Tomoyuki Komai Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan

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1 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Supplement No. 23: Date of Publication: 31 Oct.2010 National University of Singapore ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF ANOMURAN DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE WORLD (EXCLUSIVE OF THE KIWAOIDEA AND FAMILIES CHIROSTYLIDAE AND GALATHEIDAE OF THE GALATHEOIDEA) PART I LITHODOIDEA, LOMISOIDEA AND PAGUROIDEA Patsy A. McLaughlin Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, 1900 Shannon Point Road, Anacortes, WA , USA hermit@fi dalgo.net Tomoyuki Komai Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan komai@chiba-muse.or.jp Rafael Lemaitre Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland 20746, USA lemaitrr@si.edu Dwi Listyo Rahayu UPT Mataram, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Teluk Kodek, Pemenang, Lombok Barat 83352, NTB, Indonesia dwilistyo@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION The preamble to the Systema Brachyurorum (Ng et al., 2008), the catalysis for this and similar annotated checklists, began with the readers attentions directed to previous catalogues that had contributed substantially to the associations of scientific names with the brachyuran crabs they represented. Among the paguroid Anomura MacLeay 1838, two publications similarly have been indispensible. Alcock s (1905b) catalog provided not only information on the holdings in the Indian Museum, but a listing of all species known at the time; Gordan s (1956) bibliography of paguroids since Alcock s publication made available to the scientific community a thorough literary review of fifty years of research. A similar cornerstone for lithodids was Dawson s (1989) comprehensive bibliography that included both systematic and fishery orientated references. However, during the more than half a century since these monographic summations, the total number of species has increased several folds. Only in the Lomisoidea Bouvier, 1895 has the species number remained only one. In contrast to the 16 genera and 95 species documented by Dawson, recognized lithodoid species now total 129, in 15 genera (Acantholithus Stimpson, 1858 formally having been placed in synonymy with Paralomis White, 1847). Most of these additional taxa have been assigned to the lithodid genera Lithodes Latreille, 1806 and Paralomis. Although a direct comparison with the number of species and subspecies (varieties) listed by Gordan (1956) is not realistic as hers was simply a compilation of names in the existing literature of the time, there is no doubt that increased genera and species recognition has been greatest in the Paguroidea Latreille, 1802: Coenobitidae Dana 1851, two genera and 17 species; Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892, 20 genera and 428 species; Paguridae Latreille 1802, 75 genera and 542 species; Parapaguridae Smith, 1882, 10 genera and 76 species; Pylocheles Bate, 1888, 10 genera and 52 species; Pylojacquesidae McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001, two genera and two species. However, these numbers, particularly in the species category, will undoubtedly change as taxonomic revisions in progress and those contemplated are completed and published. Perhaps it should be noted that while the estimated number of paguroid genera 120 provided by De Grave et al. (2009), agreed with the number of 120 documented in the present checklist, the number of species differed somewhat, 1,069 in the De Grave et al. (2009) checklist, and 1,106 in the present study, with 36 new species added following publication of De Grave et al. (2009). 5

2 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION Two anomuran species, Cancer bernhardus Linnaeus, 1758 and Cancer maja Linnaeus, 1758 were among the first decapods officially recognized in Linnaeus 1758 tenth edition of Systema Naturae. Cancer bernhardus subsequently was transferred to the genus Pagurus Fabricius, 1775, while Cancer maja was assigned still later to Lithodes Latreille, 1806 (as L. arctica Latreille, 1806). As late as Stimpson s (1858) classification, the Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 and Paguridae were considered separate major taxa; Lomis H. Milne Edwards, 1837, when specifically mentioned, was aligned with the Lithodidae [see McLaughlin et al. (2007); Lemaitre & McLaughlin (2009) for specifics]. Although disagreement on the placements of the anomuran families and interpretations of their relationships continued, the derivations by Boas (1880b, 1924) and Bouvier (1894 b, 1895a, 1897a) of the Lithodidae from the Paguridae became firmly implanted in the scientific literature. But it was Bouvier s proposed transformation from pagurid to lithodid pleon that gained general acceptance. In the taxonomic section of his monumental treatise on the Decapoda, Balss (1957) classification of the Paguridea included the families Pylochelidae, Paguridae, Coenobitidae, Lomisidae and Lithodidae. At that point in classificatory history, the Paguridae was composed of the subfamilies Pagurinae sensu Dana (= Diogeninae) and Eupagurinae sensu Brandt (= Pagurinae). However, the interpretation of phylogenetic relationships within the Paguridea, quickly changed and with it the classification. Based on rather limited developmental data, MacDonald et al. (1957) divided the Paguridea into two superfamilies, the Coenobitoidea Dana, 1851, including the Pylochelidae, Coenobitidae and Diogenidae, and Paguroidea Latreille, 1802, including the Paguridae, Parapaguridae and Lithodidae and suggested early divergence of two lineages from an ancestral anomuran; the Lomisidae was not considered. Polyphyly in the Paguroidea was first challenged by McLaughlin (1983b), but it was not until Martin & Davis (2001) accepted McLaughlin s (1983b) argument, that the Paguroidea was reconciled as a single superfamily, retaining all six paguroid families. Martin & Davis (2001) classification also supported removal of the Lomisidae to its own family and superfamily as had been proposed by McLaughlin (1983a). Despite very contentious disagreements between traditional morphologists and molecular phylogenetists regarding the relationships among the Paguroidea s.l. that continue today, only two substantive changes have occurred to date in the formal classification of the superfamily. The first was the addition of the family Pylojacquesidae McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001, considered unique among anomurans in having a chitinous, strongly toothed mandible that could reflect an unusual neotenous or paedomorphic condition. The second was the recently proposed classification of McLaughlin et al. (2007) in which the family Lithodidae was formally transferred to its own superfamily with families Hapalogastridae Brandt, 1850 and Lithodidae. This superfamilial rank for the Lithodoidea Samouelle, 1819, although in use by some (e.g. De Grave et al., 2009; Ahyong et al., 2009, Ahyong, 2010b, Ahyong et al., 2010), is not universally accepted. The positions of the Lomisoidea as a distinct superfamily and the Porcellanidae Haworth, 1825 as a family of the superfamily Galatheoidea Samouelle, 1819 were unchanged in McLaughlin et al. s (2007) classification. Although the formal classification within the Lithodoidea (or Lithodidae) has not been a source of major contention, the evolutionary relationship between pagurids and lithodids most certainly has. The historical account of this presumed relationship has been reviewed in detail by McLaughlin & Lemaitre (1997), McLaughlin et al., (2004), Ahyong & O Meally (2004), McLaughlin et al. (2007) and need not be repeated. Suffice it to say that if a close phylogenetic relationship truly does exist, the unresolved question lies in the determination of the direction of transformation from hermit to king (e.g., Cunningham et al., 1992; Richter & Scholtz, 1994; Morrison et al., 2002) or king to hermit (e.g., McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 1997; McLaughlin et al., 2004; McLaughlin et al., 2007). Despite the Lomisoidea being represented by the monotypic genus, Lomis, it did not escape early uncertainty as to its taxonomic placement and phylogenetic relationship, or the lack of accuracy in its reported morphology. Because of its superficial resemblance to the Porcellanidae, Lamarck initially assigned his species to the genus Porcellana Lamarck, Henri Milne Edwards (1837) recognized several characters that set the taxon apart from the porcellanids and therefore established the genus, Lomis, for the species. Unfortunately, he was not careful in his morphological assessment and aligned Lomis with the Lithodidae, a presumed relationship that was perpetuated for more than a century. Both Bouvier (1894a, 1895a) and Boas (1926) speculated on the evolution of Lomis. Bouvier (1894a, 1895a) derived Lomis from an ancestor intermediate between the paguroid genera Mixtopagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 and Paguristes Dana, 1851; whereas Boas was of the opinion that it probably had originated from the oldest symmetrical hermit crab of the Pylochelidae. Pilgrim (1965) thoroughly investigated the work of earlier carcinologists, correcting many of the existing errors and inadequacies. He found no justification for the inclusion of Lomis in the Porcellanidae or for Bouvier s (1894a, 1895a) derivation of the genus from an asymmetrical ancestor. Nor could Pilgrim find justification for inclusion of Lomis in the remaining Galatheoidae. He was left with only the alternative of including Lomis in the Paguridea s.l. In contrast, McLaughlin (1983a) found the inclusion Lomis in the Coenobitoidea untenable, and removed the genus and family to its own superfamily. Classification of the Paguroidea is by far the most convoluted. When first established by Fabricius (1775), Pagurus included a number of Linnaeus (1758) non crab-like species of Cancer. It was thirty-five years later that Pagurus bernhardus was designated by Latreille (1810) as the type species of the genus. In a monographic revision, H. Milne Edwards (1836) removed, as distinct genera, Coenobites, Cancellus H. Milne Edwards, 1836, and Birgus Leach, 6

3 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY , and subdivided the genus Pagurus into three subgenera: Pagures Ordinaires, Pagures Appendiculés, and Pagures Armés. Pagurus bernhardus was listed first in his Pagures Ordinaires. Subsequently, he (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) subdivided Pagures Ordinaires still further. Pagurus bernhardus was included, with 13 additional species with enlarged right chelipeds, in his section Dextres. The two other sections, Senestres for species with enlarged left chelipeds, and Æquimanus for species with generally equal chelipeds, encompassed the majority of species recognized at the time, although the subgenera Appendiculés, for species with sexually modified pleopods, and Armés for species with spinose intercalary rostriform processes remained as originally defined. Brandt (1851) proposed the replacement name Eupagurus for H. Milne Edwards (1848) non-latin Dextres, but did not address other aspects of H. Milne Edwards classification except to mention in a footnote that a syntopic review of Pagurus would be forthcoming; it apparently was never published. About the same time, Dana (1851) published a revision of the Milne Edwards (1848) classification. For Pagures Ordinaires, Dextres, Dana (1851) proposed the generic name Bernhardus, with Pagurus bernhardus as the type, but renamed by Dana, Bernhardus typicus. Dana disagreed with H. Milne Edwards (1836, 1848) interpretation of the sections Senestres and Æquimanus, choosing to divide the taxa using the terminal structure of the left chela rather than chela symmetry. Dana (1851) proposed the genus Calcinus Dana, 1851 for species with calcareous-tipped chelae. For the remaining species with corneous-tipped chelae Dana believed they constituted the true genus Pagurus. Stimpson (1857) called attention to the fact that Eupagurus and Bernhardus were synonyms and Brandt s (1851) taxon had priority over Dana s (1851) by a few weeks; subsequently Stimpson (1858) designated Cancer bernhardus Linnaeus, 1758 the type of Eupagurus Brandt, Consequently, Eupagurus became the generic name for species characterized by enlarged right chelae, whereas species with corneous-tipped left chelae continued to be referred to Pagurus sensu Dana (1851). Although Paul son (1875) proposed the genus Dardanus for one of the species assigned to Pagurus (sensu Dana), Paul son s genus was placed in synonymy with Dana s (1851) Pagurus by Kossmann (1880). It was not until considerably later that Benedict (1896) realized that Dana s ( 1851) Pagurus contained none of the species originally assigned to the genus by Fabricius (1775) and pointed out that Latreille s (1810) designation of Pagurus bernhardus as the type species of Pagurus (sensu Fabricius) had priority over its assignment as the type species of either Bernhardus or Eupagurus. Around the turn of the century, American authors such as Rathbun (1899) and Holmes (1900) began using Pagurus as it had been interpreted by Benedict (1896), and Benedict (1901b) suggested the replacement name Pagurias Benedict, 1901 for Pagurus (sensu Dana). However, before Pagurias could become established in the carcinological literature of the time, Rathbun (1903) recognized that Paul son s (1875) Dardanus was available for Dana s (1851) taxon. Thus American and Russian carcinologists replaced Eupagurus with Pagurus (sensu Fabricius, 1775) and Pagurus (sensu Dana, 1851) with Dardanus Paul son, However, most Asian and European carcinologists continued to refer species to Eupagurus Brandt, 1851 and Pagurus (sensu Dana, 1851). The ensuing nomenclatorial chaos prevailed until the matter was brought before the International Commission (Forest & Holthuis, 1955). In its subsequent ruling, the Commission validated the generic names Pagurus (sensu Fabricius) with family Paguridae Latreille, 1802, and Dardanus Paul son, 1875 with family Diognidae Ortmann, 1892 (ICZN Opinion 472), and placed the names Eupagurus Brandt and Bernhardus Dana on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology (Hemming, 1958). INFRAORDER ANOMURA MACLEAY, 1838 Infraorder Anomura MacLeay, 1838 = Anomaux Latreille, 1816 (not in Latin, invalid name) = Anomalia Latreille, 1817 = Anomala Schinz, 1823 = Anomoures H. Milne Edwards, 1832 (not in Latin, invalid name) = Anomura MacLeay, 1838 Extant families, subfamilies and tribes of the superfamilies Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea. Superfamily Lithodoidea Samouelle, 1819 Hapalogastridae Brandt, 1850 {1} = Hapalogastrina Brandt, 1850 Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 {1} = Lithodiadae Samouelle, 1819 (invalid original spelling ICZN Opinion 511) = Lithodinae Samouelle, 1819 = Lithodeacea De Haan, 1833 = Lithodea Brandt, 1848 = Elithodea Brandt, 1848 = Holaspidura Brandt, 1848 = Cryptolithodea Brandt, 1848 = Lithodina Brandt, 1850 = Ostracogastrica Brandt 1850 = Lithodideorum Stimpson, 1858 = Lithodinès Bouvier, 1895 (not in Latin, invalid name) = Lithodinés Bouvier, 1896 (not in Latin, invalid name) Superfamily Lomisoidea Bouvier, 1895 = Lomisinés Bouvier, 1894 (not in Latin, invalid name) Lomisidae Bouvier, 1895 = Lomoidea Glassner, 1969 (incorrect stem) = Lomidae Glassner, 1969 (incorrect stem) Superfamily Paguroidea Latreille, 1802 = Paguridea Latreille, 1802 = Coenobitoidea Dana,

4 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Coenobitidae Dana, 1851 Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892 = Diogeninae Ortmann, 1892 = Dardaninae Schmitt, 1926 Paguridae (correction by Samouelle, 1819, of Pagurii Latreille, 1802) = Pagurinae Latreille, 1802 Parapaguridae Smith, 1882 Pylochelidae Bate, 1888 = Pomatochelidae Stebbing, 1914 Pylochelinae Bate, 1888 Pomatochelinae Stebbing, 1914 Trizochelinae Forest, 1987 Parapylochelini Forest, 1987 Cancellochelini Forest, 1987 Trizochelini Forest, 1987 Mixtopagurini Bouvier, 1895 Pylojacquesidae McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 DESCRIPTIVE TERMS AND CURRENT STATUS LITHODOIDEA General morphology. The body shape is crab-like with the carapace generally well calcified and covering the entire cephalothorax. Regions of the dorsal carapace are usually well defined and the integument provided with spines, tubercles or granules except in Cryptolithodes Brandt, The rostrum is variable in size and armature, but always present; external orbital spines (cf. Macpherson, 1988) are well developed or not. Ocular peduncles are generally short, with corneas pigmented; no ocular acicles are developed. Antennular peduncles often are as long as or longer than antennal peduncles. Antennal peduncles exhibit supernumerary segmentation and antennal acicles are well developed, reduced or absent. Third maxillipeds are pediform and widely separated basally; the ischium has a well-developed crista dentata and accessory tooth. Gills are phylobranchiate, 11 on each side: 5 pairs of arthrobranchs on arthroidal membranes of the third maxillipeds, chelipeds and pereopods 2 4; 1 pleurobranch is developed on the body wall above each fourth pereopod. Chelipeds usually, but not always, are markedly unequal, the right largest. Pereopods 2 4 are developed as walking legs, each with terminal claw; pereopod 5 is reduced and most frequently carried dorsally under the carapace. The pleon is short, weakly to firmly bent under the cephalothorax; with the tergite of the second pleomere provided with paired marginal and lateral plates and single median plate, or nodules in place of actual calcified plates; tergites 3 5 are primarily membranous in the Hapalogastridae, incompletely to completely calcified in the Lithodidae. Internally, male and females reproductive organs and lobules of the midgut cecum (hepatopancreas), together with other principal organ systems, are located in the cephalothorax as they are in brachyurans. Adult males are completely lacking pleopods; females each are provided with a pair of small pleopods developed on first pleonal segment, segments 2 5 each have an unpaired, left uniramous pleopod. Uropods are entirely absent in adults of both sexes. The telson is reduced to a small calcified plate. Development. Lithodoid larval development is similar to that of other anomurans in that the developing embryos hatch from the parental eggs as swimming larvae (zoeae) provided with carapace, rostrum and cephalothoracic appendages that include eyes, antennules, antennae, mandibles, maxillules, maxillae, and first and second maxillipeds. The elongate pleon is composed of five pleomeres and a telson. Although lithodoid zoeae often tend to hatch in a somewhat slightly advanced stage than typical first zoeae (eyes already at least partially stalked), they generally pass through two or more zoeal stages, during which the third maxilliped and buds of the thoracic appendages develop in the cephalothoracic region, while the pleon adds a sixth pleomere, pleopodal buds, and in some taxa uniramous uropods (McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001a; McLaughlin et al., 2004). The zoeal phase is followed by a molt to the megalopa, and it is at this stage that lithodoid and paguroid developmental differences begin to become apparent although these differences were initially observed only from adult morphology and regrettably misunderstood. Specifically, the adult condition suggested that the membranous pleon of the ancestral paguroid was progressively invaded by calcified nodules that ultimately fused to form calcified plates in lithodoids. Initial fusion occurred primarily in the first and second tergites with the third through fifth tergites invaded first with granules and successively with increasingly larger and more numerous nodules. Marginal and lateral plates of the adult tergites were formed by these latter invasions. Ultimately the median nodules also fused resulting in solid plates (Bouvier, 1894 b, 1895a, 1897a). However, in a series of developmental studies, Crain & McLaughlin (2000a, b), McLaughlin & Lemaitre (2001a), McLaughlin & Paul (2002) and McLaughlin et al. (2004) were able to demonstrate conclusively that it was not the calcification and fusion of pleonal tergites in paguroid evolution that gave rise to lithodoid pleonal armament, but rather decalcification and sundering. The chitinous or weakly calcified, but entire, individual tergal plates seen in the lithodoid megalopae underwent calcium loss and other changes in first or second juvenile crab stages in certain genera, coupled with accessory marginal plate development that resulted in the patterns of plates and/or nodules recognized in the adults (see McLaughlin et al., 2004, for detailed account). In addition to the evidence provided by tergal plate decalcification, there are other aspects of lithodoid development that set this superfamily apart from its crablike cousins and from paguroids. The most significant is seen in the uropods. Uropods typically first develop in the third zoeal stage, and remain biramous appendages, albeit with modifications, through adult life. However this is not the case in lithodoids. From the data available, if uropods develop, 8

5 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 they appear in the third zoeal stage as would be expected. However in genera such as Acantholithodes Holmes, 1900, and Cryptolithodes, both of which have four zoeal stages, uropods never develop. When zoeal uropods occur in lithodoids, they are uniramous structures that are lost entirely with the molt to first crab, except in Placetron Schalfeew, When total loss occurs in that genus presently is not known, but uropods are lacking in adults. Current status. The hypothesized evolutionary relationship between hermit crabs and king crabs, as has been previously noted, is fraught with inconsistencies and disagreements. The sources of these disparities are multifold, but include archaic and inaccurate morphological data, conflicting spermatological information, ignored developmental documentation, a paucity of comprehensive molecular data, and the dangerous assumption that one molecular shoe fits all. As emphasized by Boero (2010) not all species are molecularly the same. Brief perusal of major phylogenetic assessments published over the last decade (e.g. Schram, 2001; Morrison et al., 2002; Dixon et al., 2003; Ahyong & O Meally 2004; Porter et al., 2005; McLaughlin et al., 2007; Tsang et al., 2008, in press; Ahyong et al., 2009; Bracken et al, 2009) demonstrates the remarkable discrepancies provided, particularly by the molecular data. Nonetheless, these data confirmed the nesting of the Lithodoidea with the Paguroidea in the four most recent analyses, all of which employed refined molecular methodologies (Tsang et al., 2008, in press; Ahyong et al., 2009; Bracken et al., 2009). It has been argued, and possibly justifiably, that this apparent relationship between lithodoids and paguroids is artificial because of the very poor species representations for each. Tsang et al. s (2008) dataset included seven paguroids and one lithodid; Bracken et al. s (2009) included three paguroids and one lithodid; Ahyong et al. s (2009) included 13 paguroids and two lithodoids. However, in their presentation at the Anomura III Symposium in Tokyo, 2009, Tsang et al. (in press) increased their species representation to four lithodids, eight pagurids, eight diogenids + coenobitids, six parapagurids and four pylochelids. That none of these investigations were able to recover a monophyletic Paguroidea should not come as surprising. The monophyly the authors refer to is that presented by McLaughlin (1983b) as a challenge to the polyphyly proposed by MacDonald et al. (1957) based on their limited larval data. Both claims are archaic and should be relegated to their places in the history of anomuran historical side-steps. Knowledge and understand of morphological and developmental processes have been advanced considerably in the ensuing quarter century. And more recently our toolbox has been enhanced by molecular methodologies. Unfortunately, the advancements on both fronts have not been incorporated into the analytical processes employed by either molecular or morphological practitioners. For example, Ahyong, et al. (2009) found their resulting polyphyly of asymmetrical paguroids difficult to reconcile with somatic morphology. A priori, the suite of associated modifications required for gastropod shell habitation, present in all asymmetrical hermit crabs is compelling evidence for monophyly. Perhaps recognition that not all paguroids are asymmetrical, gastropod shell-inhabitants and that the pagurid taxon apparently most closely aligned with their two lithodid exemplars is a polychaete tube-dweller could provide a slightly broader interpretation of their results. It would be akin to burying one s head in the sand to completely disregard aspects of the molecular hypothesis regarding the relationship between lithodoids and paguroids. It would be equally irresponsible to accept the molecularly implied relationships without current knowledge of the morphological and developmental incongruities that exist between the two superfamilies. In place of the ancient history both morphologists and molecular biologists have been relying on for explanations of complex issues, isn t it about time that the two schools share and work together to find the most realistic and parsimonious explanations to the puzzles of this very multifaceted relationship? LOMISOIDEA General morphology. The body shape is crab-like with the carapace generally flattened. Regions of the dorsal carapace are not well defined but the integument is provided with tufts of short setae. The rostrum is triangular. The ocular peduncles are mesially flattened, slightly compressed dorsoventrally and well calcified; the corneas are reduced; ocular orbits and ocular acicles are absent. The antennal peduncles exhibit supernumerary segmentation; the antennal flagella are thick and provided by paired, long setae. An epistomial spine is present. The third maxillipeds are pediform, widely separated basally; the ischium has a crista dentata but no accessory tooth. Gills are phylobranchiate, 14 on each side: 5 pairs of arthrobranchs on the arthroidal membranes of the third maxillipeds, chelipeds and pereopods 2 4; 4 pleurobranchs, one on the body wall above the first through fourth pereopods. The chelipeds are equal, broad, depressed. Pereopods 2 4 are developed as walking legs each with terminal claw; pereopod 5 is reduced and carried dorsally under the carapace. The pleon is symmetrical, with well calcified tergites, weakly bent under the cephalothorax; the second tergite clearly visible in dorsal view. Adult males have paired first and second pleopods modified as gonopods, pleopods 3 5 and uropods are vestigial or entirely lacking; females have a pair of pleopods developed on each of pleonal segments 2 5; the terminal pleomere has a pair of sexually dimorphically uropods. The telson is reduced to a small calcified plate in both sexes. One apomorphy unique to Lomis hirta (Lamarck, 1818) is this dimorphic development of uropods well developed and elongate in females, vestigial in males (McLaughlin et al., 2007). Development. Cormbie (1993) and McLaughlin et al. (2004) provided limited information about development in the Lomisoidea. Lomis hirta larvae hatch in an advanced state, with the eyes at least partially stalked and buds of pereopods 1 4 or 1 5 already present. There is some additional disagreement between Cormie s (1993) account 9

