2006); Pelham (2008); NatureServe (2010a); and Morse (2010); fishes -
Page and Burr (1991); Nelson et al. (2004), Blanton and Jenkins (2008); Welsh and Wood (2008); Strange and Mayden (2009);
and USFWS (2010a); amphibians and reptiles - King and Burke (1989); Collins and Taggart (2002); and Crother (2008);
breeding birds - AOU (1998); mammals - Hall (1981), Jones et al. (1992), and Wilson and Reeder (1993).

Acknowledgements
We would like to extend our appreciation to the following contributors: Brainard Palmer-Ball, Jr. (Kentucky State Nature
Preserves Commission, retired), Jerry and Carol Baskin, Thomas C. Barr, Jr. (University of Kentucky, Emeritus), Robert S.
Butler and Michael A. Floyd (United States Fish and Wildlife Service), Julian N. Campbell, Ronald R. Cicerello (Kentucky
State Nature Preserves Commission, retired), H. Carl Cook, Charles V. Covell, Jr. (McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and
Biodiversity), Dan Dourson (Belize Foundation for Research and Environmental Education), David J. Eisenhower and Alan
Risk (Morehead State University), Marc Evans (Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission, retired), Loran D. Gibson,
Scott A. Grubbs (Western Kentucky University), Ron Jones (Eastern Kentucky University), James D. Kiser (Stantec
Consulting), James B. Layzer (Tennessee Technological University), Julian J. Lewis (Lewis and Associates LLC), Christopher
Lorentz (Thomas More College), John R. MacGregor, Monte McGregor, and Matthew R. Thomas (Kentucky Department of
Fish and Wildlife Resources), William Martin (Eastern Kentucky University, Emeritus), Landon McKinney, John G. Petranka
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), Guenter A. Schuster (Eastern Kentucky University, Emeritus),
Christopher A. Taylor (Illinois Natural History Survey), Matthew R. Thomas (Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife
Resources), and Mark J. Vogel (Kentucky Division of Water).

Literature Cited
Anderson, L. E., H. A. Crum, and W. R. Buck. 1990. List of the mosses of North America north of Mexico. The Bryologist

93:448-499.
[AOU] American Ornithologists' Union. 1998. Check-list of North American birds. 7th edition. American Ornithologists’ Union,

Washington, DC.
Barr, T. C., Jr. 1968. Ecological studies in the Mammoth Cave system of Kentucky I - the biota. International Journal of

Speleology 3:147-204.
Barr, T. C., Jr. 1996. Cave beetle status survey and prelisting recovery project. Report prepared for the United States Fish and

Wildlife Service and the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, KY.
Blanton, R. E. and R. E. Jenkins. 2008. Three new darter species of the Etheostoma percnurum species complex (Percidae,

subgenus Catonotus) from the Tennessee and Cumberland river drainages. Zootaxa 1963:1-24.
Branson, B. A., D. F. Harker, J. M. Baskin, M. E. Medley, D. L. Batch, M. L. Warren, W. H. Davis, W. C. Houtcooper, B.

