PROTECTING WISCONSIN'S BIODIVERSITY

 
 
   
 
Scientific Name Common Name Global Rank State Rank Federal Status WI Status

Northern Monkshood (Aconitum noveboracense)

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Photo by Kitty Kohout

 

Counties with Mapped NHI Occurrences

Northern Monkshood (Aconitum noveboracense), a Wisconsin and Federally Threatened plant, is found on moist, moss ledges and cliff bases with cold air drainage resulting in a cool soil environment. It is also found on partially shaded sandstone cliffs and talus slopes. Blooming occurs late-June through late-September and peaks in August, fruiting early-August through late-September. The optimal identification period for this species is late-June through late-September.

Aconitum columbianum ssp. columbianum, Aconitum columbianum ssp. pallidum, Aconitum columbianum var. ochroleucum, Aconitum infectum, Aconitum uncinatum ssp. noveboracense

 
 
 

Northern monkshood is a forb, 0.2-2.5m tall, mostly erect to relining or climbing. Tubers are 1-8cm long and 1.5cm thick. Its Inflorescence axis and pedicels have straight, spreading hairs 1mm in length. Its flowers are dark purple to blue (occasionally white), hooded, 2.5cm long borne at the top of the plant. The hood or helmet is 14-17mm long and 14-7mm in height, rounded and dome-like. Its follicule has 3 carpels, is dehiscent with each carpel opening along one seam at maturity. Leaves are broad and palmately divided into 5-7 lobes with each lobe deeply cleft or toothed and glabrous. Cauline leaves become smaller upward.

In flower, northern monkshood is likely to be confused only with Delphinium species. Monkshood can be distinguished from these species by its hooded sepals and commonly prostrate habit. Other cliff species that may be confused with northern monkshood include Aquilegia canadensis, which has smaller, more rounded leaves, and Sullivantia sullivantii, which has smaller leaves and not the sprawling habit of monkshood.

Blooming occurs late-June through late-September (peaks in August), fruiting early-August through late-September. Reproduction is primarily from collateral tubers that arise from the parent tuber, but also sometimes reproducing from below-ground aerial bulbels or adventious buds from lateral roots. Pollinated by bumblebees. Seeds are, in part, dispersed by water. Germination rate is variable and unpredictable, depending on year and location (locally and range-wide).

Perennial. The optimal time to identify this species is late-June through September.

All parts of this plant are deadly poisonous. Associated species include Tsuga canadensis, Pinus strobus, and Betula alleghaniensis.

Northern monkshood is found on moist, mossy ledges and cliff bases with cold air drainage resulting in a cool soil environment. It is also found on partially shaded sandstone cliffs and talus slopes.

Avoid broadcast spraying of herbicides and use care with spot spraying.

Avoid direct disturbance to sensitive microsites such as seeps, cliffs, and moss-covered boulders.

Follow BMPs, especially around streams and use care near ravines, steep slopes, cliffs, rock outcrops, etc.

Buffer management around unique microhabitats such as ephemeral ponds, seeps, etc.

Minimize disturbance to hydrology, including soil disturbance from rutting.

Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) are associated with habitats (or natural communities) and places on the landscape. Understanding relationships among SGCN, natural communities and ecological landscapes help us make decisions about issues affecting SGCN and their habitat and how to respond. Download the Wildlife Action Plan association score spreadsheet to explore rare species, natural communities and ecological landscape associations

Conservation actions respond to issues or threats, which adversely affect species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) or their habitats. Besides actions such as restoring wetlands or planting resilient tree species in northern communities, research, surveys and monitoring are also among conservation actions described in the Wisconsin Wildlife Action Plan because lack of information can threaten our ability to successfully preserve and care for natural resources.