6 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea and that of McLaughlin et al. (2004) with the former author finding only a four-segmented pleon and poorly developed pleopod buds. McLaughlin et al. found the pleon to consist of five pleomeres with fused telson but with the upcoming separation already indicated in some specimens; pleopods were moderately well developed and weakly biramous. McLaughlin et al. were of the opinion that even if errors in observation occurred between the two reports, interstage morphological variation was likely to occur in L. hirta as in other anomurans. Current status. The phylogenetic relationship of the Lomisoidea with other major anomuran taxa is still unresolved. PAGUROIDEA General morphology. The dorsal surface of the cephalothorax is covered by a chitinized to moderately well calcified carapace; the anterior portion of this carapace, the shield, is partially to completely delineated laterally and posterolaterally by the cervical groove and posteriorly by the linea transversalis; near the anterolateral margin the linea anomurica is usually apparent. The dorsal surfaces of the shield and posterior carapace may be pitted, weakly grooved, spinulose or tuberculate, but not divided into regions corresponding to the internal organs of the cephalothorax. A rostrum may or may not be developed, but rarely is it prominently produced; an intercalary rostral process is occasionally developed; the anterior margin of the shield may or may not show development of lateral projections. The ocular peduncles are three-segmented, with the basal segments fused in the midline and occasionally produced into spinose projections; no ocular orbits are developed; corneas are well developed, reduced or rarely absent; ocular acicles are present. The antennular peduncles are innermost and three-segmented; the antennal peduncles each are provided with a supernumerary segment. Gills are bi- or quadriserial phylobranchiae, varying in number from 14 to eight pairs; epipods occasionally are present. Chelipeds are equal, subequal or grossly unequal. Pereopods 2 and 3 are developed as ambulatory legs; pereopod 4 is reduced in size and modified, usually with a propodal rasp. Pereopod 5 is also reduced, usually provided with a terminal rasp, and often carried within the carcinoecium. The paguroid pleons may be elongate, straight or flexed, bulbous, or reduced; entirely membranous, provided with calcified tergites on all six pleomeres, or with calcification reduced but not entirely absent. Internally, space in the paguroid pleon is occupied by the male or female reproductive organs and the cecal lobes of the midgut gland (hepatopancreas). Adult males may be provided with a pair of gonopores on the coxae of the fifth pereopods or only a single gonopore may be present; rarely, males also may exhibit, presumably nonfunctional, female gonopores on the coxae of the third pereopods. In addition to the male gonopores, a sexual tube of variable length and complexity may be extruded from either the right or the left gonopore or from both, or one or the other gonopore may be masked by a tuft of stiff setae. Adult females most commonly are provided with a pair of gonopores on the coxae of the third pereopods, but occasionally only a single left gonopore is present. Females rarely, if ever, are also provided with male gonopores. Males of certain genera develop paired first and second pleopods modified as gonopods, or occasionally only second pleopods so modified. Males also may be provided with unpaired pleopods on pleomeres 2 5 or reduced combinations thereof, usually occurring on the left side of the pleon, but occasionally on either side; in certain genera, male pleopods are totally lacking. Females not infrequently are provided paired and modified first pleopods, occasionally asymmetrically paired second pleopods. Unpaired female pleopods usually occur only on the left side of the pleon on pleomere 2 5, but in certain genera may develop on either side. Unpaired pleopods are never entirely lost, but their number may decrease to 2 or 3. The pleon terminates in paired symmetrical or asymmetrical, biramous uropods, almost always modified by propodal rasps. The sixth pleonal somite and its uropodal appendages are most frequently contiguous with the telson; however, in a few species of two pagurid genera, the telson is separated from the sixth somite by a lobe of tissue. The reason for this peculiarity has not yet been determined. Development. Larval development in the majority of paguroids is similar to that of other anomurans in that the developing embryos hatch from the parental eggs as swimming larvae (zoeae) provided with carapace, rostrum and cephalothoracic appendages that include eyes, antennules, antennae, mandibles, maxillules, maxillae, and first and second maxillipeds. The elongate pleon typically is composed of five pleomeres and a telson to which a sixth is added in a subsequent zoeal stage as is the third maxilliped, pereopodal and pleopodal buds and uropods. Although four zoeal stages are common before the molt to megalopa, this number may be reduced to one or two or extended to several. Rarely has direct development been documented. Developmental clocks are variable and phase predictability is challenging. Unlike brachyuran larvae where setal variability is rare, paguroid setal variability is the norm. Despite the general developmental patterns paguroids share, familial and/or generic specializations make zoeal, megalopal, and early juvenile stages potentially informative from evolutionary standpoints but caution is required. Development in one species is not necessarily going to be the same for potentially allied species. For example, the significant differences observed in the first zoeal stages of four pylochelid species (two species of Trizocheles Forest, 1987, one each of Pylocheles A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, and Pomatocheles Miers 1879) substantially strengthened Lemaitre et al. s (2009) proposition of three distinct evolutionary pathways within the Pylochelidae. Clear differences also exist between diogenid and pagurid larval developmental patterns and even among species of the polyphyletic genus Pagurus. Unfortunately, interest in the information available from 10

7 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 larval studies has waned, thus another phylogenetic resource is being underutilized. Current status. Most evolutionary hypotheses regarding the Paguroidea have focused on the presumed derivation of lithodids from a Pagurus-like ancestor, or the more broadly explored the role of carcinization in paguroid evolution. Only relatively recently have molecular techniques been applied and, as previously alluded to, with mixed results. Relationships suggested by molecules often have been in direct conflict with those supported by morphological or developmental data, or have surprised phylogenetists with information known from morphology for decades. However, one recent exception is striking. Albeit limited in scope, developmental and morphological data for four species of the paguroid family Pylochelidae are in accord with molecular analyses of three of the four same species. All three sources confirm a broad separation of the subfamilies Pylochelinae and Trizochelinae. A different application of molecular methodology has provided the first thorough and in-depth review of speciation in a genus of the Paguroidea. Malay & Paulay (2010) constructed mitochondrial and nuclear gene phylogenies of the majority of species of Calcinus using replicates from multiple locations spanning the known ranges of the species. Their study demonstrated the practical usefulness of sequence data in examining speciation, diversification and even the evolution of coloration. It can only be hoped that their technique will be applied to other elements of the paguroid puzzle. CHECKLIST SUPERFAMILY LITHODOIDEA SAMOUELLE, 1819 {1, 2} Family Hapalogastridae Brandt, 1850 {1} Acantholithodes Holmes, 1895 {2} = Acantholithodes Holmes, 1895 (type species Dermaturus hispidus Stimpson, 1860, by original designation; gender masculine) Acantholithodes hispidus (Stimpson, 1860) [Dermaturus] Dermaturus Brandt, 1850 {3} = Dermaturus Brandt, 1850 (type species Dermaturus mandtii Brandt, 1850, by monotypy; gender masculine) Dermaturus mandtii Brandt, 1850 Hapalogaster Brandt, 1850 = Hapalogaster Brandt, 1850 (type species Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850, by monotype; gender masculine) Hapalogaster cavicauda Stimpson, 1859 Hapalogaster dentata (De Haan, 1849) [Lomis] Hapalogaster grebnitzkii Schalfeew, 1892 Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850 Oedignathus Benedict, 1895 = Oedignathus Benedict, 1895 (type species Oedignathus gilli Benedict, 1895, by monotypy; gender masculine) {4} Oedignathus inermis (Stimpson, 1860) [Hapalogaster] = Hapalogaster brandtii Schalfeew, 1892 = Oedignathus gilli Benedict, 1895 Placetron Schalfeew, 1892 = Placetron Schalfeew, 1892 (type species Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew, 1892, by monotypy; gender masculine) = Lepeopus Benedict 1895 (type species Lepeopus forcipatus Benedict, 1895, by monotypy; gender masculine) {5} Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew, 1892 = Lepeopus forcipatus Benedict, 1895 NOTES {1} McLaughlin et al. (2007) removed the family Lithodidae from the superfamily Paguroidea and elevated the family to the rank of superfamily with families Hapalogastridae and Lithodidae. {2} The status of Acantholithodes is controversial. In his original description of Dermaturus hispidus, Stimpson (1860) commented that it might be necessary to separate it [the species] generically from Dermaturus, but he had not seen the typical species of Brandt s (1850) genus. Holmes (1895) established the genus Acantholithodes for Stimpson s (1860) D. hispidus, differentiating it from Dermaturus by presence of spines on the body and legs and by the large, spiny prolongation of the outer side of the second segment of the antenna, characters entirely lacking in Dermaturus. Although A. hispidus rarely is encountered, the genus has been recognized as a valid Northeastern Pacific taxon since its original description (e.g., Rathbun, 1904; Schmitt, 1921; Hart, 1982; Williams et al., 1989; McLaughlin et al., 2005). {3} Dawson & Yaldwyn (1985) and Dawson (1989) considered Acantholithodes a synonym of Dermaturus and apparently that opinion was shared by Macpherson (1988) who listed only Dermaturus among the four genera of the subfamily Hapalogastrinae. Additionally, the date of publication given by De Grave et al. (2009) of 1894 is incorrect. Holmes paper was published in {4} Makarov (1938) and Dawson (1989) both specifically cited Oedignathus inermis as the type species. However, in his original description of the genus, Benedict (1895) included only his own new species O. gilli. Thus O. gilli is the type species of the genus Oedignathus by monotypy, despite it being a junior synonym of O. inermis. 11

8 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Family Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 {1, 2} Cryptolithodes Brandt, 1848 = Cryptolithodes Brandt, 1848 (type species Cryptolithodes typicus Brandt, 1848, by monotypy; gender masculine) Cryptolithodes expansus Miers, 1879 Cryptolithodes sitchensis Brandt, 1853 = Cryptolithodes alta-fi ssura Bate, 1864 Cryptolithodes typicus Brandt, 1848 = Cryptolithodes brevifrons Miers, 1879 Glyptolithodes Faxon, 1895 = Glyptolithodes Faxon, 1895 (type species Rhinolithodes cristatipes Faxon, 1893, by monotypy; gender masculine) Glyptolithodes cristatipes (Faxon, 1893) [Rhinolithodes] Lithodes Latreille, 1806 = Lithodes Latreille, 1806, (type species Cancer maja Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy; gender masculine) = Pseudolithodes Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 (type species Pseudolithodes zenkevitchi Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972, by original designation; gender masculine) Lithodes aequispinus Benedict, 1895 {2, 3} = Paralithodes longirostris Navozov-Lavrov, 1929 Lithodes aotearoa Ahyong, 2010 Lithodes australiensis Ahyong, 2010 Lithodes ceramensis Takeda & Nagai, 2004 Lithodes chaddertoni Ahyong, 2010 Lithodes confundens Macpherson, 1988 Lithodes couesi Benedict, 1895 {2} Lithodes ferox Filhol, 1885 {4} = Lithodes tropicalis A. Milne-Edwards, 1883 (nomen nudum) = Lithodes tropicalis Bouvier, 1895 = Pseudolithodes pyriformis Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 Lithodes formosae Ahyong & Chan, 2010 Lithodes galapagensis Hall & Thatje, 2009 Lithodes jessica Ahyong, 2010 Lithodes longispina Sakai, 1971 Lithodes macquariae Ahyong, 2010 Lithodes maja (Linnaeus, 1758) [Cancer] = Cancer horridus Pennant, 1777 = Cancer spinosus Ascanius, 1776 = Cancer spinosus Amboinensis Seba, 1759 = Cancer spinosus maximus, orientalis Seba, 1759 (non binominal, not valid name) = Parthenope Maja Fabricius, 1798 = Inachus Maja Fabricius, 1798 = Maja eriocheles Lamarck, 1801 (invalid name ICZN 511) = Lithodes arctica Latreille, 1806 (invalid name ICZN 511) =? Lithode douteuse H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (not Latin, not valid name) {5} =? Lithodes dubius Brandt, 1848 {5} = Lithodes Maia Samouelle, 1819 (misspelling of maja) = Lithodes maia Smith, 1879 (misspelling of maja) = Maia vulgaris Bosc, 1802 (suppressed generic name ICNZ Opinion 511) Lithodes mamillifer Macpherson, 1988 Lithodes manningi Macpherson, 1988 Lithodes megacantha Macpherson, 1991 Lithodes murrayi Henderson, 1888 Lithodes nintokuae Sakai, 1978 Lithodes panamensis Faxon, 1893 Lithodes paulayi Macpherson & Chan, 2008 Lithodes rachelae Ahyong, 2010 Lithodes richeri Macpherson, 1990 Lithodes robertsoni Ahyong, 2010 Lithodes santolla (Molina, 1782) [Cancer] {6} = Lithodes antarctica Hombron & Jacquinot, 1842 {6} = Pseudolithodes zenkevitschi Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 Lithodes turkayi Macpherson, 1988 Lithodes turritus Ortmann, 1892 Lithodes unicornis Macpherson, 1984 {7} Lithodes wiracocha Haig, 1974 Lopholithodes Brandt, 1848 = Lopholithodes Brandt, 1848 (type species Lopholithodes mandtii Brandt, 1848 by monotypy; gender masculine) = Ctenorhinus Gibbons, 1855 (type species Ctenorhinus setimanus Gibbons, 1855, by monotypy; gender masculine) = Echinocerus White, 1848 (type species Echinocerus cibarius White, 1848, by monotypy; gender masculine) Lopholithodes foraminatus (Stimpson, 1859) [Echinocerus] Lopholithodes mandtii Brandt, 1848 = Echinocerus cibarius White, 1848 = Ctenorhinus setimanus Gibbons, 1855 Neolithodes A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894 {8} = Neolithodes A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894 (type species Lithodes Grimaldii A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier 1894, by original designation; gender masculine) Neolithodes agassizii (Smith, 1882) [Lithodes] Neolithodes asperrimus Barnard, 1947 Neolithodes brodiei Dawson & Yaldwyn, 1970 Neolithodes bronwynae Ahyong, 2010 Neolithodes capensis Stebbing, 1905 Neolithodes diomedeae (Benedict, 1895) [Lithodes] {2} = Neolithodes martii Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 Neolithodes duhameli Macpherson, 2004 Neolithodes fl indersi Ahyong, 2010 Neolithodes grimaldii (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894) [Lithodes] = Lithodes goodei Benedict, 1895 {2} Neolithodes nipponensis Sakai, 1971 Neolithodes vinogradovi Macpherson,

9 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Neolithodes yaldwyni Ahyong & Dawson, 2006 Paralithodes Brandt, 1848 = Paralithodes Brandt, 1848 (type species Lithodes brevipes H. Milne Edwards & Lucas 1841, by monotypy; gender masculine) Paralithodes brevipes (H. Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1841) [Lithodes] Paralithodes californiensis (Benedict, 1895) [Lithodes] {2, 9} Paralithodes camtschaticus (Tilesius, 1815) [Maja] = Lithodes spinosissimus Brandt, 1848 = Lithodes Japonicus De Haan 1849 = Paralithodes rostrofalcatus MacKay, 1932 Paralithodes platypus (Brandt, 1850) [Lithodes] Paralithodes rathbuni (Benedict, 1895) [Lithodes] {2, 9} Paralomis White, 1856 = Paralomis White, 1856 (type species Lithodes granulosa (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846, by original designation; gender feminine) {10} = Acantholithus Stimpson, 1858 (type species Lithodes hystrix De Haan, 1849, by original designation; gender masculine) = Leptolithodes Benedict, 1895 [type species Paralomis aculeata Henderson, 1888 by subsequent designation by Ahyong et al. (2010); gender masculine] {2, 11} = Pristopus Benedict, 1895 [type species Pristopus verrilli Benedict, 1895, by subsequent designation by Ahyong et al. (2010) designation; gender masculine] {2, 12} Paralomis aculeata Henderson, 1888 Paralomis africana Macpherson, 1982 Paralomis alcockiana Hall & Thatje, 2009 Paralomis anamerae Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis arae Macpherson, 2001 Paralomis arethusa Macpherson, 1994 Paralomis aspera Faxon, 1893 Paralomis birsteini Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis bouvieri Hansen, 1908 Paralomis ceres Macpherson, 1989 Paralomis chilensis Andrade, 1980 Paralomis cristata Takeda & Ohta, 1979 Paralomis cristulata Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis cubensis Chace, 1939 Paralomis danida Takeda & Bussarawit, 2007 Paralomis dawsoni Macpherson, 2001 Paralomis diomedeae (Faxon, 1893) [Echinocerus] Paralomis dofl eini Balss, 1911 Paralomis echidna Ahyong, 2010 Paralomis elongata Spiridonov, Türkay, Arntz & Thatje, 2006 Paralomis erinacea Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis formosa Henderson, 1888 Paralomis gowlettholmes Ahyong, 2010 {13} Paralomis granulosa (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1846) [Lithodes] {10} = Lithodes granulata Jacquinot & Lucas, 1854 {10} = Lithodes verrucosa Dana, 1852 Paralomis grossmani Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis haigae Eldredge, 1976 Paralomis hirtella de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1997 Paralomis histrix (De Haan, 1849) [Lithodes] Paralomis hystrixoides Sakai, 1980 Paralomis inca Haig, 1974 Paralomis indica Alcock & Anderson, 1899 Paralomis investigatoris Alcock & Anderson, 1899 Paralomis jamsteci Takeda & Hashimoto, 1990 Paralomis japonicus Balss, 1911 Paralomis kyushupalauensis Takeda, 1985 Paralomis longidactylus Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 {14} Paralomis longipes Faxon, 1893 Paralomis makarovi Hall & Thatje, 2009 Paralomis manningi Williams, Smith & Baco, 2000 Paralomis medipacifi ca Takeda, 1974 Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson, 2003 Paralomis microps Filhol, 1884 = Rhinolithodes biscayensis Bouvier, 1895 {15} Paralomis multispina (Benedict, 1895) [Leptolithodes] {2} Paralomis nivosa Hall & Thatje, 2009 Paralomis ochthodes Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis odawarai (Sakai, 1980) [Lopholithodes] Paralomis otsuae Wilson, 1990 Paralomis pacifi ca Sakai, 1978 Paralomis papillata (Benedict, 1895) [Leptolithodes] {2} Paralomis pectinata Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis phrixa Macpherson, 1992 Paralomis poorei Ahyong, 2010 Paralomis roeleveldae Kensley, 1981 Paralomis seagranti Eldredge, 1976 Paralomis serrata Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis spectabilis Hansen, 1908 Paralomis spinosissima Birstein & Vinogradov, 1972 Paralomis staplesi Ahyong, 2010 Paralomis stella Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis stevensi Ahyong & Dawson 2006 Paralomis taylorae Ahyong, 2010 Paralomis truncatispinosa Takeda & Miyake, 1980 = Paralomis heterotuberculata Tung, Yang & Li, 1984 Paralomis tuberipes Macpherson, 1988 Paralomis verrilli (Benedict, 1895) [Pristopus] {2} Paralomis webberi Ahyong, 2010 Paralomis zealandica Dawson & Yaldwyn, 1971 = Paralomis shinkaimaruae Takeda & Hatanaka, 1984 Phyllolithodes Brandt, 1848 = Phyllolithodes Brandt, 1848 (type species Phyllolithodes papillosus Brandt, 1848 by monotypy; gender masculine) = Petaloceras White, 1856 (type species Petaloceras bellianus White, 1856, by monotypy; gender masculine) 13

10 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Phyllolithodes papillosus Brandt, 1848 = Petaloceras bellianus White, 1856 = Phyllolithodes bicornis Bate, 1866 Rhinolithodes Brandt, 1848 = Rhinolithodes Brandt, 1848 (type species Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii Brandt, 1848, by monotypy; gender masculine) Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii Brandt, 1848 Sculptolithodes Makarov, 1934 = Sculptolithodes Makarov, 1934 (type species Sculptolithodes derjugini Makarov, 1934, by monotypy; gender masculine) Sculptolithodes derjugini Makarov, 1934 NOTES {1} In his table of gill elements in lithodids, Macpherson (1988b: 18) indicated that pleurobranchs were entirely absent. This is incorrect. Only in a few genera of the Paguridae are pleurobranchs lost completely; lithodoids all have a pleurobranch on the thoracic wall above each fourth pereopod (McLaughlin et al., 1997). {2} Although correctly cited by Dawson (1989), as noted by Shirley (2002), the date of publication of Benedict s report on the lithodids collected by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross has been incorrectly cited by numerous authors including Hart (1982), Macpherson (1988b) and Williams et al. (1989). Benedict s paper was issued as a separate (1016) for volume 17 of the Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum. The separate s cover carried the date 1894; however, according to the table of contents for the volume, Benedict s paper was actually published on 29 January {3} Also correctly cited by Dawson (1989), and noted by Shirley (2002), the spelling of the specific name of this taxon has been incorrectly cited by numerous authors including Macpherson (1988b) and Williams et al. (1989). Benedict (1895) described the species as Lithodes aequispinus, incorrectly assigning a masculine ending to the feminine noun spina. It does not appear that this is an inadvertent error on the author s part; endings of Latin nouns are not changed to agree in gender with generic name. Nonetheless, Bouvier (1896) corrected the spelling to the original form of the noun, and for many years this species was reported under the name Lithodes aequispina. The current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN1999: Art. 32.2) is unambiguous in stating that the original spelling is the correct spelling unless it is shown to be an inadvertent error; thus L. aequispinus as the original spelling is correct. {4} Macpherson (1988b) corrected the error in authorship of L. ferox made by both Dawson & Yaldwyn (1985) and Dawson (1989). Those authors attributed the species to A. Milne-Edwards (1883), although in his References Macpherson incorrectly cited the publication date as Authorship of L. ferox correctly belongs to Filhol (1885). As pointed out by Macpherson (1988b), A. Milne-Edwards (1883) mentioned only that a distinct species from off West Africa was designated Lithodes tropicalis. As Milne- Edwards remark was not accompanied by either a description or an illustration, the name was a nomen nudum. The species was first formally described by Bouvier (1895). However, in the interim, Filhol (1885) described Lithodes ferox from the same area. Although Filhol s specimens proved to be juveniles of L. tropicalis, Filhol s name had priority and L. tropicalis became a junior synonym. {5} Among the plates of Seba s ( ; ) Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri & Planches de Seba (Holthuis 1969), was a figure of a lithodid considered by H. Milne Edwards (1837: 186) to depict the same species as an unidentified specimen in the collections of the Muséum national d Histoire naturelle. Because the specimen was in poor condition, and he was unsure of its conspecificity with the unidentified museum specimens H. Milne Edwards gave it the name Lithode douteuse using a question mark to indicate his doubt. Brandt (1848) reported the species in its Latinized form as Lithodes dubius M. Edw. but although he repeated H. Milne Edwards (1837) diagnosis, noted that he had not seen the species. Subsequently, Brandt (1851: 93, footnote) suggested that Lithode douteuse was probably a specimen of Lithodes arcticus, but because of his uncertainty, retained H. Milne Edwards question mark. {6} Despite being first described by Molina (1782) as Cancer santolla, this species was reported under the name Lithodes antarctica Jacquinot for many years. As discussed by Macpherson (1988), the date of publication of Jacquinot s species was uncertain, as the expedition results were published in several parts and the illustrations published separately. Based on the mention by H. Milne Edwards & Lucas ( : vol. 6(1): 32, pl. 7) of Lithodes antarctica, the correct date was taken to be However, Clark & Crosnier (2000) painstakenly traced the accurate dates of publication of the 28 livraisons that comprised the Atlas of the Voyage au pole and determined that the correct date of publication was Authorship was corrected by Holthuis (2002) from Jacquinot in Hombron & Jacquinot to Hombron & Jacquinot, October, {7} Dawson & Yaldwyn (1985) and Dawson (1989) considered L. unicornis to be junior synonym of L. murrayi. While acknowledging the morphological similarities between the two species, Macpherson (1988) believed that certain characters appeared to confirm their distinctness and we accept his judgment. 14

