Two new species of Erythroxylum endemic to the Espinhaço Range, in eastern Brazil, are described. Erythroxylum itan occurs in seasonal forest on hilltops in the Itacambiruçu River valley, in the Grão Mogol region of northern Minas Gerais, and E. kanga occurs in campo rupestre and cerrado vegetation along the Espinhaço Range, in the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. The new species are compared with morphologically similar species and illustrations and comments about distribution and habitat are provided. In addition, we present an updated list of Erythroxylum species from the Espinhaço Range.