Exceptional Plant Conservation Network

What are Exceptional Plants?

The EPCN is a global effort and will benefit from the input of all researchers who are working on conserving exceptional plants. To join the Exceptional Plant Conservation Network, click here to provide your information.

Threatened exceptional plants (TEPs)

Threatened exceptional plants (TEPs) pose significant challenges for conservation. These challenges were outlined in a Statement of Need, issued as the result of a workshop on conserving threatened exceptional plant species by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) and the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden on October 21, 2013, as part of the 5th Global Botanic Gardens Congress in Dunedin, New Zealand.

Exceptional Plants

Exceptional plants are those that cannot be conserved long-term using conventional seed banking methods. This includes species with recalcitrant seeds, with few or no seeds available for banking, or with short-lived seeds. Such species require alternative conservation technologies for ex-situ conservation, which rely heavily on cryobiotechnology and in vitro methods.

Exceptional plants were the focus of a Roundtable Discussion at the 6th Global Botanic Gardens Congress in Geneva, Switzerland, June 26-30, 2017, entitled: Advancing the ‘Exceptional Plant Conservation Network’: addressing challenges, making connections and taking action for species that cannot be conserved through conventional seed bank approaches. A summary of the Roundtable Discussion can be found here.

Exceptional Plant Conservation Network Directory

Search the network directory to find others working on species or in areas of interest. To contact a listed member, please send your contact information and who you would like to contact to [email protected], and your information and interest will be forwarded to that member to respond to your inquiry directly.

To join the network, please fill out this form.

Global Working List of Exceptional Plants

An initial list of 775 exceptional plants has been compiled using information from the Seed Information Database, the list of North American exceptional species compiled by Helm-Wallace (2015), targeted literature search, and expert input. It includes both threatened and non-threatened exceptional species, and currently represents 3% or less of the number of predicted exceptional species globally. Thus, this list is a working list and will require input from researchers worldwide to continue to grow. If you have information on a species that should be added to the list or have any additional information on species that are already listed, please submit that using the form below. Updated versions of the list will be posted periodically.

To add species to the Global Working List of Exceptional Plants or comment on species already listed, please use this form or email [email protected]

You can read about the definition of exceptional plants, background on how the list was created, and some analyses of the list in the following two open access papers:

Pence, V.C., Meyer, A., Linsky, J., Gratzfeld, J., Pritchard, H.W., Westwood, M., and Beckman Bruns, E. 2022. Defining exceptional species—A conceptual framework to expand and advance ex situ conservation of plant diversity beyond conventional seed banking. Biological Conservation 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109440.
Pence, V.C., Beckman Bruns, E., Meyer, A., Pritchard, H.W., Westwood, M., Linsky, J., Gratzfeld, J., Helm-Wallace, S., Liu, U., Rivers, M., and Beech, E. 2022. Gap analysis of exceptional species—Using a global list of exceptional plants to expand strategic ex situ conservation action beyond conventional seed banking. Biological Conservation 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109439.
Appendix B of Gap Analysis of Exceptional Species contains the full Exceptional Status List, an evaluation of more than 23,000 species as exceptional, non-exceptional, probably non-exceptional, and species with insufficient data (B.1). Appendix B also contains a List of Threatened Congeners of Exceptional Plants, including more than 7,000 species (B.5). We welcome new or additional information for future updates of these lists, using this form or email [email protected].

Taxonomic information has been added from World Flora Online (WFO) Taxonomic Backbone (v.2019.05), and data from the Seed Information Database were provided in 2019 (SID; Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2019). (Pence, V.C., Beckman, E., Meyer, A., Pritchard, H.W., Westwood, M., Linsky, J., Gratzfeld, J., Helm-Wallace, S., Liu, U., Rivers, M., Beech, E. 2022 Gap analysis of exceptional species: Using a global list of exceptional status to inform strategic conservation action. Biological Conservation 266