11 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 {8} Davie (2002) cited monotypy as the type designation for Neolithodes, and the source as A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1894). Actually, the type was fixed by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1894a) by original designation. These authors included two species, N. grimaldii and N. agassizi (Smith, 1882) in their remarks accompanying the original description, both species initially having been included in the genus Lithodes. A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1894a) described L. grimaldii on page 62 with accompanying plate 3. However, in an appendix to that report (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894a: 91) the authors introduced the description of their new genus, Neolithodes with the following statement. En comparant Lithodes Grimaldii (voir ci-dessus, p. 62) avec les autres représentants de la sous-famille des Lithodinés nous avons pu nous convaincre qu il diffère de ceux-ci par la structure de son abdomen et par la forme de son rostre; comme ces differences sont d ordre essentiellement générique dans la sousfamille, il y a lieu de ranger l espèce de l Hirondelle dans un nouveau genre pour lequel nous proposons le nom de Neolithodes. The description following was identical to the one published by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1894b), but the latter included two different illustrations. Despite being titled Neolithodes genre nouveau de la sous-famillle des Lithodinés the second description was published on 10 July 1894, whereas the first appeared in print on 1 June {9} The original descriptions of Paralithodes californiensis and P. rathbuni were based on two female specimens of the former and one male of the latter, respectively. Benedict (1895) emphasized the appreciable similarities between the two taxa, but indicated that he was hesitant to consider them a single species. Although three additional females were subsequently reported from off San Diego, California (Schmitt, 1921), Dr. Schmitt, curator of Crustacea the National Museum of Natural History for many years, expressed serious doubts about their distinctiveness and suggested that perhaps they simply represented males and females of a single taxon (personal communication to PMcL). Both species are still reported as part of the eastern Pacific fauna (e.g., Anderson & Cailliet, 1974; Wicksten, 1987; Zaklan, 2002); however, their true status is unclear. {10} Both authorship and publication date for this species have been sources of disagreement. Macpherson (1988b) reemphasized Haig s (1955) contention that authorship was established in Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847, page 4, Section Crustacea, volume 3, where the species was attributed to Jacquinot. Although the text was not published until 1854, publication of the figures preceded it, and while no actual date of publication was specified, White s (1847) inclusion of the species in his list of Crustacea in the British Museum was accepted as an indication of the correct date. However, in their detailed account of the published zoological results of the expedition of the Astrolabe and Zélée, Clark & Crosnier (2000) determined that Paralomis granulosa (as Lithodes) was first published in July of 1846 as part of Atlas plate 8. The text of volume 3 Crustacés was published by Jacquinot and Lucas in 1854 where the species was cited as Lithodes granulata. Holthuis (2002) subsequently confirmed the correct authorship as Lithodes granulosa Hombron & Jacquinot, {11} Benedict (1895) established the genus Leptolithodes for certain species previously assigned to Paralomis that he believed differed from the designated type species, Lithodes granulosus. Although he included three previously described taxa and added two new species of his own, Benedict did not designate a type species. In a review of the lithodids of Taiwan, Ahyong et al. (2010) designated Paralomis aculeatus as the type species of Leptolithodes. {12} Benedict (1895) established the genus Pristopus, which he considered similar to Leptolithodes. To Pristopus, Benedict assigned Henderson s Paralomis formosa and his own new species Pristopus verrilli. Again, Benedict did not designate a type species. Ahyong et al. (2010) designated Paralomis verrilli as the type species of Pristopus. {13} The specific epithet, gowlettholmes, is treated as a noun in apposition by the author, and is correct as written (Ahyong, per. comm.). {14} Birstein & Vinogradov (1972) described their new species as Paralomis longidactylus, the us ending being correct for a masculine noun. However, Takeda et al. (1984) changed the specific ending to a, presumably because the generic name Paralomis is feminine. The original spelling has been retained (ICZN Art. 32.2); dactylus is a noun and as such, need not agree in gender with its generic name (ICZN Art ). {15} Authorship of Rhinolithodes biscayensis, a synonym of Paralomis microps, was credited to A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier (1894a) by Bouvier (1896), an error repeated by Dawson (1989), and to A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier (1900) by Dawson & Yaldwyn (1985). As pointed out by Macpherson (1988b) the original description of the species by the two authors was never published. The first published description and illustrations were presented by Bouvier (1895); no mention was made of co-authorship, thus the species is correctly attributed to Bouvier. SUPERFAMILY LOMISOIDAE BOUVIER, 1895 Family Lomisidae Bouvier, 1895 = Lomisinés Bouvier 1894 (not Latin, not valid name) {1} 15

12 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea = Lomisidae Bouvier 1895 = Lomidae Glassner, 1969 (incorrect stem) Lomis H. Milne Edwards, 1837 = Porcellana hirta (type species Porcellana hirta Lamarck, 1818, by monotypy; gender feminine) Lomis hirta (Lamarck, 1818) [Porcellana] NOTES {1} Lemaitre & McLaughlin (2009) erred when they corrected the date for the Lomisoidea from 1895 to They were citing the date that Bouvier published the family group name in the French vernacular, but that was not a valid name. Only when the name was Latinized by Bouvier in 1895 did it become an acceptable family-group name. SUPERFAMILY PAGUROIDEA LATREILLE, 1802 Family Coenobitidae Dana, 1851 Birgus Leach, 1816 {1} = Birgus Leach (type species Cancer latro Linnaeus, 1767, by monotypy; gender masculine) Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767) [Cancer] = Cancer crumenatus Rumphius, 1705 (pre-linnean name; not valid) = Cancer crumenatus orientalis Seba, 1759 {2} = Cancer (Astacus) latro Linnaeus, 1767 = Birgus laticauda Latreille, 1829 Coenobita Latreille, 1829 {3} = Coenobita Latreille, 1829 (type species Pagurus clypeatus Fabricius, 1787, by monotypy, gender masculine) {4} = Eremita Osbeck, 1765 (type species Eremita javanica Osbeck, 1765, by monotypy) {4} = Carcinion Jarocki, 1825 (type species Pagurus clypeatus Olivier = Coenobita olivieri Owen, 1839, by monotypy) {4} = Coénbite Latreille, 1825 (not Latin, unavailable name) = Cenobites Berthold 1827 (type species Pagurus clypeatus Fabricius, 1787, by monotypy) {4} = Cenobita H. Milne Edwards 1837 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) Coenobita brevimanus Dana, 1852 = Cenobita clypeata var. brevimanus Dana, 1852 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Coenobita hilgendorfi Terao 1913 (unnecessary replacement name) {5} = Coenobita clypeata var. puerto-galerae Yap- Chiongco, 1938 Coenobita carnescens Dana, 1851 = Cenobita carnescens Dana, 1851 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858 = Cenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Coenobita baltzeri Neumann, 1878 Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius, 1787) [Pagurus] {6}{8} = Cancellus Terrestris Bahamensis Catesby, 1743 (pre-linnean name, not valid) {7} Coenobita compressus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 = Cenobita compressa H. Milne Edwards, 1836 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Cenobita intermedia Streets, 1871 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Cenobita panamensis Streets, 1871 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) Coenobita compta White, 1847 (nomen nudum) {9} Coenobita laeviuscula White, 1847 (nomen nudum) {9} Coenobita longitarsis De Man, 1902 Coenobita olivieri Owen, 1839 = Caenobita olivieri Owen, 1839 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) Coenobita perlatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 = Cenobita perlata H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Coenobita perlatus var. affi nis Miers, 1880 Coenobita purpureus Stimpson, 1858 = Cenobita purpurea Stimpson, 1858 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) Coenobita pseudorugosus Nakasone, 1988 Coenobita rubescens Greeff, 1884 Coenobita rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 = Cenobita rugosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Coenobita subrugosa Neumann, 1878 = Coenobita rugosa var. wagneri Doflein, 1900 Coenobita scaevola (Forskål, 1775) [Cancer] = Coenobita rugosa var. Jousseaumi Bouvier, 1890 = Coenobita rugosa var. granulata Bouvier, 1890 Coenobita spinosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 = Cenobita spinosa H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Cenobita brunnea Dana, 1851 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) = Birgus hirsutus Hess, 1865 Coenobita variabilis Mc Culloch, 1909 Coenobita violascens Heller, 1862 = Cenobita violascens Heller, 1862 (incorrect spelling of Coenobita) NOTES {1} The date of publication usually given for Birgus is But as pointed out by Davie (2002) while the volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, London is dated 1815, the actual publication date is 24 January

13 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 {2} The publication date for volume 3 of Seba Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri routinely was given as 1761 by carcinologists and 1758 by ichthyologists. However, Holthuis (1969) demonstrated conclusively that the correct date for the original publication was A title reprint edition was published in {3} Morgan & Holthuis (1989) pointed out that while some authors routinely considered Coenobita masculine, a similar number thought it to be feminine. Thus the literature is sprinkled with reports of the same specific names ending in us or a depending upon the author(s). As explained by Morgan & Holthuis, Coenobita is later ecclesiastical Latin, meaning a monk, and while the majority of Latin names ending in a are feminine in gender, Coenobita is masculine. Consequently, the correct ending for species-group names in Coenobita is the masculine suffix us. {4} Morgan & Holthuis (1988), concerned that generic name Coenobita might be replaced by one of three existing senior, but obscure, synonyms, applied to the International Commission for conservation of the name Coenobita. They argued: 1) Although Jarocki s (1825) Carcinion was a senior objective synonym, it was an entirely forgotten name whose reintroduction would cause considerable undesirable confusion; 2) Berthold s (1827) Cenobites was simply a translation of Latreille s (1825) vernacular Cénobite and its reintroduction into carcinological literature would result in great confusion. Osbeck s (1765) Eremita posed a somewhat different problem. Despite the generalities of Osbeck s description, which could justify Eremita s possible status as a nomen dubium, the name is the oldest name ever applied to a hermit crab thus posing a serious threat to paguroid nomenclature. In Opinion 1575, March 1990, the Commission placed Coenobita and its type species, C. clypeatus, on the Official List of Valid Names in Zoology, and the names Carcinion, Cenobites and Eremita with its type species E. javanick Osbeck, 1765, on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Names in Zoology. {5} Terao (1913) proposed the replacement name, C. hilgendorfi for Coenobita clypeatus sensu Latreille (1826), stating: on Hilgendorf s authority we learn that Cancer clypeatus Herbst (1791) is not identical with Latreille s Coenobita clypeata (1826) but is the same as Coenobita diogenes M. Edwards (1837). Since, now, this C. clypeatus (Herbst) is clearly a species distinct from C. clypeata Latr., the latter must receive a new specific name. However, Terao s (1913) interpretation of C. clypeatus was based on a misidentification of C. clypeatus (= C. brevimanus). {6} Until recently, considerable confusion has existed regarding the correct authorship of Coenobita clypeatus. For example, Latreille (1826) and H. Milne Edwards (1837) credited Herbst (1791), whereas Hilgendorf (1869) believed the author to be H. Milne Edwards (1837) and Rathbun (1919) attributed the species to Latreille, but incorrectly cited with date and reference to Olivier (1811). The correct author is Fabricius (1787). {7} Catesby s initial publication is usually cited with the date 1754, which is the date of the second edition. Catesby s (1743, pl. 33, figs. 1, 2) illustrations were reproduced by Latreille (1818) as Pagurus diogenes Linnaeus. {8} Not only has authorship of Coenobita clypeatus been a problem, the actual identity of the species has been as well, although the problem went unrecognized for two hundred years. Fabricius (1787) based his description of the species on Herbst s (1791), at the time unpublished, illustrations of two specimens reported to be from the East Indies. Subsequent carcinologists incorrectly assumed that both figures represented the same specimen, one simply an enlargement. In a review Herbst s collection in the Naturhistorisches Forschungsinstitut Museum für Naturkunde zu Berlin, Hilgendorf (1869) was convinced that the two specimens of Coenobita present in the collection did not represent C. clypeatus. As a result of his inaccurate interpretation of the taxon, Hilgendorf concluded that Herbst (1791) had erred in citing the type locality. He corrected the type locality to West Indies. Although the West Indian Coenobita had been known for many years as Coenobita diogenes (Linnaeus), Rathbun (1919) pointed out that Linnaeus (1758) Pagurus diogenes represented a species of the marine genus Petrochirus, and she adopted Coenobita clypeatus Herbst for the terrestrial species. It was not until Herbst s (1791) specimens were critically reexamined (McLaughlin & Holthuis, 2002) was it realized that Herbst had confounded two species, C. rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, and C violascens Heller, 1862, both Indo-Pacific taxa, under the specific name clypeatus. An application was then submitted to the ICZN to replace the two existing East Indies syntypes with a West Indies neotype. By so doing, Coenobita clypeatus, as commonly used for many years would be retained, as would the two common East Indies species. In Opinion 2052 (2003), the ICZN set aside all previous type fixations for the nominal species Pagurus clypeatus Fabricius, 1767, and designated the Caribbean specimen USNM as the neotype. Additionally, Pagurus clypeatus Fabricius, 1787, was added to the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, with an endorsement recording that the species is defined by its designated neotype. Cenobita rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, and Cenobita violascens were similarly added to the Official List. {9} In his list of Crustacea in the British Museum, Adam White (1847: 59 62) listed as new species, Coenobita compta from the collection of Mr. Broderip, and 17

14 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Coenobita laeviuscula from Port Essington. Neither taxon was described nor illustrated and mention of neither could be found in any of White s other publications. Family Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892 Allodardanus Haig & Provenzano, 1965 = Allodardanus Haig & Provenzano, 1965 (type species Allodardanus rugosus Haig & Provenzano, 1965, by original designation; gender masculine) Allodardanus bredini Haig & Provenzano, 1965 Allodardanus midas McLaughlin & Gore, 1985 Allodardanus rugosus Haig & Provenzano, 1965 Aniculus Dana, 1852 = Aniculus Dana, 1852 (type species Pagurus aniculus Fabricius, 1787, by original designation; gender masculine) Aniculus aniculus (Fabricius, 1787) = Aniculus typicus Dana, 1852 Aniculus elegans Stimpson, 1858 = Aniculus longitarsis Streets, 1871 Aniculus erythraeus Forest, 1984 Aniculus hopperae McLaughlin & Hoover, 1996 Aniculus maximus Edmondson, 1952 Aniculus miyakei Forest, 1984 Aniculus retipes Lewinsohn, 1982 Aniculus sibogae Forest, 1984 Aniculus ursus (Olivier, 1812) [Pagurus] {1} Aeropaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010 = Aeropaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2010 (type species Pagurus setosus Filhol, 1885 by original designation; gender masculine) (replacement name) {2} = Stratiotes Thomson, 1899 (junior homonym of Stratiotes Putzeys, 1846, Coleoptera) Areopaguristes abbreviatus (Dechancé, 1963) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes breviantennatus (Rahayu, 2005) [Stratiotes] Areopaguristes cyanops (Forest, 1978) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes diffi cilis (Forest, 1952) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes engyops (Barnard, 1947) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes hewatti (Wass, 1963) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes hispidus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes hummi (Wass, 1955) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes iris (Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes japonicus (Miyake, 1961) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes mclaughlinae (Ayón Parente & Hendrickx, 2006) [Stratiotes] Areopaguristes micheleae (Rahayu, 2005) [Stratiotes] Areopaguristes ngochoae (Rahayu, 2005) [Stratiotes] Areopaguristes nigroapiculus (Komai, 2009) [Stratiotes] Areopaguristes orbis (Komai, 2009) [Stratiotes] Areopaguristes perspicax (Nobili, 1906) [Paguristes] = Paguristes jousseaumii var. perspicax Nobili, 1906 Areopaguristes pilosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] Areopaguristes rubrodiscus (Forest, 1952) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes setosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] = Pagurus setosus Filhol, 1885 Areopaguristes taenia (Komai, 1999) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes tuberculatus (Whitelegge, 1900) [Paguristes] Areopaguristes virilis (Forest, 1952) [Paguristes] Bathynarius Forest, 1989 = Bathynarius Forest, 1989 (type species Clibanarius anomalus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893, by original designation; gender masculine) Bathynarius albicinctus (Alcock, 1905) [Clibanarius] Bathynarius anomalus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Clibanarius] Bathynarius izuensis Komai & Takeda, 2004 Bathynarius pacifi cus Forest, 1993 Bathynarius wolffi Forest, 1993 Calcinus Dana, 1851 {3} = Calcinus Dana, 1851 (type species Cancer tibicen Herbst, 1791, by original designation; gender masculine) Calcinus albengai Poupin & Lemaitre, 2003 Calcinus anani Poupin & McLaughlin, 1998 Calcinus argus Wooster, 1984 Calcinus californiensis Bouvier, 1898 Calcinus chilensis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] {4} Calcinus dapsiles Morgan, 1989 Calcinus elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] =? Pagurus fasciatus Bell, 1853 {5} Calcinus explorator Boone, 1930 Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] Calcinus gouti Poupin, 1997 Calcinus guamensis Wooster, 1984 Calcinus haigae Wooster, 1984 Calcinus hakahau Poupin & McLaughlin, 1998 Calcinus hazletti Haig & McLaughlin, 1984 Calcinus imperialis Whitelegge, 1901 Calcinus inconspicuus Morgan, 1991 Calcinus isabellae Poupin, 1997 Calcinus kurozumii Asakura & Tachikawa, 2000 Calcinus laevimanus (Randall, 1840) [Pagurus] = Pagurus tibicen H. Milne Edwards, 1836 (preoccupied name) = Pagurus lividus H. Milne Edwards, 1848 = Calcinus herbstii De Man, 1887 Calcinus latens (Randall, 1840) [Pagurus] = Pagurus cristimanus H. Milne Edwards, 1848 = Calcinus intermedius De Man, 1881 = Calcinus terrae-reginae Haswell, 1882 = Calcinus abrolhensis Morgan, 1988 {6} Calcinus laurentae Haig & McLaughlin, 1984 Calcinus lineapropodus Morgan & Forest,

15 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Calcinus mclaughlinae Poupin & Bouchard, 2006 Calcinus minutus Buitendijk, 1937 Calcinus morgani Rahayu & Forest, 1999 = Calcinus areolatus Rahayu & Forest, 1999 Calcinus nitidus Heller, 1865 Calcinus obscurus Stimpson, 1859 {7} Calcinus orchidae Poupin, 1997 Calcinus paradoxus Bouvier, 1922 {8} Calcinus pascuensis Haig, 1974 Calcinus pulcher Forest, 1958 Calcinus revi Poupin & McLaughlin, 1998 Calcinus rosaceus Heller, 1861 Calcinus seurati Forest, 1951 Calcinus sirius Morgan, 1991 Calcinus spicatus Forest, 1951 Calcinus talismani A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 Calcinus tibicen (Herbst, 1791) [Cancer] = Calcinus sulcatus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 {9} Calcinus tropidomanus Lewinsohn, 1981 Calcinus tubularis (Linnaeus, 1767) [Cancer] = Pagurus ornatus Roux, 1830 = Clibanarius rouxi Heller, 1863 Calcinus urabaensis Campos & Lemaitre, 1994 Calcinus vachoni Forest, 1958 Calcinus vanninii Gherardi & McLaughlin, 1994 Calcinus verrillii (Rathbun, 1901) [Clibanarius] Cancellus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 = Cancellus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 (type species Cancellus typus H. Milne Edwards, 1836, by original designation; gender masculine) Cancellus canaliculatus (Herbst, 1804) [Cancer] Cancellus frontalis Forest & McLaughlin, 2000 Cancellus investigatoris Alcock, 1905 Cancellus laticoxa Forest & McLaughlin, 2000 Cancellus macrothrix Stebbing, 1924 Cancellus mayoae Forest & McLaughlin, 1998 Cancellus ornatus Benedict, 1901 Cancellus panglaoensis McLaughlin, 2008 Cancellus parfaiti A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1891 Cancellus quadraticoxa Morgan & Forest, 1991 Cancellus rhynchogonus Forest & McLaughlin, 2000 Cancellus sphaerogonus Forest & McLaughlin, 2000 Cancellus spongicola Benedict, 1901 Cancellus tanneri Faxon, 1893 Cancellus typus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 Cancellus viridis Mayo, 1973 Ciliopagurus Forest, 1995 = Ciliopagurus Forest, 1995 (type species Cancer strigatus Herbst, 1804, by original designation; gender masculine) Ciliopagurus albatrossi Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus alcocki Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus babai Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus caparti (Forest, 1952) [Trizopagurus] Ciliopagurus galzini Poupin & Malay, 2009 Ciliopagurus haigae Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus hawaiiensis (McLaughlin & Bailey-Brock, 1975) [Trizopagurus] Ciliopagurus krempfi (Forest, 1952) [Trizopagurus] Ciliopagurus liui Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus macrolepis Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus major Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus pacifi cus Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus plessisi Forest, 1955 Ciliopagurus shebae (Lewinsohn, 1969) [Trizopagurus] Ciliopagurus strigatus (Herbst, 1804) [Cancer] = Pagurus annulipes H. Milne Edwards, 1848 {10} Ciliopagurus tenebrarum (Alcock, 1905) [Aniculus] Ciliopagurus tricolor Forest, 1995 Ciliopagurus vakovako Poupin, 2001 Clibanarius Dana, 1852 = Clibanarius Dana, 1852 (type species Cancer clibanarius Herbst, 1791, by original designation; gender masculine) Clibanarius aequabilis (Dana, 1851) [Pagurus] Clibanarius africanus Aurivillus, 1898 Clibanarius albidigitus Nobili, 1901 Clibanarius ambonensis Rahayu & Forest, 1993 Clibanarius antennatus Rahayu & Forest, 1993 Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859 {11} = Clibanarius brasiliensis Dana, 1852 Clibanarius arethusa De Man, 1888 Clibanarius astathes (Stebbing, 1924) [Calcinus] Clibanarius bimaculatus (De Haan, 1849) [Pagurus] Clibanarius bistriatus Rahayu & Forest, 1993 Clibanarius boschmai Buitendijk, 1937 Clibanarius carnifex Heller, 1861 Clibanarius chapini Schmitt, 1926 {12} Clibanarius clibanarius (Herbst, 1791) [Cancer] = Clibanarius vulgaris Dana, 1852 Clibanarius cooki Rathbun, 1900 Clibanarius corallinus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] = Pagurus globosi-manus Dana, 1851 = Clibanarius corallinus var. spinatus Yap- Chiongco, 1938 Clibanarius cruentatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] Clibanarius danai Rahayu & Forest, 1993 Clibanarius demani Buitendijk, 1937 Clibanarius digueti Bouvier, 1898 Clibanarius englaucus Ball & Haig, 1972 Clibanarius elongatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] {13} Clibanarius erythropus (Latreille, 1818) [Pagurus] = Pagurus misanthropus Risso, 1827 Clibanarius eurysternus (Hilgendorf, 1879) [Pagurus] Clibanarius fonticola McLaughlin & Murray, 1990 Clibanarius foresti Holthuis, 1959 Clibanarius harisi Rahayu, 2003 Clibanarius hirsutimanus Kobjakova, 1971{14} Clibanarius humilis (Dana, 1851) [Pagurus] Clibanarius inaequalis (De Haan, 1849) [Pagurus] Clibanarius infraspinatus (Hilgendorf, 1869) [Pagurus] Clibanarius janethaigae Hendrickx & Esparza-Haro,