Monroe, L. R. Phillippe, and P. Cupp. 1981. Endangered, threatened, and rare animals and plants of Kentucky.
Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 42:77-89.
Braun, E. L. 1935. The vegetation of Pine Mountain, Kentucky: an analysis of the influence of soils and slope exposure as
determined by geological structure. American Midland Naturalist 16:517-565.
Braun, E. L. 1950. Deciduous forests of eastern North America. Blakiston Publishers, Philadelphia, PA.
Buhay, J. E., and K. A. Crandall. 2008. Taxonomic revision of cave crayfishes in the genus Orconectes, Subgenus Orconectes
(Decapoda: Cambaridae) along the Cumberland Plateau, including a description of a new species, Orconectes barri.
Journal of Crustacean Biology 28:57-67.
Collins, J. T., and T. W. Taggart. 2002. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians, turtles,
reptiles, and crocodilians. 5th edition. The Center for North American Herpetology, Lawrence, KS.
Cowardin, L. M., V. Carter, F. C. Golet, and E. T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United
States. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., Northern Prairie Wildlife
Research Center, Jamestown, ND.
Crother, B. I., 2008. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with
comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. Society for the Study of Amphibians and
Reptiles, Herpetological Circulars 37:1-94.
Esslinger, T. L. 2009. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United
States and Canada. North Dakota State University: www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm.
Accessed March 31, 2010.
Fleming, G. P., P. P. Coulling, K. D. Patterson, and K. Taverna. 2006. The natural communities of Virginia: classification of
ecological community groups. Second approximation. Version 2.2. Virginia Department of Conservation and
Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, Richmond, VA. www.dcr.virginia.gov/natural_heritage/ncintro.shtml.
Accessed March 31, 2010.
Gordon, M. E. 1995. Anodontoides denigratus (Lea) (Bivalvia: Unionoida) from the upper Cumberland River system. Report
submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Asheville, NC.
Grossman D. H., D. Faber-Langendoen, A. S. Weakley, M. Anderson, P. Bourgeron, R. Crawford, K. Goodin, S. Landaal, K.
Metzler, K. D. Patterson, M. Pyne, M. Reid, and L. Sneddon. 1998. International classification of ecological
communities: terrestrial vegetation of the United States. Volume I, The National Vegetation Classification System:
development, status, and applications. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, VA.
Hall, E.R. 1981. The mammals of North America. 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Hodges, R. W., T. Dominick, D. R. Davis, D. C. Ferguson, J. G. Franclemont, E. G. Munroe, J. A. Powell (eds). 1983. Check list
of the Lepidoptera of America North of Mexico. E.W. Classey Ltd. and The Wedge Entomological Research
Foundation, London.
Hobbs, H. H. Jr. 1989. An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae & Parastacidae).
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 480:1-236.
Holsinger, J.R. 1972. The freshwater amphipod crustaceans (Gammaridae) of North America. Water Pollution Control Research
Series 18050 ELD04/72. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hooper, D. U., F. S. Chapin, J. J. Ewel, A. Hector, P. Inchausti, S. Lavorel, J. H. Lawton, D. M. Lodge, M. Loreau, S. Naeem, B.
Schmid, H. Setala, A. J. Symstad, J., Vandermeer, and D. A. Wardle. 2005. Effect of biodiversity on ecosystem
functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Ecological Monographs 75:3-35.
Hubricht, L. 1985. The distributions of the native land mollusks of the eastern United States. Fieldiana 24:1-191.
Jones, J. K., Jr., R. S. Hoffmann, D. W. Rice, C. Jones, R. J. Baker, and M. D. Engstrom. 1992. Revised checklist of North
American mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University 146.
Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky. The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
King, W. F., and R. L. Burke (eds). 1989. Crocodilian, tuatara, and turtle species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic
reference. Association of Systematics Collections, Washington, DC.
[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 1991. Kentucky Ecological Communities. Frankfort, KY.
[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 1996. Rare and extirpated plants and animals of Kentucky. Transactions
of the Kentucky Academy of Science 57:69-91.

[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 1997. Rare and extirpated plants and animals of Kentucky: 1997
update. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 58:96-99.

[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 1999. Rare and extirpated plants and animals of Kentucky: 1999
update. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 60:124-126.

[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 2000. Rare and extirpated plants and animals of Kentucky: 2000
update. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 61:115-132.

[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 2001. Endangered, threatened, special concern, and historical biota of
Kentucky. Available at http://naturepreserves.ky.gov/pubs/Pages/reports.aspx.

[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 2004. Endangered, threatened, special concern, and historical biota of
Kentucky. Available at http://naturepreserves.ky.gov/pubs/Pages/reports.aspx.

[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 2005. Endangered, threatened, special concern, and historical biota of
Kentucky. Available at http://naturepreserves.ky.gov/pubs/Pages/reports.aspx.

[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 2009. Natural communities of Kentucky. Working draft. Frankfort, KY.
[KSNPC] Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission. 2010. Kentucky natural heritage database. Frankfort, KY.
McCafferty, W.P. 1996. The Ephemeroptera species of North America and index to their complete nomenclature. Transactions

of the American Entomological Society 122:1-54.
McLaughlin, P.A., D. K. Camp, M. V. Angel, E. L. Bousfield, P. Brunel, R. C. Brusca, D. Cadien, A. C. Cohen, K. Conlan, L.