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Species name	WFO family	WFO taxon name	EF1 (seed unavailable)	EF2 (desiccation sensitive)	EF3 (short-lived)	EF4 (deep dormancy)	Exceptional status justification	Exceptional status data sources	SID Seed Storage Behaviour	Link to Seed Information Database associated record(s)	Link to ThreatSearch associated record(s)	Link to GlobalTreeSearch Portal associated record(s)	Link to PlantSearch associated record(s)
Abutilon sandwicense	Malvaceae	Abutilon sandwicense	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 38% viability in 11.7 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Abutilon&Species=sandwicense&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Abutilon&ftrSpecies=sandwicense		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Abutilon&ftrSpecies=sandwicense
Acer macrophyllum	Sapindaceae	Acer macrophyllum	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds of this species are certainly not recalcitrant since maturation-drying reduces seed moisture content to 13.8% at which 80% of the seeds survive (Zasada et al., 1990). This species is provisionally classified as intermediate.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Acer&Species=macrophyllum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Acer&ftrSpecies=macrophyllum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Acer+macrophyllum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Acer&ftrSpecies=macrophyllum
Acer pseudoplatanus	Sapindaceae	Acer pseudoplatanus	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 58%, LSMC= 45-50%, no seeds remain viable when the mean mc is reduced to 10-12% (Hong & Ellis, 1990); LSMC= 45% or a water potential of -3.5MPa (Dickie et al., 1991); seeds can be stored at >35% mc (Gordon et al.,1982); seeds can be stored for 3 years at -3°C with 24-32% mc (Suszka, 1978); -3°C with 30% mc in sealed bottles recommended (Tykowski, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Acer&Species=pseudoplatanus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Acer&ftrSpecies=pseudoplatanus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Acer+pseudoplatanus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Acer&ftrSpecies=pseudoplatanus
Acer saccharinum	Sapindaceae	Acer saccharinum	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, desiccation below 30% mc results in death of embryos (Jones, 1920; USDA, 1948); no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to about 35% (Pukacka, 1989); 78% germination after 16 months moist storage at 1°-3°C with 45% mc (Wang, 1974); LSMC= 40%, freezable mc >30%, no seed survival after 24 hours in liquid nitrogen (Becwar et al., 1983); little loss in viability (8%) after 8 months moist storage at -3°C with 50% mc (Tylkowski, 1984); LSMC= 45%, no seeds remain viable when the mean mc is reduced to 15% (Wang et al., 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Acer&Species=saccharinum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Acer&ftrSpecies=saccharinum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Acer+saccharinum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Acer&ftrSpecies=saccharinum
Acioa barteri	Chrysobalanaceae	Dactyladenia barteri	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ng et al., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Acioa&Species=barteri&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dactyladenia&ftrSpecies=barteri	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Acioa+barteri	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Acioa&ftrSpecies=barteri
Acmena acuminatissima	Myrtaceae	Syzygium acuminatissimum	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds appear recalcitrant, with lowest safe mc somewhere between 58.2% and 47.8% (IPGRI/DFSC, 2001b). Further work is needed to confirm this.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Acmena&Species=acuminatissima&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=acuminatissimum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Acmena+acuminatissima	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Acmena&ftrSpecies=acuminatissima
Acmena smithii	Myrtaceae	Syzygium smithii	No	Yes	No	No	MCS=71% ; 24% viability when dried to 45% mc, 9% when dried to 33% and total loss in viability when dried to 25% and 16% mc; marked loss in viability following 6 months storage at 2-5C and 45% mc (Gunn et al., 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Acmena&Species=smithii&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Acmena+smithii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Acmena&ftrSpecies=smithii
Acoelorrhaphe wrightii	Arecaceae	Acoelorraphe wrightii	No	No	Yes	No	Leon (1961) classified this species in the long-lived seed class; desiccation to 5% mc reduces viability to 17% (Dickie et al., 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Acoelorrhaphe&Species=wrightii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Acoelorraphe&ftrSpecies=wrightii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Acoelorrhaphe+wrightii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Acoelorrhaphe&ftrSpecies=wrightii
Aconitum septentrionale	Ranunculaceae	Aconitum septentrionale	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP. Oldest collection 14 years; average germination change 80 to 22.5%, mean storage period 11 years, 2 collections.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aconitum&Species=septentrionale&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aconitum&ftrSpecies=septentrionale
Adonidia merrillii	Arecaceae	Adonidia merrillii	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 45% (Chin et al., 1984) Desiccation of the whole seeds from 43% mc (96% germination) to 15% mc reduces viability by 16%, no seeds survive subsequent storage in liquid nitrogen (24 hours); desiccation of excised embryos from 58% mc (92% germination in vitro) to 9-10% mc reduces viability of excised embryos to 70-71%, and only 22-64% survive subsequent storage in liquid nitrogen for 24h (Chin & Krishnapillay, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Adonidia&Species=merrillii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Adonidia&ftrSpecies=merrillii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Adonidia+merrillii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Adonidia&ftrSpecies=merrillii
Aegiceras corniculatum	Primulaceae	Aegiceras corniculatum	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aegiceras&Species=corniculatum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aegiceras&ftrSpecies=corniculatum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aegiceras&ftrSpecies=corniculatum
Aegiceras floridum	Primulaceae	Aegiceras floridum	No	Yes	No	No	The species is cryptoviviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aegiceras&Species=floridum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aegiceras&ftrSpecies=floridum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aegiceras+floridum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aegiceras&ftrSpecies=floridum
Aesculus californica	Sapindaceae	Aesculus californica	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Rudolf, 1974a).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aesculus&Species=californica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=californica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aesculus+californica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=californica
Aesculus glabra	Sapindaceae	Aesculus glabra	No	Yes	No	No	Aesculus glabra var. arguta: Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Rudolf, 1974a) \| Aesculus glabra var. glabra: Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Rudolf, 1974a).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aesculus&Species=glabra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=glabra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aesculus+glabra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=glabra
Aesculus hippocastanum	Sapindaceae	Aesculus hippocastanum	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 49% Viability can be maintained for 6 months in polyethene bags at 3°C with moist seeds (Rudolf, 1974a); viability is reduced from initial germination of 85% to 60% and 25% following 13 months and 15 months, respectively, in sealed packages with fresh seeds without added moisture at -2°C (Rudolf, 1974a); 50-100% excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 9.9% mc (drying overnight under a stream of air), and subsequent overnight storage in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1990); EMCS= 69%, ELSMC= 20%, 60% of excised embryos survive desiccation to about 12% mc, most excised embryos dried to 20-15% mc also survive overnight in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1992); MCS= 50%, EMCS= 65%, 77% germinate on desiccation to 30% mc if seeds harvested at 145 days after anthesis (Tompsett & Pritchard, 1993); whole seed harvest MC=48-51 %, embryonic axis =65 %, percentage germination increased as seeds dried down to 32-36 % MC, but viability reduced on further drying (Tompsett and Pritchard, 1998).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aesculus&Species=hippocastanum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=hippocastanum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aesculus+hippocastanum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=hippocastanum
Aesculus octandra	Sapindaceae	Aesculus flava	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Rudolf, 1974a); 80% excised embryonic axes survive desiccation (drying overnight under a stream of air, mc not reported), and subsequent overnight storage in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aesculus&Species=octandra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=flava	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aesculus+octandra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=octandra
Aesculus parviflora	Sapindaceae	Aesculus parviflora	No	Yes	No	No	Complete loss in viabilty after 13 days open storage at room temperature (Fordham, 1987); no excised embryonic axes survive desiccation (drying overnight under a stream of air, mc not reported) (Pence, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aesculus&Species=parviflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=parviflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aesculus+parviflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=parviflora
Aesculus pavia	Sapindaceae	Aesculus pavia	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 56%, seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Rudolf, 1974a).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aesculus&Species=pavia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=pavia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aesculus+pavia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=pavia
Aesculus sylvatica	Sapindaceae	Aesculus sylvatica	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Rudolf, 1974a).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aesculus&Species=sylvatica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=sylvatica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aesculus+sylvatica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aesculus&ftrSpecies=sylvatica
Afrocarpus gracilior	Podocarpaceae	Afrocarpus gracilior	No	No	Yes	No	Viability lost within 3 months in hermetic storage at room temperature with 13±2% mc (Kaul, 1979). Viability is reduced after 12 months storage (Legesse, 1992). Seeds should be dried to 15% mc before storage, properly dried seeds can be maintained in hermetic storage at 3°C for at least 2.5 years (Albrecht, 1993). Seeds can be dried down to at least 6% mc; optimum air-dry storage environments appear to be 6-8% mc and 4°-10°C, sub-zero temperatures of -5°C and -20°C are damaging (G. Balcha & J. Blyth, pers. com.). Viability can be maintained for 1-2 years in hermetic air-dry storage at cool temperatures (Shehaghilo, pers. com.). Seeds are maintained in the long-term seed store at DFSC (60% germination after 1 year storage).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Afrocarpus&Species=gracilior&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Afrocarpus&ftrSpecies=gracilior	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Afrocarpus+gracilior	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Afrocarpus&ftrSpecies=gracilior
Agathis philippinensis	Araucariaceae	Agathis philippinensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Agathis&Species=philippinensis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Agathis&ftrSpecies=philippinensis
Aglaia clarkii	Meliaceae	Aglaia pachyphylla	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Hong & Ellis, 1998).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aglaia&Species=clarkii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aglaia&ftrSpecies=pachyphylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aglaia+clarkii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aglaia&ftrSpecies=clarkii
Aglaia pachyphylla	Meliaceae	Aglaia pachyphylla	No	Yes	No	No	Total loss of viability below 20% mc (Hong and Ellis, 1998). Seeds have 42% mc and 10% viability at receipt (20 seeds tested); no seeds survive desiccation to 30% mc (SSLR).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aglaia&Species=pachyphylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aglaia&ftrSpecies=pachyphylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aglaia+pachyphylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aglaia&ftrSpecies=pachyphylla
Alectryon excelsus	Sapindaceae	Alectryon excelsus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Fountain & Outred, 1991); moist storage at 2-4C recommended (Bergin & Dorsser, 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Alectryon&Species=excelsus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Alectryon&ftrSpecies=excelsus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Alectryon+excelsus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Alectryon&ftrSpecies=excelsus
Alectryon macrococcus	Sapindaceae	Alectryon macrococcum	No	Yes	No	No	Alectryon macrococcus: Recalcitrant, dioecious, rare (Helm Wallace, 2015) \| Alectryon macrococcus var. auwahiensis: Recalcitrant, dioecious, rare (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016) \| Alectryon macrococcus var. macrococcus: Recalcitrant, extremely rare (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Alectryon&ftrSpecies=macrococcus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Alectryon+macrococcus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Alectryon&ftrSpecies=macrococcus
Alyxia oliviformis	Apocynaceae	Alyxia stellata	No	No	Yes	No	Desiccation-tolerant but extremely reduced viability in storage; conventional seed storage likely not an option; need to try -80C and cryo (Helm Wallace, 2015). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Alyxia&Species=oliviformis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Alyxia&ftrSpecies=oliviformis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Alyxia&ftrSpecies=oliviformis
Alyxia stellata	Apocynaceae	Alyxia stellata	No	No	Yes	No	Low storage potential; short-lived; target for further research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Alyxia&ftrSpecies=stellata
Amaryllis belladonna	Amaryllidaceae	Amaryllis belladonna	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Amaryllis&Species=belladonna&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Amaryllis&ftrSpecies=belladonna
Amphibolis antarctica	Cymodoceaceae	Amphibolis antarctica	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Amphibolis&Species=antarctica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Amphibolis&ftrSpecies=antarctica		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Amphibolis&ftrSpecies=antarctica
Amphibolis griffithii	Cymodoceaceae	Amphibolis griffithii	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Amphibolis&Species=griffithii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Amphibolis&ftrSpecies=griffithii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Amphibolis&ftrSpecies=griffithii
Andira inermis	Fabaceae	Andira inermis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sun & Lang, 2001).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Andira&Species=inermis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Andira&ftrSpecies=inermis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Andira+inermis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Andira&ftrSpecies=inermis
Aniba rosaeodora	Lauraceae	Aniba rosaeodora	No	Yes	No	No	Likely recalcitrant (Lima et al., 2014). Recalcitrant (Dr. I.D. Kossmann Ferraz, pers. com.).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aniba&Species=rosaeodora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aniba&ftrSpecies=rosaeodora		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aniba&ftrSpecies=rosaeodora
Antiaris toxicaria	Moraceae	Antiaris toxicaria	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Lan et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Antiaris&Species=toxicaria&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Antiaris&ftrSpecies=toxicaria	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Antiaris+toxicaria	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Antiaris&ftrSpecies=toxicaria
Antidesma platyphyllum	Phyllanthaceae	Antidesma platyphyllum	No	No	Yes	No	Antidesma platyphyllum: Lost 89% viability in 4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Viability maintained for >12 months in air-dry storage at 5C (Riley, 1981) \| Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii: Short-lived (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Antidesma&Species=platyphyllum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Antidesma&ftrSpecies=platyphyllum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Antidesma+platyphyllum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Antidesma&ftrSpecies=platyphyllum
Aporosa lindleyana	Phyllanthaceae	Aporosa cardiosperma	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anil Kumar et al., 1997).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aporosa&Species=lindleyana&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aporosa+lindleyana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aporosa&ftrSpecies=lindleyana
Aquilaria agallocha	Thymelaeaceae	Aquilaria agallocha	No	Yes	No	No	Viability drops between 35% and 20% mc, with rapid loss in viability occurring below 20% mc and total loss at 7-11% mc (Kundu and Kachari, 2000). Seeds not capable of long storage (Dent, 1948).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aquilaria&Species=agallocha&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aquilaria&ftrSpecies=agallocha
Aquilaria crassna	Thymelaeaceae	Aquilaria crassna	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds appear desiccation sensitive, with a critical moisture content of between 25% and 15% mc (To Luu et al., 2001).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aquilaria&Species=crassna&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Aquilaria&ftrSpecies=crassna	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aquilaria+crassna	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aquilaria&ftrSpecies=crassna
Araucaria angustifolia	Araucariaceae	Araucaria angustifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation to 37% mc, none survives further desiccation to 25% (Tompsett, 1984a). Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Ramos et al., 1988). Mature seeds harvested at 46.8% mc tolerate desiccation to 45.5% mc if dried slowly, and to 41% if dried rapidly (Boyce, 1989; Grabe, 1989). MCS= 51%, LSMC= 48%, 50% germination when the mean moisture content is reduced to 45%, and none survives further desiccation to 41% mc, viability maintained for 45 days in moist storage at 24°-28°C (Farrant et al., 1989). 67% germination after 496 days moist storage at 2°C with 43% mc (Tompsett, 1994). MCS= 54.5%, none survives when the mean seed moisture content is reduced to 23% (Espindola et al., 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=angustifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=angustifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+angustifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=angustifolia
Araucaria araucana	Araucariaceae	Araucaria araucana	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 3,250g (Tompsett, 1994) Sensitive to desiccation (Tompsett, 1983a); seeds tolerate desiccation to 38% mc only, with no seeds surviving further desiccation to 20% mc.(Tompsett, 1984a); 88% germination after 961 days storage at 2°C with 44% mc (Tompsett, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=araucana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=araucana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+araucana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=araucana
Araucaria bidwillii	Araucariaceae	Araucaria bidwillii	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds intolerant of desiccation (Tompsett, 1984a). LSMC= 35% (Tompsett, 1994). Seeds tolerate desiccation to 25% mc, but none survives further desiccation to 15% (Doley, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=bidwillii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=bidwillii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+bidwillii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=bidwillii
Araucaria columnaris	Araucariaceae	Araucaria columnaris	No	No	Yes	No	Tompsett (1984a,b, 1990, 1994) used the term orthodox to classify this species.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=columnaris&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=columnaris	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+columnaris	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=columnaris
Araucaria heterophylla	Araucariaceae	Araucaria heterophylla	No	No	Yes	No	Desiccation was reported to reduce seed viability, but nevertheless suggested that air dried seeds could be stored at -20°C for six months (Badran et al., 1979). Akamine (1951) reported that the longevity of seeds stored at 30% r.h. and 7°C was less than that of seeds stored at 45% r.h. and 7°C, and that a storage environment of 7°C with 60% r.h. was required to maintain viability. Seeds tolerate desiccation to 12% mc (Tompsett, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=heterophylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=heterophylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+heterophylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=heterophylla
Araucaria hunsteinii	Araucariaceae	Araucaria hunsteinii	No	Yes	No	No	MCS >53% Mature seeds harvested at high mc (>53%) tolerate desiccation to 32% mc but none survive further desiccation to 14% (Tompsett, 1982). Potential short term storage methods have been investigated by several authors. For example, Havel ( 1965) showed that 50% of seeds survived moist storage in sealed container at 3-5 °C for 18 months, while Arentz (1980) also found moist storage at 3-5 °C to be best, 39% of seeds surviving 12 months storage in this regime. Similarly, storage at 28-35% mc with 3°-5°C together with aeration prolonged survival (Tompsett, 1982; 1983b). 80% germination after 80 daysmoist storage at 6°C with 45% mc (Tompsett, 1994). Pritchard & Prendergast (1986) showed that 30% of excised embryos produced callus from the radicle following partial desiccation to 13% mc if dried rapidly, and the majority of these also survived immersion in liquid nitrogen for 1 hour.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=hunsteinii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=hunsteinii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+hunsteinii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=hunsteinii
Araucaria nemorosa	Araucariaceae	Araucaria nemorosa	No	No	Yes	No	Tompsett (1984a, 1994) used the term orthodox to classify this species.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=nemorosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=nemorosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+nemorosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=nemorosa
Araucaria rulei	Araucariaceae	Araucaria rulei	No	No	Yes	No	Tompsett (1984a, 1994) used the term orthodox to classify this species.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=rulei&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=rulei	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+rulei	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=rulei
Araucaria scopulorum	Araucariaceae	Araucaria scopulorum	No	No	Yes	No	Tompsett (1984a, 1994) used the term orthodox to classify this species.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Araucaria&Species=scopulorum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=scopulorum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Araucaria+scopulorum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Araucaria&ftrSpecies=scopulorum
Archontophoenix alexandrae	Arecaceae	Archontophoenix alexandrae	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Shao et al., 2009).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Archontophoenix&Species=alexandrae&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Archontophoenix+alexandrae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Archontophoenix&ftrSpecies=alexandrae
Arctomecon californicum	Papaveraceae	Arctomecon californicum	No	No	No	Yes	Seeds have been reported as viable (tetrazolium test) (Megill et al., 2011), but failed to germinate in the lab under several temperature regimes (C. Baskin pers. comm., 2020).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Arctomecon&ftrSpecies=californicum
Arctomecon humilis	Papaveraceae	Arctomecon humilis	No	No	No	Yes	"In a controlled setting, this species is practically impossible to germinate" (USFWS, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Arctomecon&ftrSpecies=humilis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Arctomecon&ftrSpecies=humilis
Ardisia crenata	Primulaceae	Ardisia crenata	No	Yes	No	No	Ardisia crenata var. bicolor: Recalcitrant (Yang et al., 2009).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ardisia&Species=crenata&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ardisia&ftrSpecies=crenata
Ardisia virens	Primulaceae	Ardisia polysticta	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Yang et al., 2011).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ardisia&Species=virens&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ardisia&ftrSpecies=polysticta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ardisia+virens	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ardisia&ftrSpecies=virens
Areca catechu	Arecaceae	Areca catechu	No	Yes	No	No	MC of green fruits= 78% (SSLR); MCS=50.1 %, rapid drop in viability when dried below 32.8 % mc, total loss of viability by 17.7 % mc (Raja et al., 2001a). Despite reports of desiccation sensitivity (e.g., Guppy, 1912), pre-drying is widely practised in nursery cultivation in order to promote germination. For example, Khandige (1984) reported 52% germination after 21 days drying (mc not reported). This sugggests that betel palm may not show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Areca&Species=catechu&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Areca&ftrSpecies=catechu	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Areca+catechu	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Areca&ftrSpecies=catechu
Argemone glauca	Papaveraceae	Argemone glauca	No	No	Yes	Yes	Seeds orthodox; readily available (Helm Wallace, 2015). 3% germination (Baskin et al., 2004). Lost 78% viability in 15.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). LSMC= 10%, seeds survive 24 hours in liquid nitrogen (Becwar et al., 1983). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Argemone&Species=glauca&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Argemone&ftrSpecies=glauca		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Argemone&ftrSpecies=glauca
Argyroxiphium grayanum	Asteraceae	Argyroxiphium grayanum	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low viability but likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Argyroxiphium&ftrSpecies=grayanum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Argyroxiphium&ftrSpecies=grayanum
Argyroxiphium sandwicense	Asteraceae	Argyroxiphium sandwicense	Yes	No	No	No	Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum: Seeds are anecdotally orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low viability but likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Argyroxiphium&ftrSpecies=sandwicense		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Argyroxiphium&ftrSpecies=sandwicense
Aristotelia serrata	Elaeocarpaceae	Aristotelia serrata	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Fountain & Outred, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Aristotelia&Species=serrata&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Aristotelia+serrata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Aristotelia&ftrSpecies=serrata
Artocarpus altilis	Moraceae	Artocarpus altilis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993); short-lived (Purseglove, 1968; Mensa & Acosta, 1990); seeds should not be allowed to dry out (Purseglove, 1968b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=altilis&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+altilis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=altilis
Artocarpus blancoi	Moraceae	Artocarpus blancoi	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=blancoi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=blancoi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+blancoi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=blancoi
Artocarpus camansi	Moraceae	Artocarpus camansi	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=camansi&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+camansi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=camansi
Artocarpus champeden	Moraceae	Artocarpus integer	No	Yes	No	No	EMCS= 74.5%, MCS= 70.5%, ELMC= 10.7-11.5% (Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=champeden&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+champeden	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=champeden
Artocarpus communis	Moraceae	Artocarpus altilis	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds should not be allowed to dry out, and should be stored moist at 20C (Riley, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=communis&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+communis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=communis
Artocarpus heterophyllus	Moraceae	Artocarpus heterophyllus	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 53% Viability is very short when stored at ambient temperatures, between 2 weeks (Richards, 1950; Thomas, 1980) and 8 weeks (Sonwalkar, 1951; Panggabean, 1979; Hanson, 1984). Imbibed seeds or seeds at moisture contents above 48% stored in polythene bags at 15°C with aeration can be maintained for 8-9 months whereas at temperatures below 10°C viability is rapidly lost after 2 weeks (Hanson & Suharto, 1984). Similarly, viability is reduced after 3 weeks moist storage at 6°C (Panggabean, 1979). Viability maintained for 2 years in moist storage at 15°C in polyethylene bags filled with perlite at 50% mc, storage temperatures of 5°C and 10°C are damaging (Tang & Fu, 1993). LSMC= 40% (Hanson, 1984). EMCS= 59%, MCS= 46%, no excised embryos survive desiccation to 10.7-11.5% mc (Grabe, 1989). No seeds survived on desiccation to 38.3% mc when dried slowly, to 35.5% mc when dried rapidly, excised embryos cryoprotected with 10% DMSO plus 0.5% proline for 12 hours followed by a partial desiccation to 29-33% mc and slowly frozen to -40°C at 1°C/minute before plunging into LN2 survived cryopreservation and 60% normal recovery, no significant decline in viability after 1 month cryopreservation (Chin, 1989). MCS=62%, LSMC=39%, no seeds survived desiccation to 34.1% mc (Krishnasamy, 1990). ELSMC= 45%, 25% excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 16% mc when drying over silica gel (Fu et al., 1993). 60% and 10% of excised embryonic axes with 13.7% mc survived 24 hours' subsequent cryostorage in liquid nitrogen (Chandel et al., 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=heterophyllus&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+heterophyllus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=heterophyllus
Artocarpus hypargyrea	Moraceae	Artocarpus hypargyreus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds should not be allowed to dry out, and should be stored moist at 20C (Riley, 1981); short-lived (Mensa & Acosta, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=hypargyrea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=hypargyreus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+hypargyrea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=hypargyrea
Artocarpus integer	Moraceae	Artocarpus integer	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds cannot be stored long (Dent, 1948); viability is lost within 1 month in hermetic storage at room temperature with 13±2% mc (Kaul, 1979); seeds should not be allowed to dry out, and should be stored moist at 20C (Riley, 1981). EMCS= 74.5%, MCS= 70.5%, ELMC= 10.7-11.5% (Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=integer&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+integer	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=integer
Artocarpus integra	Moraceae	Artocarpus integer	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 43.2%, ELSMC= 37.9%, no whole seeds and excised embryos remain viable when the mean seed and embryo moisture content is reduced to 30.2% and 25.7%, respectively; freezable water detected at embryo mc >33% (Hor et al., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=integra&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+integra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=integra
Artocarpus integrifolia	Moraceae	Artocarpus integer	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds cannot be stored long (Dent, 1948); viability is lost within 1 month in hermetic storage at room temperature with 13±2% mc (Kaul, 1979); seeds should not be allowed to dry out, and should be stored moist at 20C (Riley, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=integrifolia&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+integrifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=integrifolia
Artocarpus nitidus	Moraceae	Artocarpus nitidus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=nitidus&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+nitidus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=nitidus
Artocarpus odoratissima	Moraceae	Artocarpus odoratissimus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=odoratissima&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=odoratissimus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+odoratissima	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=odoratissima
Artocarpus ovata	Moraceae	Artocarpus ovatus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=ovata&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+ovata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=ovata
Artocarpus rubrovenia	Moraceae	Artocarpus rubrovenius	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=rubrovenia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=rubrovenius	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+rubrovenia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=rubrovenia
Artocarpus sericicarpus	Moraceae	Artocarpus sericicarpus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Artocarpus&Species=sericicarpus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=sericicarpus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Artocarpus+sericicarpus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Artocarpus&ftrSpecies=sericicarpus
Asclepias lanuginosa	Apocynaceae	Asclepias lanuginosa	Yes	No	No	No	Rarely sets seed in most of its range (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Asclepias&ftrSpecies=lanuginosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Asclepias&ftrSpecies=lanuginosa
Asimina tetramera	Annonaceae	Asimina tetramera	Yes	No	No	No	Was thought to be recalcitrant, but that is being questioned; few seeds produced in wild; seed storage beyond two weeks is problematic and reduces viability significantly; developed in vitro collecting, micropropagation, and cryopreservation protocols; seed storage at cold temps following desiccation should be better explored (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Asimina&ftrSpecies=tetramera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Asimina+tetramera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Asimina&ftrSpecies=tetramera
Astelia argyrocoma	Asteliaceae	Astelia argyrocoma	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 52% viability in 10.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Astelia&ftrSpecies=argyrocoma		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Astelia&ftrSpecies=argyrocoma
Astragalus cremnophylax	Fabaceae	Astragalus cremnophylax	Yes	No	No	No	Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax: Reported to have poor seed production; developed micropropagation protocol and tissue cryopreservation protocol (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Astragalus&ftrSpecies=cremnophylax		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Astragalus&ftrSpecies=cremnophylax
Attalea cohune	Arecaceae	Attalea cohune	No	No	Yes	No	This species may not show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour for two reasons; first, the fruits used in this investigation were immature; second, mature seeds desiccated to 11% endosperm mc (i.e., about 20% embryo mc) showed 50% viability, this implies that this species might show intermediate seed storage rather than recalcitrant seed storage behaviour.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Attalea&Species=cohune&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Attalea+cohune	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Attalea&ftrSpecies=cohune
Attalea crassispatha	Arecaceae	Attalea crassispatha	No	No	Yes	No	57% survive desiccation to 13.7% mc but none survives further desiccation to 4.9% mc (Dickie et al., 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Attalea&Species=crassispatha&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Attalea&ftrSpecies=crassispatha	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Attalea+crassispatha	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Attalea&ftrSpecies=crassispatha
Averrhoa carambola	Oxalidaceae	Averrhoa carambola	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 55% (SSLR) LSMC= 12.3%, further desiccation reduces viability, cool temperatures are damaging (Teng & Hor, 1976); seeds cannot be dried (Harrington, 1972); viability maintained for 6 months with partially dried seeds at 5°C (Riley, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Averrhoa&Species=carambola&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Averrhoa+carambola	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Averrhoa&ftrSpecies=carambola
Avicennia alba	Acanthaceae	Avicennia marina	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Avicennia&Species=alba&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Avicennia&ftrSpecies=alba	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Avicennia+alba	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Avicennia&ftrSpecies=alba
Avicennia marina	Acanthaceae	Avicennia marina	No	Yes	No	No	EMCS= 63.8%, MCS= 64.4%, LSMC= 61.5% for slow drying, 56.6% for rapid drying (Farrant et al., 1985; 1986; 1988a, b; 1989; 1993a, b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Avicennia&Species=marina&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Avicennia&ftrSpecies=marina	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Avicennia+marina	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Avicennia&ftrSpecies=marina
Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	Azadirachta indica	No	Yes	No	No	Azadirachta indica: The neem tree is very drought & heat resistant (annual rainfall as low as 130mm & long dry seasons, absolute minimum temperatures of 0°C to 15°C; Tewari, 1992). MCS =34-41 %. The fruit is a drupe containing one (rarely two) seeds. Neem has been variously classified as orthodox, intermediate or recalcitrant with experimental results extremely variable e.g. seeds tolerate desiccation to 10-11% mc either by air-drying at room temperature (26°C to 28°C) or by sun drying (30°C to 34°C) for 8 days, but viability is reduced from 85 % to 60 % and 45 % after one month hermetic air-dry storage at room temperature and at 6°C, respectively (Ezumah, 1986); viability is maintained during 4 months open storage at room temperature but drops to 50 % after 6-7 months (Nagaveni et al., 1987); viability can be maintained at 4°C and 5-8 % mc for up to 5 years (Roederez & Bellefontaine, 1989); complete viability loss occurs in either hermetic storage or open storage at 5°C within 1-4 months, whilst 15 % germinate after 6 months storage of fresh seeds in perforated polythene bags at 15°C (Maithani et al., 1989); seeds tolerate desiccation to 9 % mc, viability is halved on desiccation to 6 % mc and completely lost on desiccation to 2.4 % mc, no loss in viability occurs following 100 days hermetic storage with 6 % mc at 15°C and 0°C, but none survive this period at -20°C, no loss in viability after 8 months hermetic storage at 10°C with 6.5 % mc, while none survive at -20°C with this mc (SSLR); long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP, oldest collection 13 years; germination change 78 to 94%, 2 years, 1 collection. Desiccation tolerant to 11.8 % mc, desiccation sensitive below this level and total viability loss by 5.9 % mc (Varghese and Naithani, 2000). Desiccation tolerant to 3.2 % mc, increased longevity as temperature is decreased from 35 to 25 to 15°C, but rapid drop in viability at 5°C and below (Nayal et al., 2000). Recent work has gone a long way to explaining the contradictions in the above studies. Firstly, developmental maturity affects storage longevity, with seeds from yellow fruits maintaining viability for longer than seeds from brown or green fruits (Sacandé et al., 1998). Secondly, at >=10 % mc, neem is chilling sensitive, with viability maintained for longest (but not >2 yrs) at 10-15°C (ibid). When mc is reduced to 4-8 % mc, chilling sensitivity is removed, with 40-60 % viability after 2 yrs storage at a range of temperatures between 20 and –20°C. However, at lower mc’s, seeds become particularly sensitive to imbibitional stress and often die during rehydration. This can be partially overcome by imbibition at high temperatures of >25-30°C (ibid). The observation that seeds can survive desiccation to ca 4 % mc, freezing at –20°C and rehydration (with care) suggests that seeds from mature yellow fruits are orthodox in behaviour (Sacandé et al., 1998). This is supported by seed chemistry, with oligosaccharide and phospholipid levels and glutathione responses in slowly dried seeds more similar to those of orthodox than recalcitrant species. The increases of these compounds suggest that slowly dried fresh seeds have the ability to undergo a post-maturation process associated with the acquisition of the capability for desiccation tolerance and long-term storage stability (Sacandé et al., 2000). It is thus probable that much of the variation in the published literature arises due to differences in the maturity of the seeds studied, the chilling sensitivity of neem at mc’s above 10 %, sensitivity to imbibitional damage at lower mc’s, and problems arising from the high oil content of the seed (ca 50 %) which may lead to an underestimation of water activity and unexpected metabolic stress at higher mc’s and temperatures (Sacandé et al., 1998). Although work is ongoing, it is thus becoming increasingly clear that neem seeds have a number of characteristics in common with orthodox types, but that storage is more problematic than for temperate orthodox taxa. Until the storage behaviour of neem becomes more fully understood, a conservative classification of Intermediate? has been adopted \| Azadirachta indica var. siamensis: MCS=40-55% ; seeds are desiccation sensitive, minimum safe moisture content is approximately 24% (OuŽdraogo et al., 1999). But see also the entry for Azadirachta indica.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?, Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Azadirachta&Species=indica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Azadirachta&ftrSpecies=indica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Azadirachta+indica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Azadirachta&ftrSpecies=indica
Baccaurea motleyana	Phyllanthaceae	Baccaurea motleyana	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 48% (Chin et al., 1984) Based on information from Chin et al. (1984), Hofmann & Steiner (1989) classified this species as recalcitrant.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Baccaurea&Species=motleyana&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Baccaurea+motleyana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Baccaurea&ftrSpecies=motleyana
Bactris gasipaes	Arecaceae	Bactris gasipaes	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bactris&Species=gasipaes&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bactris+gasipaes	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bactris&ftrSpecies=gasipaes
Barringtonia asiatica	Lecythidaceae	Barringtonia asiatica	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Barringtonia&Species=asiatica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Barringtonia&ftrSpecies=asiatica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Barringtonia+asiatica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Barringtonia&ftrSpecies=asiatica
Barringtonia racemosa	Lecythidaceae	Barringtonia racemosa	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Farrant et al., 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Barringtonia&Species=racemosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Barringtonia&ftrSpecies=racemosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Barringtonia+racemosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Barringtonia&ftrSpecies=racemosa
Beilschmiedia erithrophloia	Lauraceae	Beilschmiedia erythrophloia	No	Yes	No	No	This species is classified as recalcitrant by Lin & Huang (1994), but no evidence of desiccation sensitivity is given.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Beilschmiedia&Species=erithrophloia&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Beilschmiedia+erithrophloia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Beilschmiedia&ftrSpecies=erithrophloia
Beilschmiedia pendula	Lauraceae	Beilschmiedia pendula	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Beilschmiedia&Species=pendula&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Beilschmiedia&ftrSpecies=pendula	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Beilschmiedia+pendula	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Beilschmiedia&ftrSpecies=pendula
Beilschmiedia roxburghiana	Lauraceae	Beilschmiedia roxburghiana	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Beilschmiedia&Species=roxburghiana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Beilschmiedia&ftrSpecies=roxburghiana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Beilschmiedia+roxburghiana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Beilschmiedia&ftrSpecies=roxburghiana
Beilschmiedia tawa	Lauraceae	Beilschmiedia tawa	No	Yes	No	No	Classification suggested by Fountain & Outred (1991) based on germination characteristics only.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Beilschmiedia&Species=tawa&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Beilschmiedia+tawa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Beilschmiedia&ftrSpecies=tawa
Bertholletia excelsa	Lecythidaceae	Bertholletia excelsa	No	Yes	No	No	"Seeds are large, and...covered by a thick, woody seed coat. Difficulties in seed storage may be due to desiccation sensitivity of the seeds, and prior variable results may be related to procedures for seed moisture content (MC) determination" (Bentes et al., 2018). Intermediate (I.D. Kossmann Ferraz, pers. com.); 3% germination after 18 months open storage at room temperature (Reis et al., 1980); viability of seeds with pericarp removed stored at 12°C with 30% r.h. is lower than those stored at 12°C with 80% r.h. after 270 days (Figueiredo et al., 1990b); viability is maintained better in storage with intact seeds (with pericarp) than seeds that pericarp is removed (Figueiredo et al., 1990a); viability is reduced from 60% to 2% on desiccation from 14.2% to 4.2%mc (Figueiredo et al., 1990c); LSMC=12% (I.D. Kossmann Ferraz, pers. com.) COMMENT: Cunha et al.(1995b) classified this species as recalcitrant.	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bertholletia&Species=excelsa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bertholletia&ftrSpecies=excelsa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bertholletia+excelsa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bertholletia&ftrSpecies=excelsa
Bobea elatior	Rubiaceae	Bobea gaudichaudii	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but reduced viability in conventional storage; more research needed? (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 89% viability in 16.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bobea&Species=elatior&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bobea&ftrSpecies=elatior	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bobea+elatior	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bobea&ftrSpecies=elatior
Bobea sandwicensis	Rubiaceae	Bobea sandwicensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but reduced viability in conventional storage & limited seed viability; more research needed? (Helm Wallace, 2015). Lost 88% viability in 10.01 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bobea&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bobea+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bobea&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Bonamia menziesii	Convolvulaceae	Bonamia menziesii	Yes	No	Yes	No	Seeds have short viability; the stout legged bug, Physomeris grossipes, weakens this and other Convolvs, so we rarely get fruit after flowering; seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 53% viability in 8.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bonamia&ftrSpecies=menziesii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bonamia&ftrSpecies=menziesii
Boophone disticha	Amaryllidaceae	Boophone disticha	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Boophone&Species=disticha&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Boophone&ftrSpecies=disticha
Boscia senegalensis	Capparaceae	Boscia senegalensis	No	Yes	No	No	Rapid loss in viability below 25 % mc, with no seeds remaining viable when mc is further reduced to 13 %. Few undried seeds survive beyond 120 days when stored at 15°C, and 90 days when stored at 30°C and 15°C. When stored at -5°C, death occurs within 15 days (Danthu et al., 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Boscia&Species=senegalensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Boscia&ftrSpecies=senegalensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Boscia+senegalensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Boscia&ftrSpecies=senegalensis
Bouea gandaria	Anacardiaceae	Bouea oppositifolia	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 50%, EMCS= 49% (Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bouea&Species=gandaria&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bouea+gandaria	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bouea&ftrSpecies=gandaria
Bouea macrophylla	Anacardiaceae	Bouea macrophylla	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bouea&Species=macrophylla&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bouea+macrophylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bouea&ftrSpecies=macrophylla
Brabejum spp.	Proteaceae		No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Von Teichman & Van Wyk,1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Brabejum&Species=spp.&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Brabejum&ftrSpecies=spp.
Brighamia insignis	Campanulaceae	Brighamia insignis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 73% viability in 10 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Brighamia&Species=insignis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Brighamia&ftrSpecies=insignis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Brighamia&ftrSpecies=insignis
Brighamia rockii	Campanulaceae	Brighamia rockii	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 19% viability in 3.6 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Brighamia&ftrSpecies=rockii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Brighamia&ftrSpecies=rockii
Bromus carinatus	Poaceae	Bromus carinatus	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP. Germination change 100 to 36%, 13 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bromus&Species=carinatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bromus&ftrSpecies=carinatus		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bromus&ftrSpecies=carinatus
Broussaisia arguta	Hydrangeaceae	Broussaisia arguta	No	No	Yes	No	Low storage potential; short-lived; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016). (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Broussaisia&Species=arguta&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Broussaisia&ftrSpecies=arguta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Broussaisia+arguta	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Broussaisia&ftrSpecies=arguta
Bruguiera cylindrica	Rhizophoraceae	Bruguiera cylindrica	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bruguiera&Species=cylindrica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=cylindrica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bruguiera+cylindrica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=cylindrica
Bruguiera exaristata	Rhizophoraceae	Bruguiera exaristata	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bruguiera&Species=exaristata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=exaristata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bruguiera+exaristata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=exaristata
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza	Rhizophoraceae	Bruguiera gymnorhiza	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Farrant et al., 1988; Anon., 1993); viviparity, i.e., the seeds germinate while still attached to the tree (Harrington, 1972; Lemmens & Wulijarni-Soetjipto, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bruguiera&Species=gymnorrhiza&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=gymnorhiza	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bruguiera+gymnorrhiza	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=gymnorrhiza
Bruguiera hainesii	Rhizophoraceae	Bruguiera hainesii	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bruguiera&Species=hainesii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=hainesii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bruguiera+hainesii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=hainesii
Bruguiera parviflora	Rhizophoraceae	Bruguiera parviflora	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bruguiera&Species=parviflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=parviflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bruguiera+parviflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=parviflora
Bruguiera sexangula	Rhizophoraceae	Bruguiera sexangula	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bruguiera&Species=sexangula&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=sexangula	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Bruguiera+sexangula	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bruguiera&ftrSpecies=sexangula
Brunsvigia gregaria	Amaryllidaceae	Brunsvigia gregaria	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Brunsvigia&Species=gregaria&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Brunsvigia&ftrSpecies=gregaria
Brunsvigia orientalis	Amaryllidaceae	Brunsvigia orientalis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Brunsvigia&Species=orientalis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Brunsvigia&ftrSpecies=orientalis
Bupleurum rotundifolium	Apiaceae	Bupleurum rotundifolium	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP; germination change 100 to 70%, 10 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Bupleurum&Species=rotundifolium&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Bupleurum&ftrSpecies=rotundifolium
Calamagrostis porteri	Poaceae	Calamagrostis porteri	Yes	No	No	No	Calamagrostis porteri subsp. insperata: Seed set is extremely rare (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Calamagrostis&ftrSpecies=porteri		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Calamagrostis&ftrSpecies=porteri
Calamus manan	Arecaceae	Calamus manan	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 67% (Tamari, 1976), MCS= 48% (Achmad, 1988). Viability maintained for 6 months in moist storage at 20°C with 50% mc, storage temperatures of <10°C are damaging (Mori et al., 1980). Viability decreases from 46% before storage to 2% and 4% after 2 months moist storage at 22°C in sealed polyethylene bags and moist sawdust, respectively (Achmad, 1988). Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, viability is lost during 4-5 days storage at room temperature, however excised embryos tolerate desiccation to 8-10% mc, no loss in viability after 2 years subsequent cryostorage in liquid nitrogen (D.B. Krishnapillay, pers. com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Calamus&Species=manan&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Calamus&ftrSpecies=manan
Calamus tenuis	Arecaceae	Calamus tenuis	No	No	Yes	No	Fruits must be sown immediately within 10 days of collection (Young and Young, 1992); survives drying to 13.4% mc, but rapidly loses viability on further drying (zero viability at 10.7% mc; IPGRI/DFSC, 2001b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Calamus&Species=tenuis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Calamus&ftrSpecies=tenuis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Calamus&ftrSpecies=tenuis
Calanthe discolor	Orchidaceae	Calanthe discolor	No	No	Yes	No	Reduction in viability from 35% to 5% after 1 year hermetic air-dry storage at -15 to -17C (Hasegawa et al., 1978; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Calanthe&Species=discolor&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Calanthe&ftrSpecies=discolor		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Calanthe&ftrSpecies=discolor
Calophyllum longifolium	Calophyllaceae	Calophyllum longifolium	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Calophyllum&Species=longifolium&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Calophyllum&ftrSpecies=longifolium	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Calophyllum+longifolium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Calophyllum&ftrSpecies=longifolium
Calophyllum mariae	Calophyllaceae	Calophyllum brasiliense	No	Yes	No	No	MCS>or=36% 96% germination at 36% mc, 81% germination on desiccation to 32% mc, 80% germination on desiccation to 27% mc, no seeds survive desiccation to 15% mc, moist seeds stored best at 2C (Trivino et al., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Calophyllum&Species=mariae&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Calophyllum&ftrSpecies=brasiliense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Calophyllum+mariae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Calophyllum&ftrSpecies=mariae
Camellia lanceolata	Theaceae	Camellia lanceolata	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Camellia&Species=lanceolata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Camellia&ftrSpecies=lanceolata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Camellia+lanceolata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Camellia&ftrSpecies=lanceolata
Canarium ovatum	Burseraceae	Canarium ovatum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Dayan, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Canarium&Species=ovatum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Canarium&ftrSpecies=ovatum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Canarium+ovatum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Canarium&ftrSpecies=ovatum