16 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Clibanarius laevimanus Buitendijk, 1937 Clibanarius lineatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] {15} = Clibanarius panamensis (Stimpson, 1859) = Clibanarius lordi Miers, 1877 Clibanarius longitarsus (De Haan, 1849) [Pagurus] =? Pagurus asper H. Milne Edwards, 1848 Clibanarius merguiensis De Man, 1888 {16} = Clibanarius aequabilis var. merguiensis De Man, 1888 = Clibanarius misanthropus var. merguiensis De Man, 1888 Clibanarius nathi Chopra & Das, 1940 Clibanarius olivaceus Henderson, 1915 Clibanarius pacifi cus Stimpson, 1858 {17} Clibanarius padavensis De Man, 1888 Clibanarius ransoni Forest, 1953 Clibanarius rhabdodactylus Forest, 1953 = Clibanarius zebra var. rhabdodactylus Forest, 1953 Clibanarius rosewateri Manning & Chace, 1990 {18} Clibanarius rubroviria Rahayu, 1999 Clibanarius rutilus Rahayu, 1999 Clibanarius sachalinicus Kobjakova, 1955 {19} Clibanarius sclopetarius (Herbst, 1796) [Cancer] = Pagurus tuberculosus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 = Pagurus cubensis de Saussure, 1858 = Clibanarius carnescens Miers, 1877 = Clibanarius formosus Ives, 1892 Clibanarius senegalensis Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892 Clibanarius serenei Rahayu & Forest, 1993 Clibanarius signatus Heller, 1861 = Clibanarius semistriatus Heller, 1862 Clibanarius similis Rahayu & Forest, 1993 Clibanarius snelliusi Buitendijk, 1937 Clibanarius striolatus Dana, 1852 Clibanarius taeniatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] Clibanarius tricolor (Gibbes, 1850) [Pagurus] = Clibanarius hebes Verrill, 1908 = Clibanarius brachyops Bouvier, 1918 Clibanarius virescens (Krauss, 1843) [Pagurus] = Clibanarius philippinensis Yap-Chiongco, in Estampador, 1937 Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc, 1802) [Pagurus] = Pagurus symmetricus Randall, 1840 = Clibanarius cayennensis Miers, 1877 = Clibanarius speciosus Miers, 1877 Clibanarius willeyi Southwell, 1910 {20} Clibanarius zebra Dana, 1852 [Pagurus] Dardanus Paul son, 1875 {21} = Dardanus Paul son, 1875 (type species Pagurus depressus Heller, 1861, by original designation) = Pagurias Benedict, 1901 (unnecessary replacement name) Dardanus arrosor (Herbst, 1796) [Cancer] = Aniculus chiltoni Thompson, 1930 Dardanus aspersus (Berthold, 1846) [Pagurus] = Pagurus diogenes De Haan, 1849 Dardanus australis Forest & Morgan, 1991 Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1962 Dardanus calidus (Risso, 1827) [Pagurus] =? Cancer hungarus Herbst, 1791{22} Dardanus callichela Cook, 1989 Dardanus corrugatus Cook, 1989 Dardanus crassimanus (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] = Pagurus sculptipes Stimpson, 1858 = Pagurus pavimentatus Hilgendorf, 1879 Dardanus dearmatus (Henderson, 1888) [Pagurus] Dardanus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] = Pagurus cavipes White, 1847 (nomen nudum) = Pagurus cavipes White 1847 = Pagurus cultratus White, 1847 (nomen nudum) =? Glaucothoe carinata Henderson, 1888 {23} Dardanus fucosus Biffar & Provenzano, 1972 Dardanus gemmatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] Dardanus guttatus (Olivier, 1812) [Pagurus] {1} =? Pagurus catephractus Boone, 1935 {24} Dardanus hessii (Miers, 1884) [Pagurus] Dardanus imbricatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] Dardanus imperator (Miers, 1881) [Pagurus] Dardanus impressus (De Haan, 1849) [Pagurus] Dardanus insignis (de Saussure, 1858) [Pagurus] = Aniculus arrosor var. petersi A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 Dardanus jacquesi Asakura & Hirayama, 2002 Dardanus janethaigae Ayón Parente & Hendrickx, 2009 Dardanus lagopodes (Forskål, 1775) [Cancer] = Pagurus sanguinolentus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 = Pagurus affi nis H. Milne Edwards, 1836 = Pagurus euopsis Dana, 1852 = Pagurus depressus Heller, 1861 = Dardanus helleri Paul son, 1875 Dardanus longior Asakura, 2006 Dardanus magdalenensis Ayón Parente & Hendrickx, 2009 Dardanus megistos (Herbst, 1804) [Cancer] = Pagurus punctulatus Miers, 1879 = Dardanus jordani Schmitt, 1921{25} Dardanus nudus Ayón Parente & Hendrickx, 2009 Dardanus pectinatus (Ortmann, 1892) [Pagurus] = Pagurus arrosor var. pectinata Ortmann, 1892 Dardanus pedunculatus (Herbst, 1804) [Cancer] = Pagurus asper De Haan, 1849 = Dardanus haani Rathbun, 1903 = Neopagurus horai Kamalaveni, 1950 Dardanus pilosus Ayón Parente & Hendrickx, 2009 Dardanus robustus Asakura, 2006 Dardanus rufus Buitendijk, 1937 Dardanus sanguinocarpus Degener, 1925 Dardanus scutellatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] = Pagurus fabimanus Dana, 1852 = Pagurus watasei Terao,

17 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Dardanus setifer (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] Dardanus sinistripes (Stimpson, 1859) [Pagurus] = Pagurus peruensis Balss, 1921 Dardanus squarrosus Cook, 1989 Dardanus stimpsoni Ayón Parente & Hendrickx, 2009 Dardanus sulcatus Edmondson, 1925 Dardanus tinctor (Forskål, 1775) [Cancer] = Pagurus varipes Heller, 1861 Dardanus umbella Asakura, 2006 Dardanus undulatus (Balss, 1921) [Pagurus] Dardanus venosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] = Pagurus arrosor var. divergens Moreira, 1905 {26} Dardanus vulnerans (Thallwitz, 1892) [Pagurus] Dardanus woodmasoni (Alcock, 1905) [Pagurus] Diogenes Dana, 1851 = Diogenes Dana, 1851 [type species Pagurus miles Fabricius, 1787, by subsequent designation by Dana (1852); gender masculine] {27} Diogenes alias McLaughlin & Holthuis, 2001 {28} Diogenes avarus Heller, 1865 Diogenes bicristimanus Alcock, 1905 Diogenes biramus Morgan, 1987 Diogenes brevirostris Stimpson, 1858 Diogenes capricorneus Grant & McCulloch, 1907 Diogenes costatus Henderson, 1893 Diogenes crosnieri Dechancé, 1964 Diogenes custos (Fabricius, 1798) [Pagurus] = Diogenes affi nis Henderson, 1893 Diogenes defl ectomanus Wang & Tung, 1980 Diogenes denticulatus Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892 = Diogenes pugilator var. cristata Balss, 1921 =? Diogenes pugilator var. subcristata Balss, 1921 Diogenes dorotheae Morgan & Forest, 1991 Diogenes dubius (Herbst, 1804) [Cancer] Diogenes edwardsii (De Haan, 1849) [Pagurus] Diogenes extricatus Stebbing, 1910 Diogenes fasciatus Rahayu & Forest, 1995 Diogenes foresti Rahayu & Hortle, 2002 Diogenes goniochirus Forest, 1956 Diogenes granulatus Miers, 1880 Diogenes guttatus Henderson, 1888 Diogenes inglei McLaughlin & Clark, 1997 Diogenes investigatoris Alcock, 1905 Diogenes izananiae Asakura, 2006 Diogenes jousseaumei (Bouvier, 1897) [Troglopagurus] = Diogenes setocristatus Morgan & Forest, 1991 = Diogenes stenops Morgan & Forest, 1991 Diogenes jubatus (Nobili, 1903) [Troglopagurus] = Diogenes platyops Rahayu & Forest, 1995 Diogenes karwarensis Nayak & Neelakantan, 1989 Diogenes klaasi Rahayu & Forest, 1995 Diogenes laevicarpus Rahayu, 1996 Diogenes lanaris Yap-Chiongco, in Estampador, 1937 Diogenes leptocerus Forest, 1956 Diogenes lophochir Morgan, 1989 Diogenes maclaughlinae Nayak & Neelakantan, 1985 Diogenes manaarensis (Henderson, 1893) [Troglopagurus] Diogenes merguiensis De Man, 1888 Diogenes mercatoris Forest, 1952 Diogenes miles (Fabricius, 1787) [Pagurus] = Pagurus diaphanus Fabricius, 1798 Diogenes mixtus Lanchester, 1902 = Diogenes intermedius De Man, 1892 (preoccupied name) = Diogenes hainanica Wang & Dong, 1977 = Diogenes plavoeti McLaughlin & Clark, 1997 Diogenes moosai Rahayu & Forest, 1995 Diogenes nitidimanus Terao, 1913 Diogenes ovatus Miers, 1881 = Diogenes pugilator var. ovata Miers, 1881 Diogenes pallescens Whitelegge, 1897 = Diogenes gardineri Alcock, 1905 = Diogenes serenei Forest, 1956 Diogenes paracristimanus Wang & Dong, 1977 Diogenes patae Asakura & Godwin, 2006 Diogenes penicillatus Stimpson, 1858 Diogenes persicus (Nobili, 1905) [Troglopagurus] Diogenes planimanus Henderson, 1893 = Diogenes custos var. planimanus Henderson, 1893 Diogenes pugilator Roux, 1828 = Pagurus algarbiensis Brito Capello, 1875 = Pagurus arenarius Lucas, 1846 = Pagurus Bocagii Brito Capello, 1875 = Pagurus curvimanus Clément, 1874 = Pagurus dillwynii Bate, 1851 = Diogenes pugilator var. gracillima Balss 1921 (misspelling of gracillimanuus) = Diogenes varians var. gracillimanus Miers, 1881 = Diogenes intermedius Bouvier, 1891 = Pagurus Lafonti Fischer, 1872 = Pagurus ponticus Kessler, 1860 = Diogenes pugilator orientalis Codreanu & Balcesco, 1968 Diogenes rectimanus Miers, 1884 Diogenes senex Heller, 1865 Diogenes serripes (Costa, 1838) {29} Diogenes spinicarpus Rahayu & Forest, 1995 Diogenes spinifrons (De Haan, 1849) Diogenes spinulimanus Miers, 1880 Diogenes tomentosus Wang & Tung, 1980 Diogenes tirmiziae Siddiqui & McLaughlin, 2003 Diogenes tumidus Rahayu & Forest, 1995 Diogenes viridis Haig & Ball, 1988 Diogenes violaceus Henderson, 1893 Diogenes waltairensis Kamalaveni, 1950 = Diogenes custos var. waltairensis Kamalaveni, 1950 Isocheles Stimpson, 1858 = Isocheles Stimpson, 1858 (type species Bernhardus aequimanus Dana, 1852, by original designation; gender masculine) 21

18 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea = Holopagurus Holmes, 1900 (type species Holopagurus pilosus Holmes, 1900, by original designation; gender masculine) Isocheles aequimanus (Dana, 1852) [Bernhardus] Isocheles pacificus Bouvier, 1907 = Isocheles Wurdemanni var. pacifi cus Bouvier, 1907 Isocheles pilosus (Holmes, 1900) [Holopagurus] Isocheles sawayai Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Isocheles wurdemanni Stimpson, 1859 Loxopagurus Forest, 1964 = Loxopagurus Forest, 1964 (type species Pagurus loxochelis Moreira, 1901, by original designation; gender masculine) Loxopagurus loxochelis (Moreira, 1901) [Pagurus] Paguristes Dana, 1851 = Paguristes Dana, 1851 (type species Paguristes hirtus Dana, 1851, by subsequent designation by Stimpson, 1858; gender masculine) = Pagurites Lörenthey & Beurlen, 1929 (misspelling of Paguristes) Paguristes acanthomerus Ortmann, 1892 Paguristes aciculus Grant, 1905 Paguristes agulhasensis Forest, 1954 Paguristes albimaculatus Komai, 2001 Paguristes alegrias Morgan, 1987 Paguristes alcocki McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2005 Paguristes anahuacus Glassell, 1938 Paguristes anomalus Bouvier, 1918 = Paguristes anaryballus Provenzano, 1965 Paguristes angustithecus McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1974 Paguristes antennarius Rahayu, 2006 Paguristes arostratus Rahayu, 2006 Paguristes aulacis Rahayu & Forest 2009 Paguristes aztatlanensis Glassell, 1937 Paguristes bakeri Holmes, 1900 =? Paguristes holmesi Glassell, 1937 {30} Paguristes balanophilus Alcock, 1905 Paguristes barbatus (Heller, 1862) [Clibanarius] Paguristes barnardi Forest, 1954 Paguristes brachyrostris Rahayu, 2006 Paguristes brevicornis (Guérin, 1830) [Pagurus] Paguristes brevirostris Baker, 1905 = Paguristes brevirostrus Mower & Shepard, 1988 (misspelling of brevirostris) Paguristes cadenati Forest, 1954 Paguristes calvus Alcock, 1905 Paguristes ciliatus Heller, 1862 Paguristes crinitimanus McLaughlin, 2008 Paguristes dampierensis McLaughlin, 2008 Paguristes depressus Stimpson, 1859 = Paguristes depressus Stimpson, 1858 (nomen nudum) Paguristes digitalis Stimpson, 1858 = Paguristes kagoshimensis Ortmann, 1892 Paguristes digueti Bouvier, 1893 Paguristes doederleini Komai, 2001 Paguristes eremita (Linnaeus, 1767) [Cancer] = Pagurus oculatus Fabricius, 1775 = Pagurus maculatus Risso, 1827 Paguristes erythrops Holthuis, 1959 Paguristes fagei Forest, 1952 Paguristes fecundus Faxon, 1893 Paguristes foresti Scelzo, 1971 Paguristes frontalis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] Paguristes gamianus (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] Paguristes geminatus McLaughlin, 2008 Paguristes gonagrus (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] Paguristes grayi Benedict, 1901 Paguristes hernancortezi McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1974 Paguristes holguinensis Manjón-Cabeza, García Raso & Martínez Iglesias, 2002 Paguristes incomitatus Alcock, 1905 Paguristes inconstans McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1975 Paguristes insularis Forest, 1966 Paguristes jalur Morgan, 1992 Paguristes jousseaumei Bouvier, 1892 = Paguristes jousseaumei var. glabra Nobili, 1906 = Paguristes jousseaumei var. intermedia Nobili, 1906 Paguristes kimberleyensis Morgan & Forest, 1991 Paguristes lapillatus McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1975 Paguristes laticlavus McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1975 Paguristes lauriei McLaughlin & Hogarth, 1998 Paguristes lewinsohni McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2005 Paguristes limonensis McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1975 Paguristes longirostris Dana, 1851 Paguristes longisetosus Morgan, 1987 Paguristes lymani A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 Paguristes maclaughlinae Martinez-Iglesias & Gómez, 1989 Paguristes macrops Rahayu & Forest, 2009 Paguristes macrotrichus Forest, 1954 Paguristes markhami Sandberg, 1996 Paguristes marocanus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 Paguristes mauritanicus Bouvier, 1906 Paguristes meloi Nucci & Hebling, 2004 Paguristes microphthalmus Forest, 1952 Paguristes miyakei Forest & McLaughlin, 1998 Paguristes moorei Benedict, 1901 Paguristes mundus Alcock, 1905 Paguristes ocellus Komai, 2010 Paguristes oculiviolaceus Glassell, 1937 Paguristes ortmanni Miyake, 1978 Paguristes oxyacanthus Forest, 1952 Paguristes oxyophthalmus Holthuis, 1959 Paguristes palythophilus Ortmann, 1892 Paguristes paraguanensis McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1975 Paguristes parvus Holmes,

19 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Paguristes pauciparus Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Paguristes petalodactylus Rahayu, 2007 Paguristes perplexus McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1974 Paguristes perrieri Bouvier, 1895 Paguristes planatus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 Paguristes praedator Glassell, 1937 Paguristes pugil McCulloch, 1913 Paguristes puncticeps Benedict, 1901 Paguristes puniceus Henderson, 1896 = Paguristes puniceus var. unispinosa Balss, 1912 Paguristes purpureantennatus Morgan, 1987 Paguristes pusillus Henderson, 1896 Paguristes robustus Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Paguristes rostralis Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Paguristes rubropictus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 = Paguristes maculatus var. rubro-picta A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 = Paguristes oculatus var. brunneo-pictus A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier, 1900 Paguristes runyanae Haig & Ball, 1988 Paguristes sanguinimanus Glassell, 1938 Paguristes sayi A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 Paguristes seminudus Stimpson, 1858 Paguristes sericeus A. Milne Edwards, 1880 = Paguristes rectifrons Benedict, 1901 = Paguristes tenuirostris Benedict, 1901 Paguristes simplex Rahayu & McLaughlin, 2006 Paguristes sinensis Tung & Wang, 1966 {31} Paguristes skoogi Odhner, 1923 Paguristes spectabilis McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1975 Paguristes spinipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 = Paguristes armatus Hay, 1917 = Paguristes visor Henderson, 1888 Paguristes squamosus McCulloch, 1913 Paguristes starcki Provenzano, 1965 Paguristes streaensis Pastore, 1984 Paguristes subpilosus Henderson, 1888 Paguristes sulcatus Baker, 1905 Paguristes syrtensis de Saint Laurent, 1971 Paguristes tomentosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] Paguristes tortugae Schmitt, 1933 Paguristes tosaensis Komai, 2010 Paguristes triangulatus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 Paguristes triangulopsis Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Paguristes triton McLaughlin, 2008 Paguristes turgidus (Stimpson, 1857) [Clibanarius] = Paguristes turgides Gordan, 1956 (misspelling of turgidus) Paguristes ulreyi Schmitt, 1921 = Paguristes occator Glassell, 1937 Paguristes versus Komai, 2001 Paguristes wassi Provenzano, 1961 Paguristes weddellii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] = Paguristes hirtus Dana, 1851 Paguristes werdingi Campos & Sanchez, 1995 Paguristes zebra Campos & Sanchez, 1995 Paguristes zhejiangensis Wang & Tung, 1982 = Paguristes pusillus zhejiangensis Wang & Tung, 1982 Paguropsis Henderson, 1888 = Paguropsis Henderson, 1888 (type species Paguropsis typicus Henderson, 1888, by monotypy; gender feminine) = Chlaenopagurus Alcock, 1899 (type species Chlaenopagurus andersoni Alcock 1899, by monotypy; gender masculine) Paguropsis typica Henderson, 1888 {32} = Paguropsis andersoni (Alcock, 1899) [Chlaenopagurus] {33} Petrochirus Stimpson, 1858 = Petrochirus Stimpson, 1858 (type species Pagurus granulatus Olivier, 1812, by original designation; gender masculine) Petrochirus californiensis Bouvier, 1895 Petrochirus diogenes (Linnaeus, 1758) [Cancer] {34} = Petrochirus bahamensis (Herbst, 1791) [Cancer] = Petrochirus granulatus (Olivier, 1812) [Pagurus] {1} Petrochirus pustulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) [Pagurus] = Isocheles gracilis Miers, 1881 = Petrochirus cavitarius Osorio, 1887 Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin, 2002 = Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin, 2002 (type species Pseudopaguristes janetkae McLaughlin, 2002, by original designation; gender masculine) Pseudopaguristes araeos Rahayu, 2007 Pseudopaguristes asper Rahayu, 2005 Pseudopaguristes bicolor Asakura & Kosuge, 2004 Pseudopaguristes bollandi Asakura & McLaughlin, 2003 Pseudopaguristes calliopsis (Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968) [Paguristes] Pseudopaguristes hians (Henderson, 1888) [Paguristes] = Diogenes desipiens Lanchester, 1902 Pseudopaguristes invisisacculus (McLaughlin & Provenzano, 1974) [Paguristes] Pseudopaguristes janetkae McLaughlin, 2002 Pseudopaguristes kuekenthali (De Man, 1902) [Paguristes] Pseudopaguristes laurentae (Morgan & Forest, 1991) [Paguristes] = Paguristes brachytes Komai, 1999 = Pseudopaguristes gracilis Rahayu, 2005 Pseudopaguristes monoporus (Morgan, 1987) [Paguristes] Pseudopaguristes shidarai Asakura,

20 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Pseudopagurus Forest, 1952 = Pseudopagurus Forest, 1952 (type species Pagurus granulimanus Miers, 1881, by original designation; masculine) Pseudopagurus granulimanus (Miers, 1881) Pseudopagurus biafrensis (Monod, 1927) Strigopagurus Forest, 1995 = Strigopagurus Forest, 1995 (type species Pagurus strigimanus White, 1847, by original designation; gender masculine) Strigopagurus bilineatus Forest, 1995 Strigopagurus boreonotus Forest, 1995 = Clibanarius multipunctatus Wang & Tung, 1986 Strigopagurus elongatus Forest, 1995 Strigopagurus poupini Forest, 1995 Strigopagurus strigimanus (White, 1847) [Pagurus] = Pagurus strigimanus White, 1847 (nomen nudum) Tisea Forest & Morgan, 1991 = Tisea Forest & Morgan, 1991 (type speciestisea grandis Forest & Morgan, 1991, by original designation; gender feminine) Tisea grandis Forest & Morgan, 1991 Trizopagurus Forest, 1952 = Trizopagurus Forest, 1952 (type species Clibanarius melitai Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892, by original designation; gender masculine) Trizopagurus melitai (Chevreux & Bouvier 1892) [Clibanarius] Trizopagurus magnificus (Bouvier, 1898) [Clibanarius] = Clibanarius chetyrkini Boone, 1932 Trizopagurus rubrocinctus Forest & Garcia Raso, 1990 Pagurus lar Heller, 1862 Incerta sedis NOTES {1} Volume 8 of Olivier s ( ) Encyclopédie Methodique (Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Méthodique) was published in two parts. Although his paguroid descriptions most frequently have been cited with the 1811 date, as pointed out by Lewinsohn (1982a), Sherborn & Woodward (1906) showed that the second part (pages and containing the Pagures ) was not published until {2} Forest & McLaughlin (2000) described in detail the confusion that had existed regarding the New Zealand species Paguristes pilosus and P. setosus and the errors made by Filhol (1885b, d) and Thomson (1899) that led to the establishment, by Thomson, of the genus Stratiotes with Pagurus setosus Filhol, 1885, as its type. Although Alcock (1905b) questionably considered Thomson s (1899) Stratiotes setosus a synonym of H. Milne Edwards Paguristes setosus, it was Forest & McLaughlin (2000) that finally placed the two taxa in synonymy. However, when Rahayu (2005) found the gill number of Paguristes species in the collection of the Muséum national d Histoire naturelle variable, she restricted Paguristes to species having 13 pairs of gills and reinstated Stratiotes for species with only 12 pairs. Unfortunately Stratiotes Thomson was found to be a junior homonym of Stratiotes Putzeys, 1846, and has been replaced by Areopaguristes Rahayu & McLaughlin, {3} A newly published molecular analysis of the genus Calcinus (Malay & Paulay, 2010) has indicated that several previously unrecognized species are distinguishable, not only at the molecular level, but also by coloration. {4) Poupin & Bouchard (2006) considered the status of C. chilensis uncertain. {5} On the authority of L. B. Holthuis, Biffar & Provenzano (1972) reported Pagurus fasciatus Bell, 1853 (as Dardanus) to be a synonym of Calcinus elegans. The enlarged left cheliped, setose ventral margins of the propodi of the ambulatory legs, and the blue banding of these legs would support this opinion. However, its reported collection site of Falmouth, England may justify Ingle s (1993) opinion that it should be regarded incerta sedis. It is entered in this checklist as a questionable synonym. {6} Although Morgan s (1988) Australian Calcinus abrolhensis proved to be conspecific with C. latens, the Hawaiian population thought to represent this latter taxon apparently represents a distinct species. {7} The date of publication for Calcinus obscurus has been given in the older literature as 1862 (e.g., Gordan, 1956). However, Stimpson s description appeared in a separate published in 1859, and that is the correct date of publication. {8} Calcinus paradoxus, represented by a single specimen was thought to represent a Calcinus species by Ingle (1993) but its placement was questioned by both the Bouvier (1922) and by Joseph Poupin (personal communication). {9} Calcinus sulcatus H. Milne Edwards, 1836, was put into synonymy with Calcinus tibicen by Hilgendorf (1869) because he thought that Herbst (1791) had erred in his type locality. It was shown by McLaughlin & Holthuis (2002) that it was Hilgendorf, not Herbst who was in error regarding Herbst s type locality for another presumed western Atlantic species, Coenobita clypeatus Herbst. Thus is possible that further examination of Herbst s material will show Calcinus sulcatus is a species distinct from C. tibicen. 24