G. Eldredge, D. L. Felder, J. W. Goy, T. Haney, B. Hann, R. W. Heard, E. A. Hendrycks, H. H. Hobbs III, J. R.
Holsinger, B. Kensley, D. R. Laubitz, S. E. LeCroy, R. Lemaitre, R. F. Maddocks, J. W. Martin, P. Mikkelsen, E.
Nelson, W. A. Newman, R. M. Overstreet, W. J. Poly, W. W. Price, J. W. Reid, A. Robertson, D. C. Rogers, A. Ross,
M. Schotte, F. Schram, C. Shih, L. Watling, G. D. F. Wilson, and D. D. Turgeon. 2005. Common and scientific names
of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Crustaceans. American Fisheries Society, Special
Publication 31.
Minton, R. L., and C. Lydeard. 2003. Phylogeny, taxonomy, genetics and global heritage
ranks of an imperiled, freshwater snail genus Lithasia (Pleuroceridae). Molecular Biology 2003:75-87
Morse, J. C. (ed). 2010. Trichoptera World Checklist. http://entweb.clemson.edu/database/trichopt/index.htm. Accessed 29
March 2010.
NatureServe. 2010a. Core heritage methodology training manual. NatureServe, Arlington, VA.
NatureServe. 2010b. NatureServe Explorer Worldwide Web database. www.natureserve.org/explorer. Accessed several times
from February to April of 2010.
Needham, J. G., M. J. Westfall, Jr., and M. L. May. 2000. Dragonflies of North America. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL.
Nelson, J. S., E. J. Crossman, H. Espinosa-Pérez, L. T. Findley, C. R. Gilbert, R. N. Lea and J. D. Williams. 2004. Common and
scientific names of fishes from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. 6th edition. American Fisheries Society,
Special Publication 29, Bethesda, MD.
Nelson, P. W. 2007. The terrestrial natural communities of Missouri. Missouri Natural Areas Committee, Jefferson City, MO.
Page, L.M., and B.M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin,
Boston, MA.
Pelham, J. P. 2008. A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada with a complete bibliography of the descriptive
and systematic literature. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, Volume 40.
Poff, N. L., J. D. Olden, D. M. Merritt, and D. M. Pepin. 2007. Homogenization of regional river dynamics by dams and global
biodiversity implications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104:5732-5737.
Stark, B. P., K. W. Stewart, S. W. Szczytko, and R. W. Baumann. 1998. Common names of stoneflies (Plecoptera) from the
United States and Canada. Ohio Biological Survey Notes 1:1-18.
Strange, R. M., and R. L. Mayden. 2009. Phylogenetic relationships and a revised taxonomy for North American cyprinids
currently assigned to Phoxinus. Copeia 2009:494-501.
Taylor, C. A., and G. A. Schuster. 2004. The crayfishes of Kentucky. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 28.
Taylor, C. A., G. A. Schuster, J. E. Cooper, R. L. DiStefano, A. G. Eversole, P. Hamr, H. H. Hobbs III, H. W. Robison, C. E.
Skelton, and R. F. Thoma. 2007. A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes after 10+ years of increased
awareness. Fisheries 32: 372-389.
Turgeon, D. D., J. F. Quinn, A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, F. G. Hochberg, W. G. Lyons, P. M. Mikkelsen, R. J. Neves, C. F. E.
Roper, G. Rosenberg, B. Roth, A. Scheltema, F. G. Thompson, M. Vecchione, and J. D. Williams. 1998. Common
and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd edition. American
Fisheries Society Special Publication 26, Bethesda, MD.
[USFWS] United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010a. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. Department of the
Interior, Washington, DC. www.fws.gov/endangered/about/listing-status-codes.html
[USFWS] United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010b. List of candidate species. Department of the Interior, Washington, DC.
http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/SpeciesReport.do?listingType=C&mapstatus=1 Accessed Dec 17, 2010.
Vaughn, C. 2010. Biodiversity losses and ecosystem function in freshwater: emerging conclusions and research directions.
Bioscience 60:25-35.

Warren, M. L., Jr., W. H. Davis, R. R. Hannan, M. Evans, D. L. Batch, B. D. Anderson, B. Palmer-Ball Jr., J. R. MacGregor, R.
R. Cicerello, R. Athey, B. A. Branson, G. J. Fallo, B. M. Burr, M. E. Medley, and J. M. Baskin. 1986. Endangered,
threatened, and rare plants and animals of Kentucky. Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science 47:83-98.

Welsh, S. A., and R. M. Wood. 2008. Crystallaria cincotta, a new species of darter (Teleostei: Percidae) from the Elk River of
the Ohio River drainage, West Virginia. Zootaxa 1680:62-68.

Westfall, M. J., Jr., and M. L. May. 2006. Damselflies of North America. Revised edition. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL.
Wilson, D. E., and D. M. Reeder (eds). 1993 Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 2nd edition.

Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Zhang, J., and J. R. Holsinger. 2003. Systematics of the freshwater amphipod genus Crangonyx (Crangonyctidae) in North

America. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Memoir Number 6.

Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission
801 Schenkel Lane

Frankfort, KY 40601-1403
Phone (502) 573-2886 Fax (502) 573-2355

http://naturepreserves.ky.gov