Capparis sandwichiana	Capparaceae	Capparis mariana	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 32% viability in 3.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Capparis&Species=sandwichiana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Capparis&ftrSpecies=sandwichiana		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Capparis&ftrSpecies=sandwichiana
Carapa guianensis	Meliaceae	Carapa guianensis	No	Yes	No	No	(The fruit is a dehiscent 4-lobed capsule containing 2-4 seeds in each lobe) (Cunha et al., 1995b); 100% germination after 2 months, but none survives after 3 months open storage (90% r.h., 24°-31°C) (Garrard, 1955); no seeds survive following 7 months storage in paper bags at 12°C and 30% r.h.,or 14°C and 80% r.h., whereas viability is halved with fresh seeds sealed in polyethene bags at these temperatures after 7 months (Vianna, 1983); loss in viability on desiccation < 20% mc (Dr I.D. Kossmann Ferraz, pers. com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Carapa&Species=guianensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Carapa&ftrSpecies=guianensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Carapa+guianensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Carapa&ftrSpecies=guianensis
Carapa procera	Meliaceae	Carapa procera	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC = 34%; LMC= 16% (Tompsett, 1994) LMC= 20% (Dr.I.D. Kossmann Ferraz, pers. com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Carapa&Species=procera&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Carapa&ftrSpecies=procera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Carapa+procera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Carapa&ftrSpecies=procera
Carex alligata	Cyperaceae	Carex alligata	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 28% viability in 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Carex&ftrSpecies=alligata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Carex&ftrSpecies=alligata
Carex meyenii	Cyperaceae	Carex meyenii	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 81% viability in 17.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Carex&Species=meyenii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Carex&ftrSpecies=meyenii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Carex&ftrSpecies=meyenii
Carica papaya	Caricaceae	Carica papaya	No	No	Yes	No	Numerous data are suggestive of intermediate seed storage behaviour e.g. seeds tolerate desiccation to 9.8 % mc, but longevity of seeds stored at 0°C is reduced (Teng & Hor, 1976); viability is lost by 11 % on desiccation from 16 % to 9 % mc, with a further loss of 13 % following 16 hours storage in liquid nitrogen (Chin & Krishnapillay, 1989); seeds tolerate desiccation to 6.5 % mc, but further desiccation to 4.2-5.3 % mc reduces viability by 6-10 % (Ellis et al., 1991b); longevity of dry seeds is reduced when stored at 0°C and -20°C cf. warmer temperatures (Ellis et al., 1991b). Other data are less conclusive but indicate that seeds of the species can tolerate moderate levels of drying, and storage at a range of temperatures e.g. seeds at 10 % mc survive 24 hours in liquid nitrogen (Becwar et al., 1983); no loss in viability after 1 year hermetic storage at 15°C with 8-9.5 % mc (Ellis et al.,1991b), after 3 years at 10±5°C with 40 % r.h. (Pérez et al., 1980), after 6 years at 10°C with either 50 % r.h. or 8 % mc (Bass, 1975); 57 % germination after 29 months storage at 4°-6°C with 8-10 % mc (Singh & Singh, 1981). On the basis of these data it can be recommended that seeds of C. papaya and possibly other species within the genus Carica be stored at 5°C-10°C with 8-10 % mc, or in equilibrium with 40-50 % r.h. Recent studies question the interpretation of C. papaya seeds as intermediate, however. It has been shown that desiccation to between ca 4.5-11.5 % mc induces dormancy within papaya seeds and that this dormancy can be subsequently removed by heat-shocking rehydrated seeds for 4 hours at 36 °C (Wood et al., 2000). The low germination rates observed in the above studies following desiccation to within this mc range may consequently reflect the induction of dormancy, rather than a loss in viability. Similarly, cooling of seeds below certain critical temperature thresholds can also induce dormancy (Chris Wood, pers. com.). In view of these comments, orthodox storage behaviour cannot be ruled out, however, C. papaya is currently categorised as Intermediate?	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Carica&Species=papaya&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Carica&ftrSpecies=papaya	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Carica+papaya	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Carica&ftrSpecies=papaya
Caryota mitis	Arecaceae	Caryota mitis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Caryota&Species=mitis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Caryota&ftrSpecies=mitis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Caryota+mitis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Caryota&ftrSpecies=mitis
Castanea crenata	Fagaceae	Castanea crenata	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Sander, 1974a); 33% germination following 3.5 years moist storage with peat moss sealed in polyethylene bags at 2C (Jaynes,1969).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Castanea&Species=crenata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=crenata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Castanea+crenata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=crenata
Castanea dentata	Fagaceae	Castanea dentata	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Harrington, 1972; Sander, 1974a); 85% germination following 3.5 years moist storage with peat moss sealed in polyethylene bags at 2C (Jaynes,1969).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Castanea&Species=dentata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=dentata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Castanea+dentata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=dentata
Castanea mollissima	Fagaceae	Castanea mollissima	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Sander, 1974a); 80% germination following 2.5 years moist storage with peat moss sealed in polyethylene bags at 2°C (Jaynes,1969); excised embryonic axes survive desiccation (drying overnight under a stream of air, mc not reported) and subsequent overnight storage in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Castanea&Species=mollissima&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=mollissima	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Castanea+mollissima	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=mollissima
Castanea sativa	Fagaceae	Castanea sativa	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Sander, 1974a), no seeds survive on desiccation to 23% mc (Velkov, 1967 cited by King & Roberts, 1979); excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 8.6% mc (drying overnight under a stream of air) and subsequent overnight storage in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1990); EMCS= 68%, 60% of excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 25% mc and none survive further desiccation to 10% mc, nevertheless the storage of the surviving excised embryonic axes at 25% mc in liquid nitrogen for overnight results in about 30% survival which produce shoots (Pence, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Castanea&Species=sativa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=sativa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Castanea+sativa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Castanea&ftrSpecies=sativa
Castanopsis indica	Fagaceae	Castanopsis indica	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Campbell, 1980).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Castanopsis&Species=indica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Castanopsis&ftrSpecies=indica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Castanopsis+indica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Castanopsis&ftrSpecies=indica
Castanospermum australe	Fabaceae	Castanospermum australe	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 67.7%, LSMC= 65.5% (Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Castanospermum&Species=australe&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Castanospermum+australe	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Castanospermum&ftrSpecies=australe
Catasetum dilectum	Orchidaceae	Dressleria dilecta	No	No	Yes	No	<20% germination after 2 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Catasetum&Species=dilectum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Catasetum&ftrSpecies=dilectum
Cattleya aurantiaca	Orchidaceae	Guarianthe aurantiaca	No	No	Yes	No	There are some similarities of seed storage behaviour between Cattleya aurantiaca and the intermediate arabica coffee. First, seeds of Cattleya aurantiaca tolerate desiccation to moisture contents in equilibrium with 31% r.h., so do seeds of some cultivars of arabica coffee, e.g., Caturra (32% r.h.), Catimor (32% r.h.) (Table 2, Hong & Ellis, 1992c). Second, increase in longevity is observed when reducing seed moisture content from 14% (in equilibrium with 90% r.h.) to 5% (in equilibrium with about 27% r.h.) in Cattleya. Similarly, Cw= 3.5 for arabica coffee was estimated for seed moisture contents between 20% (in equilibrium with 92% r.h.) and 10% (in equilibrium with 50% r.h.) (HBSTGB). Third, cool temperatures (below 5°C) and sub-zero temperatures (-18°C) are more damaging for drier seeds of both species. Fourth, with unlimited number of seedlots and storage environments, optimum air-dry seed storage environments for Cattleya aurantiaca appear to be 5.6-6.5% mc (in equilibrium with 30-50% r.h.) and 5°C (Seaton & Hailes, 1989; Pritchard & Seaton, 1993), Haarer (1962) also found that 5°C with 35-55% r.h. are optimum environments for arabica coffee. Fifth, despite tropical origin, some seedlots of the intermediate arabica coffee are able to survive sub-zero temperatures, e.g., 50% to 80% of seeds of cv. N39 (1987) germinated after 3 years hermetic storage at -18°C with 7.8% mc (in equilibrium with 37% r.h.) (Hong & Ellis, 1992c). Similarly, seeds of Cattleya aurantiaca germinated 96% and 10% after 0.55 and 1 year, respectively, in hermetic storage at -18°C with 5.6% mc (in equilibrium with 31% r.h.) (Seaton % Hailes, 1989; Pritchard & Seaton, 1993). Because of theses similarities, we classify Cattleya aurantiaca in the intermediate seed storage behaviour.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cattleya&Species=aurantiaca&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cattleya&ftrSpecies=aurantiaca
Cattleya loddigesii	Orchidaceae	Cattleya loddigesii	No	No	Yes	No	20-50% germination after 2 months hermetic storage at -10C with pre-dried seeds (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cattleya&Species=loddigesii&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cattleya&ftrSpecies=loddigesii
Cenchrus agrimonioides	Poaceae	Cenchrus agrimonioides	Yes	No	No	No	Cenchrus agrimonioides: No viability lost after 10.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019) \| Cenchrus agrimonioides var. agrimonioides: Good plants grown from seeds collected from cultivated plants, but no attempt yet at long term storage; seeds are orthodox; seed set extremely low (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cenchrus&ftrSpecies=agrimonioides		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cenchrus&ftrSpecies=agrimonioides
Ceriops decandra	Rhizophoraceae	Ceriops decandra	No	Yes	No	No	Viviparity (Lemmens & Wulijarni-Soetjipto, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ceriops&Species=decandra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ceriops&ftrSpecies=decandra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ceriops+decandra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ceriops&ftrSpecies=decandra
Ceriops tagal	Rhizophoraceae	Ceriops tagal	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986); seeds do not tolerate excessive desiccation (Lemmens & Wulijarni-Soetjipto, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ceriops&Species=tagal&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ceriops&ftrSpecies=tagal	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ceriops+tagal	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ceriops&ftrSpecies=tagal
Chamaedorea alternans	Arecaceae	Chamaedorea alternans	No	Yes	No	No	Significant reduction in viability when dried to 28% of original water content on dry mass basis (ca 19% mc), and slight reduction when dried to 46% of original water content (ca 31% mc; Rodriguez et al., 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Chamaedorea&Species=alternans&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Chamaedorea&ftrSpecies=alternans	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Chamaedorea+alternans	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Chamaedorea&ftrSpecies=alternans
Chamaedorea tepejilote	Arecaceae	Chamaedorea tepejilote	No	Yes	No	No	MCS=40%, 25% survive desiccation to 16% mc (Hernandez, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Chamaedorea&Species=tepejilote&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Chamaedorea+tepejilote	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Chamaedorea&ftrSpecies=tepejilote
Charpentiera obovata	Amaranthaceae	Charpentiera obovata	No	No	Yes	No	Unknown storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 28% viability in 2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001a).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Charpentiera&Species=obovata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Charpentiera&ftrSpecies=obovata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Charpentiera+obovata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Charpentiera&ftrSpecies=obovata
Charpentiera tomentosa	Amaranthaceae	Charpentiera tomentosa	No	No	Yes	No	Charpentiera tomentosa: Lost 48% viability in 15.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001) \| Charpentiera tomentosa var. makuaensis: Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox, Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Charpentiera&Species=tomentosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Charpentiera&ftrSpecies=tomentosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Charpentiera+tomentosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Charpentiera&ftrSpecies=tomentosa
Cheirodendron platyphyllum	Araliaceae	Cheirodendron platyphyllum	Yes	No	No	No	Cheirodendron platyphyllum: Three collections over 15 yrs, no germination (Helm Wallace, 2015) \| Cheirodendron platyphyllum subsp. kauaiense: Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016) \| Cheirodendron platyphyllum subsp. platyphyllum: Very low germination (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; low viability; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cheirodendron&ftrSpecies=platyphyllum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cheirodendron+platyphyllum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cheirodendron&ftrSpecies=platyphyllum
Cheirodendron trigynum	Araliaceae	Cheirodendron trigynum	No	No	Yes	No	Cheirodendron trigynum: Lost 12% viability in 10.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT) \| Cheirodendron trigynum subsp. trigynum: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cheirodendron&Species=trigynum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cheirodendron&ftrSpecies=trigynum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cheirodendron+trigynum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cheirodendron&ftrSpecies=trigynum
Chrysodracon auwahiensis	Asparagaceae	Dracaena rockii	No	Yes	No	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Chrysodracon&ftrSpecies=auwahiensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Chrysodracon+auwahiensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Chrysodracon&ftrSpecies=auwahiensis
Chrysodracon forbesii	Asparagaceae	Dracaena forbesii	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 100% viability in 0.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Chrysodracon&ftrSpecies=forbesii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Chrysodracon+forbesii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Chrysodracon&ftrSpecies=forbesii
Chrysodracon hawaiiensis	Asparagaceae	Dracaena konaensis	No	Yes	No	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016)	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Chrysodracon&ftrSpecies=hawaiiensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Chrysodracon+hawaiiensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Chrysodracon&ftrSpecies=hawaiiensis
Chrysophyllum albidum	Sapotaceae	Chrysophyllum albidum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ng et al., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Chrysophyllum&Species=albidum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Chrysophyllum&ftrSpecies=albidum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Chrysophyllum&ftrSpecies=albidum
Chrysophyllum cainito	Sapotaceae	Chrysophyllum cainito	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds should not be dried before storage (cited by Harrington, 1972). Viability can be maintained for 6 months in moist storage at 20°C (Riley, 1981). 81% germination on desiccation to 4% mc(in equilibrium with 30% r.h.), 23% germination after 14 months subsequent hermetic storage at 10°C for one seed lot; 13% germination on desiccation to 7.6% mc (in equilibrium with 48% r.h.), none survives on further desiccationto 7% mc for another seed lot (SSLR).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Chrysophyllum&Species=cainito&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Chrysophyllum+cainito	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Chrysophyllum&ftrSpecies=cainito
Cinnamomum cassia	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum cassia	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are difficult to maintain (Doai Van Nguyen, pers. comm.); 80% germination when dried to 30.9% mc, total loss of viability at 13.7% mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 2000b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cinnamomum&Species=cassia&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cinnamomum+cassia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=cassia
Cinnamomum insulari-montanum	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum insularimontanum	No	Yes	No	No	This species is classified as recalcitrant by Lin & Huang (1994), but no evidence of desiccation sensitivity is given.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cinnamomum&Species=insulari-montanum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=insulari-montanum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cinnamomum+insulari-montanum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=insulari-montanum
Cinnamomum mercadoi	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum mercadoi	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cinnamomum&Species=mercadoi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=mercadoi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cinnamomum+mercadoi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=mercadoi
Cinnamomum subavenium	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum subavenium	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds show freezing sensitivity and partial desiccation tolerance. At 10% mc and 23C, viability remains at approximately 50% , but is reduced at the lower temperatures of 15 C and 4C, dropping to zero when frozen at -20C (Lin, 1996).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cinnamomum&Species=subavenium&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=subavenium	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cinnamomum+subavenium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=subavenium
Cinnamomum verum	Lauraceae	Cinnamomum verum	No	Yes	No	No	This species is classified as recalcitrant by Lin & Huang (1994), but no evidence of desiccation sensitivity is given.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cinnamomum&Species=verum&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cinnamomum+verum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cinnamomum&ftrSpecies=verum
Cirsium hillii	Asteraceae	Cirsium pumilum var. hillii	Yes	No	No	No	Cirsium pumilum var. hillii: Rarely sets seed (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cirsium&ftrSpecies=hillii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cirsium&ftrSpecies=hillii
Citrus aurantifolia	Rutaceae	Citrus aurantiifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Desiccation to 7.9% mc reduces viability by about 10% (King et al., 1981); lime seed is more tolerant of desiccation than orange (C. aurantium L.) but nevertheless the viability of intact seeds isreduced by 35% by desiccation to 3% mc (Mumford & Panggabean, 1982). 90% germination after 270 days hermetic storage at 4°C with 5% or 10% mc (Simbolon & Panggabean, 1986); 50% germination following cryostorage in liquid nitrogen with whole seeds at 12.9% mc, but 100% germination with excised embryonic axes at 9-11% mc (Normah & Serimala, 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=aurantifolia&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=aurantifolia
Citrus grandis	Rutaceae	Citrus maxima	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation to 10-12% mc, but further desiccation reduces viability (Honjo & Nakagawa, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=grandis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=maxima	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Citrus+grandis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=grandis
Citrus histrix	Rutaceae	Citrus hystrix	No	Yes	No	No	No seeds survived desiccation to 27% mc, 60% of excised embryonic axes at 11% mc survived cryostorage in liquid nitrogen (Normah & Serimala, 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=histrix&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Citrus+histrix	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=histrix
Citrus iyo	Rutaceae	Citrus iyo	No	No	Yes	No	Desiccation to 5% mc reduces viability by 60% (Honjo & Nakagawa, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=iyo&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=iyo
Citrus limon	Rutaceae	Citrus limon	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 48% Desiccation from 36% to 3.8% mc reduces viability from 86% to 46% and although the viability of seeds in hermetic storage at this mc and 5°C is maintained over 500 days, one third of those surviving the initial desiccation treatment fail to germinate after 500 days storage at -5°C (Barton, 1943). Desiccation of intact seeds to 3.4% mc reduces viability to 33%, but no further loss in viability occurs after 3 hours in liquid nitrogen (Mumford & Grout, 1979). In contrast, seeds from which testas are first removed tolerate desiccation to 1.2% mc, but the viability of seeds at 1.6% mc is reduced by 22% after 3 hours in liquid nitrogen (Mumford & Grout, 1979). Similarly, viability is reduced by 10-25% on desiccation to 5% mc (King & Roberts, 1980b), but in a further seed lot no loss in viability occurs in seeds stored at 11.9% and 5% mc and 2°-4°C and -20°C after 7 months (King et al., 1981). The viability of seeds from which testas are removed is reduced by 13% after 655 days storage at -18°C with 2% mc (Mumford & Panggabean, 1982). Finally, seeds survive desiccation to 5% mc, but about 15% lost viability on further desiccation to 3.3% mc (Soetisna et al., 1985). Seeds tolerate desiccation to 7.5% mc (in equilibrium with 48% r.h.), and more than 70% survive desiccation to 4% mc (in equilibrium with 15% r.h.) (SSLR). 7 % loss in viability after storage for 3 months at 7.5% mc and 5°C, 14 % loss when stored at 0°C and 19% loss at -20°C (Hong et al. 2001).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=limon&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=limon
Citrus otachihana	Rutaceae	Citrus reticulata	No	No	Yes	No	Desiccation to 7% reduces viability by 55% (Honjo & Nakagawa, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=otachihana&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=otachihana
Citrus reticulata	Rutaceae	Citrus reticulata	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 44% (SSLR) Very low viability (not specified) resulted from drying seeds at 40°C for 24 and 48 hours, after which times seed moisture contents are reduced to 7.5% and 3.7%, respectively, but seeds dried slowly at 5°C to 6.2% mc show 15-30% viability after three months (Mungomery et al., 1966). Partial desiccation tolerance has also been reported by others. For example; Eshuys (cited by King et al., 1981) stated that seeds were relatively tolerant of desiccation; Mallareddy et al. (1977) reported that seeds tolerated desiccation to 10% mc; while viability was lost on desiccation to about 5% mc (Ferreira, cited by King & Roberts, 1979). Similarly, our research has shown that desiccation to 4.6% mc reduced viability by 50%, and that complete loss in viability occurred after 7 months subsequent hermetic storage at -20°C (Hong & Ellis, 1995a).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=reticulata&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=reticulata
Citrus sinensis	Rutaceae	Citrus sinensis	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 52% (SSLR). Desiccation from 45% to 20% mc reduces viability from 71% to 9% (Barton, 1943). Seeds harvested at 50% mc and stored in a refrigerator at 2°-3°C dried slowly to 7.2% mc after 6 months, at which time viability is reduced from 81% to 20% (Bacchi, 1958a). Eshuys (cited by King et al., 1981) stated that seeds were relatively tolerant of desiccation, whereas Ferreira (cited by King & Roberts, 1979) reported complete loss in viability on desiccation to 6% mc. However, seeds maintained for 12 months in storage at 5°C with partially dried seeds (Riley, 1981). Seeds tolerate desiccation to 10.6% mc (in equilibrium with 70% r.h.), but further desiccation reduces viability, about 10% survive desiccation to 4% mc (in equilibrium with 20% r.h.) (SSRL). <20 % survival after drying to 8.7% mc and storage at 5°C for 210 days (Hong et al., 2001).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=sinensis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=sinensis
Citrus sulcata	Rutaceae	Citrus sulcata	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds survive desiccation to 12% mc, but only about 50% survive further desiccation to 9% (Honjo & Nakagawa, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=sulcata&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=sulcata
Citrus tamurana	Rutaceae	Citrus tamurana	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds survive desiccation to 12% mc, but only about 40% survive further desiccation to 9% (Honjo & Nakagawa, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Citrus&Species=tamurana&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Citrus&ftrSpecies=tamurana
Clarisia racemosa	Moraceae	Clarisia racemosa	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clarisia&Species=racemosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clarisia&ftrSpecies=racemosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clarisia+racemosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clarisia&ftrSpecies=racemosa
Clausena lansium	Rutaceae	Clausena lansium	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 50.4%; EMCS= 60% Viability maintained for 12 months in storage at 5°C with partially dried seeds (Riley, 1981); viability maintained if stored cool and if not excessively dried (Verheij & Coronel, 1991); complete loss in viability occurs after 9-11 days in open storage at 25°-30°C (Fu et al., 1989, 1994); seeds tolerate desiccation to about 40% mc, complete loss in viability when mean mc is reduced to about 20% (Fu et al., 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clausena&Species=lansium&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clausena+lansium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clausena&ftrSpecies=lansium
Clermontia clermontioides	Campanulaceae	Clermontia clermontioides	No	No	Yes	No	Clermontia clermontioides: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT) \| Clermontia clermontioides subsp. clermontioides: Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016) \| Clermontia clermontioides subsp. rockiana: Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clermontia&Species=clermontioides&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=clermontioides	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+clermontioides	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=clermontioides
Clermontia drepanomorpha	Campanulaceae	Clermontia drepanomorpha	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clermontia&Species=drepanomorpha&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=drepanomorpha	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+drepanomorpha	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=drepanomorpha
Clermontia fauriei	Campanulaceae	Clermontia fauriei	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 64% viability in 10 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clermontia&Species=fauriei&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=fauriei	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+fauriei	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=fauriei
Clermontia lindseyana	Campanulaceae	Clermontia lindseyana	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=lindseyana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+lindseyana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=lindseyana
Clermontia montis-loa	Campanulaceae	Clermontia montis-loa	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 71% viability in 17.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clermontia&Species=montis-loa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=montis-loa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+montis-loa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=montis-loa
Clermontia oblongifolia	Campanulaceae	Clermontia oblongifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Clermontia oblongifolia: Lost 7% viability in 17.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, pers. com.) \| Clermontia oblongifolia subsp. brevipes: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clermontia&Species=oblongifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=oblongifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+oblongifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=oblongifolia
Clermontia parviflora	Campanulaceae	Clermontia parviflora	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 3% viability in 5.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clermontia&Species=parviflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=parviflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+parviflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=parviflora
Clermontia persicifolia	Campanulaceae	Clermontia persicifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 11% viability in 5.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Clermontia&Species=persicifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=persicifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Clermontia+persicifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Clermontia&ftrSpecies=persicifolia
Cocos nucifera	Arecaceae	Cocos nucifera	No	Yes	No	No	70% and 44% of excised embryos survived desiccation to 14-15% and 8-9% mc, respectively, and about 40% of excised embryos treated with 10% DMSO plus 3% sucrose followed by partial desiccation (1-2h) survived 12-16 h in liquid nitrogen (Chin & Krishnapillay, 1991). Cryopreservation technique for coconut excised embryos comprises 4h pretreatment on a medium containing 600g/l glucose and 15% glycerol, followed by rapid freezing and thawing (Anon., 1992; Assy-Bah & Engelmann 1992; Engelmann et al., 1995b). With this technique, 43% of embryos excised from immature fruits (7-8 months after pollination) survive 1 month's cryostorage, and a few cryopreserved embryos produce whole plants, but 33-93% of embryos excised from mature fruits which have been dried for 4h under a flow hood and then placed in the same medium as above for 11-20 h before rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen produce whole plants with growth delayed by 1-2 months compared with non-frozen embryos (Anon., 1992; Assy-Bah & Engelmann1992; Engelmann et al., 1995b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cocos&Species=nucifera&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cocos+nucifera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cocos&ftrSpecies=nucifera
Coelogyne fimbriata	Orchidaceae	Coelogyne fimbriata	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 3 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Coelogyne&Species=fimbriata&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coelogyne&ftrSpecies=fimbriata
Coelogyne foerstermannii	Orchidaceae	Coelogyne foerstermannii	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds short-lived (Seaton et al., 2013).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coelogyne&ftrSpecies=foerstermannii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coelogyne&ftrSpecies=foerstermannii
Coffea arabica	Rubiaceae	Coffea arabica	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 48%; Bacchi (1958a) reported that, between 10% and 20% mc, seed longevity was inversely proportional to moisture content. Bendana (1962) observed no detrimental effects when seeds dried to 5% mc, whereas Bacchi (1955, 1956) and Huxley (1964a) reported a loss in germination following desiccation below 8% mc; and greater loss in viability following storage at 2°C to 5°C, and much more loss at sub-zero temperatures than at warmer temperatures were reported (Wellman & Toole, 1960; Bendana, 1962; Huxley, 1964a; Vossen, 1979). LSMC= 8%, unfreezable mc= 24%, viability was completely lost within 24 hours at -196°C with 8% mc (Becwar et al., 1983). Results of investigations on desiccation tolerance of 17 seed lots representing nine cultivars received from three continents showed that arabica coffee seeds tolerated desiccation to between 7% and 12% mc, i.e., in equilibrium with about 40-55% r.h., but further desiccation reduced germination in all seed lots; moreover, viability was lost rapidly at cool (5°C and 0°C) and sub-zero temperatures (-20°C), and at low moisture contents (Ellis, Hong & Roberts, 1990b, 1991a; Hong, 1992c). The optimum air-dry storage environments for the maintenance of seed viability is ambient temperature with 10% mc (Bacchi, 1958b), 10°C with 50% r.h. (about 10% mc) (Wellman & Toole, 1960), 9°C with 50% r.h. (Bendana, 1962), 5°C with 35-55% r.h. (about 7.5-11% mc) (Haarer, 1962), 10°C with 10-11% mc (Hong & Ellis, 1992c). Excised embryos tolerated desiccation to16.4% mc, viability was reduced to 56% and 8% on desiccation to 8.4% and 7.7% mc respecitvely; no loss in viability after 1 hour of cryostorage with excised embryos at 8.4% mc but no excised embryos at 7.7% mc survived 1 hour in liquid nitrogen (Abdelnour-Esquivel et al., 1992b). seed is partially desiccation tolerant and temperature sensitive, lowest safe moisture content of 10 % at 15°C, but 12 % at -20°C (Eira et al., 1999). There is evidence that some seed lots of cultivar Caturra can be maintained with high viability for at least 10.5 yrs at -20ºC and 8.4 % mc. At higher and lower mc's reduced viability was observed (Hong and Ellis, 2002). The authors go on to suggest that this mc (equivalent to equilibrating to 43 % RH at 20ºC) represents a narrow window within which medium-term storage of seed is possible.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Coffea&Species=arabica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=arabica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coffea+arabica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=arabica
Coffea canephora	Rubiaceae	Coffea canephora	No	No	Yes	No	No seeds survive in hermetic air-dy storage at sub-zero temperatures, when stored at 4°-7°C, survival for seeds with 13% mc is greater than that with 8.3% mc, which in turn is greater than that with7.4% mc (Huxley, 1964b). Desiccation to 11.3% mc reduces viability by 22% and only 2% survive further desiccation to 7% mc, survival in the best hermetic storage environment of 15°C with 11.3% mc is poor with 4% viability after 12months, viability is lost more rapidly during storage the lower the temperature below 15°C and the lower the moisture contents below 11.3% (Hong & Ellis, 1995a). 100% of excised embryos survived desiccation to 29% mc, but only 42% of those excised embryos survived subsequent cryostorage for 1 hour in liquid nitrogen; seed is partially desiccation tolerant and temperature sensitive, lowest safe moisture content of 10 % at 15°C, but 13 % at -20°C (Eira et al., 1999) (Abdelnour- Esquivel et al.,1992b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Coffea&Species=canephora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=canephora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coffea+canephora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=canephora
Coffea congensis	Rubiaceae	Coffea congensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seed is partially desiccation tolerant and temperature sensitive, lowest safe moisture content of 10% at 15C, but 12% at -20C (Eira et al., 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Coffea&Species=congensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=congensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coffea+congensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=congensis
Coffea dewevrei	Rubiaceae	Coffea liberica var. dewevrei	No	No	Yes	No	seed is partially desiccation tolerant and temperature sensitive, lowest safe moisture content of 12% at 15C, but 14% at -20C (Eira et al., 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Coffea&Species=dewevrei&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=liberica		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=dewevrei
Coffea liberica	Rubiaceae	Coffea liberica	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 57% (SSLR) Seeds are very much more sensitive to desiccation, with only 6% surviving desiccation to 13.5% mc, and no seeds surviving as few as six months storage in any of 15 environment combinations of temperatures (-20°C, 0°C, 15°C) and 5 moisture content treatments (between 5% and 14% mc (Hong & Ellis, 1995a). 53% of seeds survived esiccation to 16.7% mc followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen, 83-86% of embryonic axes survived desiccation to 15-20% mc followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen (Normah & Vengadasalam, 1992). Similarly, 66% of seeds survived desiccation to 14.6% mc, and no seeds survived subsequent storage in liquid nitrogen; however excised embryonic axes tolerated desiccation to 17.2% mc, and more than 70% of excised embryonic axes survived desiccation to 9.3% mc when fast drying, about 10% and 30% of embryonic axes at 10-17% mc survived liquid nitrogen, respectively (Hor et al., 1993); seed is partially desiccation tolerant and temperature sensitive, lowest safe moisture content of 16 % at 15°C, total vuability loss when stored at -20°C (Eira et al., 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Coffea&Species=liberica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=liberica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coffea+liberica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=liberica
Coffea racemosa	Rubiaceae	Coffea racemosa	No	No	Yes	No	Storage at 50% r.h. (about 10% mc) and 10C recommended (Carelli & Monaco, 1977); seed is partially desiccation tolerant and temperature sensitive, lowest safe moisture content of 8% at 15C, but 15% at -20C (Eira et al., 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Coffea&Species=racemosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=racemosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coffea+racemosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coffea&ftrSpecies=racemosa
Cojoba arborea	Fabaceae	Cojoba arborea	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Flores & Mora, 1984).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cojoba&Species=arborea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cojoba&ftrSpecies=arborea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cojoba+arborea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cojoba&ftrSpecies=arborea
Cola millenii	Malvaceae	Cola millenii	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ng et al., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cola&Species=millenii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cola&ftrSpecies=millenii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cola+millenii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cola&ftrSpecies=millenii
Copaifera multijuga	Fabaceae	Copaifera multijuga	No	No	Yes	No	Loss in viability on desiccation below 13% mc, 6C and 3C are damaging (Dr. I.D. Kossmann Ferraz, pers. com).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Copaifera&Species=multijuga&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Copaifera&ftrSpecies=multijuga	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Copaifera+multijuga	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Copaifera&ftrSpecies=multijuga
Coprosma cordicarpa	Rubiaceae	Coprosma foliosa	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=cordicarpa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+cordicarpa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=cordicarpa
Coprosma cymosa	Rubiaceae	Coprosma cymosa	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=cymosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=cymosa
Coprosma elliptica	Rubiaceae	Coprosma elliptica	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=elliptica		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=elliptica
Coprosma kauensis	Rubiaceae	Coprosma kauensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation but are senstive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). Lost 19% viability in 2.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=kauensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+kauensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=kauensis
Coprosma menziesii	Rubiaceae	Coprosma menziesii	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=menziesii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+menziesii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=menziesii
Coprosma montana	Rubiaceae	Coprosma montana	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=montana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+montana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=montana
Coprosma ochracea	Rubiaceae	Coprosma ochracea	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=ochracea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+ochracea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=ochracea
Coprosma pubens	Rubiaceae	Coprosma pubens	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=pubens	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+pubens	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=pubens
Coprosma rhynchocarpa	Rubiaceae	Coprosma rhynchocarpa	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 43% viability in 5.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=rhynchocarpa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+rhynchocarpa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=rhynchocarpa
Coprosma stephanocarpa	Rubiaceae	Coprosma foliosa	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=stephanocarpa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+stephanocarpa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=stephanocarpa
Coprosma ternata	Rubiaceae	Coprosma ternata	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=ternata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+ternata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=ternata
Coprosma waimeae	Rubiaceae	Coprosma waimeae	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=waimeae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Coprosma+waimeae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Coprosma&ftrSpecies=waimeae
Cordyla pinnata	Fabaceae	Cordyla pinnata	No	Yes	No	No	Rapid loss in viability below 30 % mc, with no seeds remaining viable when mc is further reduced to 24 %. Few undried seeds survive beyond 90 days when stored at 30°C or 15°C, and 60 days when stored at 5°C (Danthu et al., 2000); marked decline in viability below 40 % mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 2001b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cordyla&Species=pinnata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cordyla&ftrSpecies=pinnata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cordyla+pinnata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cordyla&ftrSpecies=pinnata
Corylus americana	Betulaceae	Corylus americana	No	No	Yes	No	Recalcitrant (Chin & Roberts, 1980). Seeds do not tolerate excessive desiccation (Heit, 1967c; Harrington, 1972); seeds should not be dried before storage and high humidity should be maintained (Brinkman, 1974e); viability maintained for1 year in cold moist storage (Brinkman, 1974e), for 1 year in open storage at room temperature (Brinkman, 1974e) and in hermetic storage at 5°C with fresh seeds (Brinkman, 1974e).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Corylus&Species=americana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Corylus&ftrSpecies=americana		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Corylus&ftrSpecies=americana
Corylus avellana	Betulaceae	Corylus avellana	No	No	Yes	No	Corylus avellana: Drying is damaging to seed viability (Slate, 1969; Harrington, 1972; Kowalski & Kowecki, 1982); seeds should not be dried before storage and high humidity should be maintained (Brinkman, 1974e); viability maintained for 1 year in cold moist storage (Brinkman, 1974e), for 1 year in the open storage at room temperature (Brinkman, 1974e), in hermetic storage at 5°C (Brinkman, 1974e), or more than 6 months in moist storage at 1°C (Slate, 1969). Seeds can be stored dry at 10°C (Bradbeer, 1968; Jarvis, 1975). Seeds tolerate desiccation to below 15% mc (Gordon & Rowe, 1982) and to 13.5% mc (Degeyter, 1987). No loss in viability occurs following 3.5 months hermetic storage at 2°C, -5°C with 13.5% mc (Degeyter, 1987). 85% of excised embryonic axes survived desiccation (mc not reported, drying under a stream of air overnight), 80% survived subsequent cryostorage in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1990). 50-80% of embryonic axes survived desiccation to 11-12% mc and subsequent exposure to liquid nitrogen (González-Benito & Pérez, 1994). Seeds tolerated desiccation to 14.6% mc, but none survived overnight in liquid nitrogen; however embryonic axes survived desiccation to about 3% mc and subsequent exposure to liquid nitrogen for 1 hour ( Normah et al., 1994) \| Corylus avellana var. pontica: 86% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 5 weeks at -20C at RBG Kew, WP.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?, Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Corylus&Species=avellana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Corylus&ftrSpecies=avellana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Corylus+avellana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Corylus&ftrSpecies=avellana
Corylus cornuta	Betulaceae	Corylus cornuta	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds can be stored in hermetic storage at 5°C (Brinkman, 1974e); no loss in viability after 14 months dry storage (mc and temperature not reported) (Hartmann, 1989); dry (mc not reported) and viable seeds were killed by cryostorage in liquid nitrogen (Stanwood & Bass, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Corylus&Species=cornuta&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Corylus&ftrSpecies=cornuta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Corylus+cornuta	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Corylus&ftrSpecies=cornuta
Cotylelobium burckii	Dipterocarpaceae	Cotylelobium burckii	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 30% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cotylelobium&Species=burckii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cotylelobium&ftrSpecies=burckii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cotylelobium+burckii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cotylelobium&ftrSpecies=burckii
Cotylelobium melanoxylon	Dipterocarpaceae	Cotylelobium melanoxylon	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC >or = 33%; 36% germination after 51 days moist storage at 21C with 35% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cotylelobium&Species=melanoxylon&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cotylelobium&ftrSpecies=melanoxylon	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cotylelobium+melanoxylon	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cotylelobium&ftrSpecies=melanoxylon
Couepia longipendula	Chrysobalanaceae	Couepia longipendula	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Couepia&Species=longipendula&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Couepia&ftrSpecies=longipendula
Crinum bulbispermum	Amaryllidaceae	Crinum bulbispermum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Crinum&Species=bulbispermum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Crinum&ftrSpecies=bulbispermum
Crinum macowanii	Amaryllidaceae	Crinum macowanii	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Crinum&Species=macowanii&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Crinum&ftrSpecies=macowanii
Crotalaria avonensis	Fabaceae	Crotalaria avonensis	Yes	No	No	No	Seed is likely orthodox; but seed production is low; developed in vitro collecting, micropropagation, and cryopreservation protocols (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Crotalaria&ftrSpecies=avonensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Crotalaria&ftrSpecies=avonensis
Cryptocarya floribunda	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya floribunda	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Thapliyal et al., 2004).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cryptocarya&Species=floribunda&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cryptocarya&ftrSpecies=floribunda
Cryptocarya mannii	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya mannii	No	Yes	No	No	rare, recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015). Recalcitrant (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cryptocarya&ftrSpecies=mannii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cryptocarya+mannii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cryptocarya&ftrSpecies=mannii
Cryptocarya oahuensis	Lauraceae	Cryptocarya mannii	No	Yes	No	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cryptocarya&ftrSpecies=oahuensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cryptocarya+oahuensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cryptocarya&ftrSpecies=oahuensis
Cupania cinerea	Sapindaceae	Cupania cinerea	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cupania&Species=cinerea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cupania&ftrSpecies=cinerea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cupania+cinerea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cupania&ftrSpecies=cinerea
Cupania dentata	Sapindaceae	Cupania dentata	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 44%, 15% survive desiccation to 17.6% mc (Hernandez, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cupania&Species=dentata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cupania&ftrSpecies=dentata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cupania+dentata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cupania&ftrSpecies=dentata
Cupania glabra	Sapindaceae	Cupania glabra	No	Yes	No	No	Significant reduction in viability when dried to 28% of original water content on dry mass basis (ca 22% mc), and slight reduction when dried to 46% (ca 36% mc; Rodriguez et al., 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cupania&Species=glabra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cupania&ftrSpecies=glabra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cupania+glabra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cupania&ftrSpecies=glabra
Cyanea angustifolia	Campanulaceae	Cyanea angustifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 60% viability in 20.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cyanea&Species=angustifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=angustifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cyanea+angustifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=angustifolia
Cyanea asplenifolia	Campanulaceae	Cyanea asplenifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=asplenifolia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=asplenifolia
Cyanea aspleniifolia	Campanulaceae	Cyanea asplenifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=aspleniifolia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=aspleniifolia
Cyanea copelandii	Campanulaceae	Cyanea copelandii	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 26% viability in 9.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=copelandii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=copelandii
Cyanea hamatiflora	Campanulaceae	Cyanea hamatiflora	Yes	No	Yes	No	Cyanea hamatiflora subsp. hamatiflora: Produces few or no seeds, fruits often compromised by insects, seeds sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=hamatiflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cyanea+hamatiflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=hamatiflora
Cyanea hirtella	Campanulaceae	Cyanea hirtella	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=hirtella	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cyanea+hirtella	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=hirtella
Cyanea koolauensis	Campanulaceae	Cyanea koolauensis	No	No	Yes	No	Likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 88% viability in 6.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=koolauensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=koolauensis
Cyanea lanceolata	Campanulaceae	Cyanea lanceolata	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation but are senstive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 24% viability in 2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=lanceolata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=lanceolata
Cyanea lobata	Campanulaceae	Cyanea lobata	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Lost 13% viability in 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=lobata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=lobata
Cyanea longiflora	Campanulaceae	Cyanea longiflora	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 43% viability in 14.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=longiflora		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=longiflora
Cyanea membranacea	Campanulaceae	Cyanea membranacea	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 60% viability in 18.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox p	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cyanea&Species=membranacea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=membranacea		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=membranacea
Cyanea purpurellifolia	Campanulaceae	Cyanea purpurellifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 40% viability in 10.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=purpurellifolia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=purpurellifolia
Cyanea rivularis	Campanulaceae	Cyanea rivularis	No	No	Yes	No	Likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 65% viability in 10.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=rivularis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=rivularis
Cyanea st.-johnii	Campanulaceae	Cyanea st-johnii	No	No	Yes	No	Likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 16% viability in 5.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=st-johnii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=st.-johnii
Cyanea truncata	Campanulaceae	Cyanea truncata	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 77% viability in 11.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=truncata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyanea&ftrSpecies=truncata
Cycladenia humilis	Apocynaceae	Cycladenia humilis	Yes	No	No	No	Cycladenia humilis var. jonesii: Low seed viability (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cycladenia&ftrSpecies=humilis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cycladenia&ftrSpecies=humilis
Cycnoches haagii	Orchidaceae	Cycnoches haagii	No	No	Yes	No	<20% germination after 2 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cycnoches&Species=haagii&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cycnoches&ftrSpecies=haagii
Cynometra bauhiniifolia	Fabaceae	Cynometra bauhiniifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cynometra&Species=bauhiniifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cynometra&ftrSpecies=bauhiniifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cynometra+bauhiniifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cynometra&ftrSpecies=bauhiniifolia
Cypripedium arietinum	Orchidaceae	Cypripedium arietinum	Yes	No	No	No	Sets low seed in the wild; extremely difficult to store and germinate (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cypripedium&ftrSpecies=arietinum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cypripedium&ftrSpecies=arietinum
Cyrtandra cordifolia	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra cordifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 36% viability in 12.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=cordifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Cyrtandra+cordifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=cordifolia
Cyrtandra filipes	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra filipes	No	No	Yes	No	Unknown storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 45% viability in 5.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cyrtandra&Species=filipes&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=filipes		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=filipes
Cyrtandra gracilis	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra gracilis	Yes	No	Yes	No	Produces good quality seeds infrequently; seeds produced are often the result of hybridization (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 32% viability in 10.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=gracilis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=gracilis
Cyrtandra grandiflora	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra grandiflora	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 57% viability in 15.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Cyrtandra&Species=grandiflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=grandiflora		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=grandiflora
Cyrtandra hawaiensis	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra hawaiensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but may be sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 15% viability in 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=hawaiensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=hawaiensis
Cyrtandra kaulantha	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra kaulantha	Yes	No	No	No	Produces good quality seeds infrequently; seeds produced are often the result of hybridization (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=kaulantha		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=kaulantha
Cyrtandra rivularis	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra rivularis	No	No	Yes	No	Unknown storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 38% viability in 5.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=rivularis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=rivularis
Cyrtandra sessilis	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra sessilis	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 90% viability in 10.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=sessilis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=sessilis
Cyrtandra subumbellata	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra subumbellata	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 52% viability in 8 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=subumbellata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=subumbellata