21 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 {10} Eupagurus annulipes Stimpson, 1860, became a secondary junior homonym of Pagurus annulipes H. Milne Edwards, 1836, when the ICZN (Opinion 472) placed Eupagurus on the Officical Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology. However, Milne Edwards species had been transferred from Pagurus to Aniculus, then Trizopagurus, and finally to Ciliopagurus (Forest, 1995), and was never considered conspecific with Stimpson s (1860) taxon. Consequently, no replacement name was required. {11} Although Clibanarius antillensis Stimpson, 1859, was the acknowledged junior synonym of C. brasiliensis Dana, 1852a, Forest & de Saint Laurent (1968: 99) cited common usage as their reason for selecting Stimpson s name. {12} Clibanarius chapini was considered a subspecies of C. tricolor by Forest & de Saint Laurent (1968), a ranking dismissed by Manning & Chace (1990). {13} The status and validity of Pagurus elongatus H. Milne Edwards, 1848, are uncertain. H. Milne Edwards (1848) in his original description said that it was very close to Pagurus tuberculosus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 [= Clibanarius sclopetarius (Herbst, 1791)]; the type locality was given as the Hogolu Islands, the former name of the Truk Islands of the western Pacific. However Fize & Serène (1955) list C. tuberculosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848) among their Atlanto- Mediterranean species of Clibanarius. Clibanarius sclopetarius is a western Atlantic species. {14} The status and validity of Kobjakova s (1971) Clibanarius hirsutimanus are uncertain. {15} Rahayu & Forest (1992) determined that Clibanarius lineatus was not the Indo-Pacific species that it had been thought to be, but rather H. Milne Edwards (1848) Pagurus lineatus collected by Gaudichaud off the west coast of South America, and known regionally as Clibanarius panamensis (Stimpson, 1859). {16} Originally described as a subspecies of Clibanarius aequabilis Dana, 1851, De Man s Clibanarius aequabilis merguiensis was elevated to full specific rank by Forest (1953) when he determined that C. aequabilis was an Atlantic species. {17} Clibanarius pacifi cus is another enigmatic species. According to McLaughlin et al. (2007) the species has not been accurately reported from anywhere except the type localities of Tanegashiima and Anami-Oshima, Japan. All recent investigations by one of the authors (TK) failed to locate any specimens fitting Stimpson s (1858) description. {18} In their discussion of Clibanarius rosewateri Manning and Chace (1990: 37) used the manuscript name C. acensionis; however, the etymology for this species clearly indicated that C. acensionis was a laspus calami on the parts of the authors. {19} As with C. hirsutimanus, the status and validity of Kobjakova s (1955) Clibanarius sachalinicus are uncertain. {20} Clibanarius willeyi Southwell, 1910 appears to have been overlooked. It was not mentioned by Fize and Serène (1955) in their monographic treatment of Indo-Pacific species or by Gordan (1956) in her bibliographic account of pagurids not covered by Alcock (1905b). Whether it will prove to be a forgotten senior synonym has yet to be determined. {21} As previously mentioned, although Paul son (1875) proposed the genus Dardanus for one of the species assigned to Pagurus (sensu Dana), Paul son s genus soon thereafter was placed in synonymy with Dana s Pagurus. It was not until considerably later that Benedict (1896) realized that Dana s Pagurus contained none of the species originally assigned to the genus by Fabricius (1775). As Bernhardus had been shown to be a synonym of Eupagurus and both species had the same type species originally designated for Pagurus sensu Fabricius, Benedict (1896) urged carcinologists to return to using the name Pagurus for species then assigned to Eupagurus. However, while Benedict s recommendation was accepted by most American and Russian researchers the same was not true for most European and Asian workers. This nomenclatorial confusion was resolved only after the question of the true interpretation of Pagurus was brought before the ICZN (Forest & Holthuis, 1955). In its subsequent ruling (Opinion 472), Pagurus sensu Fabricius and Dardanus Paul son were placed on the Official Index of Valid Names in Zoology. {22} Sakai (1999) suggested that Herbst s (1791) Cancer hungarus might be conspecific with Dardanus calidus; however, the type apparently is no longer extant, and Herbst brief description is inadequate for confirmation. It is questionably included as a synonym. {23} Initially described as a distinct species, Glaucothoe carinata subsequently was shown to be the megalopal stage of a Dardanus species. Its true specific identity is not known with certainty, thus it is included only questionably in the synonymy of Dardanus deformis. {24} McLaughlin et al. (2005: 303) pointed out that Boone s species had not been found since the original description and suggested that D. cataphractus most probably was actually a specimen of D. guttatus, a species that had been reported occasionally in the Hawaiian Islands. 25

22 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea {25} In a study in progress, Manuel Ayon Parente has found evidence to indicate that Schmitt s (1921) Dardanus jordani is conspecific with Dardanus megistos. {26} Gordan (1956) gave the date for Pagurus arrosor var. divergens as 1905 and the pagination as De Melo (1999) gave the date as 1905 and pagination as 1 25; Forest & de Saint Laurent (1968) and Biffar & Provenzano (1972) gave the same pagination, but a date of The correct date is 1905 and the pagination {27} As pointed out by McLaughlin & Holthuis (2001), although Dana (1851) specified Pagurus miles as the type of the genus Diogenes, Dana s species was not P. miles of Fabricius (1787). The species had been misidentified by both H. Milne Edwards (1836) and Dana (1851, 1852a, c). Their P. miles was actually Diogenes merguiensis De Man, While the third edition of the ICZN Code required that such a misidentification be referred to the Commission, the fourth edition (1999) gave the revisers the option to fix the status of the type species. McLaughlin & Holthuis (2001) were of the opinion that the best interests of stability in nomenclature were served by retaining Diogenes miles (Fabricius, 1787) [not Diogenes miles sensu H. Milne Edwards, 1836; Dana, 1851, 1852a, c] as the type species of the genus Diogenes. {28} Holthuis (1959) determined that C. diogenes had been based on two distinct species, one the western Atlantic Petrochirus and the other an Indo-Pacific species of Coenobita. Holthuis designated the lectotype of Linnaeus (1758) composite taxon the specimen figured by Catesby (1743) of his Cancellus maximus Bahamensis, an invalid name for the taxon known as Petrochirus bahamensis (Herbst, 1791). The species reported in the literature as Pagurus diogenes Fabricius, 1787, Cancer diogenes Herbst, 1791 and Diogenes diogenes of subsequent authors was based on misidentifications of Linnaeus (1758) Cancer diogenes and was replaced by Diogenes alias McLaughlin & Holthuis, {29} This species was credited to Costa (1838) by Hope (1851) who provided a description. No description could be found in the portion of Costa s paper available. Diogenes serripes (Costa, 1838) is the name and description also given by Carus (1885). The type locality is reported as Naples. Although D. serripes has not been cited in any recent synonymy, it most probably is another name for D. pugilator. {30} Haig et al. (1970) considered P. holmesi a synonym of P. bakeri. However, Glassell s (1937) specimens can no longer be found, and Hendrickx & Harvey (1999) believe some question exists as to the accuracy of the synonymy. It is included only questionably in the synonymy of P. bakeri. {31} Studies in progress by one of the current authors (TK) indicate that Paguristes sinensis Tung & Wang, 1966, may be transferred to the genus Areopaguristes. {32} Henderson (1888) incorrectly used the masculine ending us in his original description of Paguropsis typica. {33} One of the authors (TK) has examined specimens from Kerara, India and found that Paguropsis andersoni (Alcock, 1905b) is not a synonym of P. typica and should be reinstated. {34} Holthuis (1959) demonstrated that while this species was best known as Petrochirus granulatus or P. bahamensis, the correct name was P. diogenes, described by Linnaeus (1758) as Cancer diogenes. Linnaeus (1758) Cancer diogenes actually was a composite taxon, based on the mirror image reproductions of Rumphius (1705) [1745] illustrations of an Indo-Pacific species of Coenobita and Catesby s (1743) description and figure of Cancellus maximus Bahamensis. Holthuis (1959) selected Catesby s figured specimen as the lectotype of Cancer diogenes. Herbst s (1791) Cancer bahamensis was based on Catesby s same figured specimen, thus the two species were objective synonyms. Holthuis (1959) noted that the specific name diogenes Linnaeus had not been in use for the past 40 years, so its reintroduction for the American Petrochirus species would not result in confusion. Herbst s (1791) species, bahamensis, although senior, at the time was better known by the specific name granulatus. Therefore Holthuis (1959) found no reason not to strictly follow in Rule of Priority. Family Paguridae Latreille, 1802 Acanthopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 = Acanthopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 (type species Anapagurus? dubius A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900, by original designation; gender masculine) {1} Acanthopagurus dubius (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900) [Anapagurus] = Catapaguroides macrophthalmus Bouvier, 1922 Agaricochirus McLaughlin, 1981 = Agaricochirus McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Pylopagurus boletifer A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893, by original designation; gender masculine) Agaricochirus acanthinus McLaughlin, 1982 Agaricochirus alexandri (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Pylopagurus] Agaricochirus boletifer (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Pylopagurus] Agaricochirus cavimanus (Chace, 1939) [Pylopagurus] Agaricochirus echinatus McLaughlin,

23 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Agaricochirus erosus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Eupagurus] Agaricochirus gibbosimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Eupagurus] Agaricochirus hispidus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Alainopaguroides McLaughlin, 1997 = Alainopaguroides McLaughlin, 1997 (type species Alainopaguroides lemaitrei McLaughlin, 1997, by original designation; gender masculine) Alainopaguroides andamanensis McLaughlin, 2002 Alainopaguroides lemaitrei McLaughlin, 1997 Alainopaguroides megalophthalmus McLaughlin, 2006 Alainopagurus Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1995 = Alainopagurus Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1995 (type species Alainopagurus crosnieri Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1995 by original designation; gender masculine) Alainopagurus crosnieri Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1995 Alloeopagurodes Komai, 1998 = Alloeopagurodes Komai, 1998 (type species Alloeopagurodes spiniacicula Komai, 1998, by original designation; gender masculine) Alloeopagurodes spiniacicula Komai, 1998 Anapagrides de Saint Laurent-Dechancé, 1966 = Anapagrides de Saint Laurent-Dechancé, 1966 [type species Eupagurus (Spiropagurus) facetus Melin, 1939, by original designation; gender masculine] = Nanopagurus McLaughlin, 1986 (type species Nanopagurus reesei McLaughlin, 1986, by original designation; gender masculine) Anapagrides aequalis Komai, 1999 Anapagrides facetus (Melin, 1939) [Eupagurus (Spiropagurus)] Anapagrides reesei (McLaughlin, 1986) [Nanopagurus] Anapagurus Henderson, 1886 = Anapagurus Henderson, 1886 [type species Pagurus laevis Bell, 1846, by subsequent designation by Holthuis (1962); gender masculine] Anapagurus adriaticus García-Gómez, 1994 Anapagurus alboranensis García-Gómez, 1994 Anapagurus atlantidii García-Gómez, 1994 Anapagurus bicorniger A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 Anapagurus bonnieri Nobili, 1905 Anapagurus breviaculeatus Fenizia, 1937 Anapagurus chiroacanthus (Lilljeborg, 1856) [Pagurus] = Anapagurus brevicarpus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 = Pagurus ferrugineus Norman, 1861 = Anapagurus chiroacanthus var. cristatus Fenizia, 1937 = Anapagurus chiroacanthus var. gracilis Fenizia, 1937 Anapagurus congolensis García-Gómez, 1994 Anapagurus curvidactylus Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892 Anapagurus hendersoni Barnard, 1947 Anapagurus hyndmanni (Bell, 1846) [Pagurus] {2} = Pagurus Hyndmanni Thompson, 1844 (nomen nudum) Anapagurus japonicus Ortmann, 1892 = Anapagurus pusillus var. japonicus Ortmann, 1892 Anapagurus laevis (Bell, 1846) [Pagurus] {2} = Pagurus laevis Thompson, 1844 (nomen nudum) Anapagurus longispina A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900 = Anapagurus laevis var. longispina A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier, 1900 Anapagurus petiti Dechancé & Forest, 1962 Anapagurus smythi Ingle, 1993 Anapagurus vossi García-Gómez, 1994 Anapagurus wolffi Forest, 1961 Anisopagurus McLaughlin, 1981 = Anisopagurus McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Eupagurus bartletti A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, by original designation; gender masculine) Anisopagurus actinophorus Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1996 Anisopagurus bartletti (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Eupagurus] Anisopagurus hopkinsi Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1996 Anisopagurus pygmaeus (Bouvier, 1918) [Eupagurus] Anisopagurus vossi Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1996 Bathypaguropsis McLaughlin, 1994 = Bathypaguropsis McLaughlin, 1994 (type species Bathypaguropsis yaldwyni McLaughlin, 1994, by original designation; gender feminine) Bathypaguropsis carinatus Komai & Takeda, 2004 Bathypaguropsis cruentus de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Bathypaguropsis foresti Komai & Lemaitre, 2002 Bathypaguropsis kuroshioensis (Miyake, 1978) [Pagurus] = Bathypaguropsis rahayuae McLaughlin, 1997 Bathypaguropsis marionensis McLaughlin, 1994 Bathypaguropsis microps (Balss, 1911) [Eupagurus] Bathypaguropsis yaldwyni McLaughlin, 1994 Boninpagurus Asakura & Tachikawa, 2004 = Boninpagurus Asakura & Tachikawa, 2004 (type species Boninpagurus acanthocheles Asakura & Tachikawa, 2004, by original designation; gender masculine) Boninpagurus acanthocheles Asakura & Tachikawa, 2004 {3} Bythiopagurus McLaughlin, 2003 = Bythiopagurus McLaughlin, 2003 (type species Bythiopagurus macrocolus McLaughlin, 2003 by original designation; gender masculine) Bythiopagurus macrocolus McLaughlin, 2003 Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 = Catapaguroides A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 [type species Catapaguroides microps A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892, by subsequent selection by Holthuis (1962); gender masculine] 27

24 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Catapaguroides cristimanus de Saint Laurent, 1968 Catapaguroides declivis McLaughlin, 1997 Catapaguroides foresti McLaughlin, 2002 Catapaguroides fragilis (Melin, 1939) [Eupagurus (Catapagurus)] Catapaguroides hooveri McLaughlin & Pittman, 2002 Catapaguroides iejimensis Osawa & Takeda, 2004 Catapaguroides inermis de Saint Laurent, 1968 Catapaguroides iris Bouvier, 1922 Catapaguroides japonicus de Saint Laurent, 1968 Catapaguroides karubar McLaughlin, 1997 Catapaguroides kasei Osawa & Takeda, 2004 {4} Catapaguroides megalops A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 Catapaguroides melini de Saint Laurent, 1968 Catapaguroides microps A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 {5} Catapaguroides mortenseni de Saint Laurent, 1968 Catapaguroides olfaciens (Alcock, 1905) [Cestopagurus] Catapaguroides pectinipes (Lewinsohn, 1969) [Cestopagurus] Catapaguroides setosus Edmondson, 1951 {6} Catapaguroides spinulimanus de Saint Laurent, 1968 Catapaguroides umbra Komai, 2009 Catapaguropsis Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2006 = Catapaguropsis Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2006 (type species Catapaguropsis queenslandica Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2006, by original designation; gender feminine) Catapaguropsis queenslandica Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2006 Catapaguropsis brucei McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2007 Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 {7} = Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (type species Catapagurus sharreri A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, by monotypy; gender masculine) = Hemipagurus Smith1881 [type species Hemipagurus gracilis Smith, 1881, by subsequent designation by Asakura (2001); gender masculine] {8} Catapagurus albatrossae (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] Catapagurus alcocki McLaughlin, in Hogarth et al., 1998 {9} Catapagurus danida McLaughlin, 2002 Catapagurus ensifer Henderson, 1893 Catapagurus franklinae McLaughlin, 2004 Catapagurus gracilis (Smith, 1881) [Hemipagurus] Catapagurus gracilis var. intermedius A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvi er, 1893 {10} Catapagurus granulatus Edmondson, 1951 Catapagurus haigae (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] Catapagurus hirayamai (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] Catapagurus holthuisi McLaughlin, 1997 Catapagurus imperialis (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] {11} Catapagurus insolitus Komai & Osawa, 2009 Catapagurus kosugei (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] Catapagurus lewinsohni (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] Catapagurus maclaughlinae (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] {9} Catapagurus misakiensis Terao, 1914 = Catapagurus japonicus Yokoya, 1933 Catapagurus oculocrassus McLaughlin, 1997 {11} Catapagurus sharreri A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 {12} = Hemipagurus socialis Smith, 1881 = Catapagurus socialis (Smith, 1882) = Catapagurus Sparreri Verrill, 1883 (misspelling of sharreri) = Catapagurus sharrei Abele & Kim, 1986 (misspelling of sharreri) Catapagurus spinicarpus de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Catapagurus tanimbarensis McLaughlin, 1997 Catapagurus toyoshioae (Asakura, 2001) [Hemipagurus] Catapagurus tuberculosus (Asakura, 1999) [Icelopagurus] Catapagurus sp. 1 {7} Catapagurus sp. 2 {7} Catapagurus sp. 3 {7} Catapagurus sp. 4 {7} Catapagurus sp. 5 {7} Ceratopagurus Yokoya, 1933 {13} = Ceratopagurus Yokoya, 1933 (type species Ceratopagurus pilosimanus Yokoya, 1933, by monotypy; gender masculine) Ceratopagurus pilosimanus Yokoya, 1933 Cestopagurus Bouvier, 1897 = Cestopagurus Bouvier, 1897 (type species Cestopagurus coutieri Bouvier, 1897, by monotypy; gender masculine) Cestopagurus coutieri Bouvier, 1897 Cestopagurus puniceus Komai & Takeda, 2005 Cestopagurus timidus (Roux, 1830) [Pagurus] = Catapaguroides acanthodes Fenizia, 1935 = Catapaguroides acutifrons A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 = Catapaguroides crassipes Fenizia, 1935 = Catapaguroides crassipes var. tuberculatus Fenizia, 1937 = Catapaguroides macrochirus Fenizia, 1937 = Catapaguroides macrochirus var. platichelus Fenizia, 1937 = Catapaguroides timidus var. neapolitanus Fenizia, 1937 Chanopagurus Lemaitre, 2003 = Chanopagurus Lemaitre, 2003 (type species Chanopagurus atopos Lemaitre, 2003, by original designation; gender masculine) Chanopagurus atopos Lemaitre, 2003 Cycetopagurus McLaughlin, 2004 = Cycetopagurus McLaughlin, 2004 (type species Cycetopagurus morgani McLaughlin, 2004, by original designation; gender masculine) Cycetopagurus morgani McLaughlin,

25 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Decaphyllus de Saint Laurent, 1968 = Decaphyllus de Saint Laurent, 1968 (type species Decaphyllus spinicornis de Saint Laurent, 1968, by original designation; gender feminine) Decaphyllus barunajaya McLaughlin, 1997 Decaphyllus junquai de Saint Laurent, 1968 Decaphyllus maci McLaughlin, 1997 Decaphyllus similis de Saint Laurent, 1968 Decaphyllus spinicornis de Saint Laurent, 1968 Dentalopagurus McLaughlin, 2007 = Dentalopagurus McLaughlin, 2007 (type species Dentalopagurus levii McLaughlin, 2007, by original designation; gender masculine) Dentalopagurus levii McLaughlin, 2007 Dentalopagurus rutilocinctus Osawa & Chan, 2008 Diacanthurus McLaughlin & Forest, 1997 = Diacanthurus McLaughlin & Forest, 1997 (type species Eupagurus spinulimanus Miers, 1876, by original designation; gender masculine) Diacanthurus ecphyma McLaughlin & Forest, 1997 Diacanthurus ophthalmicus (Ortmann, 1892) [Eupagurus] Diacanthurus richeri McLaughlin & Forest, 1997 Diacanthurus rubricatus (Henderson, 1888) [Eupagurus] Diacanthurus spinulimanus (Miers, 1876) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus edwardsii Filhol, 1883 = Eupagurus intermedius Lenz, 1901 = Eupagurus norae Chilton, 1911 = Eupagurus chiltoni E. F. Thompson, 1930 Discorsopagurus McLaughlin, 1974 = Discorsopagurus McLaughlin, 1974 (type species Pylopagurus schmitti Stevens, 1925, by original designation; gender masculine) Discorsopagurus cavicola Komai & Takeda, 1996 Discorsopagurus maclaughlinae Komai, 1995 Discorsopagurus schmitti (Stevens, 1925) [Pylopagurus] = Phylopagurus schmitti Hart 1930 (misspelling of Pylopagurus) Discorsopagurus tubicola Komai, 2003 Elassochirus Benedict, 1892 = Eupagurus (Elassochirus) Benedict, 1892 (type species Bernhardus tenuimanus Dana, 1851, by original designation; gender masculine) Elassochirus cavimanus (Miers, 1879) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus gotoi Terao, 1913 = Eupagurus (Elassochirus) munitus Benedict, 1892 Elassochirus gilli (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus porcellanus Molander, 1914 Elassochirus tenuimanus (Dana, 1851) [Bernhardus] Enallopaguropsis McLaughlin, 1981 = Enallopaguropsis McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Pylopagurus guatemoci Glassell, 1937, by original designation; gender feminine) Enallopaguropsis guatemoci (Glassell, 1937) [Pylopagurus] = Pylopagurus hancocki Walton, 1954 Enallopaguropsis janetae McLaughlin, 1982 Enallopaguropsis williamsi Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2003 Enallopagurus McLaughlin, 1981 = Enallopagurus McLaughlin, 1981(type species Pylopagurus spinicarpus Glassell, 1938, by original designation; gender masculine) Enallopagurus affi nis (Faxon, 1893) [Pylopagurus] Enallopagurus coronatus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Enallopagurus provenzanoi Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2003 Enallopagurus spinicarpus (Glassell, 1938) [Pylopagurus] Enneobranchus García-Gómez, 1988 = Enneobranchus García-Gómez, 1988 (type species Enneobranchus flavioculatus García-Gómez, 1988, by original designation; gender masculine) Enneobranchus bermudensis García-Gómez, 1988 Enneobranchus fl avioculatus García-Gómez, 1988 Enneobranchus markhami García-Gómez, 1988 Enneopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 = Enneopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 (type species Enneopagurus garciagomezi McLaughlin, 1997, by original designation; gender masculine) Enneopagurus garciagomezi McLaughlin, 1997 Enneophyllus McLaughlin, 1997 = Enneophyllus McLaughlin, 1997 (type species Enneophyllus spinirostris McLaughlin, 1997 by original designation; gender masculine) Enneophyllus spinirostris McLaughlin, 1997 Forestopagurus García-Gómez, 1995 = Forestopagurus García-Gómez, 1995 (type species Anapagurus drachi Forest, 1966, by original designation; gender masculine) Forestopagurus drachi (Forest, 1966) [Anapagurus] Goreopagurus McLaughlin, 1988 = Goreopagurus McLaughlin, 1988 (type species Pagurus piercei Wass, 1963 by original designation; gender masculine) Goreopagurus garthi McLaughlin & Haig, 1995 Goreopagurus piercei (Wass, 1963) [Pagurus] Goreopagurus poorei Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2003 Goreopagurus lemaitrei Nucci & de Melo, 2007 Hachijopagurus Osawa & Okuno, 2003 = Hachijopagurus Osawa & Okuno, 2003 (type species Hachijopagurus rubrimaculatus Osawa & Okuno, 2003, by original designation; gender masculine) Hachijopagurus rubrimaculatus Osawa & Okuno, 2003 Haigiopagurus McLaughlin, 2005 = Haigia McLaughlin, 1981(type species Pylopagurus diegensis Scanland & Hopkins, 1969 by original designation; gender masculine) (name preoccupied by Haigia Steyskal, 1961, Insecta) = Haigiopagurus McLaughlin, 2005 (replacement name) Haigiopagurus diegensis (Scanland & Hopkins, 1969) [Pylopagurus] 29

