Congo Ctenopoma - Ctenopoma congicum : Complete Fish Profile & Care Guide
Table of contents
Introduction
The Congo Ctenopoma (Ctenopoma congicum) is a captivating and relatively recent addition to the aquarium hobby. Despite its novelty, these fish display social behaviour and can thrive in a community tank, provided suitable tankmates are chosen. Keeping Congo Ctenopomas in pairs is advisable, as males may exhibit aggression and territoriality towards one another, particularly during spawning conditions. However, with ample hiding places and obscured lines of sight, maintaining multiple individuals together can be accomplished without issue.
While a species-only aquarium is preferable, these fish can coexist with other compatible species. Ideal tankmates include small, peaceful species occupying different aquarium regions, such as Tetras, Rasboras, killifish, and Hatchet fish. Selecting suitable tankmates will promote the visibility and confidence of the somewhat shy Congo Ctenopomas. It is important to avoid housing them with tiny fish or fry, as they may become prey and aggressive or boisterous larger species.
Creating an optimal habitat for Congo Ctenopomas entails establishing a well-established aquarium with a dark substrate and an abundance of hiding places provided by plants, driftwood, and smooth rocks. Incorporating floating plants can offer additional benefits, as they help diffuse light and create a sense of security for these timid fish. Efficient filtration and gentle water movement are recommended. Regular small, frequent partial water changes aid in maintaining low nitrate levels. While the Congo Ctenopoma can adapt to various water conditions, sudden and extreme changes should be avoided. These fish exhibit their most vibrant colours in soft, slightly acidic water. Enhancing the natural ambience can be achieved by adding dried Indian Almond leaves or similar leaf litter.
The Congo Ctenopoma showcases a captivating brownish-gold body adorned with mottled markings on its unpaired fins and sides. Six to eight narrow, dark, vertically separated bars further enhance its distinctive appearance. Notably, these fish possess flat tails and upturned mouths, adding to their unique characteristics and visual appeal.
Congo Ctenopoma Photos
Sexual Dimorphism
Distinguishing between the male and female Congo Ctenopomas can present a moderate challenge due to their closely resembling appearances. However, a key differentiating feature lies in the fin structure. Typically, males exhibit more pronounced and pointed fins compared to females. This subtle distinction serves as a useful visual cue in discerning between the sexes of these captivating fish.
Quick Facts
| Scientific Name | Ctenopoma congicum |
|---|---|
| Year Described | 1887 |
| Other Names | Congo Bushfish, Congo Climbing Perch |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Classification | Actinopterygii |
| Order | Anabantiformes |
| Family | Anabantidae |
| Genus | Microctenopoma |
| Origins | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Max Size | 6.5 cm |
| Temperament | Peaceful |
| Aquarium Level | Bottom - Middle |
| Difficulty | Intermediate |
| Shoaling | No |
| Best kept as | Pairs |
| Diet & Feeding | Carnivore |
| Reproduction | Bubble Nester |
| Average Lifespan | Up to 5 Years |
Water Parameters
| Water Type | Freshwater |
|---|---|
| pH | 5.5 - 7.5 |
| GH | 3 - 25 |
| ℉ | 72 - 82 |
|---|---|
| ℃ | 22 - 27 |
Natural Habitat
Embark on a fascinating journey to the heart of the lower and central Congo River Basin, where the Congo Ctenopomas reign supreme. These remarkable fish are endemic to this breathtaking region, found in the Chiloango River of Cabinda and the Ogowe River of Gabon in Africa.
Their natural habitat ranges from tranquil pools to picturesque lakes, mysterious lagoons, and verdant swamps; these fish have adapted to thrive in these unique environments. The waters may be oxygen-deprived, but they are teeming with life, providing a haven for these mesmerizing creatures. These aquatic sanctuaries are lined with dense vegetation, which offers a peaceful place of refuge for the Congo Ctenopomas.
Breeding
Breeding Congo Ctenopomas can present a moderate level of challenge, but it is indeed attainable with the right approach. Although there is limited documented information on their successful breeding, it is likely that they follow a similar reproductive pattern to other Ctenopoma species. To initiate the breeding process, a dedicated breeding tank should be established, featuring subdued lighting and abundant plant cover, including floating plants. Optimal conditions for spawning entail relatively soft and acidic water parameters. Conditioning the fish with a nutrient-rich diet consisting of live foods is essential to enhance their reproductive readiness.
Once the Congo Ctenopomas are primed for spawning, the male will construct a small, loosely arranged bubble nest among the floating vegetation or beneath a dense leaf. The actual spawning takes place underneath the nest, involving a characteristic anabantoid embrace. It is not uncommon for these fish to lay several hundred eggs during a single spawning event. Following the completion of egg deposition, the female should be promptly removed from the breeding tank, as the male will exhibit fervent nest-guarding behaviour.
The diligent male will continue tending to the nest and protecting the eggs until they hatch. Removing the parents from the tank at this point is advisable to prevent any potential harm to the fry. Approximately 24 hours after spawning, the eggs will hatch, and within two to three days, the fry will become free-swimming. Given their minuscule size, the initial diet for the fry should consist of infusoria. As they develop, they will gradually transition to microworms and baby brine shrimp for sustenance.
Diet & Feeding
In their natural habitat, Congo Ctenopomas exhibit predatory behavior, preying on live food sources. Nonetheless, transitioning them to accept alternative food options is a relatively straightforward process. To ensure a well-rounded diet, it is recommended to offer a variety of frozen and live foods, including prawns, mussels, bloodworms, and daphnia. Additionally, occasional live treats such as mealworms or earthworms can be beneficial. While these fish typically do not readily accept dried foods, some individuals may eventually learn to consume them.
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