Cyrtandra viridiflora	Gesneriaceae	Cyrtandra viridiflora	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox; probably only last for closer to 5 years before viability of collection declines; short-lived; seeds are banked and viable (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 63% viability in 5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=viridiflora		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Cyrtandra&ftrSpecies=viridiflora
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides	Podocarpaceae	Dacrycarpus dacrydioides	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 43%, no loss in viability on desication to 16% mc, about 60% survive desiccation to 5% mc, but none survives desiccation to 3% mc (Fountain & Outred, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dacrycarpus&Species=dacrydioides&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dacrycarpus&ftrSpecies=dacrydioides	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dacrycarpus+dacrydioides	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dacrycarpus&ftrSpecies=dacrydioides
Dacrydium cupressinum	Podocarpaceae	Dacrydium cupressinum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dacrydium&Species=cupressinum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dacrydium&ftrSpecies=cupressinum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dacrydium+cupressinum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dacrydium&ftrSpecies=cupressinum
Deeringothamnus pulchellus	Annonaceae	Deeringothamnus rugelii var. pulchellus	Yes	Yes	No	No	Poor seed production; possibly recalcitrant; we also have this in tissue culture, as well as tissue cryo; developed in vitro collecting, micropropagation, and cryopreservation protocols (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Deeringothamnus&ftrSpecies=pulchellus		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Deeringothamnus&ftrSpecies=pulchellus
Deeringothamnus rugelii	Annonaceae	Deeringothamnus rugelii	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds thought to be recalcitrant; we also have this in tissue culture, as well as tissue cryo; eveloped in vitro collecting, micropropagation, and cryopreservation protocols (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Deeringothamnus&ftrSpecies=rugelii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Deeringothamnus&ftrSpecies=rugelii
Delissea subcordata	Campanulaceae	Delissea subcordata	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Delissea&Species=subcordata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Delissea&ftrSpecies=subcordata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Delissea&ftrSpecies=subcordata
Deschampsia nubigena	Poaceae	Deschampsia nubigena	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 50% viability in 10 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Deschampsia&ftrSpecies=nubigena		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Deschampsia&ftrSpecies=nubigena
Detarium microcarpum	Fabaceae	Detarium microcarpum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ng et al., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Detarium&Species=microcarpum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Detarium&ftrSpecies=microcarpum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Detarium+microcarpum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Detarium&ftrSpecies=microcarpum
Dicerandra immaculata	Lamiaceae	Dicerandra frutescens var. immaculata	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds do not last >1 year in ambient storage; seeds last >1 in frozen storage, but storage temps not well evaluated; may be seed limited in the wild; pollinators, degraded habitat, and predators may be lowering seed viability in the wild; very low germination rate; as low as 4% of ripe seeds can be intact, due to fungus, seed predators, etc. (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dicerandra&ftrSpecies=immaculata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dicerandra&ftrSpecies=immaculata
Dicranostigma franchetianum	Papaveraceae	Dicranostigma franchetianum	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP; germination change 95 to 25%, 16 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dicranostigma&Species=franchetianum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dicranostigma&ftrSpecies=franchetianum
Dimocarpus longan	Sapindaceae	Dimocarpus longan	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 46% (Chin et al., 1984) No seeds remain viable when the mean seed moisture content is reduced to 18% (Chin et al., 1984). 70% survival after 7 weeks storage with anesthetic substances; e.g., moist storage at 8°-10°C with 100% r.h. and with 80% nitrous oxide plus 20% oxygen, while no seeds remain viable when stored with water saturated air at same temperature (Sowa, Roos & Zee, 1991). 67% germination after 250 days moist storage in moist (20% mc) perlite plus 4% chlorthalonil, at 15°C (Xia et al., 1992). Excised embryonic axes tolerate desiccation to 10% mc when dried fast, 80% remain viable after 12 hours subsequent storage in liquid nitrogen (Fu et al., 1990). Excised embryonic axes tolerate desiccation to 13-20% mc, no loss in viability after 24 hours storage in liquid nitrogen with excised embryonic axes desiccated to 18% mc (Fu et al., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dimocarpus&Species=longan&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dimocarpus&ftrSpecies=longan	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dimocarpus+longan	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dimocarpus&ftrSpecies=longan
Diospyros confertiflora	Ebenaceae	Diospyros confertiflora	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 56% (Chin et al., 1984) Based on information provided by Chin et al. (1984), Hofmann & Steiner (1989) classified this species as recalcitrant.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Diospyros&Species=confertiflora&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Diospyros+confertiflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=confertiflora
Diospyros hillebrandii	Ebenaceae	Diospyros hillebrandii	Yes	No	No	No	Hardly any seed set; germination in TC but cannot maintain (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=hillebrandii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Diospyros+hillebrandii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=hillebrandii
Diospyros kaki	Ebenaceae	Diospyros kaki	No	No	Yes	No	Further investigation on seed storage behaviour of this important species is worthwhile. Kotobuki (1980) ascribed the differences in desiccation sensitivity to intervarietal difference, however this intervarietal difference appears to be similar to that reported for arabica coffee (see Ellis et al., 1990a, 1991a). This suggests that degree of maturity and seed handling and processing procedures may influence the response of survival to storage environments.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Diospyros&Species=kaki&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Diospyros+kaki	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=kaki
Diospyros philippensis	Ebenaceae	Diospyros discolor	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Diospyros&Species=philippensis&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Diospyros+philippensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=philippensis
Diospyros pilosanthera	Ebenaceae	Diospyros pilosanthera	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Diospyros&Species=pilosanthera&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Diospyros+pilosanthera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=pilosanthera
Diospyros sandwicensis	Ebenaceae	Diospyros sandwicensis	No	Yes	No	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016). Recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Diospyros&Species=sandwicensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Diospyros+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diospyros&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Diploknema butyracea	Sapotaceae	Diploknema butyracea	No	Yes	No	No	Rapid loss in viability below 25% mc. Total loss of viability after 20 days when stored at 25C and 5C (Dhar et al., 1999); Viability lost within 5 days in open storage at room temperature (Campbell, 1980).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Diploknema&Species=butyracea&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Diploknema+butyracea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diploknema&ftrSpecies=butyracea
Dipterocarpus alatus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus alatus	No	No	Yes	No	Tompsett (1987, 1990, 1992, 1994) used the term orthodox to classify this species. However, seeds of this species are neither recalcitrant since they tolerate desiccation to 12% mc (Tompsett, 1992) nor orthodox on the basis of the criteria used here since viability is lost on desiccation to 8% mc (Tompsett, 1987, 1990), and 44% lost after 2.5 years hermetic storage at -18°C with 12% mc (Tompsett, 1992). This seed storage behaviour is comparable with the intermediate seed storage behaviour of arabica coffee.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=alatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=alatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+alatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=alatus
Dipterocarpus caudatus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus caudatus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 47% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=caudatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=caudatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+caudatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=caudatus
Dipterocarpus chartaceus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus chartaceus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=chartaceus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=chartaceus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+chartaceus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=chartaceus
Dipterocarpus costatus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus costatus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds should never be kept longer than a week (Dent, 1948); LSMC >38% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=costatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=costatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+costatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=costatus
Dipterocarpus grandiflorus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus grandiflorus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are recalcitrant (Orwa et al., 2009). Orthodox (Dayan, 1992).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=grandiflorus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=grandiflorus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+grandiflorus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=grandiflorus
Dipterocarpus intricatus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus intricatus	No	No	Yes	No	Tompsett (1987, 1994) used the term orthodox to classify this species. However, the fact that viability is lost by half on desiccation to 7% mc (Tompsett, 1987) suggests that this species shows intermediate seed storage behaviour.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=intricatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=intricatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+intricatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=intricatus
Dipterocarpus obtusifolius	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus obtusifolius	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 50%, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 25%, RSS> or = 50% mc and 21C (Tompsett, 1987).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=obtusifolius&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=obtusifolius	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+obtusifolius	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=obtusifolius
Dipterocarpus retusus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus retusus	No	Yes	No	No	MCS=55 %; rapid loss in viability when dried below 36 % mc, total viability loss at 23 % mc. Moist seeds are chilling sensitive. Most successful storage conditions over a 3 month period were moist storage (at MCS = approx' 55 % mc) at 15ºC, which resulted in 61 % germination (Kundu, 2001).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=retusus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=retusus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+retusus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=retusus
Dipterocarpus tuberculatus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus tuberculatus	No	No	Yes	No	Tompsett (1987, 1992) used the term orthodox to classify this species. However, the fact that viability is lost by about 50% which is the result of desiccation to 7% mc (Tompsett, 1987), or hermetic storage at -20°C with 12% mc (Tompsett, 1992) suggests that storage behaviour of this species is comparable with the intermediate arabica coffee.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=tuberculatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=tuberculatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+tuberculatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=tuberculatus
Dipterocarpus turbinatus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus turbinatus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds should be sown immediately (Dent, 1948); LSMC= 45%, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 25%; 8% germination after 23 weeks moist storage at 16C with 41-44% mc or 100% r.h. (Tompsett, 1987).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=turbinatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=turbinatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+turbinatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=turbinatus
Dipterocarpus zeylanicus	Dipterocarpaceae	Dipterocarpus zeylanicus	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC >50%, 53% germination after 100 days moist storage at 21C with 39% mc, or 99% r.h. (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipterocarpus&Species=zeylanicus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=zeylanicus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipterocarpus+zeylanicus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipterocarpus&ftrSpecies=zeylanicus
Dipteryx odorata	Fabaceae	Dipteryx odorata	No	No	Yes	No	No loss in viability after drying at 40°C for 24 hours (Varela & Façanha, 1987); seeds tolerated partial desiccation , loss in viability in subsequent storage at -20°C (Cunha et al., 1995b); loss in viability on desiccation to < 12%mc, 6°C and -3°C are damaging (I.D.Kossmann Ferraz, pers.com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dipteryx&Species=odorata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dipteryx&ftrSpecies=odorata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dipteryx+odorata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dipteryx&ftrSpecies=odorata
Diptyochocarpus stricta	Brassicaceae	Diptychocarpus strictus	No	No	No	Yes	Indehiscent fruit very hard to germinate in the lab, may take up to 5 years (Lu et al., 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Diptyochocarpus&ftrSpecies=stricta
Dissochondrus biflorus	Poaceae	Dissochondrus biflorus	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 40% viability in 5.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dissochondrus&Species=biflorus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dissochondrus&ftrSpecies=biflorus		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dissochondrus&ftrSpecies=biflorus
Doritis pulcherrima	Orchidaceae	Phalaenopsis pulcherrima	No	No	Yes	No	<20% germination after 2 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Doritis&Species=pulcherrima&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Doritis&ftrSpecies=pulcherrima
Dryobalanops aromatica	Dipterocarpaceae	Dryobalanops sumatrensis	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 44%-54% (Tamari, 1976); viviparous germination occurs on the mother tree at maturity (Sasaki, 1980) Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 37% (Tang and Tamari, 1973); LSMC= 34% (Yap, 1981); 60% germination on desiccation to 29% mc (Tamari, 1976); moist seeds survive temperatures below 10°C for 1-2 weeks, after which time viability is rapidly reduced, e.g., viability is lost after 1 month at 4°C (Sasaki, 1980); 50% germination after 16 days moist storage at 14°C with 38-40% mc (Yap, 1981). Sasaki (1980) classified this species in the White Meranti Group since their seeds are able to survive 4°C.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dryobalanops&Species=aromatica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dryobalanops&ftrSpecies=aromatica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dryobalanops+aromatica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dryobalanops&ftrSpecies=aromatica
Dryobalanops lanceolata	Dipterocarpaceae	Dryobalanops lanceolata	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 42% (Tompsett, 1992), LSMC= 60% (Schaffalitzky de Muckadell & Pilim, 1983); 92% germination after 62 days moist storage at 21C with 51% mc in ventilated polythene bag (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dryobalanops&Species=lanceolata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dryobalanops&ftrSpecies=lanceolata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dryobalanops+lanceolata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dryobalanops&ftrSpecies=lanceolata
Dubautia herbstobatae	Asteraceae	Dubautia herbstobatae	Yes	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox; though seed set is extremely low (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 44% viability in 15 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dubautia&Species=herbstobatae&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dubautia&ftrSpecies=herbstobatae		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dubautia&ftrSpecies=herbstobatae
Dubautia latifolia	Asteraceae	Dubautia latifolia	Yes	No	No	No	Very low viability, but more research needed (Helm Wallace, 2015). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dubautia&Species=latifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dubautia&ftrSpecies=latifolia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dubautia&ftrSpecies=latifolia
Dubautia laxa	Asteraceae	Dubautia laxa	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 36% viability in 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dubautia&Species=laxa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dubautia&ftrSpecies=laxa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dubautia&ftrSpecies=laxa
Durio zeylanicus	Malvaceae	Durio ceylanicus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Durio&Species=zeylanicus&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Durio+zeylanicus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Durio&ftrSpecies=zeylanicus
Durio zibethinus	Malvaceae	Durio zibethinus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation to 41.5% mc if dried slowly, to 38.5% mc if dried rapidly (Grabe, 1989). Similarly, seeds tolerate desiccation to 26% mc and none survives further desiccation to 20.1% mc. Excised embryostolerate desiccation to 53.9% mc and none survives further desiccation to 40.1% mc. Freezable water is detected in embryo at moisture contents >32% (Hor et al., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Durio&Species=zibethinus&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Durio+zibethinus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Durio&ftrSpecies=zibethinus
Dypsis lutescens	Arecaceae	Dypsis lutescens	No	Yes	No	No	Complete loss in viability after 1 month moist storage at 3°-5°C, 2 months at 30°C (Sento, 1972); MCS= 51%, LSMC=43%, unfreezable water content= 42%, no seeds survive in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours (Becwar et al., 1983); 20% germination after 600 days storage at 23°C with sub-imbibed seeds (or at 80-90% r.h.), treated with thiram (Broschat & Donselman, 1986, 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dypsis&Species=lutescens&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dypsis&ftrSpecies=lutescens	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dypsis+lutescens	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dypsis&ftrSpecies=lutescens
Dypsis pinnatifrons	Arecaceae	Dypsis pinnatifrons	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dypsis&Species=pinnatifrons&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dypsis&ftrSpecies=pinnatifrons	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dypsis+pinnatifrons	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dypsis&ftrSpecies=pinnatifrons
Dysoxylum altissimum	Meliaceae	Dysoxylum excelsum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dysoxylum&Species=altissimum&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dysoxylum+altissimum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dysoxylum&ftrSpecies=altissimum
Dysoxylum arborescens	Meliaceae	Dysoxylum arborescens	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dysoxylum&Species=arborescens&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dysoxylum+arborescens	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dysoxylum&ftrSpecies=arborescens
Dysoxylum cauliflorum	Meliaceae	Dysoxylum cauliflorum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dysoxylum&Species=cauliflorum&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dysoxylum+cauliflorum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dysoxylum&ftrSpecies=cauliflorum
Dysoxylum decandrum	Meliaceae	Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dysoxylum&Species=decandrum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Dysoxylum&ftrSpecies=gaudichaudianum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dysoxylum+decandrum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dysoxylum&ftrSpecies=decandrum
Dysoxylum spectabile	Meliaceae	Dysoxylum spectabile	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Fountain & Outred, 1991); moist storage at 2-4C recommended (Bergin & Dorsser, 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Dysoxylum&Species=spectabile&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Dysoxylum+spectabile	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Dysoxylum&ftrSpecies=spectabile
Ecballium elaterium	Cucurbitaceae	Ecballium elaterium	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP. Germination change 90 to 50%, 14 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ecballium&Species=elaterium&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ecballium&ftrSpecies=elaterium
Ekebergia capensis	Meliaceae	Ekebergia capensis	No	Yes	No	No	Classified by Pammeter et al. (1998) as recalcitrant on the basis of unpublished data. 52% germination with seeds at 21% mc, 39% germination after 9 months subsequent storage at 4C (G. Balcha & J. Blyth, pers. com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ekebergia&Species=capensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ekebergia&ftrSpecies=capensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ekebergia+capensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ekebergia&ftrSpecies=capensis
Elaeis guineensis	Arecaceae	Elaeis guineensis	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 23% (Chin et al., 1984) Seed storage behaviour has been reviewed (Ellis, Hong & Roberts, 1985b). Storage temperature of 5°C is damaging to seed viability in moist storage (Mok & Hor, 1977). Kernels are safely dried to 4.4% mc when set to germinate in vitro, however hermetic storage of intact kernels at -18°C or -196°C with moisture contents between 20.9% and 4.4% results in complete loss in viability; excised embryos are safely dried to 19.9% mc, but further desiccation to 10.4% mc reduces viability by about 13%, no loss in viability after 8 months subsequent storage in liquid nitrogen (Grout et al., 1983). No loss in viability occurs after 4 months hermetic storage at either 10°C or 30°C with 19.4 - 5.2% mc (Roberts et al., 1984). 50-70% of excised embryos survive desiccation to 10.4% mc by slow drying and no loss in viability in subsequent cryostorage overnight (Hor et al., 1994). Similar results of cryostorage of excised embryos have been reported by Engelmann et al. (1995a; 1995b). Seeds tolerate desiccation to 10-6% mc, depending on seed lot, no loss in viability after 12 months subsequent hermetic storage at 15°C, but complete loss in viability occurs at 0°C, and -20°C (Ellis et al., 1991d).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Elaeis&Species=guineensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Elaeis&ftrSpecies=guineensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Elaeis+guineensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Elaeis&ftrSpecies=guineensis
Elaeocarpus bifidus	Elaeocarpaceae	Elaeocarpus bifidus	Yes	No	No	No	Unknown storage potential; low viability; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input				https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Elaeocarpus+bifidus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Elaeocarpus&ftrSpecies=bifidus
Elettaria cardamomum	Zingiberaceae	Elettaria cardamomum	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 43% (Sangakkara,1990) 77% initial germination but after 9 months 1% and 26% germination for seeds and fruits stored dry at room temperatures, respectively (Sulikeri & Kololgi, 1977); no seeds survived desiccation at 40C to 33% mc , 12% germination following 15 days' storage in sealed polyethylene containers at 5°C (Sangakkara,1990); viability was reduced from 90% to 16% on desiccation to 7.5% mc (J.B. Dickie, pers. com.), a little loss in viability (ca. 4%) after 3 years subsequent hermetic storage at -20°C when tested at Reading (SSLR). Seeds tolerated desiccation to 7.7% mc., no loss in viability with seeds at 7.7%-10% mc after 1 year in vapour pase of liquid nitrogen (-150°C) (Chaudhury & Chandel, 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Elettaria&Species=cardamomum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Elettaria&ftrSpecies=cardamomum
Embelia pacifica	Primulaceae	Embelia pacifica	Yes	No	No	No	Very difficult to collect seeds, no viability from what little we've received (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Embelia&ftrSpecies=pacifica		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Embelia&ftrSpecies=pacifica
Encyclia sceptra	Orchidaceae	Prosthechea sceptra	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 3 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Encyclia&Species=sceptra&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Encyclia&ftrSpecies=sceptra
Epidendrum nocturnum	Orchidaceae	Epidendrum nocturnum	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 6 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Epidendrum&Species=nocturnum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Epidendrum&ftrSpecies=nocturnum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Epidendrum&ftrSpecies=nocturnum
Epidendrum pallidiflorum	Orchidaceae	Epidendrum pallidiflorum	No	No	Yes	No	<75% germination after 3 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Epidendrum&Species=pallidiflorum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Epidendrum&ftrSpecies=pallidiflorum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Epidendrum&ftrSpecies=pallidiflorum
Epidendrum patens	Orchidaceae	Epidendrum patens	No	No	Yes	No	<75% germination after 7 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Epidendrum&Species=patens&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Epidendrum&ftrSpecies=patens		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Epidendrum&ftrSpecies=patens
Eragrostis atropioides	Poaceae	Eragrostis atropioides	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 47% viability in 15.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Eragrostis&Species=atropioides&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Eragrostis&ftrSpecies=atropioides		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eragrostis&ftrSpecies=atropioides
Eriodictyon capitatum	Boraginaceae	Eriodictyon capitatum	Yes	No	No	No	Few Seeds (USFWS 2010).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Eriodictyon&ftrSpecies=capitatum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eriodictyon&ftrSpecies=capitatum
Erythrina sandwicensis	Fabaceae	Erythrina sandwicensis	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 26% viability in 10.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Erythrina&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Erythrina+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Erythrina&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Erythronium propullans	Liliaceae	Erythronium propullans	Yes	No	No	No	Not known to produce seed/few seeds are produced (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Erythronium&ftrSpecies=propullans		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Erythronium&ftrSpecies=propullans
Eugenia brasiliensis	Myrtaceae	Eugenia brasiliensis	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, only 7.5% germinate following 1 month open storage at 15°C and 75% r.h., no seeds germinate following 1 month open storage at 23°C and 45% r.h., whereas 89% germinate following 6 months storage at 15°C with seeds imbibed with 10-4M ABA (Goldbach, 1979b); viability lost within 6 weeks in open storage at room temperature (Verheij & Coronel, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Eugenia&Species=brasiliensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=brasiliensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Eugenia+brasiliensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=brasiliensis
Eugenia dysenterica	Myrtaceae	Eugenia dysenterica	No	Yes	No	No	MCS = 21.6-68.9% , mean = 37.3% ; total viability loss when dried to 19% mc; storage at ambient temperatures with high seed mc recommended (Mittal et al., 1999b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Eugenia&Species=dysenterica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=dysenterica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Eugenia+dysenterica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=dysenterica
Eugenia koolauensis	Myrtaceae	Eugenia koolauensis	Yes	Yes	No	No	Plants on our property are very impacted by the airborne "koa rust" fungus; no seed set on culttivated plants; recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=koolauensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Eugenia+koolauensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=koolauensis
Eugenia reinwardtiana	Myrtaceae	Eugenia reinwardtiana	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=reinwardtiana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Eugenia+reinwardtiana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=reinwardtiana
Eugenia stipitata	Myrtaceae	Eugenia stipitata	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Eugenia&Species=stipitata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=stipitata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Eugenia+stipitata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eugenia&ftrSpecies=stipitata
Euphorbia skottsbergii	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia skottsbergii	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 86% viability in 12.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Euphorbia&ftrSpecies=skottsbergii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Euphorbia&ftrSpecies=skottsbergii
Eusideroxylon spp.	Lauraceae		No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Eusideroxylon&Species=spp.&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Eusideroxylon&ftrSpecies=spp.
Euterpe edulis	Arecaceae	Euterpe edulis	No	Yes	No	No	Viability is lost quickly in open storage, and can be maintained for about 5 months, or more when stored moist, at 5°- 10°C (Bovi & Cardoso, 1978); 17% germination after 330 days in moist storage (43-54% mc) at 3°C, viability lost after 150 days storage at 22°C with 45% r.h. (Figliolia et al., 1987). Lowest safe moisture content 30 % with total loss of viability when seeds dried to 24 %; chilling damage occurs at 5°C at a range of moisture contents between 45% and 18%; seeds can be stored for up to 12 months at 12-15°C and 40 % mc (Andrade, 2001).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Euterpe&Species=edulis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Euterpe&ftrSpecies=edulis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Euterpe+edulis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Euterpe&ftrSpecies=edulis
Euterpe oleracea	Arecaceae	Euterpe oleracea	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Euterpe&Species=oleracea&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Euterpe+oleracea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Euterpe&ftrSpecies=oleracea
Euterpe precatoria	Arecaceae	Euterpe precatoria	No	Yes	No	No	Loss in viability on desiccation < 17% mc (Dr.I.D. Kossman Ferraz, pers.com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Euterpe&Species=precatoria&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Euterpe+precatoria	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Euterpe&ftrSpecies=precatoria
Exocarpos gaudichaudii	Santalaceae	Exocarpos gaudichaudii	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds are infrequently produced and when produced are poor-quality or non-viable (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Exocarpos&ftrSpecies=gaudichaudii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Exocarpos+gaudichaudii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Exocarpos&ftrSpecies=gaudichaudii
Fimbristylis cymosa	Cyperaceae	Fimbristylis cymosa	No	No	Yes	No	Fimbristylis cymosa: Lost 14% viability in 5.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). 95% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 123 days at -20C at RBG Kew, WP \| Fimbristylis cymosa subsp. cymosa: 95% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 19 days at -20C at RBG Kew, WP.	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Fimbristylis&Species=cymosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Fimbristylis&ftrSpecies=cymosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Fimbristylis&ftrSpecies=cymosa
Flueggea neowawraea	Phyllanthaceae	Flueggea neowawraea	No	No	Yes	No	Unknown storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 52% viability in 15.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Flueggea&Species=neowawraea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Flueggea&ftrSpecies=neowawraea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Flueggea+neowawraea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Flueggea&ftrSpecies=neowawraea
Freycinetia arborea	Pandanaceae	Freycinetia arborea	No	No	Yes	No	Low storage potential; short-lived (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Freycinetia&ftrSpecies=arborea
Fumaria muralis	Papaveraceae	Fumaria muralis	No	No	Yes	No	Fumaria muralis: Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP; germination change 92 to 55%, 13 years, 1 collection \| Fumaria muralis subsp. boraei: 90% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 1 month at -20C at RBG Kew, WP	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Fumaria&Species=muralis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Fumaria&ftrSpecies=muralis
Gahnia beecheyi	Cyperaceae	Gahnia beecheyi	No	No	Yes	Yes	No germination at 3 temperatures after 64 weeks (Baskin et al., 2004). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 30% viability in 3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, NTBG).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Gahnia&Species=beecheyi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Gahnia&ftrSpecies=beecheyi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Gahnia&ftrSpecies=beecheyi
Garcinia binucao	Clusiaceae	Garcinia binucao	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Garcinia&Species=binucao&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Garcinia+binucao	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=binucao
Garcinia cambogia	Clusiaceae	Garcinia gummi-gutta	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Malik et al., 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Garcinia&Species=cambogia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=gummi-gutta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Garcinia+cambogia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=cambogia
Garcinia dulcis	Clusiaceae	Garcinia dulcis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Garcinia&Species=dulcis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=dulcis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Garcinia+dulcis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=dulcis
Garcinia edulis	Clusiaceae	Garcinia buchneri	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 45.6%, only 10% survive desiccation to 18.3% mc (Hernandez, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Garcinia&Species=edulis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=edulis
Garcinia indica	Clusiaceae	Garcinia indica	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Malik et al., 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Garcinia&Species=indica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=indica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Garcinia+indica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=indica
Garcinia rubra	Clusiaceae	Garcinia rubra	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Garcinia&Species=rubra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=rubra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Garcinia+rubra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=rubra
Gardenia brighamii	Rubiaceae	Gardenia brighamii	Yes	No	Yes	No	Only plants I know with good seed set are at the very dry Koko Crater Botanical garden, part of the Honolulu Botanical garden; seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing; very few plants remaining in wild but large ex situ collections in botanical gardens exist (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 35% viability in 13.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Gardenia&Species=brighamii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Gardenia&ftrSpecies=brighamii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Gardenia+brighamii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Gardenia&ftrSpecies=brighamii
Gardenia mannii	Rubiaceae	Gardenia mannii	Yes	No	Yes	No	Extremely rare, dioecious, viable seeds not collected in situ for decades (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). No viability lost after 1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Gardenia&ftrSpecies=mannii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Gardenia+mannii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Gardenia&ftrSpecies=mannii
Gardenia remyi	Rubiaceae	Gardenia remyi	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Gardenia&Species=remyi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Gardenia&ftrSpecies=remyi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Gardenia+remyi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Gardenia&ftrSpecies=remyi
Garhadiolus papposus	Asteraceae	Garhadiolus papposus	No	No	No	Yes	Peripheral achenes viable but < 5% germination (Sun et al., 2009).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Garhadiolus&ftrSpecies=papposus
Gonystylus bancanus	Thymelaeaceae	Gonystylus bancanus	No	Yes	No	No	Moist seeds can be maintained at 16C for 3 months (D.B. Krishnapillay, pers. com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Gonystylus&Species=bancanus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Gonystylus&ftrSpecies=bancanus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Gonystylus+bancanus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Gonystylus&ftrSpecies=bancanus
Griselinia littoralis	Griseliniaceae	Griselinia littoralis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Fountain & Outred, 1991; Anon., 1993); moist storage at 2-4C recommended (Bergin, 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Griselinia&Species=littoralis&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Griselinia+littoralis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Griselinia&ftrSpecies=littoralis
Guarea guidonia	Meliaceae	Guarea guidonia	No	Yes	No	No	Rapid loss in viability occurs below approximately 24% mc (Connor and Bonner, 1998).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Guarea&Species=guidonia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Guarea&ftrSpecies=guidonia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Guarea+guidonia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Guarea&ftrSpecies=guidonia
Guarea thompsoni	Meliaceae	Guarea thompsonii	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 43%, 85% germination after 44 days moist storage at 18C with 50% mc in ventilated polythene bags maintained at 99% r.h. (Tompsett, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Guarea&Species=thompsoni&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Guarea&ftrSpecies=thompsonii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Guarea&ftrSpecies=thompsoni
Guilfoylia monostylis	Surianaceae	Guilfoylia monostylis	No	Yes	No	No	This species was classified as recalcitrant by Nkang & Chandler (1986) but neither evidence nor reference was given.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Guilfoylia&Species=monostylis&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Guilfoylia+monostylis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Guilfoylia&ftrSpecies=monostylis
Gunnera petaloidea	Gunneraceae	Gunnera petaloidea	No	No	Yes	No	Appear to be freeze-sensitive and short lived (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low storage potential; short-lived (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 10.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Gunnera&ftrSpecies=petaloidea		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Gunnera&ftrSpecies=petaloidea
Haemanthus barkerae	Amaryllidaceae	Haemanthus barkerae	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Haemanthus&Species=barkerae&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Haemanthus&ftrSpecies=barkerae
Haemanthus coccineus	Amaryllidaceae	Haemanthus coccineus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Haemanthus&Species=coccineus&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Haemanthus&ftrSpecies=coccineus
Haemanthus deformis	Amaryllidaceae	Haemanthus deformis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Haemanthus&Species=deformis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Haemanthus&ftrSpecies=deformis
Haemanthus humilis	Amaryllidaceae	Haemanthus humilis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Haemanthus&Species=humilis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Haemanthus&ftrSpecies=humilis
Hancornia speciosa	Apocynaceae	Hancornia speciosa	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 55%, EMCS= 79%, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed moisture content is reduced to 15%, seeds can be stored moist at 48-50% mc in polythene bag at 7°C or 25°C for 9 weeks (Oliveira & Valio, 1992); seeds are desiccation sensitive, minimum safe mc is between 12 and 27 % (Ouédraogo et al., 1999). Rapid loss in viability below 30 % mc, 54 % viability at 11 % mc and zero viability at 6 % and 5 % mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 2000b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hancornia&Species=speciosa&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hancornia+speciosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hancornia&ftrSpecies=speciosa
Haplostachys haplostachya	Lamiaceae	Haplostachys haplostachya	Yes	No	No	Yes	Germination <2% (Aplet et al., 1991); 8% germination after 40 weeks (Baskin et al., 2004). Unknown storage potential; low viability (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Haplostachys&ftrSpecies=haplostachya		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Haplostachys&ftrSpecies=haplostachya
Hedeoma todsenii	Lamiaceae	Hedeoma todsenii	Yes	No	No	No	Not known to produce seed; developed in vitro propagation and cryopreservation protocols (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hedeoma&ftrSpecies=todsenii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hedeoma&ftrSpecies=todsenii
Heeria argentea	Anacardiaceae	Heeria argentea	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Von Teichman & Van Wyk, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Heeria&Species=argentea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Heeria&ftrSpecies=argentea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Heeria+argentea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Heeria&ftrSpecies=argentea
Helicostylis tomentosa	Moraceae	Helicostylis tomentosa	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Helicostylis&Species=tomentosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Helicostylis&ftrSpecies=tomentosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Helicostylis+tomentosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Helicostylis&ftrSpecies=tomentosa
Heliotropium anomalum	Boraginaceae	Heliotropium anomalum	No	No	Yes	No	Heliotropium anomalum: Lost 62% viability in 2.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019) \| Heliotropium anomalum var. argenteum: Seeds appear orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Heliotropium&ftrSpecies=anomalum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Heliotropium&ftrSpecies=anomalum
Herrania purpurea	Malvaceae	Herrania purpurea	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Herrania&Species=purpurea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Herrania&ftrSpecies=purpurea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Herrania+purpurea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Herrania&ftrSpecies=purpurea
Hesperomannia arbuscula	Asteraceae	Hesperomannia arbuscula	Yes	No	No	No	Viable seeds extrememly limited; extremely rare and not able to produce any seeds on own but plants at reintroductions are just starting to mature this year (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hesperomannia&ftrSpecies=arbuscula	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hesperomannia+arbuscula	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hesperomannia&ftrSpecies=arbuscula
Hesperomannia swezeyi	Asteraceae	Hesperomannia swezeyi	Yes	No	No	No	Low viability but likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). No viability lost after 7.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input				https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hesperomannia+swezeyi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hesperomannia&ftrSpecies=swezeyi
Heteracia svovitsii	Asteraceae	Heteracia szovitsii	No	No	No	Yes	Peripheral achenes very hard to germinate in the lab, may take several years (C. Baskin pers. comm., 2020).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Heteracia&ftrSpecies=svovitsii
Hevea brasiliensis	Euphorbiaceae	Hevea brasiliensis	No	Yes	No	No	CS= 36% (Chin et al., 1981), MCS= 53% (Chin et al., 1984); The fruit is a 3-lobed dehiscent capsule, 3-5cm in diameter, with one seed per carpel. Viability can be maintained for 3 months in moist storage with moist charcoal and sawdust in perforated polythene bag at temperatures between 7°C and 10°C (Beng, 1976). MCS= 36%, LSMC= 20%, no seeds survive further desiccation to 15% mc, seeds are killed on exposure to -5°C for 3-4 hours (Chin et al., 1981). LSMC= 25%, no seeds survive further desiccation to 12% mc, viability can be maintained for 4-5 months with seeds at 30-50% mc stored in perforated polythene bag (Pa & Koen, 1963). EMCS= 76%, no excised embryos survive desiccation to 14.5% mc (Grabe, 1989). EMCS= 54.5%, 50% of excised embryos tolerate desiccation (5 hours in a laminar flow hood at 26°-28°C) to 13.7% mc when cultured in vitro, 87% of the excised embryos at 16% mc survive 16 hours in liquid nitrogen, of which 69% developed into seedlings (Normah et al., 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hevea&Species=brasiliensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hevea&ftrSpecies=brasiliensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hevea+brasiliensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hevea&ftrSpecies=brasiliensis
Hibbertia commutata	Dilleniaceae	Hibbertia commutata	No	No	No	Yes	0% germination after 20 weeks (Hidayati et al., 2012).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hibbertia&ftrSpecies=commutata
Hibbertia huegelii	Dilleniaceae	Hibbertia huegelii	No	No	No	Yes	20% germination after 16 weeks (Hidayati et al., 2012).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hibbertia&ftrSpecies=huegelii
Hibbertia hypericoides	Dilleniaceae	Hibbertia hypericoides	No	No	No	Yes	30% germination after 28 weeks in the presence of Karrikinolide (Hidayati et al., 2012).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hibbertia&ftrSpecies=hypericoides
Hibiscadelphus distans	Malvaceae	Hibiscadelphus distans	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 13% viability in 5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hibiscadelphus&Species=distans&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hibiscadelphus&ftrSpecies=distans	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hibiscadelphus+distans	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hibiscadelphus&ftrSpecies=distans
Hibiscadelphus giffardianus	Malvaceae	Hibiscadelphus giffardianus	Yes	No	No	No	Produces few to no seeds, which are often poor quality or non-viable due to inbreeding depression and decline of pollinators (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hibiscadelphus&ftrSpecies=giffardianus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hibiscadelphus+giffardianus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hibiscadelphus&ftrSpecies=giffardianus
Hillebrandia sandwicensis	Begoniaceae	Hillebrandia sandwicensis	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 40% viability in 2.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hillebrandia&Species=sandwicensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hillebrandia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hillebrandia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Hopea ferrea	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea ferrea	No	Yes	No	No	Viability is reduced from 90% before storage to 2% after 60 days moist storage at 4°C with 33- 35% mc (Sasaki, 1980); LSMC= 30%, 40% germination after 300 days moist storage at 16°C with 30-50% mc (in ventilated polythene bagthen in perlite medium) (Tompsett, 1992). Sasaki (1980) classified this species in the White Meranti Group since their seeds are able to survive 4°C.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=ferrea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=ferrea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+ferrea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=ferrea
Hopea hainanensis	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea hainanensis	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 40%, LSMC= 30%, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 20.3%, 80% germination after 1 year moist storage in coconut dust at 18°C with 35-38% mc; storage temperatures of 15°C, 20°C are optimum while 5°C is damaging to viability (Song et al., 1984, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=hainanensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=hainanensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+hainanensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=hainanensis
Hopea helferi	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea helferi	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 30%, 85% germination after 40 days moist storage at 15°C with 47% mc (Tang & Tamari, 1973); 60% germination on desiccation to 25% mc (Tamari, 1976); moist seeds tolerate 5°C (Tang & Tamari, 1973; Tamari, 1975). Sasaki(1980) classified this species in the White Meranti Group since their seeds are able to survive 4°C.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=helferi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=helferi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+helferi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=helferi
Hopea mengarawan	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea mengarawan	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 37% (Tompsett, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=mengarawan&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+mengarawan	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=mengarawan
Hopea mollissima	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea chinensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ma et al., 2011).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=mollissima&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=mollissima	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+mollissima	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=mollissima
Hopea odorata	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea odorata	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 55%; EMCS= 43.5% (Maury-Lechon et al, 1993) Viability is lost in a few days (Dent, 1948); seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC=45% (Tang & Tamari, 1973); no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 14.5% (Corbineau & Côme, 1988, 1989); 60% germination after 45 days moist storage at 2°C with ca. 53% mc (Kobmoo et al., 1988); viability is reduced from 81% before storage to 5% after 42 days moist storage at 4°C with 53% mc (Sasaki, 1980); a few seeds germinate after 55 days moist storage at 10-15°C (Mori,1979); 50% germination after 30 days moist storage at 25°C with benlate (Yap, 1981). Storage temperatures below 15°C (Corbineau & Côme, 1989; Maury-Lechon et al.,1993) 10°C are reported damaging (Tang & Tamari, 1973). Despite this, Sasaki (1980) classified this species in the White Meranti Group. Seeds are desiccation sensitive, minimum safe mc approximately 40 % (Ouédraogo et al., 1999); 74 % germination at 31.4 % mc, but zero viability at (and below) 22.9 % mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 1998).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=odorata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=odorata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+odorata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=odorata
Hopea parviflora	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea parviflora	No	Yes	No	No	Viability maintained for about 3 weeks, after which time viability is rapidly reduced (Dent, 1948). 45% germination after 47 days moist storage at 21°C with 99% r.h. or 41% mc (Tompsett, 1992). Total loss of viability when dried to below 26 % mc (Dayal and Kaveriappa, 2000). Germination poor when stored below 20°C, negligible below 5°C and viability lost within 6 hours at 0°C (Dayal and Kaveriappa, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=parviflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=parviflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+parviflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=parviflora
Hopea ponga	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea ponga	No	Yes	No	No	Total loss of viability when dried to below 28% mc. Germination poor when stored below 20C and negligible below 5C. Viability lost within 4 hours at 0C (Dayal and Kaveriappa, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=ponga&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=ponga	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+ponga	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=ponga
Hopea utilis	Dipterocarpaceae	Hopea utilis	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC >20% (Yap, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Hopea&Species=utilis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=utilis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hopea+utilis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hopea&ftrSpecies=utilis
Howea forsteriana	Arecaceae	Howea forsteriana	No	No	Yes	No	Contradictory reports on seed storage behaviour have been shown. For example, Boyce (1989) reported that seeds of this species show orthodox seed storage behaviour since they tolerated desiccation to 8-10% mc and survived in subsequent cryostorage (liquid nitrogen) for 1 hour, while Chin & Krishnapillay (1989) reported that they show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour, because only 3% germination occurred on desiccation to 20% mc, and no seeds survived on desiccation to 9% mc; however, 70-80% of excised embryos survived desiccation to 9-11% mc but only 22% to 64% of those excised embryos survived 48 hours subsequent storage in liquid nitrogen ( Chin et al. 1988, Chin & Krishnapillay, 1989) Comment: This species may show intermediate seed storage behaviour.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Howea&Species=forsteriana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Howea&ftrSpecies=forsteriana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Howea+forsteriana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Howea&ftrSpecies=forsteriana
Hydrangea arguta	Hydrangeaceae	Broussaisia arguta	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 90% viability in 15 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Broussaisia&ftrSpecies=arguta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Hydrangea+arguta	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hydrangea&ftrSpecies=arguta
Hymenocallis godfreyi	Amaryllidaceae	Hymenocallis godfreyi	Yes	No	No	No	Reproduction in the wild is dependent upon marsh fire and has been recorded as ranging from 0 - 2%; wild seed production and viability should be evaluated before classifying; no seed are reported in storage; we've only sown two seeds; one germinated; species readily grows and propagates in pots; flowering but no seed production occurs annually; north Florida botanists are much more familiar with this species (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Hymenocallis&ftrSpecies=godfreyi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Hymenocallis&ftrSpecies=godfreyi
Ilex anomala	Aquifoliaceae	Ilex anomala	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; may be short-lived; target for further research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ilex&ftrSpecies=anomala	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ilex+anomala	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ilex&ftrSpecies=anomala
Ilex argentina	Aquifoliaceae	Ilex argentina	No	No	No	Yes	Embryo immature, 15% germination after 40 weeks (Galindez et al., 2018).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ilex&ftrSpecies=argentina	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ilex+argentina	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ilex&ftrSpecies=argentina
Ilex paraguariensis	Aquifoliaceae	Ilex paraguariensis	No	No	No	Yes	Embryo immature, 21% germination after 40 weeks (Galindez et al., 2018).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ilex&ftrSpecies=paraguariensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ilex+paraguariensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ilex&ftrSpecies=paraguariensis
Illicium verum	Schisandraceae	Illicium verum	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are desiccation sensitive (76-78 % germination at 30-34 % mc, 21-24 % germination at 12-16 % mc and 9 % germination at 14 % mc; Le, 1999); seeds stored in moist sand under the soil surface remain viable for a maximum of 75-100 days (Ngo et al., 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Illicium&Species=verum&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Illicium+verum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Illicium&ftrSpecies=verum
Inga calderonii	Fabaceae	Inga calderonii	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC (cotyledons)= 45%, ELSMC= 52%, neither seeds nor embryos survived desiccation to 30% and 40% mc, respectively (Pritchard et al., 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=calderonii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=calderonii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Inga+calderonii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=calderonii