26 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Icelopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 = Icelopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 (type species Icelopagurus crosnieri McLaughlin, 1997, by original designation; gender masculine) Icelopagurus crosnieri McLaughlin, 1997 Icelopagurus undulatus McLaughlin, 2006 Iridopagurus de Saint Laurent-Dechancé, 1966 = Iridopagurus de Saint Laurent-Dechancé, 1966 (type species Spiropagurus iris A. Milne- Edwards, 1880, by original designation; gender masculine) Iridopagurus caribbensis (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Spiropagurus] Iridopagurus dispar (Stimpson, 1859) [Spiropagurus] = Spiropagurus dispar Stimpson, 1858 (nomen nudum) Iridopagurus globulus de Saint Laurent-Dechancé, 1966 Iridopagurus haigae García-Gómez, 1983 Iridopagurus iris (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Spiropagurus] Iridopagurus margaritensis García-Gómez, 1983 Iridopagurus occidentalis (Faxon, 1893) [Spiropagurus] Iridopagurus reticulatus García-Gómez, 1983 Iridopagurus violaceus de Saint Laurent-Dechancé, 1966 Labidochirus Benedict, 1892 = Eupagurus Labidochirus Benedict, 1892 (type species Pagurus splendescens Owen, 1839, by original designation; gender masculine) = Libidochirus Benedict, 1892 (misspelling of Labidochirus) Labidochirus anomalus (Balss, 1913) [Eupagurus] Labidochirus splendescens (Owen, 1839) [Pagurus] Lithopagurus Provenzano, 1968 = Lithopagurus Provenzano, 1968 (type species Lithopagurus yucatanicus Provenzano, 1968, by original designation; gender masculine) Lithopagurus boucheti McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2004 Lithopagurus tribulomanus McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2004 Lithopagurus yucatanicus Provenzano, 1968 Lophopagurus (Australeremus) McLaughlin, 1981 = Australeremus McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Eupagurus cookii Filhol, 1883, by original designation; gender masculine) Lophopagurus (Australeremus) cookii (Filhol, 1883) [Eupagurus] Lophopagurus (Australeremus) cristatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] Lophopagurus (Australeremus) eltaninae (McLaughlin & Gunn, 1992) [Australeremus] Lophopagurus (Australeremus) indonesiensis (McLaughlin, 1997) [Australeremus] {14} Lophopagurus (Australeremus) kirkii (Filhol, 1883) [Eupagurus] Lophopagurus (Australeremus) laurentae (McLaughlin & Gunn, 1992) [Australeremus] Lophopagurus (Australeremus) stewarti (Filhol, 1883) [Eupagurus] Lophopagurus (Australeremus) triserratus (Ortmann, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Pylopagurus serpulophilus Miyake, 1978 Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus) McLaughlin, 1981 = Lophopagurus McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Eupagurus thompsoni Filhol, 1885, by original designation; gender masculine) Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus) foresti McLaughlin & Gunn, 1992 Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus) lacertosus (Henderson, 1888) [Eupagurus] {15} = Eupagurus crenatus Borradaile, 1916 Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus) nanus (Henderson, 1888) [Eupagurus] Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus) nodulosus McLaughlin & Gunn, 1992 Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus) pumilus de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus) thompsoni (Filhol, 1885) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus thomsoni Thomson, 1898 (misspelling of thompsoni) Manucomplanus McLaughlin, 1981 = Manucomplanus McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Eupagurus ungulatus Studer, 1883, by original designation; gender masculine) Manucomplanus cervicornis (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Manucomplanus longimanus (Faxon, 1893) [Pylopagurus] Manucomplanus spinulosus (Holthuis, 1959) [Pylopagurus] = Pagurus impressus zilchi Türkay, 1968 Manucomplanus ungulatus (Studer, 1883) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus corallinus Benedict, 1892 Manucomplanus varians (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Michelopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 = Michelopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 (type species Pagurodes limatulus Henderson, 1888, by original designation; gender masculine) Michelopagurus atlanticus (Bouvier, 1922) [Pagurodes] Michelopagurus chacei McLaughlin, 1997 Michelopagurus limatulus (Henderson, 1888) [Pagurodes] Michelopagurus richardi (Bouvier, 1922) [Pagurodes] Micropagurus McLaughlin, 1986 = Micropagurus McLaughlin, 1986 (type species Micropagurus devaneyi McLaughlin, 1986, by original designation; gender masculine) Micropagurus n. sp. Lemaitre, 2010 (in press) Micropagurus acantholepis (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] = Anapagurus australiensis Henderson, 1888 Micropagurus devaneyi McLaughlin, 1986 Micropagurus polynesiensis (Nobili, 1906) [Anapagurus] = Micropagurus vexatus Haig & Ball,

27 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Micropagurus propinquus Asakura, 2005 Micropagurus spinimanus Asakura, 2005 Munidopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 = Munidopagurus A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 (type species Eupagurus macrocheles A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, by monotypy; genus masculine) Munidopagurus macrocheles (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Eupagurus] Nematopaguroides Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 = Nematopaguroides Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 (type species Nematopaguroides fagei Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968, by original designation; gender masculine) Nematopaguroides fagei Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Nematopaguroides pusillus Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Nematopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 = Nematopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 (type species Nematopagurus longicornis A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892, by monotypy; gender masculine) Nematopagurus alcocki McLaughlin, 1997 Nematopagurus australis (Henderson, 1888) [Catapagurus] Nematopagurus chanani McLaughlin, 2004 Nematopagurus chauseyensis McLaughlin, 1998 Nematopagurus crosnieri McLaughlin, 1998 Nematopagurus diadema Lewinsohn, 1969 Nematopagurus gardineri Alcock, 1905 = Nematopagurus holthuisi McLaughlin & Hogarth, 1998 = Nematopagurus pilosus Komai, 1999 Nematopagurus helleri (Balss, 1916) [Cestopagurus] Nematopagurus indicus Alcock, 1905 Nematopagurus jacquesi McLaughlin, 2004 Nematopagurus kosiensis McLaughlin, 1998 = Nematopagurus shinnyoae Komai, 1999 Nematopagurus lepidochirus (Doflein, 1902) [Eupagurus] Nematopagurus lewinsohni Türkay, 1986 Nematopagurus sp. McLaughlin & Okuno, 2010 (in press) Nematopagurus longicornis A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 Nematopagurus meiringae McLaughlin, 1998 Nematopagurus muricatus (Henderson, 1896) [Catapagurus] Nematopagurus ostlingochirus McLaughlin, 1997 Nematopagurus ricei McLaughlin, 2004 Nematopagurus richeri McLaughlin, 2004 Nematopagurus scutellichelis Alcock, 1905 Nematopagurus scutelliformis McLaughlin, 1997 Nematopagurus spinulosensoris McLaughlin & Brock, 1974 Nematopagurus spongioparticeps McLaughlin, 2004 Nematopagurus squamichelis Alcock, 1905 Nematopagurus tricarinatus (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] Nematopagurus vallatus (Melin, 1939) [Eupagurus (Catapagurus)] Orthopagurus Stevens, 1927 = Orthopagurus Stevens, 1927 [type species Pagurus minimus Holmes, 1900; by subsequent designation by Makarov (1938); gender masculine] = Orthopaguropsis Serène, 1957 (type species Orthopagurus harmsi Gordon 1935, by original designation; gender feminine) Orthopagurus minimus (Holmes, 1900) [Pagurus] Ostraconotus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 = Ostraconotus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (type species Ostraconotus spatulipes A. Milne- Edwards, 1880 by monotypy; gender masculine) Ostraconotus spatulipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 Paguridium Forest, 1961 = Paguridium Forest, 1961 (type species Eupagurus? minimum Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892, by original designation; gender neuter) {16} Paguridium minimum (Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892) [Eupagurus] Paguritta Melin, 1939 = Paguritta Melin, 1939 (type species Eupagurus (Paguritta) gracilipes Melin, 1939, by monotypy; gender feminine) Paguritta corallicola Lewinsohn, 1978 Paguritta gracilipes (Melin, 1939) [Eupagurus (Paguritta)] Paguritta harmsi (Gordon, 1935) [Orthopagurus] Paguritta kroppi McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 1993 Paguritta morgani McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 1993 Paguritta scottae McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 1993 Paguritta vittata Komai & Nishi, 1996 Pagurixus Melin, 1939 = Pagurixus Melin, 1939 (type species Eupagurus (Pagurixus) boninensis Melin, 1939, by monotypy; gender masculine) Pagurixus acanthocarpus Komai & Okuno, 2009 Pagurixus amsa Morgan, 1993 Pagurixus anceps (Forest, 1957) [Eupagurus] Pagurixus aurantiaca Komai, 2010 Pagurixus boninensis (Melin, 1939) [Eupagurus (Pagurixus)] Pagurixus brachydactylus Komai & Osawa, 2006 Pagurixus carinimanus Komai & Osawa, 2006 Pagurixus cavicarpus Komai, 2010 Pagurixus concolor Komai & Osawa, 2006 Pagurixus crosnieri Komai, 2010 Pagurixus dissimilis Osawa & Komai, 2007 Pagurixus fasciatus Komai & Myorin, 2005 Pagurixus festinus McLaughlin & Haig, 1984 Pagurixus formosus Komai, 2010 Pagurixus granulimanus Morgan, 1993 Pagurixus haigae Komai & Osawa, 2007 Pagurixus handrecki Gunn & Morgan, 1992 Pagurixus hectori (Filhol, 1883) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus campbelli Filhol, 1885 Pagurixus icelus Komai, 2010 Pagurixus jerviensis McLaughlin & Haig,

28 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Pagurixus kermadecensis de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Pagurixus laevimanus (Ortmann, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurixus longipes Osawa, Fujita & Okuno, 2006 Pagurixus maorus (Nobili, 1906) [Eupagurus] Pagurixus nomurai Komai & Asakura, 1995 Pagurixus patiae Komai, 2006 Pagurixus paulayi Komai & Osawa, 2006 Pagurixus pilosus Komai, 2010 Pagurixus pseliophorus Komai & Osawa, 2006 Pagurixus pulcher Osawa, Fujita & Okuno, 2006 Pagurixus purpureus Komai & Okuno, 2009 Pagurixus ruber Komai & Osawa, 2006 Pagurixus rubrovittatus Komai, 2010 Pagurixus sculptus Komai, 2010 Pagurixus stenops Morgan, 1993 Pagurixus tweediei (Forest, 1956) [Eupagurus] Pagurodes Henderson, 1888 = Pagurodes Henderson, 1888 [type species Pagurodes inarmatus Henderson, 1888, by subsequent designation by de Saint Laurent (1969); gender masculine] Pagurodes inarmatus Henderson, 1888 Pagurodofl einia Asakura 2005 = Dofl einia McLaughlin & Asakura, 2004 (type species Catapagurus doederleini Doflein 1902, by original designation; gender feminine) (name preoccupied by Dofleinia Wassifieff, 1908, Cnidaria) = Pagurodofleinia Asakura, 2005 (replacement name) Pagurodofleinia doederleini (Doflein, 1902) [Catapagurus] Pagurojacquesia de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 = Jaquesia de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 1999 (type species Jacquesia polymorpha de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 1999, by original designation; gender feminine) (name preoccupied by Jacquesia Mendes, 1944, Mollusca) = Pagurojacquesia de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 (replacement name) Pagurojacquesia polymorpha (de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 1999) [Jacquesia] Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 {17} = Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 [type species by subsequent selection by Latreille (1810) Cancer bernhardus Linnaeus, 1758 as defined by lectotype selection by Forest & Holthuis (1955): specimen figured by Swammerdam, 1737, ICZN Opinion 472] = Pagures Ordinaires H. Milne Edwards, 1836 (not in Latin, invalid name) = Pagures Ordinaires, Dextres H. Milne Edwards, 1848 (not in Latin, invalid name) = Eupagurus Brandt, 1851 [type species by subsequent selection by Stimpson (1858) Cancer bernhardus Linnaeus, 1758] = Bernhardus Dana, 1851 (type species Bernhardus typicus Dana, 1851 by original designation) Pagurus acadianus Benedict, 1901 Pagurus alaini Komai, 1998 Pagurus alatus Fabricius, 1775 {18} = Pagurus tricarinatus Norman, 1869 = Eupagurus variabilis A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892 Pagurus albidianthus de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Pagurus albus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus fuscomacula tus Bouvier, 1895 Pagurus alcocki (Balss, 1911) [Eupagurus] Pagurus aleuticus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus anachoretoides Forest, 1966 Pagurus anachoretus Risso, 1827 = Pagurus pictus H. Milne Edwards, 1836 = Clibanarius mediterraneus Kossmann, 1878 Pagurus angustus (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] Pagurus annexus McLaughlin & Haig, 1993 Pagurus annulipes (Stimpson, 1860) [Eupagurus] Pagurus arcuatus Squires, 1964 = Pagurus bankensis Nesis, 1964 Pagurus arenisaxatilis Harvey & McLaughlin, 1991 Pagurus armatus (Dana, 1851) [Bernhardus] Pagurus benedicti (Bouvier, 1898) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus minutus Benedict, 1892 (preoccupied name) = Nympagurus galapagensis Boone, 1932 Pagurus beringanus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus newcombei Benedict, 1892 Pagurus bernhardus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Cancer] = Bernhardus typicus Dana, 1851 = Pagurus ulidiae Thompson, 1844 (nomen nudum) = Pagurus ulidanus Bell, 1846 {19} = Pagurus eblaniensis Kinahan, 1860 Pagurus boriaustraliensis Morgan, 1990 Pagurus bouvieri (Faxon, 1895) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus smithi A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 (preoccupied name) Pagurus brachiomastus (Thallwitz, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus brandti (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus brevidactylus (Stimpson, 1859) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus miamensis Provenzano, 1959 = Pagurus miamensis uncifer Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Pagurus bullisi Wass, 1963 Pagurus capillatus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus capsularis McLaughlin, 1997 Pagurus carneus (Pocock, 1889) [Eupagurus] Pagurus carolinensis McLaughlin, 1975 Pagurus carpoforaminatus (Alcock, 1905) [Eupagurus] Pagurus caurinus Hart, 1971 Pagurus cavicarpus (Paul son, 1875) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus carpoforaminatus var. nephromma Alcock, 1905 Pagurus chevreuxi (Bouvier, 1896) [Eupagurus] Pagurus chinensis White, 1847 (nomen nudum) {20} Pagurus compressipes (Miers, 1884) [Eupagurus] Pagurus comptus White, 1847 {21} = Pagurus gayi Nicolet,

29 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Pagurus conformis De Haan, 1849 = Eupagurus megalops Stimpson, 1858 Pagurus confragosus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus confusus Komai & Yu, 1999 Pagurus constans (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus sagamiensis Miyake, 1978 Pagurus cornutus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus criniticornis (Dana, 1852) [Bernhardus] Pagurus cuanensis Bell, 1846 {19} = Pagurus Cuanensis Thompson, 1844 (nomen nudum) = Pagurus spinimanus Lucas, 1846 = Pagurus lucasi Heller, 1863 = Eupagurus chiereghini Nardo, 1868 = Eupagurus placens Stebbing, 1924 Pagurus curacaoensis (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus dalli (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus dartevellei (Forest, 1958) [Pylopagurus] Pagurus decimbranchiae Komai & Osawa, 2001 Pagurus defensus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus delsolari Haig, 1974 Pagurus dissimilis (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Eupagurus] Pagurus edwardsii (Dana, 1852) [Bernhardus] Pagurus emmersoni McLaughlin & Forest, 1999 Pagurus erythrogrammus Komai, 2003 Pagurus excavatus (Herbst, 1791) [Cancer] {18} = Pagurus angulatus Risso, 1816 = Eupagurus meticulosus Roux, 1830 Pagurus exiguus (Melin, 1939) [Eupagurus (Pagurillus)] Pagurus exilis (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus fi lholi (De Man, 1887) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus geminus McLaughlin, 1976 Pagurus fi mbriatus Forest, 1966 Pagurus forbesii Bell, 1846 {19} Pagurus forceps H. Milne Edwards, 1836 {21} = Eupagurus comptus var. jugosa Henderson, 1888 = Eupagurus comptus var. latimanus Miers, 1875 Pagurus fungiformis Komai & Rahayu, 2004 Pagurus fuscomaculatus (Bouvier, 1895) [Eupagurus] Pagurus gladius (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus gordonae (Forest, 1956) [Eupagurus] Pagurus gracilipes (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] Pagurus granosimanus (Stimpson, 1859) [Eupagurus] Pagurus gymnodactylus Lemaitre, 1982 Pagurus hartae (McLaughlin & Jensen, 1996) [Parapagurodes] Pagurus heblingi Nucci & de Melo, 2003 Pagurus hedleyi (Grant & McCulloch, 1906) [Eupagurus] (replacement name for Eupagurus kirkii Miers, 1884, preoccupied by Eupagurus kirkii Filhol 1883) Pagurus hemphilli (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus hirsutiusculus (Dana, 1851) [Bernhardus] Pagurus hirtimanus (Miers, 1880) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus hirtimanus White, 1847 (nomen nudum) = Eupagurus janitor Alcock, 1905 Pagurus holmi Ng & McLaughlin, 2009 Pagurus ikedai Lemaitre & Watabe, 2005 Pagurus imafukui McLaughlin & Konishi, 1994 Pagurus imaii (Yokoya, 1939) [Eupagurus] Pagurus imarpe Haig, 1974 Pagurus impressus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus indicus Sarojini & Nagabhushanam, 1972 Pagurus inermis (Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus insulae Asakura, 1991 Pagurus investigatoris (Alcock, 1905) [Eupagurus] Pagurus iridocarpus de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Pagurus irregularis (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus isochirus White, 1847 (nomen nudum) {20} Pagurus japonicus (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus barbatus Ortmann, 1892 Pagurus kaiensis McLaughlin, 1997 Pagurus kennerlyi (Stimpson, 1864) [Eupagurus] Pagurus kulkarnii Sankolli, 1962 Pagurus lanuginosus De Haan, 1849 Pagurus laurentae Forest, 1978 Pagurus lepidus (Bouvier, 1898) [Eupagurus] Pagurus leptonyx Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 = Pagurus leptonix Fausto-Filho, 1970 (misspelling of leptonyx) Pagurus limatulus Fausto Filho, 1970 Pagurus liochele (Barnard, 1947) [Pylopagurus] = Pagurus barnardi Forest, 1966 Pagurus longicarpus Say, 1817 = Pagurus truncatulus Rafinesque, 1817 Pagurus longimanus Wass, 1963 Pagurus lophochela Komai, 1999 Pagurus luticola Komai & Chan, 2006 Pagurus macardlei (Alcock, 1905) [Eupagurus] Pagurus maclaughlinae García-Gómez, 1982 Pagurus maculosus Komai & Imafuku, 1996 Pagurus marshi Benedict, 1901 = Pagurus marschi Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 (misspelling of marshi) Pagurus mbizi (Forest, 1955) [Eupagurus] Pagurus meloi Lemaitre & Cruz Castaño, 2004 Pagurus mertensii Brandt, 1851 Pagurus middendorffi i Brandt, 1851 Pagurus minutus Hess, 1865 = Eupagurus dubius Ortmann, 1892 Pagurus moluccensis Haig & Ball, 1988 Pagurus nanodes Haig & Harvey, 1991 Pagurus nesiotes Haig & McLaughlin, 1991 Pagurus nigrivittatus Komai, 2003 Pagurus nigrofascia Komai, 1996 Pagurus nipponensis (Yokoya 1933) [Eupagurus] Pagurus nisari Siddiqui & Komai, 2008 Pagurus novizealandiae (Dana, 1852) [Bernhardus] Pagurus ochotensis Brandt, 1851 = Pagurus (Eupagurus) bernhardus var. B. granulato-denticulata Brandt, 1851 = Eupagurus alaskensis Benedict, 1892 = Eupagurus ortmanni Balss, 1911 Pagurus parvispina Komai,

30 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Pagurus parvus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus pectinatus (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus seriespinosus Thallwitz, 1891 = Clibanarius japonicus Rathbun, 1903 Pagurus pergranulatus (Henderson, 1896) [Eupagurus] Pagurus perlatus H. Milne Edwards, 1848 = Bernhardus obesocarpus Dana, 1852 Pagurus pilosimanus White, 1847 (nomen nudum) {20} Pagurus pilosipes (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] Pagurus pilosiusculus White, 1847 (nomen nudum) {20} Pagurus pitagsaleei McLaughlin, 2002 Pagurus politus (Smith, 1882) [Eupagurus] Pagurus pollexcavus Glassell, 1937 uncertain status [22] Pagurus pollicaris Say, 1817 = Eupagurus fl oridanus Benedict, 1892 Pagurus prideaux Leach, 1815 Pagurus protuberocarpus McLaughlin, 1982 Pagurus provenzanoi Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Pagurus proximus Komai, 2000 Pagurus pubescens Kröyer, 1838 = Pagurus thompsoni Bell, 1853 {15} = Eupagurus kroyeri Stimpson, 1859 Pagurus pubescentulus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1892) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus variabilis var. charcoti Bouvier, 1914 Pagurus pulchellus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus quaylei Hart, 1971 Pagurus quinquelineatus Komai, 2003 Pagurus rathbuni (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus (Trigonocheirus) polaris Sivertsen, 1932 Pagurus redondoensis Wicksten, 1982 Pagurus retrorsimanus Wicksten & McLaughlin, 1998 Pagurus rhabdotus Haig & Harvey, 1991 Pagurus rotundimanus Wass, 1963 Pagurus ruber (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus rubrior Komai, 2003 Pagurus samoensis (Ortmann, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus samuelis (Stimpson, 1857) [Eupagurus] Pagurus setosus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus similimanus (Balss, 1921) [Eupagurus (?Anapagurus)] Pagurus similis (Ortmann, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus simulans Komai, 2000 Pagurus sinuatus (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] Pagurus smithi (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus souriei (Forest, 1952) [Eupagurus] Pagurus spighti McLaughlin & Haig, 1993 Pagurus spilocarpus Haig, 1977 Pagurus spina Komai, 1994 Pagurus spinulentus (Henderson, 1888) [Eupagurus] Pagurus stevensae Hart, 1971 Pagurus sticticus McLaughlin, 2008 Pagurus stimpsoni (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus bonairensis Schmitt, 1936 = Pagurus hendersoni Wass, 1963 Pagurus tanneri (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus townsendi (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus traversi (Filhol, 1885) [Eupagurus] Pagurus triangularis (Chevreux & Bouvier, 1892) [Eupagurus] Pagurus trichocerus Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Pagurus trigonocheirus (Stimpson, 1858) [Eupagurus] Pagurus tristanensis (Henderson, 1888) [Eupagurus] Pagurus undosus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus trigonocheirus var. paulensis Balss, 1913 Pagurus venturensis Coffin, 1957 = Pagurus hirsutiusculus venturensis Coffin 1957 Pagurus vetaultae Harvey & McLaughlin, 1991 Pagurus villosus Nicolet, 1849 Pagurus virgulatus Haig & Harvey, 1991 Parapagurodes McLaughlin & Haig, 1973 = Parapagurodes McLaughlin & Haig, 1973 (type species Parapagurodes makarovi McLaughlin & Haig, 1973, by original designation; gender masculine) Parapagurodes laurentae McLaughlin & Haig, 1973 Parapagurodes makarovi McLaughlin & Haig, 1973 Phimochirus McLaughlin, 1981 = Phimochirus McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Eupagurus operculatus Stimpson, 1859, by original designation; gender masculine) Phimochirus californiensis (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Eupagurus mexicanus Benedict, 1892 Phimochirus holthuisi (Provenzano, 1961) [Pylopagurus] Phimochirus leurocarpus McLaughlin, 1981 Phimochirus occlusus (Henderson, 1888) [Eupagurus] Phimochirus operculatus (Stimpson, 1859) [Eupagurus] Pylopagurus samariensis Sanchez, 1978 Phimochirus randalli (Provenzano, 1961) [Pylopagurus] Phimochirus roseus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] Phimochirus venustus (Bouvier, 1898) [Eupagurus] Porcellanopagurus Filhol, 1885 = Porcellanopagurus Filhol, 1885 (type species Porcellanopagurus edwardsi Filhol, 1885 by monotypy; gender masculine) Porcellanopagurus adelocercus McLaughlin & Hogarth, 1998 Porcellanopagurus belauensis Suzuki & Takeda, 1987 Porcellanopagurus chiltoni de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Porcellanopagurus edwardsi Filhol, 1885 Porcellanopagurus filholi de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000 Porcellanopagurus foresti Zarenkov, 1990 Porcellanopagurus haptodactylus McLaughlin,