Inga cinnamomea	Fabaceae	Inga cinnamomea	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=cinnamomea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=cinnamomea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Inga+cinnamomea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=cinnamomea
Inga densiflora	Fabaceae	Inga densiflora	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC (cotyledons)= 45%, ELSMC= 57%, neither seeds nor embryos survived desiccation to 28% and 47% mc, respectively (Pritchard et al., 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=densiflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=densiflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Inga+densiflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=densiflora
Inga insignis	Fabaceae	Inga insignis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Pritchard et al., 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=insignis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=insignis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Inga+insignis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=insignis
Inga leiocalycina	Fabaceae	Inga leiocalycina	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Pritchard et al., 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=leiocalycina&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=leiocalycina	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Inga+leiocalycina	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=leiocalycina
Inga punctata	Fabaceae	Inga punctata	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC (cotyledons)= 38-45%%, ELSMC= 50%, neither seeds nor embryos survived desiccation to 30% and 35-45% mc, respectively (Pritchard et al., 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=punctata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=punctata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Inga+punctata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=punctata
Inga semialata	Fabaceae	Inga semialata	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC (cotyledons)= 35-42%%, ELSMC= 53%, neither seeds nor embryos survived desiccation to 30% and 42% mc, respectively (Pritchard et al., 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=semialata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=semialata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=semialata
Inga uruguensis	Fabaceae	Inga uruguensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Barbedo & Cicero, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=uruguensis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=uruguensis
Inga vera	Fabaceae	Inga vera	No	Yes	No	No	Inga vera: LSMC (cotyledons)= 40%%, ELSMC= 52%, neither seeds nor embryos survived desiccation to 25% and 40% mc, respectively (Pritchard et al., 1995) \| Inga vera subsp. affinis: Rapid loss in viability below 35% mc. Under natural conditions ungerminated seeds die within 20 days (Barbedo and Cicero, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Inga&Species=vera&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=vera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Inga+vera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Inga&ftrSpecies=vera
Isachne distichophylla	Poaceae	Isachne distichophylla	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 44% viability in 5.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Isachne&ftrSpecies=distichophylla		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Isachne&ftrSpecies=distichophylla
Isodendrion laurifolium	Violaceae	Isodendrion laurifolium	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 32% viability in 3.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Isodendrion&ftrSpecies=laurifolium	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Isodendrion+laurifolium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Isodendrion&ftrSpecies=laurifolium
Isodendrion longifolium	Violaceae	Isodendrion longifolium	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds produced infrequently but likely orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Isodendrion&ftrSpecies=longifolium		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Isodendrion&ftrSpecies=longifolium
Ixora spp.	Rubiaceae		No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Von Teichman & Van Wyk, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ixora&Species=spp.&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ixora&ftrSpecies=spp.
Joinvillea ascendens	Joinvilleaceae	Joinvillea ascendens	No	No	Yes	No	Joinvillea ascendens: No viability lost after 5.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001) \| Joinvillea ascendens subsp. ascendens: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but may be sensitive to freezing; seeds short lived (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Joinvillea&Species=ascendens&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Joinvillea&ftrSpecies=ascendens		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Joinvillea&ftrSpecies=ascendens
Jumellea sagittata	Orchidaceae	Jumellea sagittata	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 7 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Jumellea&Species=sagittata&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Jumellea&ftrSpecies=sagittata
Kadua acuminata	Rubiaceae	Kadua acuminata	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; may be freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). Lost 90% viability in 15.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Kadua&ftrSpecies=acuminata
Kadua centranthoides	Rubiaceae	Kadua centranthoides	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; may be freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). Lost 21% viability in 2.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Kadua&ftrSpecies=centranthoides
Kanaloa kahoolawensis	Fabaceae	Kanaloa kahoolawensis	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; viable seeds rarely produced if at all; likely extinct in the wild, only 2 plants left in cultivation (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Kanaloa&ftrSpecies=kahoolawensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Kanaloa&ftrSpecies=kahoolawensis
Kandelia candel	Rhizophoraceae	Kandelia candel	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Kandelia&Species=candel&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Kandelia&ftrSpecies=candel	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Kandelia+candel	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Kandelia&ftrSpecies=candel
Keysseria helenae	Asteraceae	Keysseria helenae	Yes	No	No	No	Low viability but likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Keysseria&ftrSpecies=helenae		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Keysseria&ftrSpecies=helenae
Khaya anthotheca	Meliaceae	Khaya anthotheca	No	No	Yes	No	55 % germination after storage for 6 months at 15ºC and 6 % mc, but only 20 % germination when stored at 5ºC and -18ºC (IPGRI/DFSC, 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Khaya&Species=anthotheca&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Khaya&ftrSpecies=anthotheca	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Khaya+anthotheca	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Khaya&ftrSpecies=anthotheca
Khaya senegalensis	Meliaceae	Khaya senegalensis	No	No	Yes	No	Several studies suggest that the species is desiccation tolerant, but chilling sensitive: viability is maintained in hermetic storage for 2 years at 2.2 % mc and 0°C, but is rapidly lost at the lower temperature of -20°C (Hong and Ellis, 1998); at 20°C seeds tolerate desiccation to 5.7% mc (in equilibrium with 54.4% r.h.) and show little loss of viability on further desiccation to 2.1% mc (in equilibrium with 11.8% r.h.), but complete loss of viability occurs following 24 months hermetic storage at 10°C, 0°C and -20°C (at 10% mc; SSLR). For seeds at lower mc's of between 2.2 % and 5.6%, it appears that 0°C is the optimal storage temperature, whilst -20°C is damaging (SSLR). Other studies are inconclusive, or indicative of orthodox storage behaviour: seeds tolerate desiccation to 6% mc and 81% germinate following 3 years subsequent hermetic storage at 2°C, Cw= 2.15 (Tompsett, 1994); Tompsett (1994) classifies the species as orthodox; viability is maintained after 12 months storage at 25ºC, 3-5ºC and -18ºC and <3 % mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 1999). A tentative classification of Intermediate? has thus been assigned.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Khaya&Species=senegalensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Khaya&ftrSpecies=senegalensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Khaya+senegalensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Khaya&ftrSpecies=senegalensis
Kokia cookei	Malvaceae	Kokia cookei	Yes	No	No	No	Produces few to no seeds, which are often poor quality or non-viable due to inbreeding depression extinct in wild (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Kokia&ftrSpecies=cookei	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Kokia+cookei	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Kokia&ftrSpecies=cookei
Kokia kauaiensis	Malvaceae	Kokia kauaiensis	Yes	No	No	No	Only flowered once at Waimea, never set seed; seeds produced infrequently and often poor-quality (Helm Wallace, 2015). Likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 6% viability in 10.6 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Kokia&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Kokia+kauaiensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Kokia&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis
Labordia cyrtandrae	Loganiaceae	Labordia cyrtandrae	Yes	No	No	No	Rare, dioecious; rarely produces viable seeds on it's own; seeds are likely short-lived in conventional seed storage; seeds are banked and viable; living collection established (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 9% viability in 7.7 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Labordia&ftrSpecies=cyrtandrae		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Labordia&ftrSpecies=cyrtandrae
Labordia lorenciana	Loganiaceae	Labordia lorenceana	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 50% viability in 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Labordia&ftrSpecies=lorenciana		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Labordia&ftrSpecies=lorenciana
Landolphia kirkii	Apocynaceae	Landolphia kirkii	No	Yes	No	No	The fruits are hard coated and contain 15 to 30 seeds within a sticky fruit pulp. Viability is lost within one month in open storage at room temperature (Pammenter et al. 1991), or after 50 days of moist storage at 24-28 °C (Farrant et al., 1989). MCS=46%, LSMC=37%, 50% and 10% germination when the mean seed moisture contents are reduced to 33% and 16.7%, respectively (Farrant et al.,1989). EMCS=60%, ELSMC=25% for rapid drying, ELSMC=52% for slow drying (Pammenter et al., 1991). 50% of intact seeds survived 15 days in storage over silica gel at which time embryonic axis mc was 54.5%, but only 7% survived after 20 days at which time embryonic axis mc is 32.9%; 95% of excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 13.8% mc after being "flash dried" within 60 minutes (Berjak et al. 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Landolphia&Species=kirkii&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Landolphia&ftrSpecies=kirkii
Lannea acida	Anacardiaceae	Lannea acida	No	Yes	No	No	CNSF:Centre National de Semences Forestieres, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Catalogue 1995-1996.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lannea&Species=acida&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lannea&ftrSpecies=acida	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Lannea+acida	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lannea&ftrSpecies=acida
Lannea velutina	Anacardiaceae	Lannea velutina	No	Yes	No	No	CNSF:Centre National de Semences Forestieres, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Catalogue 1995-1996.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lannea&Species=velutina&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lannea&ftrSpecies=velutina	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Lannea+velutina	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lannea&ftrSpecies=velutina
Lansium domesticum	Meliaceae	Lansium parasiticum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993); EMCS= 49%, MCS= 52% (Grabe, 1989); viability maintained for about 5 weeks if kept moist (Verheij & Coronel, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lansium&Species=domesticum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lansium&ftrSpecies=domesticum
Lansium dubium	Meliaceae	Reinwardtiodendron humile	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lansium&Species=dubium&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Lansium+dubium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lansium&ftrSpecies=dubium
Laurelia novae-zelandiae	Atherospermataceae	Laurelia novae-zelandiae	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Fountain & Outred 1991); moist storage at 2 -4C recommended (Bergin & Dorsser, 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Laurelia&Species=novae-zelandiae&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Laurelia+novae-zelandiae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Laurelia&ftrSpecies=novae-zelandiae
Lepidospartum burgessii	Asteraceae	Lepidospartum burgessii	Yes	No	No	No	Rarely sets seed (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lepidospartum&ftrSpecies=burgessii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lepidospartum&ftrSpecies=burgessii
Lepisanthes fruticosa	Sapindaceae	Lepisanthes fruticosa	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lepisanthes&Species=fruticosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lepisanthes&ftrSpecies=fruticosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Lepisanthes+fruticosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lepisanthes&ftrSpecies=fruticosa
Leptecophylla tameiameiae	Ericaceae	Styphelia tameiameiae	No	No	No	Yes	72% germination after 162 weeks (Baskin et al., 2005). High storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Leptecophylla&ftrSpecies=tameiameiae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Leptecophylla+tameiameiae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Leptecophylla&ftrSpecies=tameiameiae
Leptocarpus impolitus	Restionaceae	Restio impolitus	No	No	No	Yes	Germination of 21% after 3 months when treated with 120oC for 6 min (Musil & de Witt, 1991).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Leptocarpus&ftrSpecies=impolitus
Lilium grayi	Liliaceae	Lilium grayi	Yes	No	No	No	Small populations and therefore small seed set (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lilium&ftrSpecies=grayi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lilium&ftrSpecies=grayi
Lilium pyrophilum	Liliaceae	Lilium pyrophilum	Yes	No	No	No	Small populations and therefore small seed set (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lilium&ftrSpecies=pyrophilum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lilium&ftrSpecies=pyrophilum
Lindera megaphylla	Lauraceae	Lindera megaphylla	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds show freezing sensitivity and partial desiccation tolerance. At 10% mc and 23C, viability remains at approximately 50% , but is reduced at the lower temperatures of 15 C and 4C, dropping to zero when frozen at -20C (Lin, 1996).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lindera&Species=megaphylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lindera&ftrSpecies=megaphylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Lindera+megaphylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lindera&ftrSpecies=megaphylla
Liparis hawaiensis	Orchidaceae	Liparis hawaiensis	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; preliminary results - at least medium term storage refrigerated (Chau, 2016). Lost 6% viability in 2.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Liparis&ftrSpecies=hawaiensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Liparis&ftrSpecies=hawaiensis
Lipochaeta heterophylla	Asteraceae	Lipochaeta heterophylla	Yes	No	No	No	Produces few viable seeds; this is only from one collection, more research needed (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lipochaeta&ftrSpecies=heterophylla		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lipochaeta&ftrSpecies=heterophylla
Lipochaeta lobata	Asteraceae	Lipochaeta lobata	Yes	No	No	No	Lipochaeta lobata subsp. lobata: High storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016) \| Lipochaeta lobata var. lobata: Very low viability, but more research needed, and not difficult to collect seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lipochaeta&ftrSpecies=lobata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lipochaeta&ftrSpecies=lobata
Liriope platyphylla	Asparagaceae	Liriope muscari	No	No	Yes	No	Intermediate (Suzuki et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Liriope&Species=platyphylla&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Liriope&ftrSpecies=platyphylla
Litchi chinensis	Sapindaceae	Litchi chinensis	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 47% (SSLR) Seeds stored in moist peat moss at 8°C recommended (Cull & Paxton, 1982). Viability is reduced from 100% to below 20% on desiccation to about 20% mc and no seeds remain viable when the mean moisture content is reduced below this value (Ray & Sharma, 1987). Complete loss in viability after 7 days open storage at 30°C, however viability of seeds stored moist at 5°C and 30°C maintained for 60 and 100 days, respectively (Fu et al., 1990). 92% germination after 7 weeks moist storage at 8°-10°C with 100% r.h. and with 80% nitrous oxide plus 20% oxygen (Sowa, Roos & Zee, 1991). 69% germination after 280 days moist storage at 15°C in moist (20% mc) perlite, plus 5 chlorthalonil (Xia et al., 1992). Excised embryonic axes tolerate desiccation to 30% mc (Fu et al., 1993). Seeds extracted from fruits harvested at 98 days after anthesis are more tolerant of desiccation than those from overripe or immature fruits (Fu et al., 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Litchi&Species=chinensis&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Litchi+chinensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Litchi&ftrSpecies=chinensis
Lithocarpus densiflorus	Fagaceae	Notholithocarpus densiflorus	No	Yes	No	No	The fruit is an acorn with hard coat. Seeds cannot be dried (Harrington, 1972), seeds should be stored moist at 3-5C (Young & Young, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lithocarpus&Species=densiflorus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lithocarpus&ftrSpecies=densiflorus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Lithocarpus+densiflorus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lithocarpus&ftrSpecies=densiflorus
Lithocarpus gigantophylla	Fagaceae	Lithocarpus gigantophyllus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Lithocarpus&Species=gigantophylla&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Lithocarpus+gigantophylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lithocarpus&ftrSpecies=gigantophylla
Lobelia dunbariae	Campanulaceae	Lobelia dunbariae	No	No	Yes	No	Lobelia dunbariae: Lost 18% viability in 15.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019) \| Lobelia dunbariae subsp. paniculata: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lobelia&ftrSpecies=dunbariae		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lobelia&ftrSpecies=dunbariae
Lobelia koolauensis	Campanulaceae	Lobelia koolauensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing; fewer than 250 plants remaining; seeds are banked and viable (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive but good storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 15 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lobelia&ftrSpecies=koolauensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lobelia&ftrSpecies=koolauensis
Lomatia tasmanica	Proteaceae	Lomatia tasmanica	Yes	No	No	No	Produces no fruit, reproduces vegetatively (Lynch et al., 1998).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lomatia&ftrSpecies=tasmanica		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lomatia&ftrSpecies=tasmanica
Lysimachia daphnoides	Primulaceae	Lysimachia daphnoides	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=daphnoides		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=daphnoides
Lysimachia filifolia	Primulaceae	Lysimachia filifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=filifolia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=filifolia
Lysimachia forbesii	Primulaceae	Lysimachia forbesii	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=forbesii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=forbesii
Lysimachia glutinosa	Primulaceae	Lysimachia glutinosa	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=glutinosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=glutinosa
Lysimachia iniki	Primulaceae	Lysimachia iniki	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=iniki		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=iniki
Lysimachia kalalauensis	Primulaceae	Lysimachia kalalauensis	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=kalalauensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=kalalauensis
Lysimachia lydgatei	Primulaceae	Lysimachia lydgatei	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=lydgatei		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=lydgatei
Lysimachia maxima	Primulaceae	Lysimachia maxima	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=maxima		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=maxima
Lysimachia pendens	Primulaceae	Lysimachia pendens	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=pendens		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=pendens
Lysimachia remyi	Primulaceae	Lysimachia remyi	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). No viability lost after 1.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=remyi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=remyi
Lysimachia scopulensis	Primulaceae	Lysimachia scopulensis	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=scopulensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=scopulensis
Lysimachia venosa	Primulaceae	Lysimachia venosa	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=venosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Lysimachia&ftrSpecies=venosa
Machilus odoratissimus	Lauraceae	Persea odoratissima	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Machilus&Species=odoratissimus&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Machilus&ftrSpecies=odoratissimus
Machilus thunbergii	Lauraceae	Machilus thunbergii	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Liu et al., 2006).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Machilus&Species=thunbergii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Machilus&ftrSpecies=thunbergii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Machilus+thunbergii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Machilus&ftrSpecies=thunbergii
Madhuca indica	Sapotaceae	Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Varghese et al., 2002).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Madhuca&Species=indica&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Madhuca&ftrSpecies=indica
Madhuca longifolia	Sapotaceae	Madhuca longifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Madhuca longifolia: Shorted-lived (Dent, 1948); complete loss in viability after 20 days storage in paper bags at 28.5C and 67% r.h. (Vanangamudi & Palanisamy, 1989) \| Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia: MCS=63.2 %; seeds are desiccation sensitive (60 % germination at 30.5 % mc, 40 % at 26.2 % mc, 10 % at 18.3 % mc, total loss of viability at 9.4 % mc), in longevity experiments at a range of mc's, seeds dried to 43.6 % mc showed the longest viabilities (55 days at 25ºC storage temperature; IPGRI/DFSC, 2001b). Viability is reduced when dried below 39.4 % mc, 90 % loss in viability when dried to 16.8 % mc, and total viability loss when dried to 9.4 % mc (Varghese et al., 2002). Shorted-lived (Dent, 1948); viability lost within 3 months in hermetic storage at room temperature with 13±2% mc (Kaul, 1979); viability lost within 1 month in open storage (Campell, 1980); within 2 weeks in open storage (Kandya, 1987).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant, Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Madhuca&Species=longifolia&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Madhuca+longifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Madhuca&ftrSpecies=longifolia
Magnolia ingrata	Magnoliaceae	Magnolia fulva	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Han & Long, 2010).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Magnolia&Species=ingrata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Magnolia&ftrSpecies=ingrata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Magnolia+ingrata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Magnolia&ftrSpecies=ingrata
Mangifera altissima	Anacardiaceae	Mangifera altissima	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Mangifera&Species=altissima&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Mangifera&ftrSpecies=altissima	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Mangifera+altissima	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Mangifera&ftrSpecies=altissima
Mangifera indica	Anacardiaceae	Mangifera indica	No	Yes	No	No	Complete loss in viability within 7 days in open storage at 30°C; viability can be maintained for 120 days with sub-imbibed seeds stored at 15°C; no loss in viability of excised embryonic axes on fastdesiccation to 11.8% mc (Cheng & Fu, 1989; Fu et al., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Mangifera&Species=indica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Mangifera&ftrSpecies=indica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Mangifera+indica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Mangifera&ftrSpecies=indica
Mangifera persiciformis	Anacardiaceae	Mangifera persiciforma	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Tang et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Mangifera&Species=persiciformis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Mangifera&ftrSpecies=persiciformis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Mangifera+persiciformis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Mangifera&ftrSpecies=persiciformis
Manilkara zapota	Sapotaceae	Manilkara zapota	No	No	Yes	No	MCSMCS= 30-40% Seeds should not be dried before storage (cited by Harrington, 1972); short-lived in open storage (Mensa & Acosta, 1990); viability can be maintained for 24 months in air-dry storage at 5°C (Riley, 1981); viability can be maintained for several months but is best to sow immediately (Verheij & Coronel, 1991); seeds (72% initial germination) tolerate desiccation to 13% mc (in equilibrium with 65% r.h.), further desiccation to 10% (in equilibrium with 50.4% r.h.) and 8.2% mc (in equilibrium with 38% r.h.) reduces germination to 60%, and 52%, respectively; no loss in viability after 6 months hermetic storage at 10°C with 10% mc, a loss in viability of about 10-40% with wetter or drier seeds at this temperature, while complete loss in viability with all moisture contents at -20°C during this time; 30% germination when dried to 4.3% mc (in equilibrium with 17.1% r.h.) and 10% survival after 14 months hermetic storage at 10°C for another seed lot (SSLR); Short-lived (Mensa & Acosta, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Manilkara&Species=zapota&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Manilkara+zapota	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Manilkara&ftrSpecies=zapota
Mansonia altissima	Malvaceae	Mansonia altissima	No	No	Yes	No	Initial germination 39%, 6% germination after 12 monthss hermetic storage at -15C with 11% mc, loss in viability at -15C with 7% mc (Gyimah, 1984).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Mansonia&Species=altissima&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Mansonia&ftrSpecies=altissima	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Mansonia+altissima	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Mansonia&ftrSpecies=altissima
Marmaroxylon racemosum	Fabaceae	Marmaroxylon racemosum	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Leite and Rankin, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Marmaroxylon&Species=racemosum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Marmaroxylon&ftrSpecies=racemosum
Mauritia flexuosa	Arecaceae	Mauritia flexuosa	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Dr. I.D.Kossmann Ferraz, pers. com.).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Mauritia&Species=flexuosa&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Mauritia+flexuosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Mauritia&ftrSpecies=flexuosa
Melicoccus bijugatus	Sapindaceae	Melicoccus bijugatus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, 100% germination following 10 weeks storage at 15°C and 75% r.h., but no seeds remain viable after 17 weeks, whereas 100% germination following 17 weeks storage at 15°C with seeds imbibed with 0.0001M ABA (Goldbach, 1979b); viability can be maintained for 3 months at 5°C (Riley, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Melicoccus&Species=bijugatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicoccus&ftrSpecies=bijugatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicoccus+bijugatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicoccus&ftrSpecies=bijugatus
Melicope adscendens	Rutaceae	Melicope adscendens	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; low number of viable seeds produced (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=adscendens	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+adscendens	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=adscendens
Melicope anisata	Rutaceae	Melicope anisata	No	No	No	Yes	Poor to no germination with these seeds (Laukahi: The Hawai'i Plant Conservation Network, 2021)	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=anisata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+anisata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=anisata
Melicope clusiifolia	Rutaceae	Melicope clusiifolia	Yes	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but storage protocols undetermined; low viability; may be short-lived or freeze-sensitive; may need cryo in the future (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential; preliminary results desiccation-tolerant (Chau, 2016). Lost 89% viability in 1.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=clusiifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+clusiifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=clusiifolia
Melicope cornuta	Rutaceae	Platydesma cornuta	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 50% viability in 2.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Platydesma&ftrSpecies=cornuta		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=cornuta
Melicope degeneri	Rutaceae	Melicope degeneri	Yes	No	No	No	Produces seeds infrequently that are often difficult to access; storage protocols uncertain; need seeds for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=degeneri	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+degeneri	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=degeneri
Melicope haupuensis	Rutaceae	Melicope haupuensis	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; low number of viable seeds produced (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=haupuensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+haupuensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=haupuensis
Melicope hiiakae	Rutaceae	Melicope hiiakae	Yes	No	No	No	Produces seeds infrequently that are often difficult to access; storage protocols uncertain; need seeds for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=hiiakae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+hiiakae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=hiiakae
Melicope knudsenii	Rutaceae	Melicope knudsenii	Yes	No	No	No	Produces seeds infrequently that are often difficult to access; storage protocols uncertain; need seeds for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=knudsenii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+knudsenii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=knudsenii
Melicope lydgatei	Rutaceae	Melicope lydgatei	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; very few seeds; seeds are desiccation-tolerant but very few seeds produced and storage protocols uncertain; likely cryopreservation (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=lydgatei		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=lydgatei
Melicope macropus	Rutaceae	Melicope macropus	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; low number of viable seeds produced (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=macropus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+macropus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=macropus
Melicope molokaiensis	Rutaceae	Melicope molokaiensis	Yes	No	No	No	Very low viability, but more research needed; storage protocols uncertain; need seeds for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; low viability; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=molokaiensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+molokaiensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=molokaiensis
Melicope mucronulata	Rutaceae	Melicope mucronulata	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; low number of viable seeds produced (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=mucronulata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+mucronulata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=mucronulata
Melicope paniculata	Rutaceae	Melicope paniculata	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; low number of viable seeds produced (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=paniculata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+paniculata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=paniculata
Melicope quadrangularis	Rutaceae	Melicope quadrangularis	Yes	No	No	No	Produces seeds infrequently that are often difficult to access; storage protocols uncertain; need seeds for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=quadrangularis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+quadrangularis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=quadrangularis
Melicope wailauensis	Rutaceae	Melicope wailauensis	Yes	No	No	No	Produces seeds infrequently that are often difficult to access; storage protocols uncertain; need seeds for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=wailauensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+wailauensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=wailauensis
Melicope zahlbruckneri	Rutaceae	Melicope zahlbruckneri	Yes	No	No	No	Extremely rare; low number of viable seeds produced (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=zahlbruckneri	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Melicope+zahlbruckneri	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Melicope&ftrSpecies=zahlbruckneri
Metrosideros macropus	Myrtaceae	Metrosideros macropus	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 61% viability in 15 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, pers. com.).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Metrosideros&Species=macropus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Metrosideros&ftrSpecies=macropus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Metrosideros+macropus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Metrosideros&ftrSpecies=macropus
Metrosideros polymorpha	Myrtaceae	Metrosideros polymorpha	Yes	No	No	No	Poor viability is mainly due to low percentage of seeds with viable embryos, only 8.7% of the seeds contained embryos (Drake, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Metrosideros&Species=polymorpha&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Metrosideros&ftrSpecies=polymorpha	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Metrosideros+polymorpha	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Metrosideros&ftrSpecies=polymorpha
Metrosideros rugosa	Myrtaceae	Metrosideros rugosa	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 67% viability in 5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Metrosideros&ftrSpecies=rugosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Metrosideros+rugosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Metrosideros&ftrSpecies=rugosa
Minquartia guianensis	Olacaceae	Minquartia guianensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Minquartia&Species=guianensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Minquartia&ftrSpecies=guianensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Minquartia+guianensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Minquartia&ftrSpecies=guianensis
Murraya exotica	Rutaceae	Murraya paniculata	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation to 6% mc, however viability is lost by 38% and 64% after 24 hours storage at 5C and -5C, respectively (Chin et al., 1984).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Murraya&Species=exotica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Murraya&ftrSpecies=exotica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Murraya+exotica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Murraya&ftrSpecies=exotica
Murraya koenigii	Rutaceae	Murraya koenigii	No	Yes	No	No	MCS=48% ; rapid loss in viability below 33.5% mc and zero viability at 12.9% mc, critical mc is between 33.5% and 24% mc (Raja et al., 2001b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Murraya&Species=koenigii&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Murraya+koenigii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Murraya&ftrSpecies=koenigii
Musa acuminata	Musaceae	Musa acuminata	No	No	Yes	No	Darjo & Bakry (1990) reported that viability was reduced on desiccation. For example, viability of seeds dried at 30°-32°C and 75% r.h. (seed mc not reported) was lower than those dried at 25-28°C and80-90% r.h. Viability of seeds which were dried at 25-28°C and 80-90% r.h. for 7 days (seed mc not reported) was also reduced after 3 months storage at - 8°C to -10°C cf. warmer storage temperatures of 8°C and 14°C (Darjo & Bakry, 1990). Excised embryos tolerated desiccation to 15%mc, but viability was reduced to 48% on desiccation to 6%mc; further loss ( by about 10-15%) in viability occured during cryostorage with liquid nitrogen (Abdelnour-Esquivel et al., 1992a).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Musa&Species=acuminata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Musa&ftrSpecies=acuminata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Musa&ftrSpecies=acuminata
Musa violascens	Musaceae	Musa violascens	No	No	Yes	No	Viability is reduced from 96% to 37% on desiccation to 10% mc, only 25% survive 3 months subsequent cryo-storage in liquid nitrogen (Chin & Krishnapillay, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Musa&Species=violascens&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Musa&ftrSpecies=violascens		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Musa&ftrSpecies=violascens
Myoporum sandwicense	Scrophulariaceae	Myoporum sandwicense	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 56% viability in 7.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Myoporum&Species=sandwicense&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myoporum&ftrSpecies=sandwicense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myoporum+sandwicense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myoporum&ftrSpecies=sandwicense
Myoporum stellatum	Scrophulariaceae	Myoporum sandwicense	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). Lost 70% viability in 2.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myoporum&ftrSpecies=stellatum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myoporum+stellatum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myoporum&ftrSpecies=stellatum
Myrciaria dubia	Myrtaceae	Myrciaria dubia	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Myrciaria&Species=dubia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myrciaria&ftrSpecies=dubia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myrciaria+dubia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myrciaria&ftrSpecies=dubia
Myristica dactyloides	Myristicaceae	Myristica dactyloides	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sivakumar et al., 2006).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Myristica&Species=dactyloides&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myristica&ftrSpecies=dactyloides	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myristica+dactyloides	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myristica&ftrSpecies=dactyloides
Myristica fragrans	Myristicaceae	Myristica fragrans	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 55% ( Purseglove, 1968b); 13,600-15,000g (Sangakkara, 1993); MCS =37-40% (Sangakkara, 1993) 55% (Madhusudanan & Basu, 1994); seeds soon lose their viability and should be sown soon after collecting. Seeds which rattle will not germinate as they have dried out (Purseglove, 1968b). Viability isreduced after 30 days moist storage in moist sand or in a metal tin (Mathew, 1992). A few seeds survive desiccation to 31%mc, 15% germination after 30 days'storage in sealed polythene bags with fresh seeds at 5C (Sangakkara, 1993). Loss in viability occurs after 20% of seed moisture are lost, viability can be maintained for up to 45 days in moist storage in sealedplastic bags at room temperature (Madhusudanan & Basu, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Myristica&Species=fragrans&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myristica&ftrSpecies=fragrans	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myristica+fragrans	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myristica&ftrSpecies=fragrans
Myristica malabarica	Myristicaceae	Myristica malabarica	No	No	Yes	No	Rapid loss of viability when dried below 14 % mc, complete loss of viability at 11 % mc. Seeds also exhibit chilling damage below 10ºC. Moist seeds (27 % mc) remained viable for up to 1 year when stored in polyethylene bags at 30ºC and 80 % RH (Anil Kumar et al., 2002).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Myristica&Species=malabarica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myristica&ftrSpecies=malabarica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myristica+malabarica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myristica&ftrSpecies=malabarica
Myrsine juddii	Primulaceae	Myrsine juddii	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myrsine&ftrSpecies=juddii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myrsine&ftrSpecies=juddii
Myrsine knudsenii	Primulaceae	Myrsine knudsenii	Yes	No	No	No	Difficult to obtain viable seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myrsine&ftrSpecies=knudsenii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myrsine+knudsenii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myrsine&ftrSpecies=knudsenii
Myrsine mezii	Primulaceae	Myrsine mezii	Yes	No	No	No	Difficult to obtain viable seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Myrsine&ftrSpecies=mezii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Myrsine+mezii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Myrsine&ftrSpecies=mezii
Nanozostera capricorni	Zosteraceae	Zostera capricorni	No	Yes	No	No	Described as recalcitrant by (Hay et al., 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nanozostera&Species=capricorni&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nanozostera&ftrSpecies=capricorni
Napoleonaea imperialis	Lecythidaceae	Napoleonaea imperialis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ng et al., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Napoleonaea&Species=imperialis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Napoleonaea&ftrSpecies=imperialis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Napoleonaea+imperialis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Napoleonaea&ftrSpecies=imperialis
Nectandra membranacea	Lauraceae	Nectandra membranacea	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation and must be stored at > 50% mc (Gonzalez, 1991; Gonzalez & Gonzalez, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nectandra&Species=membranacea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nectandra&ftrSpecies=membranacea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nectandra+membranacea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nectandra&ftrSpecies=membranacea
Neobalanocarpus heimii	Dipterocarpaceae	Neobalanocarpus heimii	No	Yes	No	No	80% germination after 50 days moist storage at 14C with 28-47% mc plus benlate (Yap, 1981); viability drops when dried below 36% mc, total loss of viability at 9.3% mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 2000b).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Neobalanocarpus&Species=heimii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Neobalanocarpus&ftrSpecies=heimii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Neobalanocarpus+heimii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Neobalanocarpus&ftrSpecies=heimii
Neolitsea parvigemma	Lauraceae	Neolitsea parvigemma	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds show freezing sensitivity and partial desiccation tolerance. At 10% mc and 23C, viability remains at approximately 50% , but is reduced at the lower temperatures of 15 C and 4C, dropping to zero when frozen at -20C (Lin, 1996).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Neolitsea&Species=parvigemma&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Neolitsea&ftrSpecies=parvigemma	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Neolitsea+parvigemma	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Neolitsea&ftrSpecies=parvigemma
Nephelium lappaceum	Sapindaceae	Nephelium lappaceum	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 36%, viability is reduced by 12% on desiccation from 36% to 25% mc, and no seeds remain viable when the mean mc is reduced to 13% (Chin et al., 1984). Seeds tolerate desiccation to 25% mc but no seeds remain viabble when the mean mc is reduced to 13%, however excised embryos tolerate desiccation to 14-15% mc, 67% survive desiccation to 8-9% mc; and 40% survive overnight in liquid nitrogen when excised embryos are treated with 10% DMSO plus 3% sucrose followed by partial desiccation (1-2 hours) (Chin & Krishnapillay, 1991). Seeds tolerate desiccation to 27% mc but no seeds remain viable when the mean mc is reduced to 12.7%, excised embryos tolerate desiccation to 39% mc, and no embryos survive desiccation to 14.4% mc, freezable water occurs at embryo mc above 30% (Hor et al., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nephelium&Species=lappaceum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nephelium&ftrSpecies=lappaceum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nephelium+lappaceum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nephelium&ftrSpecies=lappaceum
Nephelium malaiense	Sapindaceae	Nephelium malaiense	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 39% Viability is reduced on desiccation to 25% mc, 80% survive after 24 hours in moist storage at 5C, but no seeds survive at -5C (Chin et al., 1984).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nephelium&Species=malaiense&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nephelium&ftrSpecies=malaiense
Neraudia angulata	Urticaceae	Neraudia angulata	No	No	Yes	Yes	Neraudia angulata: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing; seeds could be short-lived but difficult to determine with complex dormancy; cryo protocols are underway in case cannot store conventionally (Helm Wallace, 2015). Lost 81% viability in 10.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019) \| Neraudia angulata var. angulata: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing; seeds could be short-lived but difficult to determine with complex dormancy; cryo protocols are underway in case cannot store conventionally (Helm Wallace, 2015) \| Neraudia angulata var. dentata: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing; seeds could be short-lived but difficult to determine with complex dormancy; cryo protocols are underway in case cannot store conventionally (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Neraudia&ftrSpecies=angulata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Neraudia&ftrSpecies=angulata
Nerine bowdenii	Amaryllidaceae	Nerine bowdenii	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nerine&Species=bowdenii&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nerine&ftrSpecies=bowdenii
Nerine filifolia	Amaryllidaceae	Nerine filifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nerine&Species=filifolia&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nerine&ftrSpecies=filifolia
Nerine humilis	Amaryllidaceae	Nerine humilis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nerine&Species=humilis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nerine&ftrSpecies=humilis
Nerine huttoniae	Amaryllidaceae	Nerine huttoniae	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nerine&Species=huttoniae&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nerine&ftrSpecies=huttoniae
Nertera granadensis	Rubiaceae	Nertera granadensis	No	No	Yes	No	Nertera granadensis: Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 54% viability in 8.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). 100% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 47 days at -20C at RBG Kew, WP \| Nertera granadensis var. granadensis: 100% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 3 weeks at -20C at RBG Kew, WP.	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nertera&Species=granadensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nertera&ftrSpecies=granadensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nertera&ftrSpecies=granadensis
Nestegis sandwicensis	Oleaceae	Nestegis sandwicensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low storage potential; short-lived; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nestegis&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nestegis+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nestegis&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Normanbya normanbyi	Arecaceae	Normanbya normanbyi	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Fox et al., 1987).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Normanbya&Species=normanbyi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Normanbya&ftrSpecies=normanbyi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Normanbya+normanbyi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Normanbya&ftrSpecies=normanbyi
Nothocestrum breviflorum	Solanaceae	Nothocestrum breviflorum	Yes	No	No	No	Produces few to no seeds; seeds that are produced are often non-viable; need seed collestions for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nothocestrum&ftrSpecies=breviflorum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nothocestrum+breviflorum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nothocestrum&ftrSpecies=breviflorum
Nothocestrum latifolium	Solanaceae	Nothocestrum latifolium	Yes	No	No	No	Produces few to no seeds; seeds that are produced are often non-viable; need seed collestions for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nothocestrum&ftrSpecies=latifolium	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nothocestrum+latifolium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nothocestrum&ftrSpecies=latifolium
Nothocestrum longifolium	Solanaceae	Nothocestrum longifolium	Yes	No	No	No	Produces few to no seeds; seeds that are produced are often non-viable; need seed collections for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nothocestrum&ftrSpecies=longifolium	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nothocestrum+longifolium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nothocestrum&ftrSpecies=longifolium
Nototrichium divaricatum	Amaranthaceae	Nototrichium divaricatum	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds are orthodox, but very low viability (Helm Wallace, 2015). Likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). No viability lost after 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nototrichium&ftrSpecies=divaricatum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nototrichium&ftrSpecies=divaricatum
Nototrichium humile	Amaranthaceae	Nototrichium humile	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds are orthodox but very few are available (Helm Wallace, 2015). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nototrichium&Species=humile&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nototrichium&ftrSpecies=humile	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nototrichium+humile	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nototrichium&ftrSpecies=humile
Nototrichium sandwicense	Amaranthaceae	Nototrichium sandwicense	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds are orthodox, but very low viability (Helm Wallace, 2015). Likely high storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 30% viability in 15.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nototrichium&Species=sandwicense&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nototrichium&ftrSpecies=sandwicense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Nototrichium+sandwicense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nototrichium&ftrSpecies=sandwicense
Nuphar lutea	Nymphaeaceae	Nuphar lutea	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds do not survive desiccation followed by rehydration at a range of temperatures between 6C and 26C (Hay et al., 2000). Seeds cannot be dried (Guppy, 1897).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nuphar&Species=lutea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nuphar&ftrSpecies=lutea		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nuphar&ftrSpecies=lutea
Nuphar pumila	Nymphaeaceae	Nuphar pumila	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (RBG Kew, WP).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nuphar&Species=pumila&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nuphar&ftrSpecies=pumila		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nuphar&ftrSpecies=pumila
Nymphaea alba	Nymphaeaceae	Nymphaea alba	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Dalziell et al., 2019). Embryos from seeds dried at RH's of 79% and 15% and rehydrated for 2 days at 15C showed no staining when tested with tetrazolium. Total loss of viability below 25% mc (Hay et al., 2000). Seeds cannot be dried (Guppy, 1897).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nymphaea&Species=alba&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nymphaea&ftrSpecies=alba		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nymphaea&ftrSpecies=alba
Nymphaea immutabilis	Nymphaeaceae	Nymphaea immutabilis	No	No	Yes	No	Decline in germination within 1 yr at -20o and -190oC (Dalziell et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nymphaea&ftrSpecies=immutabilis
Nymphaea odorata	Nymphaeaceae	Nymphaea odorata	No	Yes	No	No	Decline in germination within 1 yr at -20o and -190oC (Dalziell et al., 2019b). Marked decline in germination following air-drying for 24 hours, with some reduction after just 3 hours (Else and Riemer, 1984). Further tests are needed to determine whether these data reflect drying-induced reduction in viability, or the induction of dormancy.	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Nymphaea&Species=odorata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nymphaea&ftrSpecies=odorata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nymphaea&ftrSpecies=odorata
Nymphaea pubescens	Nymphaeaceae	Nymphaea pubescens	No	No	No	Yes	No germination at several temperatures and light regimes, or with ethephon, gibberellic acid, or crowding (Dalziell et al., 2019b).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nymphaea&ftrSpecies=pubescens		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Nymphaea&ftrSpecies=pubescens
Ochrosia compta	Apocynaceae	Ochrosia compta	Yes	Yes	No	No	Anecdotally recalcitrant, seeds hard to collect (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=compta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ochrosia+compta	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=compta
Ochrosia haleakalae	Apocynaceae	Ochrosia haleakalae	Yes	Yes	No	No	Anecdotally recalcitrant, seeds hard to collect (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=haleakalae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ochrosia+haleakalae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=haleakalae
Ochrosia kauaiensis	Apocynaceae	Ochrosia kauaiensis	Yes	Yes	No	No	Anecdotally recalcitrant, seeds hard to collect (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ochrosia+kauaiensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis
Ochrosia kilaueaensis	Apocynaceae	Ochrosia kilaueaensis	Yes	Yes	No	No	Anecdotally recalcitrant, seeds hard to collect (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=kilaueaensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ochrosia+kilaueaensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ochrosia&ftrSpecies=kilaueaensis
Ocotea whitei	Lauraceae	Ocotea whitei	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ocotea&Species=whitei&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ocotea&ftrSpecies=whitei	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ocotea+whitei	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ocotea&ftrSpecies=whitei
Oenocarpus bacaba	Arecaceae	Oenocarpus bacaba	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Oenocarpus&Species=bacaba&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Oenocarpus+bacaba	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Oenocarpus&ftrSpecies=bacaba
Oenocarpus bataua	Arecaceae	Oenocarpus bataua	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Oenocarpus&Species=bataua&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Oenocarpus+bataua	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Oenocarpus&ftrSpecies=bataua
Oenocarpus mapora	Arecaceae	Oenocarpus mapora	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Oenocarpus&Species=mapora&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Oenocarpus+mapora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Oenocarpus&ftrSpecies=mapora
Oenocarpus minor	Arecaceae	Oenocarpus minor	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Oenocarpus&Species=minor&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Oenocarpus+minor	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Oenocarpus&ftrSpecies=minor
Oenothera gracilis	Onagraceae	Gayophytum micranthum	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP. Oldest collection 6 years; germination change 86 to 38%, 20 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Oenothera&Species=gracilis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Oenothera&ftrSpecies=gracilis
Oncidium ampliatum	Orchidaceae	Rossioglossum ampliatum	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 3 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Oncidium&Species=ampliatum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Oncidium&ftrSpecies=ampliatum
Onosmodium molle	Boraginaceae	Onosmodium molle	No	No	No	Yes	Failed to germinate in the lab under several temperature regimes (C. Baskin pers. comm., 2020).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Onosmodium&ftrSpecies=molle		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Onosmodium&ftrSpecies=molle
Ophiopogon japonicus	Asparagaceae	Ophiopogon japonicus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Suzuki et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ophiopogon&Species=japonicus&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ophiopogon&ftrSpecies=japonicus
Ophiorrhiza tomentosa	Rubiaceae	Ophiorrhiza tomentosa	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tan & Rao, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ophiorrhiza&Species=tomentosa&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ophiorrhiza&ftrSpecies=tomentosa
Osmanthus fragrans	Oleaceae	Osmanthus fragrans	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Tang et al., 2013).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Osmanthus&Species=fragrans&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Osmanthus&ftrSpecies=fragrans	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Osmanthus+fragrans	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Osmanthus&ftrSpecies=fragrans
Osyris lanceolata	Santalaceae	Osyris lanceolata	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Mwang et al., 2004).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Osyris&Species=lanceolata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Osyris&ftrSpecies=lanceolata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Osyris+lanceolata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Osyris&ftrSpecies=lanceolata
Otoba novogranatensis	Myristicaceae	Otoba novogranatensis	No	Yes	No	No	No seeds survive desiccation to 28.9% mc (Trivino et al., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Otoba&Species=novogranatensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Otoba&ftrSpecies=novogranatensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Otoba+novogranatensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Otoba&ftrSpecies=novogranatensis
Paphiopedilum rothschildianum	Orchidaceae	Paphiopedilum rothschildianum	No	No	Yes	No	Better survival in LN than at -30o or -50oC (Pritchard et al., 1999). Seeds survive desiccation to mc's in equilibrium with 32% r.h. and freezing for 12 months at sub-zero temperatures down to -20C (Pritchard et al., 1999).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Paphiopedilum&Species=rothschildianum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Paphiopedilum&ftrSpecies=rothschildianum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Paphiopedilum&ftrSpecies=rothschildianum
Parashorea malaanonan	Dipterocarpaceae	Parashorea malaanonan	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC=42% (Tompsett, 1992); seeds survive temperatures below 10°C for 1-2 weeks, after which time viability is rapidly reduced, e.g., viability is lost after 1 month at 4°C (Sasaki, 1980). Sasaki (1980) classified this species in the White Meranti Group as their seeds are able to survive 4°C.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Parashorea&Species=malaanonan&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Parashorea&ftrSpecies=malaanonan	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Parashorea+malaanonan	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Parashorea&ftrSpecies=malaanonan
Parashorea smythiesii	Dipterocarpaceae	Parashorea smythiesii	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= ca. 40%, 46% germination after 317 days moist storage at 18C with ca. 45% mc in perlite medium (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Parashorea&Species=smythiesii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Parashorea&ftrSpecies=smythiesii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Parashorea+smythiesii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Parashorea&ftrSpecies=smythiesii
Parashorea tomentella	Dipterocarpaceae	Parashorea tomentella	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC=43%, 40% germination after 91 days moist storage at 16C with 40-50% mc in perlite medium (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Parashorea&Species=tomentella&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Parashorea&ftrSpecies=tomentella	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Parashorea+tomentella	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Parashorea&ftrSpecies=tomentella
Paspalum depauperatum	Poaceae	Paspalum candidum	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP; germination change 88.9 to 60%, 9 years, 1 collection.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Paspalum&Species=depauperatum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Paspalum&ftrSpecies=depauperatum
Passiflora edulis	Passifloraceae	Passiflora edulis	No	No	Yes	Yes	Failed to germinate in the lab under several temperature regimes (C. Baskin pers. comm., 2020). MCS= 20.3% Seeds tolerate desiccation to 9.1% mc (87% germination), but further desiccation to 5.2% mc reduces viability by 22%, viability is also reduced considerably (40% germination) after 12 months storage at 20°C with 5.2% mc, while little loss in viability (75% germination) at this temperature with 9.1% mc (Teng & Hor, 1976; Teng, 1977); initial germination 75%, 73% germination after storage in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours (Becwar et al., 1983); viability is declined rapidly after 2 months open storage, however viability is maintained for 12 months in hermetic storage at room temperature with 10% mc (Verheij & Coronel, 1991); seeds tolerate desiccation to 8.3 % mc, however viability is reduced by 50% following 66 months subsequent hermetic storage at -20°C (SSLR).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Passiflora&Species=edulis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Passiflora&ftrSpecies=edulis
Pelliciera rhizophorae	Tetrameristaceae	Pelliciera rhizophorae	No	Yes	No	No	The species is cryptoviviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pelliciera&Species=rhizophorae&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pelliciera&ftrSpecies=rhizophorae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pelliciera+rhizophorae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pelliciera&ftrSpecies=rhizophorae
Pentaclethra macrophylla	Fabaceae	Pentaclethra macrophylla	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ng et al., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pentaclethra&Species=macrophylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pentaclethra&ftrSpecies=macrophylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pentaclethra+macrophylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pentaclethra&ftrSpecies=macrophylla
Peperomia membranacea	Piperaceae	Peperomia membranacea	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 51% viability in 15.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Peperomia&Species=membranacea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Peperomia&ftrSpecies=membranacea		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Peperomia&ftrSpecies=membranacea
Perrottetia sandwicensis	Dipentodontaceae	Perrottetia sandwicensis	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; target for further research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016). Lost 13% viability in 2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Perrottetia&Species=sandwicensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Perrottetia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Perrottetia+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Perrottetia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Persea americana	Lauraceae	Persea americana	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 65%. (The fruit is a large fleshy berry, single-seeded.) Seeds are large, with two seed coats, and two large fleshy cotyledons enclosing a small embryo. EMCS= 67%, LSMC= 57% for slow drying, 57.4% mc for rapid drying (Boyce, 1989; Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Persea&Species=americana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Persea&ftrSpecies=americana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Persea+americana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Persea&ftrSpecies=americana
Persea kusanoi	Lauraceae	Machilus japonica var. kusanoi	No	Yes	No	No	Machilus japonica var. kusanoi: Recalcitrant (Lin & Chen, 1993); p50= 21 days when stored first at 25C with 80-91% r.h. for 2 weeks, then at 4C with 89% r.h. (Lin & Huang, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Persea&Species=kusanoi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Machilus&ftrSpecies=japonica		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Persea&ftrSpecies=kusanoi
Persea thunbergii	Lauraceae	Machilus thunbergii	No	Yes	No	No	MCS=43% . Reduction in viability when dried below 38% mc, 50% reduction in viability when dried at 73% RH for 31 days (Lin & Chen, 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Persea&Species=thunbergii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Machilus&ftrSpecies=thunbergii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Persea+thunbergii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Persea&ftrSpecies=thunbergii
Persea zuihoensis	Lauraceae	Machilus zuihoensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Lin & Chen, 1993); p50= 210 days when stored first at 25C with 80-91% r.h. for 2 weeks, then at 4C with 89% r.h. (Lin & Huang, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Persea&Species=zuihoensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Machilus&ftrSpecies=zuihoensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Persea+zuihoensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Persea&ftrSpecies=zuihoensis
Phlox bifida	Polemoniaceae	Phlox bifida	Yes	No	No	No	Phlox bifida subsp. stellaria: Very limited seed set in natural populations; populations are very small; seeds can tolerate prolonged dry storage (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=bifida		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=bifida
Phlox buckleyi	Polemoniaceae	Phlox buckleyi	Yes	No	No	No	Rare, limited seed set (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=buckleyi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=buckleyi
Phlox floridana	Polemoniaceae	Phlox floridana	Yes	No	No	No	Very limited seed set in natural populations; populations are very small; seeds can tolerate prolonged dry storage (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=floridana		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=floridana
Phlox pilosa	Polemoniaceae	Phlox pilosa	Yes	No	No	No	Phlox pilosa subsp. deamii: Most of the original populations used to describe this species are no longer extant; limited seed production; seed production is limited; seeds tolerate prolonged dry storage (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=pilosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phlox&ftrSpecies=pilosa
Phyllostegia grandiflora	Lamiaceae	Phyllostegia grandiflora	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 50% viability in 5.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=grandiflora		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=grandiflora
Phyllostegia kaalaensis	Lamiaceae	Phyllostegia kaalaensis	No	No	Yes	No	May have just been extirpated; seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). Lost 71% viability in 10.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=kaalaensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=kaalaensis
Phyllostegia mollis	Lamiaceae	Phyllostegia mollis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 35% viability in 10 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=mollis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=mollis
Phyllostegia stachyoides	Lamiaceae	Phyllostegia stachyoides	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 80% viability in 15.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Phyllostegia&Species=stachyoides&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=stachyoides		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=stachyoides
Phyllostegia velutina	Lamiaceae	Phyllostegia velutina	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 15 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=velutina		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phyllostegia&ftrSpecies=velutina
Phytolacca sandwicensis	Phytolaccaceae	Phytolacca sandwicensis	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 51% viability in 5.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Phytolacca&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Phytolacca&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Pilosella officinarum	Asteraceae	Pilosella officinarum	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP. Germination change 100 to 65%, 13 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pilosella&Species=officinarum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pilosella&ftrSpecies=officinarum
Piper nigrum	Piperaceae	Piper nigrum	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 35-42% (Chaudhury & Chandel, 1994) Seeds should be dried before storage, but longevity is short in open storage at room temperature (Purseglove, 1968b); viability declines rapidly from 20 days after harvesting, viability is reduced from 80% before storage to 35% after 40 days open storage at room temperature (Nuryani, 1978). MCS= 35-42%, 70% initial germination, 15% and 0% germination after 10 and 15 days open storage with fresh seeds (35-42% mc) at 5°C, respectivey; LSMC= 11.9%, 21% of the seeds survived desiccation to 5.9% mc, 45% and 11% survived 24 hours in liquid nitrogen for seeds desiccated to 11.9% and 5.9% mc, respectively (Chaudhury & Chandel, 1994) Comment: Chaudhury & Chandel (1994) used the term "recalcitrant" to classify this species.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Piper&Species=nigrum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Piper&ftrSpecies=nigrum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Piper&ftrSpecies=nigrum
Pipturus albidus	Urticaceae	Pipturus albidus	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 51% viability in 20.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pipturus&Species=albidus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pipturus&ftrSpecies=albidus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pipturus+albidus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pipturus&ftrSpecies=albidus
Pisonia brunoniana	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia brunoniana	No	No	Yes	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 6.7 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=brunoniana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pisonia+brunoniana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=brunoniana
Pisonia grandis	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia grandis	No	Yes	No	No	Likely low storage potential; recalcitrant; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=grandis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pisonia+grandis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=grandis
Pisonia sandwicensis	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia sandwicensis	No	Yes	No	No	Likely low storage potential; recalcitrant; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pisonia+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Pisonia umbellifera	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia umbellifera	No	Yes	No	No	Likely low storage potential; recalcitrant; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=umbellifera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pisonia+umbellifera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=umbellifera
Pisonia wagneriana	Nyctaginaceae	Pisonia wagneriana	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=wagneriana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pisonia+wagneriana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pisonia&ftrSpecies=wagneriana
Pittosporum argentifolium	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum argentifolium	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=argentifolium	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+argentifolium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=argentifolium
Pittosporum confertiflorum	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum confertiflorum	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds lose viability quickly (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; target for further research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=confertiflorum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+confertiflorum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=confertiflorum
Pittosporum flocculosum	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum flocculosum	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016). Lost 32% viability in 10.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=flocculosum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+flocculosum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=flocculosum
Pittosporum gayanum	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum gayanum	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=gayanum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+gayanum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=gayanum
Pittosporum glabrum	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum glabrum	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016). Lost 15% viability in 1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=glabrum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+glabrum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=glabrum
Pittosporum halophilum	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum halophylum	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=halophilum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+halophilum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=halophilum
Pittosporum hawaiiense	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum hawaiiense	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=hawaiiense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+hawaiiense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=hawaiiense
Pittosporum kauaiense	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum kauaiense	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=kauaiense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+kauaiense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=kauaiense
Pittosporum napaliense	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum napaliense	Yes	No	Yes	No	No seeds set (Helm Wallace, 2015). Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=napaliense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+napaliense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=napaliense
Pittosporum terminalioides	Pittosporaceae	Pittosporum terminalioides	No	No	Yes	No	Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=terminalioides	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pittosporum+terminalioides	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pittosporum&ftrSpecies=terminalioides
Planchonella sandwicensis	Sapotaceae	Planchonella sandwicensis	No	Yes	No	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 0.7 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input				https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Planchonella+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Planchonella&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Platanthera leucophaea	Orchidaceae	Platanthera leucophaea	No	No	Yes	No	Can't propagate and seed believed to be short-lived in storage (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Platanthera&ftrSpecies=leucophaea		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Platanthera&ftrSpecies=leucophaea
Platydesma cornuta	Rutaceae	Platydesma cornuta	No	No	Yes	Yes	Platydesma cornuta var. cornuta: Rare and certainly exceptional (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016) \| Platydesma cornuta var. decurrens: Seeds appear short-lived in conventional storage; very low germination after storage; fresh seeds take a very long time to germinate, 5+ years; -80C and cryo storage research necessary (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Platydesma&ftrSpecies=cornuta		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Platydesma&ftrSpecies=cornuta
Platydesma spathulata	Rutaceae	Platydesma spathulatum	Yes	No	No	No	Very low germination, produces seeds infrequently (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Platydesma&ftrSpecies=spathulata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Platydesma+spathulata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Platydesma&ftrSpecies=spathulata
Pleione bulbocodioides	Orchidaceae	Pleione bulbocodioides	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 3 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pleione&Species=bulbocodioides&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pleione&ftrSpecies=bulbocodioides		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pleione&ftrSpecies=bulbocodioides
Pleomele auwahiensis	Asparagaceae	Dracaena rockii	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pleomele&ftrSpecies=auwahiensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pleomele&ftrSpecies=auwahiensis
Pleomele hawaiiensis	Asparagaceae	Dracaena konaensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pleomele&ftrSpecies=hawaiiensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pleomele&ftrSpecies=hawaiiensis
Plumbago zeylanica	Plumbaginaceae	Plumbago zeylanica	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; target for further research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016). Seeds are maintained in the long-term seed store at PGRC/Ethiopia (Zewdie, 1994).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Plumbago&Species=zeylanica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Plumbago&ftrSpecies=zeylanica		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Plumbago&ftrSpecies=zeylanica
Podocarpus henkelii	Podocarpaceae	Podocarpus henkelii	No	Yes	No	No	EMCS= 66%, MCS= 54.5%, LSMC= 35.5% (Dodd et al., 1989; Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Podocarpus&Species=henkelii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Podocarpus&ftrSpecies=henkelii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Podocarpus+henkelii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Podocarpus&ftrSpecies=henkelii
Podocarpus macrophyllus	Podocarpaceae	Podocarpus macrophyllus	No	Yes	No	No	This species is classified as recalcitrant by Lin & Huang (1994), but no evidence of desiccation sensitivity is given.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Podocarpus&Species=macrophyllus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Podocarpus&ftrSpecies=macrophyllus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Podocarpus+macrophyllus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Podocarpus&ftrSpecies=macrophyllus
Podocarpus nagi	Podocarpaceae	Nageia nagi	No	Yes	No	No	This species is classified as recalcitrant by Lin & Huang (1994), but no evidence of desiccation sensitivity is given.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Podocarpus&Species=nagi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Nageia&ftrSpecies=nagi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Podocarpus+nagi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Podocarpus&ftrSpecies=nagi
Podocarpus totara	Podocarpaceae	Podocarpus totara	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Podocarpus&Species=totara&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Podocarpus&ftrSpecies=totara	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Podocarpus+totara	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Podocarpus&ftrSpecies=totara
Polyscias lydgatei	Araliaceae	Polyscias lydgatei	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential; may be short-lived (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 15.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Polyscias&ftrSpecies=lydgatei	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Polyscias+lydgatei	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Polyscias&ftrSpecies=lydgatei
Polyscias racemosa	Araliaceae	Polyscias racemosa	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 68% viability in 10.6 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Polyscias&ftrSpecies=racemosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Polyscias+racemosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Polyscias&ftrSpecies=racemosa
Polystachya albescens	Orchidaceae	Polystachya albescens	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 6 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Polystachya&Species=albescens&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Polystachya&ftrSpecies=albescens		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Polystachya&ftrSpecies=albescens
Polystachya vulcanica	Orchidaceae	Polystachya vulcanica	No	No	Yes	No	<20% germination after 6 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Polystachya&Species=vulcanica&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Polystachya&ftrSpecies=vulcanica
Pometia pinnata	Sapindaceae	Allophylus cobbe	No	Yes	No	No	Viability maintained for 6 months in moist storage at 20°C (Riley, 1981); seeds are desiccation sensitive, minimum safe mc = approximately 41 % (Ouédraogo et al., 1999); viability declines when dried below 27 % mc, zero viability at 16 % mc, optimum storage conditions = seeds survived for 12 weeks at 32.7 % mc and 14-16ºC (IPGRI/DFSC, 1997).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pometia&Species=pinnata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pometia&ftrSpecies=pinnata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pometia+pinnata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pometia&ftrSpecies=pinnata
Populus deltoides	Salicaceae	Populus deltoides	No	No	Yes	No	50-70% germination following 2 years hermetic air-dry storage at 2-5C (Schreiner, 1974);. 21% viability lost after 6 years hermetic storage at -20C with 6-10% mc (Tauer, 1979);. 24-100% viability lost after 10 years hermetic storage at -18C with 8.4-13.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Populus&Species=deltoides&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Populus&ftrSpecies=deltoides	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Populus+deltoides	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Populus&ftrSpecies=deltoides
Populus laurifolia	Salicaceae	Populus laurifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Hermetic storage at sub-zero temperatures with <6% mc recommended for long-term (Schreiner, 1974). Maximum advisable storage c. 4 weeks in non-drying conditions at 0C (Gosling, 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Populus&Species=laurifolia&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Populus+laurifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Populus&ftrSpecies=laurifolia
Populus nigra	Salicaceae	Populus nigra	No	No	Yes	No	Populus nigra: Hermetic storage at sub-zero temperatures with <6% mc recommended for long-term (Schreiner, 1974);. best germination percentage is achieved after 5 years hermetic storage at 4C with 7-8% mc (Muller & Cros, 1982) \| Populus nigra var. betulifolia: Maximum advisable storage c. 4 weeks in non-drying conditions at 0C (Gosling, 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox, Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Populus&Species=nigra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Populus&ftrSpecies=nigra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Populus+nigra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Populus&ftrSpecies=nigra
Populus tremula	Salicaceae	Populus tremula	No	No	Yes	No	Optimum air-dry storage environments appear to be 4-7%mc and -5°C to -20°C; drying to <3% mc is damaging to seed viability.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Populus&Species=tremula&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Populus&ftrSpecies=tremula	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Populus+tremula	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Populus&ftrSpecies=tremula
Porteresia coarctata	Poaceae	Porteresia coarctata	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Probert & Longley, 1989; Aldridge & Probert, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Porteresia&Species=coarctata&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Porteresia&ftrSpecies=coarctata
Pouteria adolfi-friedericii	Sapotaceae	Pouteria adolfi-friedericii	No	Yes	No	No	The fruit is one-seeded berry. Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Albrecht, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pouteria&Species=adolfi-friedericii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pouteria&ftrSpecies=adolfi-friedericii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pouteria+adolfi-friedericii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pouteria&ftrSpecies=adolfi-friedericii
Pouteria campechiana	Sapotaceae	Pouteria campechiana	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993); short-lived (Mensa & Acosta, 1990); viability can be maintained for 6 months in moist storage at 20C (Riley, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pouteria&Species=campechiana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pouteria&ftrSpecies=campechiana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pouteria+campechiana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pouteria&ftrSpecies=campechiana
Pouteria ramiflora	Sapotaceae	Pouteria ramiflora	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous Laboriau et al., 1964).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pouteria&Species=ramiflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pouteria&ftrSpecies=ramiflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pouteria+ramiflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pouteria&ftrSpecies=ramiflora
Prioria copaifera	Fabaceae	Prioria copaifera	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Prioria&Species=copaifera&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Prioria&ftrSpecies=copaifera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Prioria+copaifera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Prioria&ftrSpecies=copaifera
Pritchardia kaalae	Arecaceae	Pritchardia kaalae	No	No	Yes	No	Cannot propagate from stored seed; embryos withstand desiccation but cannot germinate after storage; cryo protocols currently being developed for genus; deemed only storage options for genus by NCGRP (Helm Wallace, 2015). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, pers. com.).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pritchardia&Species=kaalae&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pritchardia&ftrSpecies=kaalae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pritchardia+kaalae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pritchardia&ftrSpecies=kaalae
Pritchardia remota	Arecaceae	Pritchardia remota	No	No	Yes	No	Low storage potential; short-lived, cold temperature sensitive (Chau, 2016). Lost 95% viability in 2.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, pers. com.).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Pritchardia&Species=remota&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pritchardia&ftrSpecies=remota	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pritchardia+remota	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pritchardia&ftrSpecies=remota
Pritchardia schattaueri	Arecaceae	Pritchardia schattaueri	No	No	Yes	No	Unknown storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 100% viability in 1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pritchardia&ftrSpecies=schattaueri	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pritchardia+schattaueri	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pritchardia&ftrSpecies=schattaueri
Prunus serotina	Rosaceae	Prunus serotina	No	No	Yes	No	Prunus serotina: >80% germination after 3 years hermetic storage at -18°C with 5% mc (Grisez, 1974); seeds tolerate desiccation to 4% mc, hermetic storage at 4-6% mc and -18°C recommended (Huntzinger, 1971); drying to 4-6% mc induces dormancy that requires 3 years after-ripening at 5°C or prolonged pre-chilling to overcome (Huntzinger, 1971); 66% germination after 8 years hermetic storage at -20°C with 4-6% mc (Grisez, 1976); hermetic storage at 0°-5°C with 5-10% mc recommended for medium-term (Bonner, 1978a, b) \| Prunus serotina subsp. capuli: 90% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 67 days at -20C at RBG Kew, WP	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Prunus&Species=serotina&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Prunus&ftrSpecies=serotina	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Prunus+serotina	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Prunus&ftrSpecies=serotina
Pseudognaphalium sandwicensium	Asteraceae	Pseudognaphalium sandwicensium	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). Lost 97% viability in 15.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pseudognaphalium&ftrSpecies=sandwicensium		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pseudognaphalium&ftrSpecies=sandwicensium
Psychotria hexandra	Rubiaceae	Psychotria hexandra	Yes	No	No	No	Psychotria hexandra subsp. hexandra var. hexandra: Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016) \| Psychotria hexandra subsp. hexandra var. hirta: Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016) \| Psychotria hexandra subsp. hexandra var. kealiae: Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016) \| Psychotria hexandra subsp. oahuensis: Extremely rare, seeds rarely available; produces seeds very infrequently; storage protocols uncertain; need seeds for research trials (Helm Wallace, 2015) \| Psychotria hexandra subsp. oahuensis var. hosakana: Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016) \| Psychotria hexandra subsp. oahuensis var. rockii: Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Psychotria&ftrSpecies=hexandra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Psychotria+hexandra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Psychotria&ftrSpecies=hexandra
Psychotria mariniana	Rubiaceae	Psychotria mariniana	No	No	Yes	No	Low storage potential; short-lived (Chau, 2016). Intermediate (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Psychotria&Species=mariniana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Psychotria&ftrSpecies=mariniana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Psychotria+mariniana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Psychotria&ftrSpecies=mariniana
Psychotria vellosiana	Rubiaceae	Psychotria vellosiana	No	No	Yes	No	Intermediate (Aražjo & Cardosa, 2006).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Psychotria&Species=vellosiana&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Psychotria&ftrSpecies=vellosiana
Psydrax odorata	Rubiaceae	Psydrax odorata	No	No	No	Yes	5% germination after 30 weeks (Baskin et al., 2004). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 31% viability in 15.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Psydrax&Species=odorata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Psydrax&ftrSpecies=odorata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Psydrax+odorata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Psydrax&ftrSpecies=odorata
Pteralyxia kauaiensis	Apocynaceae	Pteralyxia kauaiensis	No	Yes	No	No	Anecdotally recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pteralyxia&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pteralyxia+kauaiensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pteralyxia&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis
Pteralyxia macrocarpa	Apocynaceae	Pteralyxia laurifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Pteralyxia&ftrSpecies=macrocarpa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Pteralyxia+macrocarpa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pteralyxia&ftrSpecies=macrocarpa
Pterostylis recurva	Orchidaceae	Pterostylis recurva	No	No	Yes	No	Better survival over 2 years at -80oC than -18oC (Hay et al., 2010).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pterostylis&ftrSpecies=recurva
Pterostylis sanguinea	Orchidaceae	Pterostylis sanguinea	No	No	Yes	No	50-60% germination at -18o, -80o, and -196oC after 2 years (Hay et al., 2010).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Pterostylis&ftrSpecies=sanguinea
Quercus acuta	Fagaceae	Quercus acuta	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 38%, 80% germination on desiccation to 34% mc, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 26% (Tamari, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=acuta&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=acuta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+acuta	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=acuta
Quercus acutissima	Fagaceae	Quercus acutissima	No	Yes	No	No	45-50% mc (Yamamoto, 1966); 30% germination on desiccation to 42% mc, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 35% (Tamari, 1978); moist storage at 5C recommended (Nakamura, 1975).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=acutissima&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=acutissima	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+acutissima	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=acutissima
Quercus alba	Fagaceae	Quercus alba	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds damaged by desiccation to 33% mc (Korstian, 1927; cited by King & Roberts, 1979); 57% excised embryonic axes survive desiccation (drying overnight under a stream of air, mc not reported), 25% survive subsequent overnight storage in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=alba&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=alba	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+alba	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=alba
Quercus emoryi	Fagaceae	Quercus emoryi	No	No	Yes	No	The high percentage of seed survival (relative to initial germination) at 13% mc implies that seeds of this species are certainly not recalcitrant. More investigations are needed.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=emoryi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=emoryi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+emoryi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=emoryi
Quercus falcata	Fagaceae	Quercus falcata	No	Yes	No	No	Quercus falcata var. pagodifolia: MCS= 40%, LSMC= 25%, complete loss in viability on desiccation to about 15% mc (Krajicek, 1968); little loss in viability (6%) following 30 months moist storage at 3°C with 35% mc and aeration (Bonner, 1973); EMCS=62%, about 30% excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 25% mc, nevertheless the surviving excised embryonic axes at 25% mc also maintained in liquid nitrogen for overnight (Pence, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=falcata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=falcata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+falcata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=falcata
Quercus ilex	Fagaceae	Quercus ilex	No	Yes	No	No	No seeds survive desiccation ( Zulueta et al., 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=ilex&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=ilex	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+ilex	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=ilex
Quercus marilandica	Fagaceae	Quercus marilandica	No	Yes	No	No	No excised embryonic axes survive desiccation (drying overnight under a stream of air, mc not reported) (Pence, 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=marilandica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=marilandica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+marilandica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=marilandica
Quercus myrsinaefolia	Fagaceae	Quercus myrsinifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, MCS= 39%, LSMC= 38%, 80% germination on desiccation to 36% mc, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 28% (Tamari, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=myrsinaefolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=myrsinifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+myrsinaefolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=myrsinaefolia
Quercus nigra	Fagaceae	Quercus nigra	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Olson, 1974c); EMCS= 62%, about 90% and 40% excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 40% and 25% mc, respectively; however less than half of the surviving excised embryonic axes are maintained in liquid nitrogen for overnight (Pence, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=nigra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=nigra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+nigra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=nigra
Quercus palustris	Fagaceae	Quercus palustris	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Olson, 1974c); EMCS= 52%, about 45% excised embryonic axes survive desiccation to 20% mc; however only 10% of these excised embryonic axes survive overnight in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=palustris&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=palustris	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+palustris	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=palustris
Quercus petraea	Fagaceae	Quercus petraea	No	Yes	No	No	Quercus petraea: Seeds can be stored for 9.5 months with 25-28% mc in moist peat/sand at 0C to 4C and 100% r.h. (Wang & Zasada, 1976) \| Quercus petraea subsp. petraea: Seeds damaged by desiccation to <22% mc (Messer, 1960; cited by King & Roberts, 1979).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant, Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=petraea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=petraea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+petraea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=petraea
Quercus robur	Fagaceae	Quercus robur	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 50.4%; EMCS= 60% Viability maintained for 12 months in storage at 5°C with partially dried seeds (Riley, 1981); viability maintained if stored cool and if not excessively dried (Verheij & Coronel, 1991); complete loss in viability occurs after 9-11 days in open storage at 25°-30°C (Fu et al., 1989, 1994); seeds tolerate desiccation to about 40% mc, complete loss in viability when mean mc is reduced to about 20% (Fu et al., 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=robur&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=robur	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+robur	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=robur
Quercus rubra	Fagaceae	Quercus rubra	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds damaged on desiccation to 20% mc (Messer, 1960; cited by King & Roberts, 1979); a loss in viability of 18-46% following 18 months moist storage at -1°C to -3°C with 38-45% mc (Suszka & Tylkowski, 1982); RSS=35-40% mc and 2°C (Labeke et al., 1989) LSMC= 30%, ELSMC=32-45%, but a majority of excised embryonic axes survive further desiccation to 8% mc by rapid drying; initiation of viability loss during seed drying occurs when embryonic axis is in equilibrium with a water potential of -3 to -5 MPa (Pritchard,1991); EMCS= 38%, ELSMC= 22%, no excised embyonic axes survive desiccation to 15%, most excised embryonic axes dried to 20-22% mc also survive overnight in liquid nitrogen (Pence, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=rubra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=rubra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+rubra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=rubra
Quercus serrata	Fagaceae	Quercus serrata	No	Yes	No	No	45-50% mc (Yamamoto, 1966); MCS= 45%, 80% germination on desiccation to 42% mc, no seeds remain viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 32% (Tamari, 1978).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=serrata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=serrata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+serrata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=serrata
Quercus suber	Fagaceae	Quercus suber	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Dent, 1948); no seeds survive desiccation to 23% mc, 86% germination following 8 months moist storage at 3C with 35% mc (Harrington, 1972).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=suber&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=suber	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+suber	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=suber
Quercus velutina	Fagaceae	Quercus velutina	No	Yes	No	No	Damaged by desiccation to 5% mc (Delavan, 1916; cited by King & Roberts, 1979); cold moist storage recommended (Olson, 1974c).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=velutina&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=velutina	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+velutina	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=velutina
Quercus virginiana	Fagaceae	Quercus virginiana	No	Yes	No	No	Seed weight loss by desiccation by 15% and 20% (mc not specifed) reduces viability to 66% and 4%, respectively (Morgan & McWilliams, 1981); a loss in viability of about 35% following 12 months moist storage at 2C (Bonner & Vozzo, 1987).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Quercus&Species=virginiana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=virginiana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Quercus+virginiana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Quercus&ftrSpecies=virginiana
Rafflesia arnoldii	Rafflesiaceae	Rafflesia arnoldii	Yes	No	No	No	Seeds infrequent (Hidayati & Walck, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rafflesia&ftrSpecies=arnoldii
Rauvolfia sandwicensis	Apocynaceae	Rauvolfia sandwicensis	No	Yes	No	No	Anecdotally recalcitrant (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rauvolfia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rauvolfia+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rauvolfia&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Ravenala madagascariensis	Strelitziaceae	Ravenala madagascariensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation to 7% mc, however a few seeds survive following 72 months subsequent hermetic storage at -20C (SSLR).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ravenala&Species=madagascariensis&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ravenala+madagascariensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ravenala&ftrSpecies=madagascariensis
Ravenea dransfieldii	Arecaceae	Ravenea dransfieldii	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Rakotondranony et al., 2006).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ravenea&Species=dransfieldii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=dransfieldii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ravenea+dransfieldii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=dransfieldii
Ravenea glauca	Arecaceae	Ravenea glauca	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Rakotondranony et al., 2006).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ravenea&Species=glauca&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=glauca	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ravenea+glauca	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=glauca
Ravenea rivularis	Arecaceae	Ravenea rivularis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Rakotondranony et al., 2006).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ravenea&Species=rivularis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=rivularis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ravenea+rivularis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=rivularis
Ravenea xerophila	Arecaceae	Ravenea xerophila	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Rakotondranony et al., 2006).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Ravenea&Species=xerophila&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=xerophila	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Ravenea+xerophila	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ravenea&ftrSpecies=xerophila
Remya kauaiensis	Asteraceae	Remya kauaiensis	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 42% viability in 15.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Remya&Species=kauaiensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Remya&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Remya&ftrSpecies=kauaiensis
Remya mauiensis	Asteraceae	Remya mauiensis	Yes	No	No	No	Low seed viability (Helm Wallace, 2015). Likely high storage potential; low viability; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Remya&ftrSpecies=mauiensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Remya&ftrSpecies=mauiensis
Remya montgomeryi	Asteraceae	Remya montgomeryi	Yes	No	No	No	Low viability (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Remya&ftrSpecies=montgomeryi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Remya&ftrSpecies=montgomeryi
Rhapidophyllum hystrix	Arecaceae	Rhapidophyllum hystrix	No	No	Yes	No	The results reported by Carpenter et al. (1993) show that thisspecies has intermediate seed storage behaviour, and cool temperatures below 0°C are damaging. It is suggested that suitable hermetic air-dry storage environments are about 10-12% mc and 5°-10°C.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhapidophyllum&Species=hystrix&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhapidophyllum&ftrSpecies=hystrix		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhapidophyllum&ftrSpecies=hystrix
Rheedia edulis	Clusiaceae	Garcinia intermedia	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to ambient rh (Garwood, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rheedia&Species=edulis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Garcinia&ftrSpecies=intermedia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rheedia+edulis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rheedia&ftrSpecies=edulis
Rhipogonum scandens	Ripogonaceae	Ripogonum scandens	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Fountain & Outred, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhipogonum&Species=scandens&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhipogonum&ftrSpecies=scandens
Rhizophora apiculata	Rhizophoraceae	Rhizophora apiculata	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhizophora&Species=apiculata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=apiculata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rhizophora+apiculata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=apiculata
Rhizophora mangle	Rhizophoraceae	Rhizophora mangle	No	Yes	No	No	Viviparity (Harrington, 1972).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhizophora&Species=mangle&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=mangle	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rhizophora+mangle	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=mangle
Rhizophora mucronata	Rhizophoraceae	Rhizophora mucronata	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993); viviparity (Harrington, 1972; Lemmens & Wulijarni-Soetjipto, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhizophora&Species=mucronata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=mucronata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rhizophora+mucronata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=mucronata
Rhizophora racemosa	Rhizophoraceae	Rhizophora racemosa	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhizophora&Species=racemosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=racemosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rhizophora+racemosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=racemosa
Rhizophora samoensis	Rhizophoraceae	Rhizophora samoensis	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Tomlinson, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhizophora&Species=samoensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=samoensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rhizophora+samoensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=samoensis
Rhizophora stylosa	Rhizophoraceae	Rhizophora stylosa	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Rhizophora&Species=stylosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=stylosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rhizophora+stylosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhizophora&ftrSpecies=stylosa
Rhus sandwicensis	Anacardiaceae	Rhus sandwicensis	Yes	No	No	No	Very low germination, but more research needed (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; low viability; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rhus&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Rhus+sandwicensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rhus&ftrSpecies=sandwicensis
Rollandia angustifolia	Campanulaceae	Cyanea koolauensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=angustifolia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=angustifolia
Rollandia crispa	Campanulaceae	Cyanea crispa	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=crispa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=crispa
Rollandia humboldtiana	Campanulaceae	Cyanea humboldtiana	Yes	No	No	No	Fruits commonly abort from plants before fully maturing, resulting in low quality seed (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=humboldtiana		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=humboldtiana
Rollandia longiflora	Campanulaceae	Cyanea longiflora	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=longiflora		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=longiflora
Rollandia st.-johnii	Campanulaceae	Cyanea st-johnii	Yes	No	Yes	No	Produces few or no seeds without hand pollination, mature seeds difficult to access, seeds sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=st.-johnii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Rollandia&ftrSpecies=st.-johnii
Roystonea regia	Arecaceae	Roystonea regia	No	No	Yes	No	Campbell (1982) showed that seeds which were prechilled at 10°C for 2 months gave more uniform and highest germination while prechilling at 5°Cwere damaging. It is therefore suggested that medium-term storage can be achieved with seeds at 10% mc and 10°C, since 10°C is not damaging.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Roystonea&Species=regia&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Roystonea+regia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Roystonea&ftrSpecies=regia
Saba senegalensis	Apocynaceae	Saba senegalensis	No	Yes	No	No	Rapid loss in viability below 25 % mc, with no seeds remaining viable when mc is further reduced to 6 %. Few undried seeds survive beyond 60 days when stored at -5°C. At the higher temperatures of 30°C, 15°C and 5°C, survival is good for 60 days, but steadily drops thereafter (Danthu et al., 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Saba&Species=senegalensis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Saba&ftrSpecies=senegalensis
Salix jejuna	Salicaceae	Salix jejuna	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant seed (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=jejuna		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=jejuna
Salix purpurea	Salicaceae	Salix purpurea	No	Yes	No	No	Maximum advisable storage c. 4 weeks in non-drying conditions at 0C (Gosling, 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Salix&Species=purpurea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=purpurea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Salix+purpurea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=purpurea
Salix triandra	Salicaceae	Salix triandra	No	Yes	No	No	Maximum advisable storage c. 4 weeks in non-drying conditions at 0C (Gosling, 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Salix&Species=triandra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=triandra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Salix+triandra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=triandra
Salix viminalis	Salicaceae	Salix viminalis	No	Yes	No	No	Maximum advisable storage c. 4 weeks in non-drying conditions at 0C (Gosling, 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Salix&Species=viminalis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=viminalis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Salix+viminalis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Salix&ftrSpecies=viminalis
Sandoricum koetjape	Meliaceae	Sandoricum koetjape	No	Yes	No	No	Total loss of viability below 20 % mc (Hong and Ellis, 1998). One lot of seeds extracted at Los Banos, Philippines showed 10% viviparous germination on receipt at Reading, 98% survived desiccation to 45% mc but none survived further desiccation to about 32% mc (SSLR). Whilst it is clear that seeds often display marked desiccation sensitivity, the above results are in contradiction with the observations of Riley (1981) that viability can be maintained for 3 years in air- dry storage at 5°C.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sandoricum&Species=koetjape&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sandoricum&ftrSpecies=koetjape	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Sandoricum+koetjape	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sandoricum&ftrSpecies=koetjape
Sanicula purpurea	Apiaceae	Sanicula purpurea	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing; seeds are banked and viable (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sanicula&ftrSpecies=purpurea		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sanicula&ftrSpecies=purpurea
Santalum freycinetianum	Santalaceae	Santalum freycinetianum	No	No	Yes	No	Santalum freycinetianum: Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 33% viability in 10.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019) \| Santalum freycinetianum var. freycinetianum: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=freycinetianum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Santalum+freycinetianum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=freycinetianum
Santalum haleakalae	Santalaceae	Santalum haleakalae	No	No	Yes	No	Santalum haleakalae var. haleakalae: Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016) \| Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense: Likely moderate storage potential; freeze-sensitive; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=haleakalae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Santalum+haleakalae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=haleakalae
Santalum involutum	Santalaceae	Santalum involutum	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=involutum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Santalum+involutum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=involutum
Santalum paniculatum	Santalaceae	Santalum paniculatum	No	No	Yes	No	Santalum paniculatum: Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). No viability lost after 2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Probably not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001) \| Santalum paniculatum var. pilgeri: Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Santalum&Species=paniculatum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=paniculatum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Santalum+paniculatum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=paniculatum
Santalum pyrularium	Santalaceae	Santalum pyrularium	No	No	Yes	No	Freeze-sensitive (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input				https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Santalum+pyrularium	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Santalum&ftrSpecies=pyrularium
Sapindus oahuensis	Sapindaceae	Sapindus oahuensis	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 58% viability in 2.6 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sapindus&Species=oahuensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sapindus&ftrSpecies=oahuensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Sapindus+oahuensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sapindus&ftrSpecies=oahuensis
Saraca indica	Fabaceae	Saraca indica	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Khare et al.,1989) Viability is lost within 30 days in hermetic storage at room temperature with 13±2% mc (Kaul, 1979).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Saraca&Species=indica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Saraca&ftrSpecies=indica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Saraca+indica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Saraca&ftrSpecies=indica
Sarcomphalus mistol	Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus mistol	No	No	No	Yes	Seeds viable (Varela & Bucher, 2006), but failed to germinate in the lab under several temperature regimes (C. Baskin pers. comm., 2020).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ziziphus&ftrSpecies=mistol	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Sarcomphalus+mistol	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sarcomphalus&ftrSpecies=mistol
Scadoxus membranaceus	Amaryllidaceae	Scadoxus membranaceus	No	Yes	No	No	MCS=66.3%, EMCS= 78.5%, LSMC =63% (Boyce, 1989; Grabe, 1989). EMCS= 78%, ELSMC=75%, 50% embryonic axes survive desiccation to 67% mc, and none survives further desiccation to 63% mc., viability maintained for 55days, but lost after 75 days in moist storage at 24-28 °C (Farrant et al. 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Scadoxus&Species=membranaceus&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Scadoxus&ftrSpecies=membranaceus