31 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Porcellanopagurus jacquesi McLaughlin, 1997 Porcellanopagurus japonicus Balss, 1913 Porcellanopagurus nihonkaiensis Takeda, 1985 Porcellanopagurus platei Lenz, 1902 Porcellanopagurus tridentatus Whitelegge, 1900 Porcellanopagurus truncatifrons Takeda, 1981 Propagurus McLaughlin & de Saint Laurent, 1998 = Propagurus McLaughlin & de Saint Laurent, 1998 (type species Pagurus gaudichaudii H. Milne Edwards, 1836, by original designation; gender masculine) Propagurus deprofundis (Stebbing, 1924) [Eupagurus] Propagurus gaudichaudii (H. Milne Edwards, 1836) [Pagurus] = Bernhardus barbiger A. Milne-Edwards, 1891 Propagurus haigae (McLaughlin, 1997) [Pagurus] Propagurus miyakei (Baba, 1986) [Pagurus] Propagurus obtusifrons (Ortmann, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus yokoyai Makarov, 1938 Protoniopagurus Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1996 = Protoniopagurus Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1996 (type species Protoniopagurus bioperculatus Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1996, by original designation; gender masculine) Protoniopagurus bioperculatus Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 1996 Pseudopagurodes McLaughlin, 1997 = Pseudopagurodes McLaughlin, 1997 (type species Pagurodes piliferus Henderson, 1888, by original designation; gender masculine) Pseudopagurodes piliferus (Henderson, 1888) [Pagurodes] Pseudopagurodes reconditus (Wang & McLaughlin, 2000) [Nematopaguroides] Pteropagurus McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2006 = Pteropagurus McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2006 (type species Pteropagurus inermis McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2006 by original designation; gender masculine) Pteropagurus inermis McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2006 Pteropagurus spina McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2006 Pteropagurus spinulocarpus McLaughlin, 2007 Pumilopagurus McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2008 = Pumilopagurus McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2008 (type species Pumilopagurus tuberculomanus McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2008, by original designation; gender masculine) Pumilopagurus tuberculomanus McLaughlin & Rahayu, 2008 Pygmaeopagurus McLaughlin, 1986 = Pygmaeopagurus McLaughlin, 1986 (type species Pygmaeopagurus hadrochirus McLaughlin, 1986 by original designation; gender masculine) Pygmaeopagurus hadrochirus McLaughlin, 1986 Pylopaguridium McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 = Pylopaguridium McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 (type species Pylopaguridium markhami McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 by original designation; gender neuter) Pylopaguridium markhami McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 = Pylopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 (type species Pylopagurus magnimanus Henderson, 1896, by monotypy; gender feminine) = Galapagurus Boone, 1932 (type species Galapagurus teevana Boone, 1932, by monotypy; gender masculine) Pylopaguropsis atlantica Wass, 1963 Pylopaguropsis bellula Osawa & Okuno, 2006 Pylopaguropsis fi mbriata McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 Pylopaguropsis furusei Asakura, 2000 Pylopaguropsis garciai McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 Pylopaguropsis granulata Asakura, 2000 Pylopaguropsis keijii McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 Pylopaguropsis laevispinosa McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei Asakura & Paulay, 2003 Pylopaguropsis lewinsohni McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 Pylopaguropsis magnimanus (Henderson, 1896) [Pylopagurus] Pylopaguropsis pustulosa McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 Pylopaguropsis speciosa McLaughlin & Haig, 1989 Pylopaguropsis teevana (Boone, 1932) [Galapagurus] Pylopaguropsis vicina Komai & Osawa, 2004 Pylopaguropsis zebra (Henderson, 1893) [Eupagurus] Pylopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 = Pylopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 [type species Eupagurus discoidalis A. Milne- Edwards, 1880, by subsequent designation by Miyake (1978); gender masculine] Pylopagurus discoidalis (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Eupagurus] Pylopagurus gorei McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 Pylopagurus holmesi Schmitt, 1921 = Pylopagurus longicarpus Walton, 1954 Pylopagurus macgeorgei McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 Pylopagurus pattiae Lemaitre & Campos, 1993 Rhodochirus McLaughlin, 1981 = Rhodochirus McLaughlin, 1981 (type species Pylopagurus rosaceus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893, by original designation; gender masculine) Rhodochirus hirtimanus (Faxon, 1893) [Pylopagurus] Rhodochirus rosaceus (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Pylopagurus] = Pylopagurus acutus Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1968 Scopaeopagurus McLaughlin & Hogarth, 1998 = Scopaeopagurus McLaughlin & Hogarth, 1998 (type species Scopaeopagurus megalochirus McLaughlin & Hogarth, 1998, by original designation; gender masculine) Scopaeopagurus megalochirus McLaughlin & Hogarth,

32 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Solenopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 = Solenopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 (type species Cestopagurus lineatus Wass, 1963, by original designation; gender masculine) Solenopagurus diomedeae (Faxon, 1893) [Catapagurus] Solenopagurus lineatus (Wass, 1963) [Cestopagurus] Solitariopagurus Türkay, 1986 = Solitariopagurus Türkay, 1986 (type species Solitariopagurus profundus Türkay, 1986 by original designation; gender masculine) Solitariopagurus profundus Türkay, 1986 Solitariopagurus triprobolus Poupin & McLaughlin, 1996 Solitariopagurus trullirostris McLaughlin, 2000 Solitariopagurus tuerkayi McLaughlin, 1997 Spiropagurus Stimpson, 1858 = Spiropagurus Stimpson, 1858 (type species Pagurus spiriger De Haan, 1849 by monotypy; gender masculine) Spiropagurus elegans Miers, 1881 Spiropagurus fi mbriatus Lewinsohn, 1982 Spiropagurus lophomeris Alcock, 1905 {23} = Spiropagurus spiriger var. lophomeris Alcock, 1905 Spiropagurus profundorum Alcock, 1905 {23} = Spiropagurus spiriger var. profundorum Alcock, 1905 Spiropagurus spinosicarpis Alcock, 1905 {23} = Spiropagurus spiriger var. spinosicarpis Alcock, 1905 Spiropagurus spiriger (De Haan, 1849) [Pagurus] Tarrasopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 = Tarrasopagurus McLaughlin, 1997 (type species Tarrasopagurus rostrodenticulatus McLaughlin, 1997, by original designation; gender masculine) Tarrasopagurus rostrodenticulatus McLaughlin, 1997 Tomopaguroides Balss, 1912 = Tomopaguroides Balss, 1912 (type species Parapagurus valdividae Balss, 1911, by original designation; gender masculine) Tomopaguroides valdividae (Balss, 1911) [Parapagurus] Tomopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 = Tomopaguropsis Alcock, 1905 [type species Tomopaguropsis lanata Alcock, 1905, by subsequent selection by McLaughlin (1997); gender feminine] Tomopaguropsis lanata Alcock, 1905 Tomopaguropsis miyakei McLaughlin, 1997 Tomopaguropsis problematica (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893) [Eupagurus] Tomopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 = Tomopagurus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 (type species Tomopagurus rubropunctatus A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier, 1893, by monotypy; gender masculine) = Benthopagurus Wass, 1963 (type species Benthopagurus schmitti Wass, 1963, by original designation; gender masculine) Tomopagurus chacei (Wass, 1963) [Pylopagurus] Tomopagurus cokeri (Hay, 1917) [Pagurus] = Benthopagurus schmitti Wass, 1963 Tomopagurus cubensis (Wass, 1963) [Benthopagurus] Tomopagurus maclaughlinae Haig, 1976 Tomopagurus merimaculosus (Glassell, 1937) [Pagurus] Tomopagurus purpuratus (Benedict, 1892) [Eupagurus] = Pagurus bunomanus Glassell, 1937 (nomen nudum) Tomopagurus rubropunctatus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 = Pagurus rubrolineatus Wass, 1963 Tomopagurus wassi McLaughlin, 1981 Trichopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 = Trichopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1968 (type species Catapaguroides? trichophthalmus Forest, 1954, by original designation; gender masculine) {24} Trichopagurus trichophthalmus (Forest, 1954) [Catapaguroides?] Trichopagurus macrochela Komai & Osawa, 2005 Turleania McLaughlin, 1997 = Laurentia McLaughlin & Haig, 1996 (type species Laurentia albatrossae McLaughlin & Haig, 1996, by original designation) (name preoccupied by Laurentia Ragonot, 1888, Insecta) = Turleania McLaughlin, 1997 (replacement name) Turleania albatrossae (McLaughlin & Haig, 1996) [Laurentia] Turleania boucheti McLaughlin, 2007 Turleania balli (McLaughlin & Haig, 1996) [Laurentia] Turleania multispina McLaughlin, 1997 Turleania saliens Osawa & Fujita, 2008 Turleania senticosa (McLaughlin & Haig, 1996) [Laurentia] = Turleania similis Komai, 1999 Turleania sibogae (McLaughlin & Haig, 1996) [Laurentia] Turleania spinimanus Komai, 1999 Turleania tenebrosa Osawa & Fujita, 2008 Xylopagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 = Xylopagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (type species Xylopagurus rectus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, by monotypy; gender masculine) Xylopagurus anthonii Lemaitre, 1995 Xylopagurus caledonicus Forest, 1997 Xylopagurus cancellarius Walton, 1950 Xylopagurus philippinensis Forest, 1997 Xylopagurus rectus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 Xylopagurus tayrona Lemaitre & Campos, 1993 Xylopagurus tenuis Lemaitre, 1995 Incertae sedis Anapagurus acutus A. Milne-Edwards& Bouvier, 1893 {25} 36

33 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Anapagurus marginatus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 {25} NOTES {1} To indicate their uncertainty regarding the generic assignment of the new species to Anapagurus, A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1900, separated the generic name from the specific name, dubius, with a question mark. {2} Thomas Bell s A History of British Crustacea was published in parts between 1844 and Part III, which contained the pagurid species Anapagurus hyndmanni and A. laevis was published in January 1846 (Gordon, 1959). {3} Pagurus pilosipes (Stimpson, 1858) will be transferred to Boninpagurus by Komai & Okuno (in preparation) as the senior synonym of B. acanthocheles. {4} Catapaguroides kasei Osawa & Takeda, 2004 appears to be synonymous with C. foresti, but confirmation is still needed. {5} De Saint Laurent (1968a) felt certain that the western Pacific species she identified as Catapaguroides microps was conspecific with the eastern Atlantic population; however recent collections suggest that the former may actually represent a distinct taxon. {6} Catapaguroides setosus Edmondson, 1951, was questionably synonymized with C. fragilis by de Saint Laurent (1968a) but reinstated by McLaughlin & Pittman (2002) after comparing representatives of the two species. {7} Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, had long been considered the senior synonym of Hemipagurus Smith, 1881 until Asakura (2001) proposed the resurrection of the latter. That reinstatement was rejected by McLaughlin (2004) who showed that the characters used by Asakura (2001) to distinguish Catapagurus from Hemipagurus reflected only intrageneric variability and growth related differences. McLaughlin returned Hemipagurus to synonymy. Five more species of Catapagurus are now being described by the first author. {8} In Smith s (1881a) initial description of Hemipagurus, no species were mentioned. Subsequently, Smith (1881b) repeated his description of the genus and described the two species he assigned to it, H. socialis Smith, 1881 and H. gracilis Smith, 1881; he did not designate either species as the type for the genus. The following year Smith (1882) determined that Hemipagurus was identical with A. Milne- Edwards (1880) Catapagurus, placed Hemipagurus in synonymy and transferred its two species to Catapagurus; still no mention was made of a type species for Hemipagurus. After examining one of the syntypes of Catapagurus sharreri A. Milne- Edwards, 1880, Smith (1883) concluded that his own C. socialis was conspecific with C. sharreri. It was only when Asakura (2001) resurrected Hemipagurus was H. gracilis cited as the type species of Smith s (1881a) taxon. Although at the time of Asakura s (2001) reinstatement, Hemipagurus contained only H. gracilis, it is not the type species by monotypy (ICZN Art. 69.4) but rather by designation by Asakura. {9} Catapagurus maclaughlinae Asakura, 2001, was established on two females from the Seycheles and distinguished from other species of Catapagurus by weak development of carpal and meral spines on the ambulatory legs. Subsequent discovery of a male of C. maclaughlinae from a French Seycheles expedition and comparison with an expanded sample of C. alcocki has shown that the two taxa are conspecific. Catapagurus maclaughlinae will be put into synonymy with C. alcocki in an upcoming review of the genus where justification for the synonymy will be presented. {10} Although C. gracilis var. intermedius was described by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvi er (1893), this subspecies was overlooked by Asakura (2001) in his generic revision. In a reassessment currently in progress McLaughlin has compared the two syntypes of this subspecies with the nominal subspecies and found no justification for two distinct taxa. Catapagurus gracilis intermedius will be placed in synonymy in the upcoming reassessment. {11} In her ongoing study of species of Catapagurus, McLaughlin has found C. imperalis to be conspecific with C. oculocrassus and will be placed in synonymy with this species. {12} Asakura (2001) inappropriately designated a lectotype for C. sharreri; the same male had previously been so designated by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1893: 130). {13} It is possible that the type series of this genus was a mixture of more than one species of different sexes, because such a misidentification is not uncommon in Yokoya s (1933) material. Despite the collecting efforts of one of the present authors (TK), no specimens that agree with Yokoya s original description have been encountered in Japan. {14} The possibility exists that this taxon may be a junior synonym of L. (A.) triserratus. {15} Eupagurus thompsoni Filhol, 1885, became a secondary junior homonym of Pagurus thompsoni Bell, 1853 when the ICZN (Opinion 472) placed Eupagurus on the Officical Index of Rejected and 37

34 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Invalid Generic Names in Zoology. As discussed by McLaughlin & Gunn (1992), Forest (in Pike, 1961) suggested that Filhol s (1885b) P. thompsoni was synonymous with P. lacertosus (Henderson, 1888). Forest (unpublished) subsequently concluded that those two taxa were distinct, and both species were transferred to Pylopagurus by Forest & de Saint Laurent (1968) thus eliminating the need for a replacement name for Filhol s taxon (ICZN, 2000: Art 59.2). Both species were ultimately transferred to Lophopagurus McLaughlin, 1981, whereas Bell s P. thompsoni was found to be synonymous with Pagurus pubescens Kröyer, {16} Apparently uncertain about the generic placement of their solitary juvenile specimen, Chevreux & Bouvier (1892) described the taxon as Eupagurus? minimum. Forest (1961), having obtained additional, and mature specimens, recognized the species as belonging to a genus distinct from other known pagurid genera, and extablished the genus Paguridium Forest, 1961 for it. {17} As previously noted, when first established by Fabricius (1775) Pagurus included a number of Linnaeus (1758) non crab-like species of Cancer. It was 35 years later that Pagurus bernhardus (Linnaeus, 1758) was selected by Latreille (1810) as the type species of the genus and another quarter century before the first detailed classification of Pagurus was published (H. Milne Edwards 1836). As can be clearly seen in the brief accounts of subsequent carcinologists from Brandt (1851) to Rathbun (1903) and beyond, inaccurate interpretations and misidentifications resulted in nomenclatorial chaos that prevailed until the matter was brought before the International Commission (Forest & Holthuis, 1955). In its ruling, the Commission validated the generic names Pagurus (sensu Fabricius) and Dardanus Paul son (Opinion 472). {18} Forest (1955) placed Pagurus excavatus (Herbst, 1791) in synonymy with Pagurus alatus Fabricius, However, Ingle (1985) presented evidence supporting Selbie s (1921) opinion that the two taxa were distinct, with P. excavatus restricted in its northern distribution to the Bay of Biscay. Ingle (1985) reinstated P excavatus and placed the morphologically similar P. variabilis (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1892) in synonymy with the northern P. alatus. {19} Thomas Bell s A History of British Crustacea was published in parts between 1844 and Part III, which included the pagurid species Pagurus cuanensis, ulidianus and P. Forbesii, was published in January 1846 (Gordon 1959). {20} In his list of the Crustacea in the British Museum, Adam White (1847: 59 62) listed four new species of Pagurus: Pagurus chinensis from China, Pagurus isochirus and Pagurus pilosimanus without localities, and Pagurus pilosiusculus from Mr. Dring s collection, Swan River. None of these taxa were provided with even brief descriptions or illustrations, and no further mention of any of them could be found in White s subsequent publications. {21} The conspecificity of Pagurus comptus and P. forceps has been the subject of debate since Lagerberg (1905) first placed P. comptus in synonymy with P. forceps. However, a recent study by Mantelatto et al. (2009), using both morphological and genetic data, has demonstrated conclusively that the two taxa represent distinct species. {22} Glassell s (1937) Pagurus pollexcavus was not reported as occurring in the Gulf of California by Hendrickx & Harvey (1999), nor was it included the Lemaitre & Cruz Castaño s (2004) checklist of eastern Pacific species of Pagurus. But to the best of our knowledge, this species has not been put into synonymy with any other regional species or considered incertae sedis for any reason. Therefore we have listed its status simply as uncertain. {23} McLaughlin (2002) elevated all of Alcock s (1905) subspecies of Spiropagurus spiriger to full generic rank. {24} When Forest (1954) described Catapaguroides? trichophthalmus, the genus Catapaguroides appeared to have considerable overlap with a similar genus, Cestopagurus. Not being certain of its generic placement, Forest questionably assigned trichophthalmus to Catapaguroides. {25} García-Gómez (1994) examined the two female specimens upon which A. acutus and A. marginatus were based and concluded that they were inaccurately assigned to Anapagurus. As they could not be assigned with confidence to any taxon, García-Gómez considered them incertae sedis. Family Parapaguridae Smith, 1882 Bivalvopagurus Lemaitre 1993 = Bivalvopagurus Lemaitre 1993 (type species Parapagurus sinensis de Saint Laurent, 1972, by monotypy; gender masculine) Bivalvopagurus sinensis (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Oncopagurus Lemaitre, 1996 = Oncopagurus Lemaitre, 1996 (type species Eupagurus bicristatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, by original designation; gender masculine) Oncopagurus africanus (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Oncopagurus bicristatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Eupagurus] {1} 38

35 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Oncopagurus cidaris Lemaitre, 1996 Oncopagurus conicus Lemaitre, 2006 Oncopagurus curvispina (de Saint Laurent, 1974) [Parapagurus] {2} Oncopagurus glebosus Lemaitre, 1997 Oncopagurus gracilis (Henderson, 1888) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus bicristatus gracilis Henderson, 1888 {1} = Sympagurus arcuatus A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1893 = Pylopagurus exquisitus Boone, 1927 Oncopagurus haigae (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Oncopagurus indicus (Alcock, 1905) [Sympagurus] = Sympagurus bicristatus var. indicus Alcock, 1905 {1} Oncopagurus minutus (Henderson, 1896) [Parapagurus] Oncopagurus mironovi Zhadan, 1997 Oncopagurus monstrosus (Alcock, 1894) [Parapagurus] = Sympagurus arcuatus var. monstrosus Alcock, 1894 =? Eupagurus brevimanus Yokoya, 1933 {3} Oncopagurus oimos Lemaitre, 1998 Oncopagurus orientalis (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Oncopagurus stockmani Zhadan, 1997 Oncopagurus tuamotu Lemaitre, 1994 Oncopagurus sp. A Zhadan, 1997 {4} Oncopagurus n. sp. 1 {5} Oncopagurus n. sp. 2 {5} Oncopagurus n. sp. 3 {5} Oncopagurus n. sp. 4 {5} Paragiopagurus Lemaitre, 1996 = Paragiopagurus Lemaitre, 1996 (type species Sympagurus diogenes Whitelegge, 1900, by original designation; gender: masculine) Paragiopagurus acutus (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus acutus acutus de Saint Laurent, 1972 {6} Paragiopagurus bicarinatus (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus acutus bicarinatus de Saint Laurent, 1972 {6} Paragiopagurus boletifer (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus sculptochela Zarenkov, 1990 Paragiopagurus bougainvillei (Lemaitre, 1994) [Sympagurus] Paragiopagurus diogenes (Whitelegge, 1900) [Sympagurus] Paragiopagurus fasciatus Lemaitre & Poupin, 2003 Paragiopagurus hirsutus (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus acutus hirsutus de Saint Laurent, 1972 {6} Paragiopagurus hobbiti (Macpherson, 1983) [Parapagurus] Paragiopagurus insolitus Lemaitre, 1997 Paragiopagurus macrocerus (Forest, 1955) [Parapagurus] Paragiopagurus pacificus (Edmondson, 1925) [Sympagurus] Paragiopagurus pilimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880) [Eupagurus] Paragiopagurus rugosus (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Paragiopagurus ruticheles (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) [Eupagurus] Paragiopagurus schnauzer Lemaitre, 2006 Paragiopagurus tuberculosus (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Paragiopagurus ventilatus Lemaitre, 2004 Paragiopagurus wallisi (Lemaitre, 1994) [Sympagurus] Paragiopagurus n. sp. 1 {5} Paragiopagurus n. sp. 2 {5} Paragiopagurus n. sp. 3 {5} Paragiopagurus n. sp. 4 {5} Parapagurus Smith, 1879 = Parapagurus Smith, 1879 (type species Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, 1879, by monotypy; gender masculine) Parapagurus abyssorum (Filhol, 1885) [Pagurus] {7} = Parapagurus abyssorum var. scabra Henderson, 1888 Parapagurus alaminos Lemaitre, 1986 Parapagurus andreui Macpherson, 1984 Parapagurus benedicti de Saint Laurent, 1972 = Parapagurus pilosimanus benedicti de Saint Laurent, 1972 Parapagurus bouvieri Stebbing, 1910 Parapagurus foraminosus Lemaitre, 1999 Parapagurus furici Lemaitre, 1999 Parapagurus holthuisi Lemaitre, 1989 {8} = Parapagurus abyssorum Henderson, 1888 Parapagurus janetae Lemaitre, 1999 Parapagurus latimanus Henderson, 1888 Parapagurus microps de Saint Laurent, 1972 Parapagurus nudus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) [Sympagurus] Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, 1879 {9} = Eupagurus jacobii A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 = Sympagurus grimaldii A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1897 Parapagurus richeri Lemaitre, 1999 Parapagurus saintlaurentae Lemaitre, 1999 Parapagurus stenorhinus Lemaitre, 1999 Parapagurus wolffi Lemaitre, 1999 Probeebei Boone, 1926 = Probeebei Boone, 1926 (type species Probeebei mirabilis Boone, 1926, by monotypy; gender masculine) = Planopagurus Wolff, 1960 (type species Planopagurus galathea Wolff, 1960, by monotypy; gender masculine) 39

36 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Probeebei mirabilis Boone, 1926 = Planopagurus galathea Wolff, 1960 Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989 = Strobopagurus Lemaitre, 1989 (type species Sympagurus gracilipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1891, by original designation; gender masculine) Strobopagurus breviacus Lemaitre, 2004 Strobopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891) [Sympagurus] Strobopagurus sibogae (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus kilburni Kensley, 1973 Sympagurus Smith, 1883 = Sympagurus Smith, 1883 (type species Sympagurus pictus Smith, 1883, by monotypy; gender masculine) Sympagurus acinops Lemaitre, 1989 Sympagurus affinis (Henderson, 1888) [Parapagurus] Sympagurus andersoni (Henderson, 1896) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus andersoni var. brevimanus Alcock, 1901 Sympagurus aurantium Lemaitre, 2004 Sympagurus brevipes (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Sympagurus burkenroadi Thompson, 1943 = Sympagurus papposus Lemaitre, 1996 Sympagurus chani Lemaitre, 2004 Sympagurus dimorphus (Studer, 1883) [Eupagurus] = Parapagurus brevimanus Balss, 1911 =? Eupagurus modicellus Stebbing, 1914 = Sympagurus arcuatus var. johnstoni Hale, 1941 = Sympagurus arcuatus var. mawsoni Hale, 1941 Sympagurus dofl eini (Balss, 1912) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus ijimai Terao, 1913 = Parapagurus rectichela Zarenkov, 1990 Sympagurus pictus Smith, 1883 Sympagurus planimanus (de Saint Laurent, 1972) [Parapagurus] Sympagurus poupini Lemaitre, 1994 Sympagurus soela Lemaitre, 1996 Sympagurus spinimanus (Balss, 1911) [Parapagurus] Sympagurus symmetricus Lemaitre, 2004 Sympagurus trispinosus (Balss, 1911) [Parapagurus] = Parapagurus arcuatus var. trispinosa Balss, 1911 Sympagurus villosus Lemaitre, 1996 Tsunogaipagurus Osawa, 1995 = Tsunogaipagurus Osawa, 1995 (type species Parapagurus chuni Balss, 1911, by original designation; gender masculine) Tsunogaipagurus chuni (Balss, 1911) [Parapagurus] Tylaspis Henderson, 1885 {10} = Tylaspis Henderson, 1885 (type species Tylaspis anomala Henderson, 1885, by monotypy; gender feminine) Tylaspis anomala Henderson, 1885 Typhlopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1972 = Typhlopagurus de Saint Laurent, 1972 (type species Typhlopagurus foresti de Saint Laurent, 1972, by original designation; gender masculine) Typhlopagurus foresti de Saint Laurent, 1972 NOTES {1} In her revision of Parapagurus, de Saint Laurent (1972) recognized three subspecies of A. Milne- Edwards s bicristatus, Parapagurus bicristatus bicristatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880), P. b. gracilis Henderson, 1888, and P. b. indicus (Alcock, 1905b). All were elevated to specific status by Lemaitre (1989). {2} This species was described by de Saint Laurent (1974) as Parapagurus curvispina and later placed in Paragiopagurus by Lemaitre (1996). Examination of type material, however, has revealed that it needs to be formally assigned to Oncopagurus as a new combination (Lemaitre, in prep.). {3} According to Lemaitre (1996), de Saint Laurent (1972) questionably synonymized Eupagurus brevimanus with Alcock s (1894) Parapagurus monstrosus. Lemaitre (1996) found insufficient information to confirm or deny the synonymy, and presumed that Yokoya s (1933) specimens, like most of his other material, were no longer extant. {4} Zhadan (1997: 67, fig. 9) did not provide a specific name, and only noted that his material was intermediate between O. tuamotu and O. cidaris {5} Formal descriptions are in preparation by one of the authors (RL). {6} De Saint Laurent s (1972) three subspecies, Parapagurus acutus acutus de Saint Laurent, 1972, P. a. bicarinatus de Saint Laurent, 1972, and P. a. hirsutus de Saint Laurent, 1972, were assigned to Sympagurus Smith, 1883 by Lemaitre (1989). Subsequently Lemaitre (1996) elevated these three subspecies to specific status and assigned them to Paragiopagurus Lemaitre, {7} This is a senior homonym of Parapagurus abyssorum Henderson, {8} Replacement name for Parapagurus abyssorum Henderson, 1888, a junior homonym of Parapagurus abyssorum (Filhol, 1885) {9} All the subspecies of Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith, 1879 proposed by de Saint Laurent (1972) were elevated to specific status by Lemaitre (1989). {10} De Grave et al. (2009) incorrectly attributed authorship of the genus Tylaspis to Tizard, Mosely, Buchanan & Murray (1885), presumably because they were the editors of the narrative of the Challenger cruise. However, the report on the Anomura (pp ) 40