Scadoxus puniceus	Amaryllidaceae	Scadoxus puniceus	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Scadoxus&Species=puniceus&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Scadoxus&ftrSpecies=puniceus
Schenkia sebaeoides	Gentianaceae	Schenkia sebaeoides	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 63% viability in 10.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Schenkia&ftrSpecies=sebaeoides
Schiedea globosa	Caryophyllaceae	Schiedea globosa	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 18% viability in 5.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Schiedea&Species=globosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Schiedea&ftrSpecies=globosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Schiedea&ftrSpecies=globosa
Schoenoplectiella juncoides	Cyperaceae	Schoenoplectiella juncoides	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 39% viability in 11.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Schoenoplectiella&ftrSpecies=juncoides
Scrophularia macrantha	Scrophulariaceae	Scrophularia macrantha	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP; germination change 100 to 50%, 20 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Scrophularia&Species=macrantha&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Scrophularia&ftrSpecies=macrantha		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Scrophularia&ftrSpecies=macrantha
Sechium edule	Cucurbitaceae	Sechium edule	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 90% (SSLR) Seeds will germinate within the fruit whilst the seeds are comparatively underdeveloped and when they have a moisture content of more than 90%. These seeds are killed if they are dried. Viviparous germination can be prevented by partial dissection of the fruit and by imposing continuous white light at a high photon fluence rate at 16°-18°C, a technique which allows considerable further seed development to continue in the fruit for another 50-77 days during which time their moisture content declines from 90% to 50% roughly and dry weight increase markedly. However, these seeds are killed on drying to 10% mc (Ellis, 1982).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sechium&Species=edule&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sechium&ftrSpecies=edule
Senna gaudichaudii	Fabaceae	Senna gaudichaudii	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 64% viability in 10 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). 95% viability following drying to mc's in equilibrium with 15% RH and freezing for 80 days at -20C at RBG Kew, WP.	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Senna&Species=gaudichaudii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Senna&ftrSpecies=gaudichaudii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Senna+gaudichaudii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Senna&ftrSpecies=gaudichaudii
Sequoiadendron giganteum	Cupressaceae	Sequoiadendron giganteum	No	No	Yes	No	18% initial germination, viability reduced to 8% after 14 years hermetic storage with 6-10% mc (Boe, 1974b); viability maintained for many years in air-dry storage at low temperatures (Young &Young, 1992); 46% germination following 13 years hermetic air-dry storage at 5°C (Schubert, 1952); viability maintained for 14 years in hermetic storage at 5°C with 6-10% mc (Gordon, 1992). Maximum advisable storage c. 3 years at c.10% moisture content at -10ºC (Gosling, 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sequoiadendron&Species=giganteum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sequoiadendron&ftrSpecies=giganteum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Sequoiadendron+giganteum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sequoiadendron&ftrSpecies=giganteum
Sesbania tomentosa	Fabaceae	Sesbania tomentosa	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 64% viability in 15.8 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sesbania&Species=tomentosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sesbania&ftrSpecies=tomentosa		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sesbania&ftrSpecies=tomentosa
Shorea acuminata	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea acuminata	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Yap, 1981); LSMC= ca. 42% (Chin et al., 1984); 50% germination after 30 days moist storage at 25°C (Yap, 1981, 1986); 70% germination after 30 days moist storage at 21°C with38-43% mc (Sasaki, 1980). Chilling damage occurs at temperatures < or = 17°C (Sasaki, 1980), < 14°C (Yap, 1981, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=acuminata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=acuminata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+acuminata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=acuminata
Shorea almon	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea almon	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 40%, chilling damage occurs at 16C, moist storage at 21C with 40% mc recommended (Tompsett, 1985).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=almon&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=almon	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+almon	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=almon
Shorea amplexicaulis	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea amplexicaulis	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 40%, 30% germination after 168 days moist storage at 21C with 45% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=amplexicaulis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=amplexicaulis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+amplexicaulis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=amplexicaulis
Shorea argentifolia	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea argentifolia	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 35% (Yap, 1986), LSMC= 26% (Tompsett, 1992); 60% germination after 45 days moit storage at 21C with 39-46% mc (Sasaki, 1980). Chilling damage occurs at temperatures < or = 17C (Sasaki, 1980).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=argentifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=argentifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+argentifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=argentifolia
Shorea chinensis	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea chinensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Yan et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=chinensis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=chinensis
Shorea congestiflora	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea congestiflora	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= ca. 40%, 50% germination after 49 days moist storage at 21C with 39% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=congestiflora&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=congestiflora	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+congestiflora	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=congestiflora
Shorea fallax	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea fallax	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 38%, 50% germination after 50 days moist storage in sawdust as medium at 21C with 40% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=fallax&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=fallax	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+fallax	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=fallax
Shorea ferruginea	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea ferruginea	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 29%, 56% germination after 51 days moist storage at 21C with 25% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=ferruginea&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=ferruginea	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+ferruginea	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=ferruginea
Shorea gibbosa	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea gibbosa	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC >32% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=gibbosa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=gibbosa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+gibbosa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=gibbosa
Shorea lepidota	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea lepidota	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 27% (Yap, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=lepidota&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=lepidota	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+lepidota	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=lepidota
Shorea leprosula	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea leprosula	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 31.4% harvested in mid February (Tamari, 1976); MCS= 33% (Sasaki, 1980); 45% germination after 30 days moist storage at 21°C with 33% mc (Sasaki, 1980). Chilling damage occurs at temperatures below 15°C; for example, no seeds germinate after 4 hours moist storage at 4°C (Sasaki, 1980). Seeds are desiccation sensitive with minimum safe moisture contents of 32 % (Malaysia) and 21 % (Indonesia), mc at shedding = 42-50 % (Ouédraogo et al., 1999); viability lost when dried below 20 % mc (fresh seeds) and 30 % mc (in seeds tested 3 weeks after harvest), best conditions for storage up to 14 weeks were 42 % mc and 16ºC or 25ºC, but for storage beyond 14 weeks seeds dried to 32 % mc shopwed greater viability at both temperatures (IPGRI/DFSC, 1999). Comment: This species has been classified as recalcitrant (Hofmann & Steiner, 1989). Sasaki (1980) reported that mature seeds contain 31-33% mc when harvested from the trees, at which mc viability is 100%. If maturation drying occurs to this low level, this species may not show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour. More investigations are needed.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=leprosula&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=leprosula	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+leprosula	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=leprosula
Shorea leptoderma	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea leptoderma	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC >42% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=leptoderma&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=leptoderma	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+leptoderma	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=leptoderma
Shorea macrophylla	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea macrophylla	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= ca. 35% (Tompsett, 1992); RSS: moist, 25°C (Yap, 1981)	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=macrophylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=macrophylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+macrophylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=macrophylla
Shorea macroptera	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea macroptera	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 38% (Yap, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=macroptera&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=macroptera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+macroptera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=macroptera
Shorea obtusa	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea obtusa	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 33% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=obtusa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=obtusa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+obtusa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=obtusa
Shorea ovalis	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea ovalis	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 34.7% (Sasaki, 1980), LSMC= 27% (Yap, 1986); 87% germination after 92 days moist storage in aluminium foil at 21°C with 34-37% mc (Sasaki, 1980); chilling damage occurs at temperatures below 15°C (Sasaki, 1980). COMMENT: This species has been classified as recalcitrant (King & Roberts, 1979; Yap, 1986). Desiccation sensitivity reported by Sasaki (1980) was from desiccation of immature seeds; for example, viability was maintained 100% when immature seeds (mc not reported) were dried at 25°C to 49% mc, viability was reduced to 40% and 10% on desiccation to 28% and 13% mc, respectively (Sasaki, 1980), while mature seeds harvested from the tree on September had 34-35% mc with 100% viability (Sasaki, 1980). If maturation drying occurs to this low level, this species may not show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour. More investigations would be interesting.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=ovalis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=ovalis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+ovalis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=ovalis
Shorea pachyphylla	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea pachyphylla	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC >56% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=pachyphylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=pachyphylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+pachyphylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=pachyphylla
Shorea palosapis	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea palosapis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Dayan, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=palosapis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=palosapis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+palosapis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=palosapis
Shorea parvifolia	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea parvifolia	No	Yes	No	No	43% germination after 21 days moist storage at 21°C (Sasaki, 1980); viability maintained for 2 weeks at 15°C with half initial mc (Maury-Lechon et al., 1981); LSMC >32%, 40% germination after 57 days moist storage at 18°Cwith 35% mc (Tompsett, 1992); LSMC >23% (Yap, 1986). Comment: This species has been classified as recalcitrant (Yap, 1986; Tompsett, 1992). However, based on low seed mc of mature seeds harvested from the tree at mid February (MCS= 32%) at which viability is high (96%) (Tamari, 1976)), seeds of this species might possibly not show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour. Further investigations with mature seeds are needed.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=parvifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=parvifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+parvifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=parvifolia
Shorea platyclados	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea platyclados	No	No	Yes	No	This species can be classified into intermediate seed storage behaviour because of low seed mc at harvest and (MCS=37%) and desiccation tolerance (LSMC=11%). Since the species is adapted to high altitude, it is suggested that seeds can be safely stored at 10-15°C. More work is needed to determine optimum air-dry seed storage environments.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=platyclados&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=platyclados	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+platyclados	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=platyclados
Shorea robusta	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea robusta	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds cannot be stored (Dent, 1948); viability is lost within 2 weeks in open storage at room temperature (Campbell, 1980); EMCS= 55% (Nautiyal & Purohit, 1985b), MCS= 50.2% (Purohit et al., 1982), LSMC= 25%, ELSMC= 30% (Nautiyal & Purohit, 1985b), 10% germination on desiccation at 33°-36°C to 9.6% mc (Nautiyal & Purohit, 1985c); chilling damage occurs at 5°C, and storage temperatures of 13.5°C - 23.5°C are optimum for moist storage (Purohit et al., 1982); 25% germination after 60 days in air-tight storage with fresh seeds (Prasad & Jalil, 1987); LSMC= 40%, chilling damage occurs at 16°C, moist storage at 16°C with 40% mc (Tompsett, 1985), at 15°C with 30% mc (Khare et al., 1987) recommended. COMMENT: More investigations with mature fruits are needed. Based on ecological adaptation (savanna and dry hills) and small seeds, this species might be expected not to show recalcitrant seed storage behaviour. Furthermore, about 10% of seeds survive desiccation to 9.6% mc (Nautiyal & Purohit, 1985c). Although this species has been classified as recalcitrant, further studies would be worthwhile.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=robusta&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=robusta	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+robusta	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=robusta
Shorea roxburghii	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea roxburghii	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 40-45% (Sasaki, 1980) LSMC=35% (Tompsett, 1985), LSMC < 26% (Corbineau & Come, 1988, 1989) LSMC > 25% (Panochit et al,1986). No seeds remain viable when the mean moisture content is reduced to 17-20% (Sasaki,1980), to 14.5%mc (Corbineau & Come, 1988,1989). 50% germination after 9 months moist storage at 16°C with 40% mc (Tompsett, 1985); viability is reduced from 95% before storage to 69% after 6 months moist storage in polythene bag with aeration at 4°C and 41% mc (Sasaki, 1980); 90% germination after7.25 months moist storage at 21°C (Sasaki, 1980); no loss in viability after 8 weeks moist storage at 15°C with 35-40% mc (Panochit et al., 1986); 50% germination after 105 days moist storage at 23°C (Purohit et al., 1982). Chilling damage occurs at 8°C (Corbineau & Come, 1989) 5°C (Purohit et al., 1982), while Sasaki (1980) showed that seeds of this species, as classified in the White Meranti Group, tolerate 4°C for at least 6 months. Significant loss of viability when dried below 27 % mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 2001a).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=roxburghii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=roxburghii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+roxburghii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=roxburghii
Shorea selanica	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea selanica	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC >25% (Tompsett, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=selanica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=selanica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+selanica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=selanica
Shorea siamensis	Dipterocarpaceae	Pentacme siamensis	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 51% (Tompsett, 1992); 83% germination after 56 days moist storage at 15C with 40-48% mc (Panochit et al., 1984), 66% germination after 2 months moist storage with seeds at 16C with 51% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=siamensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=siamensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+siamensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=siamensis
Shorea singkawang	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea singkawang	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 55% (Yap, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=singkawang&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=singkawang	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+singkawang	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=singkawang
Shorea trapezifolia	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea trapezifolia	No	Yes	No	No	Viviparous germination, short-lived in wet or dry storage at 20C and 30 c (Zoysa & De-Zoysa, 1986) LSMC=37%, no loss in viability after 62 days moist storage in ventilated polythene bag at 21C with 50% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=trapezifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=trapezifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+trapezifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=trapezifolia
Shorea xanthophylla	Dipterocarpaceae	Shorea xanthophylla	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC >41% (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Shorea&Species=xanthophylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=xanthophylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Shorea+xanthophylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Shorea&ftrSpecies=xanthophylla
Sicyos pachycarpus	Cucurbitaceae	Sicyos pachycarpus	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 85% viability in 5.6 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sicyos&ftrSpecies=pachycarpus		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sicyos&ftrSpecies=pachycarpus
Sicyos waimanaloensis	Cucurbitaceae	Sicyos waimanaloensis	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are likely orthodox (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 66% viability in 2.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sicyos&Species=waimanaloensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sicyos&ftrSpecies=waimanaloensis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sicyos&ftrSpecies=waimanaloensis
Sideroxylon polynesicum	Sapotaceae	Sideroxylon polynesicum	No	No	Yes	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant or short-lived (Chau, 2016). Lost 38% viability in 0.9 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input				https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Sideroxylon+polynesicum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sideroxylon&ftrSpecies=polynesicum
Silene multicaulis	Caryophyllaceae	Silene multicaulis	No	No	Yes	No	Long-term storage under IPGRI preferred conditions at RBG Kew, WP. Germination change 100 to 20%, 21 years, 1 collection	Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Silene&Species=multicaulis&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Silene&ftrSpecies=multicaulis
Simarouba amara	Simaroubaceae	Simarouba amara	No	No	Yes	No	100% germination with fresh seeds (40% mc), about 63% germination when desiccated to about 9% mc and no seeds survived desiccation to about 7.8%mc, chilling damage occurred at 15C during storage (Corbineau & Come, 1989). Comment: Corbineau & Come (1989) classified this species as recalcitrant.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Simarouba&Species=amara&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Simarouba&ftrSpecies=amara	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Simarouba+amara	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Simarouba&ftrSpecies=amara
Smallanthus uvedalia	Asteraceae	Smallanthus uvedalia	No	No	No	Yes	Failed to germinate in the lab under several temperature regimes (C. Baskin pers. comm., 2020).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Smallanthus&ftrSpecies=uvedalia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Smallanthus&ftrSpecies=uvedalia
Sophora chrysophylla	Fabaceae	Sophora chrysophylla	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are orthodox; long-lived (Helm Wallace, 2015). High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 95% viability in 15.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). No loss in viability after 4 years storage at 10C, 15C with 30% at 75% r.h. (Akamine, 1951). Seeds described as orthodox by Yoshinaga (2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sophora&Species=chrysophylla&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Sophora&ftrSpecies=chrysophylla	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Sophora+chrysophylla	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sophora&ftrSpecies=chrysophylla
Sophronitis coccinea	Orchidaceae	Cattleya coccinea	No	No	Yes	No	<50% germination after 3 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Sophronitis&Species=coccinea&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Sophronitis&ftrSpecies=coccinea
Spartina anglica	Poaceae	Spartina anglica	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 41%, ELSMC= 50-55% (Probert & Longley, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Spartina&Species=anglica&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Spartina&ftrSpecies=anglica
Staberoha distachyos	Restionaceae	Staberoha distachyos	No	No	No	Yes	Germination of 33% after 3 months when treated with 120oC for 3 min (Musil & de Witt, 1991).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Staberoha&ftrSpecies=distachyos
Stanhopea bucephalus	Orchidaceae	Stanhopea oculata	No	No	Yes	No	<75% germination after 7 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Stanhopea&Species=bucephalus&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Stanhopea&ftrSpecies=bucephalus
Stanhopea tigrina	Orchidaceae	Stanhopea tigrina	No	No	Yes	No	<20% germination after 7 months hermetic storage at -10C (Bowling & Thompson, 1972; cited by Pritchard & Seaton, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Stanhopea&Species=tigrina&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Stanhopea&ftrSpecies=tigrina		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Stanhopea&ftrSpecies=tigrina
Stemonoporus canaliculatus	Dipterocarpaceae	Stemonoporus canaliculatus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 43%, 20% germination after 77 days moist storage at between 18 and 21C with 47% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Stemonoporus&Species=canaliculatus&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Stemonoporus&ftrSpecies=canaliculatus	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Stemonoporus+canaliculatus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Stemonoporus&ftrSpecies=canaliculatus
Strongylodon ruber	Fabaceae	Strongylodon ruber	Yes	No	No	No	Produces few or no seeds because of decline in pollinator populations (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Strongylodon&ftrSpecies=ruber		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Strongylodon&ftrSpecies=ruber
Strumaria discifera	Amaryllidaceae	Strumaria discifera	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Sershen et al., 2008).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Strumaria&Species=discifera&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Strumaria&ftrSpecies=discifera
Swartzia simplex	Fabaceae	Swartzia simplex	No	Yes	No	No	Swartzia simplex var. ochnacea: Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Swartzia&Species=simplex&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Swartzia&ftrSpecies=simplex	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Swartzia+simplex	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Swartzia&ftrSpecies=simplex
Symphonia globulifera	Clusiaceae	Symphonia globulifera	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 37.5-66%, no seeds survive desiccation to 30% mc, no loss in viability following 12 months moist storage at 15°C, temperatures below 12°C are damaging (Corbineau & Côme, 1988, 1989); MCS= 55%, LSMC= 50%, no seeds survived desiccation to 30% mc (Corbineau & Côme, 1988) germinating seeds (i.e., youngseedlings) can be stored for 1 year in moist medium at 15°C (Maury-Lechon et al., 1980; Corbineau & Côme, 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Symphonia&Species=globulifera&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Symphonia&ftrSpecies=globulifera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Symphonia+globulifera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Symphonia&ftrSpecies=globulifera
Synechanthus warscewiczianus	Arecaceae	Synechanthus warscewiczianus	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying over silica gel (Wood, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Synechanthus&Species=warscewiczianus&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Synechanthus+warscewiczianus	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Synechanthus&ftrSpecies=warscewiczianus
Syzygium cinereum	Myrtaceae	Syzygium cinereum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Ellis et al., 2007).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Syzygium&Species=cinereum&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=cinereum
Syzygium cordatum	Myrtaceae	Syzygium cordatum	No	Yes	No	No	EMCS= 60.8%, MCS= 46%, LSMC 43.5% for slow drying, LSMC= 31.5% for rapid drying (Grabe, 1989).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Syzygium&Species=cordatum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=cordatum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Syzygium+cordatum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=cordatum
Syzygium cumini	Myrtaceae	Syzygium cumini	No	Yes	No	No	Viability lost within 2 weeks open storage at room temperature (Kandya, 1987). Recalcitrant (Mittal et al., 1999a). Seeds are desiccation sensitive, minimum safe mc = 45 % (Ouédraogo et al., 1999); embryonic axes are sensitive to drying below 63 % mc (58 % germination at 50 % mc, 14 % at 21 % mc, zero viability at <10 % mc), hydrated seeds can be stored at 16ºC for 3 months (IPGRI/DFSC, 1999); MCS=46 %, no reduction in germination when dried to 40.1 % mc, but marked loss of viability when dried to 29.8 % mc and zero viability below 19.6 % mc. Viability of undried seeds maintained for up to 12 weeks at 16ºC (IPGRI/DFSC, 1998); Short-lived (Dent, 1948); viability lost within 1 month in hermetic storage at room temperature with 13±2% mc (Kaul, 1979); within 3 months in open storage at room temperature (Campbell, 1980);seeds lose viability quickly (Verheij & Coronel, 1991); viability can be maintained for 2-6 months with partially dried seeds at 5°C (Riley, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Syzygium&Species=cumini&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=cumini	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Syzygium+cumini	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=cumini
Syzygium guineense	Myrtaceae	Syzygium guineense	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Msanga, pers. com.); seeds are desiccation sensitive (Albrecht, 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Syzygium&Species=guineense&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=guineense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Syzygium+guineense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=guineense
Syzygium maire	Myrtaceae	Syzygium maire	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Fountain & Outred, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Syzygium&Species=maire&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Syzygium+maire	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=maire
Syzygium paniculatum	Myrtaceae	Syzygium paniculatum	No	Yes	No	No	EMCS= 64.3%, MCS= 50.5%, LSMC= 52.4% for slow drying (Grabe, 1989); viability can be maintained for 2-6 months with partially dried seeds at 5°C (Riley, 1981); seeds are sensitive to desiccation with 70 % germination at 49 % mc, 6 % germination at 43 % mc and total loss of viability below 29 % mc (Gunn et al, 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Syzygium&Species=paniculatum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=paniculatum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Syzygium+paniculatum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=paniculatum
Syzygium sandwicense	Myrtaceae	Syzygium sandwicense	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant; able to germinate TC but persistence in culture unknown (Helm Wallace, 2015). Low storage potential; recalcitrant; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=sandwicense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Syzygium+sandwicense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Syzygium&ftrSpecies=sandwicense
Tapirira guianensis	Anacardiaceae	Tapirira guianensis	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Tapirira&Species=guianensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Tapirira&ftrSpecies=guianensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Tapirira+guianensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Tapirira&ftrSpecies=guianensis
Telfairia occidentalis	Cucurbitaceae	Telfairia occidentalis	No	Yes	No	No	MCS 76%, LSMC = 40-60% (Akoroda, 1985).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Telfairia&Species=occidentalis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Telfairia&ftrSpecies=occidentalis		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Telfairia&ftrSpecies=occidentalis
Tetramolopium rockii	Asteraceae	Tetramolopium rockii	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 77% viability in 15.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, pers. com.).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Tetramolopium&Species=rockii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Tetramolopium&ftrSpecies=rockii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Tetramolopium&ftrSpecies=rockii
Tetraplasandra oahuensis	Araliaceae	Polyscias oahuensis	Yes	No	Yes	No	Short-lived in conventional storage; likely desiccation-tolerant but very low germination; not many seeds; maybe low viability; cryo most likely option? (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Tetraplasandra&ftrSpecies=oahuensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Tetraplasandra+oahuensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Tetraplasandra&ftrSpecies=oahuensis
Thalassodendron ciliatum	Cymodoceaceae	Thalassodendron ciliatum	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Thalassodendron&Species=ciliatum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Thalassodendron&ftrSpecies=ciliatum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Thalassodendron&ftrSpecies=ciliatum
Thalassodendron pachyrhizum	Cymodoceaceae	Thalassodendron pachyrhizum	No	Yes	No	No	The species is viviparous (Hemminga and Duarte, 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Thalassodendron&Species=pachyrhizum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Thalassodendron&ftrSpecies=pachyrhizum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Thalassodendron&ftrSpecies=pachyrhizum
Theobroma cacao	Malvaceae	Theobroma cacao	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 43% (Chin et al., 1984) Storage temperatures between 4°C and 15°C are damaging to seed viability and germination (Barton, 1965; Boroughs & Hunter, 1961, 1963; Mumford & Brett, 1982; Hor et al., 1984); optimum storage temperature appears to be 17°C (Hor et al., 1984). Seeds tolerate desiccation to 25% mc when dried at 20°C, while only about 40-60% survival to this mc when dried at 10°C, seeds stored in pods at 5°C or 10°C are killed within 2 days, and 100% survival when stored in pods at temperatures of 15°C to 30°C for 3 weeks (Barton, 1965). Viability is reduced from 92% to 18% on desiccation from 45% to 36.7% mc, no seeds survive desiccation to 26% mc, 24% germination after 8 months sub-imbibed storage (41-42% mc) at 98% r.h. and 20°C, with Thiram fungicide (King & Roberts, 1982). Similarly, no seeds survive desiccation to below 20% mc, no fresh seeds survive in storage at 4°C or 15°C (Mumford & Brett, 1982). Embryonic axis are killed on desiccation to 17% mc (Mumford & Brett, 1982). LSMC= 27%, 67% germination after 70 days storage at 17°C to 30°C with 33-35% mc (Hor et al., 1984). 93% germination after 7 months moist storage in flask with 40% methyl cellulose gels at 25°C (Figueiredo, 1986).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Theobroma&Species=cacao&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Theobroma+cacao	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Theobroma&ftrSpecies=cacao
Theobroma grandiflorum	Malvaceae	Theobroma grandiflorum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (De Jr. Lima et al., 2014).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Theobroma&Species=grandiflorum&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Theobroma+grandiflorum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Theobroma&ftrSpecies=grandiflorum
Thrinax morrisii	Arecaceae	Leucothrinax morrisii	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds tolerate desiccation to 7% mc, further desiccation to 5% and 2% reduces viability to 34% and 23%, respectively, no loss in viability occurs after 21 days subsequent storage at 5°C and -10°C,but viability is reduced at -20°C (Carpenter & Gilman, 1988).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Thrinax&Species=morrisii&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Thrinax&ftrSpecies=morrisii	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Thrinax+morrisii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Thrinax&ftrSpecies=morrisii
Touchardia latifolia	Urticaceae	Touchardia latifolia	No	No	Yes	No	Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 50% viability in 17.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Touchardia&Species=latifolia&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Touchardia&ftrSpecies=latifolia		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Touchardia&ftrSpecies=latifolia
Trematolobelia grandifolia	Campanulaceae	Trematolobelia grandifolia	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 50% viability in 12.4 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trematolobelia&ftrSpecies=grandifolia	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Trematolobelia+grandifolia	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trematolobelia&ftrSpecies=grandifolia
Tribulus cistoides	Zygophyllaceae	Tribulus cistoides	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 30% viability in 2.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Tribulus&ftrSpecies=cistoides
Trichilia dregeana	Meliaceae	Trichilia dregeana	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 30%, about 10% survive desiccation to 15% mc (drying at 25°C for 20 days), viability is completely lost during 21 days open storage at 25°C and 40% r.h., whiles viability maintained for 5weeks in moist storage at 2°C and 15°C (Choinski, 1990); no excised embryonic axes survived desiccation to 22.5% mc, however embryonic axes which had been pre-treated with sucrose survived desiccation to 14% mc and subsequent cryostorage in liquid nitrogen (Dumet & Berjak, 1995).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Trichilia&Species=dregeana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=dregeana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Trichilia+dregeana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=dregeana
Trichilia emetica	Meliaceae	Trichilia emetica	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Msanga, pers. com.); seeds are sensitive to desiccation, and cannot be stored because they lose viability within a short time (Albrecht, 1993). Viability decreases when embryo mc is reduced to approximately 60 % (initial mc = 68 %; Ouédraogo et al., 1999); viability of naked embryos decreases on drying (80 % germination at 61 % mc, 67 % at 54 % mc, 12 % at 23 % mc; IPGRI/DFSC, 1999).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Trichilia&Species=emetica&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=emetica	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Trichilia+emetica	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=emetica
Trichilia megalantha	Meliaceae	Trichilia megalantha	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 32%, 87% germination after 221 days moist storage at 18C with 42% mc in ventilated polythene bags maintained at 99% r.h. (Tompsett, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Trichilia&Species=megalantha&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=megalantha	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Trichilia+megalantha	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=megalantha
Trichilia monadelpha	Meliaceae	Trichilia monadelpha	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 38%, 50% germination after 120 days moist storage at 18C with 38% mc in ventilated polythene bags maintained at 99% r.h. (Tompsett, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Trichilia&Species=monadelpha&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=monadelpha	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Trichilia+monadelpha	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=monadelpha
Trichilia prieureana	Meliaceae	Trichilia prieuriana	No	Yes	No	No	LSMC= 38%, 50% germination after 106 days moist storage at 18C with 47% mc in ventilated polythene bags maintained at 99% r.h. (Tompsett, 1994).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Trichilia&Species=prieureana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=prieureana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Trichilia+prieureana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=prieureana
Trichilia tuberculata	Meliaceae	Trichilia tuberculata	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds killed by drying to < 15% mc (Daws, 2005).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Trichilia&Species=tuberculata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=tuberculata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Trichilia+tuberculata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trichilia&ftrSpecies=tuberculata
Trichostema bracheatum	Lamiaceae	Trichostema brachiatum	No	No	No	Yes	Very hard to germinate in the lab, may take several years (C. Baskin pers. comm., 2020).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trichostema&ftrSpecies=brachiatum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trichostema&ftrSpecies=bracheatum
Trillium tennesseense	Melanthiaceae	Trillium lancifolium	Yes	No	No	No	Small populations and therefore small seed set (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Trillium&ftrSpecies=tennesseense		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Trillium&ftrSpecies=tennesseense
Triplaris cumingiana	Polygonaceae	Triplaris cumingiana	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Triplaris&Species=cumingiana&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Triplaris&ftrSpecies=cumingiana	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Triplaris+cumingiana	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Triplaris&ftrSpecies=cumingiana
Urera glabra	Urticaceae	Urera glabra	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation-tolerant but sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 26% viability in 5.3 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, pers. com.).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Urera&Species=glabra&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Urera&ftrSpecies=glabra	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Urera+glabra	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Urera&ftrSpecies=glabra
Urera kaalae	Urticaceae	Urera kaalae	No	No	Yes	No	Seeds are desiccation tolerant but likely sensitive to freezing (Helm Wallace, 2015). Moderate storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 76% viability in 10.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Urera&Species=kaalae&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Urera&ftrSpecies=kaalae	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Urera+kaalae	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Urera&ftrSpecies=kaalae
Vaccinium dentatum	Ericaceae	Vaccinium dentatum	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 84% viability in 5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Vaccinium&ftrSpecies=dentatum		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Vaccinium&ftrSpecies=dentatum
Vatica mangachapoi	Dipterocarpaceae	Vatica mangachapoi	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC >31% (Song et al., 1983),LSMC > or = 34% (Tompsett, 1992); 24% germination after 85 days moist storage in perlite medium at 21C with 40-45% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Vatica&Species=mangachapoi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Vatica&ftrSpecies=mangachapoi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Vatica+mangachapoi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Vatica&ftrSpecies=mangachapoi
Vatica odorata	Dipterocarpaceae	Vatica odorata	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, LSMC= 41%; 38% germination after 100 days moist storage at 18C with 99% r.h. or 40% mc (Tompsett, 1992).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Vatica&Species=odorata&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Vatica+odorata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Vatica&ftrSpecies=odorata
Vatica umbonata	Dipterocarpaceae	Vatica umbonata	No	Yes	No	No	Seeds are sensitive to desiccation (Mahdi, 1987); 10-15% germination after 2 months moist storage at 10-15C (Mori, 1979); 20% germination after 2 months moist storage at 14C, while 8C is damaging (Yap, 1981).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Vatica&Species=umbonata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Vatica&ftrSpecies=umbonata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Vatica+umbonata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Vatica&ftrSpecies=umbonata
Vicia menziesii	Fabaceae	Vicia menziesii	Yes	No	No	No	Produces poor quality or non-viable seeds because of inbreeding depression (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Vicia&ftrSpecies=menziesii		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Vicia&ftrSpecies=menziesii
Vigna o-wahuensis	Fabaceae	Vigna o-wahuensis	No	No	Yes	No	High storage potential (Chau, 2016). Lost 45% viability in 10.1 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Vigna&ftrSpecies=o-wahuensis
Virola carinata	Myristicaceae	Virola carinata	No	Yes	No	No	No seeds survive desiccation to 27% mc (Trivino et et., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Virola&Species=carinata&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=carinata	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Virola+carinata	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=carinata
Virola koschnyi	Myristicaceae	Virola koschnyi	No	Yes	No	No	MCS= 29-35% (Gonzalez, 1991) Seeds are sensitive to desiccation, and must be stored at > 20% mc (Gonzalez, 1991; Gonzalez & Gonzalez, 1991).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Virola&Species=koschnyi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=koschnyi	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Virola+koschnyi	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=koschnyi
Virola reidii	Myristicaceae	Virola reidii	No	Yes	No	No	No seeds survive desiccation to 26.7% mc (Trivino et et., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Virola&Species=reidii&StorBehav=0		https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Virola+reidii	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=reidii
Virola sebifera	Myristicaceae	Virola sebifera	No	Yes	No	No	No seeds survive desiccation to 26.7% mc (Trivino et et., 1990).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Virola&Species=sebifera&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=sebifera	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Virola+sebifera	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=sebifera
Virola surinamensis	Myristicaceae	Virola surinamensis	No	No	Yes	No	MCS= 26.5% (Cunha et al., 1995a); seeds with red aril. No loss in viability on desiccation (drying at 50°C for 2 hours) to 18% mc for one lot, 56% germination on desiccation (drying at 50°C for 1 hour) to 20% mc for another seed lot (Cunha et al., 1989, 1992). 29% germination with fresh seeds (26.5%mc), 23% and 4% germination on desiccation (at 15% r.h. and 24°C) to 11.7% and 5.4% mc respectively, and no seeds survived desiccation to 29% mc; no seeds at 5.4-26.5% mc survived 3 days in subsequent storage with 5°C or -20°C ( Cunha et al., 1995a) Comment: Cunha et al( 1995a, 1995b) used the term "recalcitrant" to classify this species.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Virola&Species=surinamensis&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=surinamensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Virola+surinamensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Virola&ftrSpecies=surinamensis
Vitellaria paradoxa	Sapotaceae	Vitellaria paradoxa	No	Yes	No	No	Vitellaria paradoxa: Recalcitrant (Ng et al., 1993); viability lost within 1 month (Kamra, 1990). Initial mc = 41 %; seeds are recalcitrant, minimum safe mc is approximately 30 % mc (Ouédraogo et al., 1999); MCS=42.87 % (+/-1.8); seeds survive drying to 37 % mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 2001b); storage of hydrated seeds at 16ºC is possible for 3 months, but seeds appear chilling sensitive at 6ºC, seeds survive drying to 32 % and 28 % mc, but viability is lower than at 50 % mc (IPGRI/DFSC, 1999) \| Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. paradoxa: Rapid loss in viability below 22 % mc, with no seeds remaining viable when mc is further reduced to 18 %. Few undried seeds survive beyond 90 days at 30°C, although 14 % survive beyond 120 days at 15°C. When stored at 5°C and -5°C, death occurs within 5 days (Danthu et al., 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Vitellaria&Species=paradoxa&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Vitellaria&ftrSpecies=paradoxa	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Vitellaria+paradoxa	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Vitellaria&ftrSpecies=paradoxa
Warburgia salutaris	Canellaceae	Warburgia salutaris	No	No	Yes	No	(The fruit is a berry containing about 5 seeds in a pulpy medium). This species is classified as recalcitrant (Albrecht, 1993), however viability can be maintained for 6 months at cool temperatures with dry seeds (Shehaghilo, pers. com.), storability is intermediate between orthodox and recalcitrant (Msanga, per. com.). For short term, seeds can be stored in moist saw-dust at 3°C (Albrecht, 1993). Seeds tolerate drying to 7-16 % mc (Ouédraogo et al., 1999); survival in conventional storage appears to be short-term (IPGRI/DFSC, 2001b), but rapidly dried seeds can be successfully cryo-preserved (Kioko et al., 2000). Comment: Based on fruit structure (many seeded berry), seed size (TSW= 100g)and natural habitats (from dry savannas of Southern Africa to lowland rainforests of E. Africa) seeds of this species may not be recalcitrant. More investigations are needed.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate?	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Warburgia&Species=salutaris&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Warburgia&ftrSpecies=salutaris	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Warburgia+salutaris	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Warburgia&ftrSpecies=salutaris
Wasabia japonica	Brassicaceae	Eutrema japonicum	No	No	Yes	No	The flowering racemes are indeterminate and may exceed a metre in length, the lower seed pods dehisce, pods never dry out naturally, and at the time of release seeds are slightly sticky and tend to adhere to leaves and have a high mc (Palmer, 1990). Seeds are safely dried at 5°C to 11% mc, whereas only 2.7% germinate when dried at room temperature to 10% mc, and none survive drying to 6% mc at any drying temperature (Nakamura, 1989; Nakamura & Sathiyamoorthy, 1990); viability of seeds at 10-20% mc is lost within 2-3 weeks at room temperature and within 2 months at 5°C, but 1 year in liquid nitrogen (Nakamura & Sathiyamoorthy, 1990); seeds at 12% mc treated with cryoprotectant (PEG 6000 10% + glycerin 8% + DMSO 25-45%) can be stored safely in liquid nitrogen; a little loss in viability (ca. 20%) occurs following 1 year in liquid nitrogen (Nakamura & Sathiyamoothy, 1990); a little loss in viability occurs following 10 months moist storage in PEG solution at -1.8 MPa at 5°C, or in PEG 30% + Pachrobutrazol 0.01ppm (Nakamura & Sathiyamoothy, 1990). Viability is also maintained following 10 months when seeds are stored moist at 5°C with aeration after pretreatment with CGR-811 at 6.25-25ppm for 1-6 hours, Uniconazol at 0.125-25ppm for 1-6 hours, Ancymidol at 6.25-25ppm for 1-6 hours, Pachrobutrazol at 1-4ppm for 1-6 hours, CCC at 0.25-1% for 1-6 hours (Nakamura & Sathiyamoothy, 1990). 30% germination after 30-50 days open storage at room temperature (Palmer, 1990) Comment: Nakamura (1989) and Nakamura & Sathiyamoorthy (1990) used the term recalcitrant to classify this species.	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Wasabia&Species=japonica&StorBehav=0			https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Wasabia&ftrSpecies=japonica
Wikstroemia oahuensis	Thymelaeaceae	Wikstroemia oahuensis	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 70% viability in 0.5 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Wikstroemia&ftrSpecies=oahuensis	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Wikstroemia+oahuensis	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Wikstroemia&ftrSpecies=oahuensis
Wikstroemia uva-ursi	Thymelaeaceae	Wikstroemia uva-ursi	No	No	Yes	No	Lost 72% viability in 15.2 years of conventional storage (Chau et al., 2019). Orthodox (Yoshinaga, 2004, CCRT, NCGRP).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Orthodox	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Wikstroemia&Species=uva-ursi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Wikstroemia&ftrSpecies=uva-ursi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Wikstroemia&ftrSpecies=uva-ursi
Wilkesia hobdyi	Asteraceae	Wilkesia hobdyi	Yes	No	No	No	Single island endemic, seeds not easily accessible by humans (Helm Wallace, 2015). Not recalcitrant (Yoshinaga, 2001).	Literature review and/or expert input; Seed Information Database (SID)	Uncertain	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Wilkesia&Species=hobdyi&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Wilkesia&ftrSpecies=hobdyi		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Wilkesia&ftrSpecies=hobdyi
Xylocarpus granatum	Meliaceae	Xylocarpus granatum	No	Yes	No	No	Recalcitrant (Anon., 1993).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Xylocarpus&Species=granatum&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Xylocarpus&ftrSpecies=granatum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Xylocarpus+granatum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Xylocarpus&ftrSpecies=granatum
Xylosma hawaiiense	Putranjivaceae	Drypetes sherffii	No	Yes	No	No	Low storage potential; recalcitrant or short-lived; target for further research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input					https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Xylosma&ftrSpecies=hawaiiense
Zanthoxylum dipetalum	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum dipetalum	Yes	No	No	No	Zanthoxylum dipetalum: Very low germination and difficult to collect seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015) \| Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. dipetalum: Very low germination and difficult to collect seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016) \| Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum: Very low germination and difficult to collect seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=dipetalum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Zanthoxylum+dipetalum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=dipetalum
Zanthoxylum hawaiiense	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum hawaiiense	Yes	No	No	No	Very low germination and difficult to collect seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; low viability; tested at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory, results unpublished (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=hawaiiense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Zanthoxylum+hawaiiense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=hawaiiense
Zanthoxylum kauaense	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum kauaense	Yes	No	No	No	Very low germination and difficult to collect seeds (Helm Wallace, 2015). Unknown storage potential; target for research at Lyon Arboretum Seed Conservation Laboratory (Chau, 2016).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=kauaense	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Zanthoxylum+kauaense	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=kauaense
Zanthoxylum parvum	Rutaceae	Zanthoxylum americanum	Yes	No	No	No	No flowers or fruit in some populations (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=parvum	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Zanthoxylum+parvum	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Zanthoxylum&ftrSpecies=parvum
Zelkova sicula	Ulmaceae	Zelkova sicula	Yes	No	No	No	Produces no fertile seed, reproduces vegetatively (Gratzfeld et al., 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Zelkova&ftrSpecies=sicula	https://www.bgci.org/resources/bgci-databases/globaltree-portal/species-search/?species=Zelkova+sicula	https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Zelkova&ftrSpecies=sicula
Zizania palustris	Poaceae	Zizania palustris	No	No	Yes	No	This species has been reported to lose viability when stored dry (eg., Duvel, 1906; Muenscher, 1936) or when desiccated at 15°C, for example, ELSMC= 45-50% or at a water potential of -2, -3 MPa and no excised embryos survived further desiccation to 10% mc or -60 MPa (Probert & Brierley, 1989; Probert & Longley, 1989). Earlier classification as recalcitrant may relate to its pronounced dormancy (Ellis et al,, 1985b; Kovach and Bradford, 1992a) or the desiccation sensitivity of seeds when dried at temperatures <25°C (Kovach & Bradford, 1992b) or through the use of immature seeds (Vertucci et al., 1995). However, wild rice seeds survived desiccation to seed and embryonic axis moisture contents as low as 6-8% if dehydration occurred at temperatures >25°C (Kovach & Bradford, 1992b), or between 40°C and 70°C (Huang, 1978). Seeds tolerated desiccation to 9-10% embryo mc, but no embryos survived desiccation below 5% mc (Still et al., 1994). The properties of water (i.e., the freezing and melting behaviour of water in embryos at different water contents determined by differential scanning calorimetry methods) in embryos changed during seed development and maturation and were similar to those of water in embryos of desiccation-tolerant seeds, but the seeds never achieved the orthodox condition and were analogous to that of seeds with intermediate seed storage behaviour (Vertucci et al., 1994b). No loss in viability was observed with seeds dried to 11.5% mc at 22°C and subsequently stored at -2°C or 2°C for 6 months (Oelke & Stanwood, 1988), but only 50% of seeds survived further drying to 9% mc and 9 months subsequent storage at 3°C (Oelke et al., 1990). A loss in viability of about 11-15% was observed after 15-16 months storage at -18°C with 5.4-6.8% mc for embryonic axes (Berjak et al., 1994). Embryos from mature seeds survived 2 hours' exposure to temperatures as low as -50°C while those from immature seeds survived only to -18°C and long-term preservation is said to be possible at -20°C provided optimum embryo moisture contents are determined in relation to the maturity status of the embryos (Vertucci et al., 1995). Note that some of the results summarised above are for seeds first stored in water (see Part I, Section 6.4).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Intermediate	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Zizania&Species=palustris&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Zizania&ftrSpecies=palustris		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Zizania&ftrSpecies=palustris
Ziziphus celata	Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus celata	Yes	No	No	No	Very few seeds from some individuals; seeds not produced in the wild, but many thousands produced each year in the collection at BTG; seed viability is good, and seed storage regimes have been worked out; contact Archbold Biological Station, who heads up Ziziphus work (Helm Wallace, 2015).	Literature review and/or expert input			https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Ziziphus&ftrSpecies=celata		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Ziziphus&ftrSpecies=celata
Zostera marina	Zosteraceae	Zostera marina	No	Yes	No	No	Described as recalcitrant by (Hay et al., 2000).	Seed Information Database (SID)	Recalcitrant	https://data.kew.org/sid/SidServlet?Clade=&Order=&Family=&APG=off&Genus=Zostera&Species=marina&StorBehav=0	https://tools.bgci.org/threat_search.php?action=Find&ftrFamily=&ftrGenus=Zostera&ftrSpecies=marina		https://tools.bgci.org/plant_search.php?action=Find&lang=eng&ftrGenus=Zostera&ftrSpecies=marina

Defining exceptional plants and how we got there

Valerie C. Pence is the Director of Plant Research at the Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW) at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden. Her work focuses on applying in vitro methods and cryobiotechnologies to the conservation of exceptional species. Her research has included developing protocols for the cryo-conservation of shoot tips, embryos, gametophytes, spores, seeds, and pollen of species from across the U.S., many critically endangered.

Issues in collection of clonal tissues

Issues in collection of clonal tissues for ex situ conservation by Megan Philpott

Megan Philpott is a postdoctoral researcher at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden’s Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife (CREW). Her primary research focus is on the development of cryopreservation protocols for endangered exceptional Hawaiian species in collaboration with the Lyon Arboretum at the University of Hawai’i. Her research also explores issues in genetic diversity and population genetics of ex situ collections of exceptional species. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Cincinnati in 2018 under the joint mentorship of Drs. Valerie Pence and Theresa Culley.

Global Conservation Consortia

Botanic Gardens Conservation International’s Global Conservation Consortia by Dan Crowley

Dan Crowley is BGCI’s Global Conservation Consortia (GCC)Manager, supporting the work of BGCI’s suite of GCC, hosted by Westonbirt, The National Arboretum, UK. He also coordinates the GCC for Acer on behalf of the University of British Columbia Botanical Garden. A member of the IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group, he co-authored The Red List of Acer: revised and extended, published in 2020, and studies Acer species in the wild and in cultivation. Prior to joining BGCI in July 2019, Dan completed an MSc in Plant Diversity at the University of Reading. He worked at Westonbirt Arboretum as Dendrologist from 2013-2018.

Using a Global List of Exceptional Plant Species

Using a Global List of Exceptional Plant Species to Inform Strategic Conservation Action by Emily Beckman Bruns

As a researcher at The Morton Arboretum and Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) U.S., Emily Beckman Bruns contributes to and leads projects that prioritize plant species for conservation and identifies specific measures needed to achieve these goals. Emily’s work reflects her professional interest in informing strategic, cross-sector collaboration toward the conservation of at-risk plant species and ecosystems, especially the important role of botanical gardens in the long-term preservation of plant diversity globally. Emily is interested in addressing these challenges by developing and applying methods for gathering and analyzing biodiversity data, with a focus on automated, reproducible workflows. She is also passionate about the effective and targeted communication of key data through innovative visual means such as interactive maps.

Collaboration for Conservation

Collaboration for Conservation of Exceptional Plants by Megan Philpott & Valerie Pence

Conserving genetic diversity

Conserving genetic diversity ex situ-how much do we need? by Sean Hoban

Sean is The Morton Arboretum’s Tree Conservation Biologist. His lab group works to understand, document, and address threats to species-their goal is to provide the knowledge needed to support conservation action. His team studies adaptation and resilience, establishes data-driven guidance, tests novel methods, and translates science to policy and stakeholders. Sean has published more than 50 scientific research articles. He has planned and led workshops for the Society for Conservation Biology, the IUCN, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and numerous agencies throughout the European Union. Sean is a member of the IUCN Global Tree Specialist Group and Conservation Genetics Specialist Group, an Editor for the journal Conservation Genetics, and a leading member of working groups in the IUCN, SCB, and GEO BON. Before coming to the Arboretum, Sean was a postdoctoral researcher in France and Italy, and a fellow at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis in Knoxville, Tennessee. Sean received a PhD in Biology from The University of Notre Dame, under forest genetics researcher Jeanne Romero-Severson, PhD. He holds affiliate positions at The Field Museum, the University of Chicago, and the College of Charleston.