37 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 actually was written by Henderson, as Tizard et al. acknowledged. The illustration and brief diagnosis of Tylaspis n. gen. et sp. by Henderson (1885: , fig. 329) meet ICZN requirements for publication. The correct author of this genus is therefore Henderson (1885). Family Pylochelidae Bate, 1888 Subfamily Pylochelinae Bate, 1888 Bathycheles Forest, 1987 {1} = Pylocheles (Bathycheles) Forest, 1987 (type species Pylocheles (Bathycheles) incisus Forest 1987, by original designation; gender masculine) Bathycheles crosnieri (Forest, 1987) [Pylocheles (Bathycheles)] Bathycheles cubensis (Ortiz & Gómez, 1986) [Pylocheles] = Pylocheles (Bathycheles) chacei Forest, 1987 Bathycheles incisus (Forest, 1987) [Pylocheles (Bathycheles)] Bathycheles integer (Forest, 1987) [Pylocheles (Bathycheles)] = Pylocheles (Bathycheles) profundus Forest, 1987 Bathycheles macgilchristi (Alcock, 1905) [Chiroplatea] (misspelling of Cheiroplatea) Bathycheles phenax McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2009 Cheiroplatea Bate, 1888 = Cheiroplatea Bate, 1888 (type species Cheiroplatea cenobita Bate, 1888, by monotypy; gender masculine) = Chiroplatea Ortmann, 1892 (misspelling of Cheiroplatea) Cheiroplatea cenobita Bate, 1888 Cheiroplatea laticauda Boas, 1926 Cheiroplatea mitoi Miyake, 1978 Cheiroplatea pumicicola Forest, 1987 Cheiroplatea scutata Ortmann, 1892 = Chiroplatea scutata Ortmann, 1892 (misspelling of Cheiroplatea) Cheiroplatea stenurus Forest, 1987 Pylocheles A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 = Pylocheles A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (type species Pylocheles agassizi A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, by monotypy; gender masculine) Pylocheles agassizi A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 = Pylocheles partitus Benedict, 1901 Pylocheles mortensenii Boas, 1926 = Pylocheles rigidus Yokoya 1933 Xylocheles Forest 1987 {2} = Xylocheles Forest, 1987 (type species Pylocheles (Xylocheles) macrops Forest, 1987, by original designation; gender masculine) Xylocheles macrops (Forest, 1987) [Pylocheles (Xylocheles)] Xylocheles miersi (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) [Pylocheles] = Pylodietes miersi McGinitie & McGinitie, 1949 (misspelling of Pylocheles) Subfamily Pomatochelinae Stebbing, 1914 Pomatocheles Miers, 1879 = Pomatocheles Miers, 1879 (type species Pomatocheles jeffreysii Miers, 1879, by monotypy; gender masculine) Pomatocheles gaillardi Forest, 1987 Pomatocheles jeffreysii Miers, 1879 Pomatocheles stridulans Forest, 1987 Subfamily Trizochelinae Forest 1987 Tribe Cancellochelini Forest, 1987 Cancellocheles Forest, 1987 = Cancellocheles Forest, 1987 (type species Pomatocheles sculptipes Miyake, 1978, by monotypy; gender masculine) Cancellocheles sculptipes (Miyake, 1978) [Pomatocheles] Tribe Mixtopagurini Bouvier, 1895 {3} Mixtopagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 = Mixtopagurus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (type species Mixtopagurus paradoxus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, by monotypy; gender masculine) Mixtopagurus paradoxus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 Tribe Parapylochelini Parapylocheles Alcock, 1901 = Parapylocheles Alcock, 1901 (type species Pylocheles scorpio Alcock, 1894, by monotypy; gender masculine) Parapylocheles scorpio (Alcock, 1894) Tribe Trizochelini Forest, 1987 Forestocheles McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2009 = Forestocheles McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2009 (type species Trizocheles perplexus Forest, 1987, by original designation; gender masculine) Forestocheles perplexus (Forest, 1987) [Trizocheles] Trizocheles Forest, 1987 = Trizocheles Forest, 1987 (type species Pylocheles spinosus Henderson, 1888, by original designation; gender masculine) Trizocheles albatrossi Forest, 1987 Trizocheles balssi (Stebbing, 1914) [Pomatocheles] Trizocheles boasi Forest, 1987 = Trizocheles gracilis Forest, 1987 Trizocheles brachyops Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1987 Trizocheles brevicaulis (Boas, 1926) [Mixtopagurus] Trizocheles caledonicus Forest, 1987 Trizocheles hoensonae McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2009 Trizocheles laurentae Forest, 1987 Trizocheles longicaulis (Boas, 1926) [Mixtopagurus] Trizocheles loquax Forest, 1987 Trizocheles manningi Forest, 1987 Trizocheles mendanai McLaughlin & Lemaitre,

38 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Trizocheles moosai Forest, 1987 Trizocheles mutus Forest, 1987, Trizocheles pilgrimi Forest & McLaughlin, 2000 Trizocheles pulcher Forest, 1987 Trizocheles sakaii Forest, 1987 Trizocheles spinosus (Henderson, 1888) = Trizocheless spinosus bathamae Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1987 NOTES {1} Authorship of Bathycheles was incorrectly credited to McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2009, by De Grave et al. (2009). Bathycheles was proposed by Forest (1987) as a subgenus of Pylocheles. In their reassessment of pylochelid classification, McLaughlin & Lemaitre (2009) elevated Bathycheles to full generic rank, but in accordance with ICZN Article 43.1 (1999) the author and date for the taxon remain as Forest (1987). {2} Authorship of Xylocheles was incorrectly credited to McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2009 by De Grave et al. (2009). Xylocheles was proposed by Forest (1987) as a subgenus of Pylocheles. In their reassessment of pylochelid classification, McLaughlin & Lemaitre (2009) elevated Xylocheles to full generic rank, but in accordance with ICZN Article 43.1 (1999) the author and date for the taxon remain as Forest ( 1987). {3} Although the tribe name Mixtopaguriens was Latinized by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1899), Forest (1987) correctly assigned the authorship and date to Bouvier (1895a) in accordance with Article 11f (iii) of the ICZN Code (1985). Family Pylojacquesidae McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 Pylojacquesia McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 = Pylojacquesia McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 (type species Pylojacquesia colemani McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001, by original designation; gender feminine) Pylojacquesia colemani McLaughlin & Lemaitre, 2001 Lemaitreopsis McLaughlin, 2007 = Lemaitreopsis McLaughlin, 2007 (type species Lemaitreopsis holmi McLaughlin, 2007, by original designation; gender feminine) Lemaitreopsis holmi McLaughlin, 2007 LITERATURE CITED Ahyong, S.T., 2010a. 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39 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 from the Indo-West Pacific (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15: Asakura, A., Pseudopaguristes shidarai, new species, a distinct hermit crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) from Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117: Asakura, A., 2005a. Pagurodofleinia, a replacement generic name for Dofleinia McLaughlin & Asakura, 2004 (Crustacea: Decapoda), preoccupied by Dofleinia Wassilieff, 1908 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Zootaxa, 1089: 64. Asakura, A., 2005b. A review of the genus Micropagurus (Crustacea Decapoda Anomura Paguridae). Zootaxa, 1090: Asakura, A., 2006a. Dardanus sanguinocarpus Degener, 1925 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) species complex: A redescription of D. sanguinocarpus and descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 1230: Asakura, A., 2006b. 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51 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 McLaughlin, P. A., On the identity of Pagurus brevidactylus (Stimpson) (Decapoda: Paguridae), with the description of a new species of Pagurus from the western Atlantic. Bulletin of Marine Science, 25(3): McLaughlin, P. A., A new Japanese hermit crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae) resembling Pagurus samuelis (Stimpson). Crustaceana, 30(1): McLaughlin, P. A., Comparative Morphology of Recent Crustacea. W. H. Freeman & Company, San Francisco, CA. 177 pp. McLaughlin, P. A., 1981a. Revision of Pylopagurus and Tomopagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), with the descriptions of new genera and species: Part I. Ten new genera of the Paguridae and a redescription of Tomopagurus A. Milne Edwards and Bouvier. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31(1): McLaughlin, P. A., 1981b. Revision of Pylopagurus and Tomopagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), with the descriptions of new genera and species: Part II. Rhodochirus McLaughlin and Phimochirus McLaughlin. 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(ed.), Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 21. Mémoires du Muséum national d Histoire naturelle, 184: McLaughlin, P. A., 2002a. A new species of the genus Catapaguroides (Decapods: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae) from Guam, Micronesia. Crustaceana, 75(3 4): McLaughlin, P. A., 2002b. A review of the hermit crab (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridea) fauna of southern Thailand, with particular emphasis on the Andaman Sea, and descriptions of three new species. In: Bruce N., M. Berggren & S. Bussawarit (eds.), Proceedings of the international workshop on the Crustacea in the Andaman Sea, Phuket Marine Biological Center 29 November 20 December, Phuket Marine Biological Center, Special Publication, 23(1 2): McLaughlin, P. A., Pseudopaguristes, a new and aberrant genus of hermit crabs (Anomura: Paguridea: Diogenidae). Micronesica, 34(2): McLaughlin, P. A., A new genus and species of hermit crab (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the seamount region of south-eastern Tasmania, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 60(2): McLaughlin, P. A., 2004a. A reappraisal of the hermit crab genera Catapagurus A. Milne-Edwards and Hemipagurus Smith (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 433: McLaughlin, P. A., 2004b. A new genus and species of hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from northwestern Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 22: McLaughlin, P. A., A replacement name for the hermit crab genus Haigia (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea, Paguridae). Crustaceana, 78(4): McLaughlin, P. A., Two new hermit crabs from New Caledonia and environs. In: Richer de Forges, B. & J.-L. Justine (eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos. 24. Mémoires du Muséum national d Histoire naturelle, 193: McLaughlin, P. A., 2007a. A new genus and new species in the hermit crab family Pylojacquesidae (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120(1): McLaughlin, P. A., 2007b. A new species of Pteropagurus McLaughlin & Rahayu and a new genus and species of scaphopod dweller (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae). Zoosystema, 29(3): McLaughlin, P. A., 2007c. New records and a new species in the genus Turleania McLaughlin, 1997 (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguridae) from MUSORSTOM cruises, with a key to species. Zoosystema, 29(3): McLaughlin, P. A., 2008a. A new species of the hermit crab genus Cancellus (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae) from the PANGLAO Expeditions to the Philippine Islands. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 19: McLaughlin, P. A., 2008b. Australian hermit crabs of the genera Paguristes Dana, Stratiotes Thomson, and Pseudopaguristes McLaughlin (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae). In: Jones, D.S. (ed.), Crustaceans collected by the Western Australian Museum/Woodside Energy Ltd. Partnership to explore the marine biodiversity of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 73: McLaughlin, P. A., 2008c. Hermit crabs (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. In: Jones, D.S. (ed.), Crustaceans collected by the Western Australian Museum/Woodside Energy Ltd. Partnership to explore the marine biodiversity of the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia, Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 73:

52 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea McLaughlin, P. A. & A. Asakura, Reevaluation of the hermit crab genus Parapagurodes McLaughlin & Haig (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) and a new genus for Parapagurodes doederleini (Doflein). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & J. Baily-Brock, A new Hawaiian hermit crab of the genus Trizopagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae), with notes on its behavior. Pacifi c Science, 29(3): McLaughlin, P. A. & J. H. Brock, A new species of hermit crab of the genus Nematopagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae) from Hawaii. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 84(23): McLaughlin, P. A. & P. F. Clark, A review of the Diogenes (Crustacea, Paguridea) hermit crabs collected by Bedford and Lanchester from Singapore, and from the Skeat Expedition to the Malay Peninsula, with a description of a new species and notes on Diogenes intermedius De Man, Bulletin Natural History Museum, London (Zoology), 63(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & J. Forest, Crustacea Decapoda: Diacanthurus gen. nov., a new genus of hermit crabs (Paguridae) with both Recent and fossil representation, and the descriptions of two new species. In: Crosnier, A. (ed.), Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 18. Mémoires du Muséum national d Histoire naturelle, 176: McLaughlin, P. A. & J. Forest, Hermit crabs of the genus Pagurus Fabricius (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae) from southeastern South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 105(7): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. H. Gore, A new species of Allodardanus (Crusta cea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) from the western Atlantic. Crustaceana, 49(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & S. W. Gunn, Revision of Pylopagurus and Tomopagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), with the descriptions of new genera and species: Part IV. Lophopagurus McLaughlin and Australeremus McLaugh lin. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 53(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & J. Haig, On the status of Pagurus mertensii Brandt, with descriptions of a new genus and two new species from Cali fornia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 72: McLaughlin, P.A. & J. Haig, A review of Pagurixus (Decapoda, Ano moura, Paguridae) and descriptions of new species. Crustaceana, 47(2): McLaughlin, P. A. & J. Haig, On the status of Pylopaguropsis zebra Henderson, P. magnimanus (Henderson), and Galapagurus teevanus Boone, with descriptions of seven new species of Pylopaguropsis (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridae). Micronesica, 22: McLaughlin, P. A. & J. 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Holthuis, Case Pagurus clypeatus Fabricius, 1787 (currently Coenobita clypeatus; Crustacea, Decapoda): proposed replacement of syntypes by a neotype. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 59(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & J. P. Hoover, A new species of Aniculus Dana (Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae) from Hawaii. Proceedings of the Biologi cal Society of Washington, 109(2): McLaughlin, P. A. & G. C. Jensen, A new hermit crab species of the genus Parapagurodes from the eastern Pacific, with a description of its first zoeal stage. Journal of Natural History, 30: McLaughlin, P. A. & K. Konishi, Pagurus imafukui, a new species of deep-water hermit crab (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguridea), with notes on its larvae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 36(4): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, A review of the hermit crab genus Paguritta (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) with descriptions of three new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 41(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, Carcinization fact or fiction? I. Evidence from adult morphology. Contributions to Zoology, Amsterdam, 67(2): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, 2001a. Revision of Pylopagurus and Tomopagurus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Part VI. Pylopagurus Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, Haigia McLaughlin, and Pylopaguridium new genus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 114(2): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, 2001b. Aspects of evolution in the anomuran superfamily Paguroidea: one larval prospective. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 38(3): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, 2001c. A new family for a new genus and new species of hermit crab of the superfamily Paguroidea (Decapoda: Anomura) and its phylogenetic implications. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21(4): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, The discovery of two new species of Lithopagurus Provenzano, 1968 and the first records of the genus in the western Pacific. Zoosystema, 26(3): McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, A new and distinctive species of the hermit crab genus Catapaguropsis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Paguridae) from the South China Sea. Zootaxa, 1560: McLaughlin, P. A. & R. Lemaitre, A new classification of the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) and descriptions of new taxa. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Supplement 20: McLaughlin, P. A. & T. Murray, Clibanarius fonticola n. sp. (Anomura: Paguridea: Diogenidae), from a freshwater pool on Espiritu Santo, Vanua tu. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 10(4): McLaughlin, P. A. & J. Okuno, A new and distinctive Japanese species of Nematopagurus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguridae), 56

53 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 and a new record for Nematopagurus alcocki McLaughlin, Crustaceana, in press. McLaughlin, P. A. & J. M. Paul, Abdominal tergite and pleopod changes in Lithodes aequispinus Benedict, 1895 (Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae) from megalopa to juvenile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & C. Pittman, Reinstatement and rediagnosis of Catapaguroides setosus (Edmondson, 1951), and the description of a second Hawaiian species of the genus (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae). Pacific Science, 56(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & A. J. Provenzano, Jr., Hermit crabs of the genus Paguristes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) from the western Atlantic. Part I. The Paguristes tortugae complex, with notes on variation. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24(1): McLaughlin, P. A. & A. J. Provenzano, Jr., Hermit crabs of the genus Paguristes (Crustacea: Decapoda: Diogenidae) from the western Atlantic. Part II. Descriptions of six new species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24(4)(1974): McLaughlin, P. A. & D. L. Rahayu, Two new species of Paguristes sensu stricto (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea: Diogenidae) and a review of Paguristes pusillus Henderson. Zootaxa, 1083: McLaughlin, P. A. & D. L. Rahayu, A new genus with two new species of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Paguroidea, Paguridae) from an unique habitat. Zootaxa, 1116: McLaughlin, P. A. & D. L. Rahayu, A new genus and species of hermit crab of the family Paguridae Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Vanuatu Archipelago. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 121(3): McLaughlin, P. A. & M. de Saint Laurent, A new genus for four species of hermit crabs formerly assigned to the genus Pagurus (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111(1): McLaughlin, P. A., R. Lemaitre & U. Sorhannus, Hermit crab phylogeny: A reappraisal and its fall-out. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 27(1): McLaughlin, P. A., R. 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54 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Milne-Edwards, A. & E.-L. Bouvier, Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico ( ), in the Caribbean Sea ( ), and along the Atlantic coast of the United States (1880), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake, Lieut.-Commander C. D Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXXIII. Description des Crustacés de la famille des paguri ens recueillis pendant l expédition. Memoirs of the Museum of Compara tive Zoology, Harvard College, 14(3): Milne-Edwards, A. & E.-L. Bouvier, 1894a. Crustacés Décapodes provenant des campagnes du yacht l Hirondelle (1886, 1887, 1888). Premiére Partie. Brachyures et Anomoures. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifi ques accom plies sur son yacht par Albert 1 Prince Souveraine de Monaco, 7: Milne-Edwards, A. & E.-L. Bouvier, 1894b. Troiséme campagne du yacht l Hiron delle, Neolithodes. 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55 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Morrison, C. L., A. W. Harvey, S. Lavery, K. Tieu, Y. Huang & C. W. Cunningham, Mitochondrial gene rearrangements comfirm the parallel evolution of the crab-like body form. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 269: Mower, A. G. J. & S. A. Shepherd, The crab fauna of West Island, South Australia: Their abundance, diet and role as predators of abalone. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 112: Nakasone, Y., Land hermit crabs from the Ryukyus, Japan, with a de scription of a new species from the Philippines (Crustacea, Decapoda, Coenobitidae). Zoological Science, 5: Nardo, G. D., Annotazioni illustranti cinquantaquattro specie di Crostacei podottalmi, endottalmi e succhiatori del mare Adriatico, alcune delle quali nuove o male conosciute, accompagnate da trentatre figure litografate, e precedute dalla storia della carcinologia Adriatica antiga e recente. Memoire del R. 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58 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea III. Acanthopagurus de Saint Laurent (Crustacés Décapodes Paguridae). Bulletin du Muséum Na tional d Histoire Naturelle, (2)41(3): Saint Laurent, M. de, Révision des genres Catapaguroides et Cestopa gurus et description de quatre genres nouveaux. IV. Solenopagurus de Saint Laurent (Crustacés Décapodes Paguridae). Bulletin du Muséum Na tional d Histoire Naturelle, (2)41(6)(1969): Saint Laurent, M. de, Révision des genres Catapaguroides et Cestopa gurus et description de quatre genres nouveaux. V. Trichopagurus de Saint Laurent (Crustacés Décapodes Paguridae). VI. Conclusion. Bulletin du Muséum National d Histoire Naturelle, (2)42(1): Saint Laurent, M. de, Sur la famille des Parapaguridae Smith, Description of Typhlopagurus foresti gen. nov., sp. nov., et de quinze espèces ou sous-espèces nouvelles de Parapagurus Smith (Crustacea, Decapoda). 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59 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Selbie, C. M., The Decapoda Reptantia of the coasts of Ireland. II. Paguridea. Scientifi c Investigations, Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland, 1: Serène, R., Observations sur Orthopagurus harmsi Gordon. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 82(1): Sherborn, C. D. & B. B. Woodward On the dates of publication of the Natural History portions of the Encyclopédie Méthodique. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7)17: Siddiqui, F. A. & T. Komai, A new species of the hermit crab genus Pagurus (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Pakistan. Raffl es Bulletin of Zoology, 56(2): Siddiqui, F. A. & P. A. 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Preliminary notice of the Crustacea dredged, in 64 to 325 fathoms, off the south coast of New England, by the United States Fish Commission in Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 3: Smith, S. I., XVII. Report on the Crustacea. Part I. Decapoda. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake, Commander J. R. Bartlett, U.S.N. commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 10 (1880): Smith, S. I., Preliminary report on the Brachyura and Anomura dredged in deep water off the south coast of New England by the United States Fish Commission in 1880, 1881, and Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 6(1): Southwell, T., Report on certain scientific work done on the Ceylon pearl banks during the year No. 9. Notes on the habitaculum of two species of pagurids; a description of one new species; and a list of the Anomura recorded to date from Ceylon waters. Ceylon Marine Biological Reports, 1910(4): Spiridonov, V., M. Türkay, W. E. Arntz & S. Thatje, A new species of the genus Paralomis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae) from the Spiess seamount near Bouvet Island (Southern Ocean), with notes on habitat and ecology. Polar Biology, 29: Squires, H. J., Pagurus pubescens and a proposed new name for a closely related species in the northwest Atlantic (Decapoda: Anomura). Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 21(2): Stebbing, T.R.R., Marine Investigations in South Africa, South African Crustacea, 4(3): Cape Times Ltd., Government Printers, Cape Town. Stebbing, T. R. R., General catalogue of South African Crustacea (Part V. of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 6: Stebbing, T. R. R., South African Crustacea (Part VII of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 15: Stebbing, T. R. R., South African Crustacea (Part XII of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa). Annals of the South African Museum, 19: Stevens, B. A., Hermit crabs of Friday Harbor. Publications of the Puget Sound Biological Station, 3: Stevens, B. A., Orthopagurus, a new genus of Paguridae from the Pacific coast. Publications of the Puget Sound Biological Station, 5: Steyskal, G. C The genera of Platystomatidae and Otitidae known to occur in America north of Mexico (Diptera, Acalyptratae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54: Stimpson, W., On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Part I. Crustacea. Boston Society of Natural History, 6(4): Stimpson, W., Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in expeditione ad oceanum Pacificum septentrionalem, a Republica Federate missa, Cadwaldaro Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers ducibus, obseravit et descripsit. VII. [Preprint (December 1858) from] Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciencs of Philadelphia, 1858: Stimpson, W., Notes on North American Crustacea. [Preprint from] Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York, 7 [1862]: [preprint pages 3 47.] Stimpson, W., Notes on North American Crustacea, in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. No. II. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York, 7: (preprint of 1862 journal). Stimpson W., Descriptions of new species of marine Invertebrata from Puget Sound, collected by the naturalists of the Northwest Boundary Commission, A. H. Campbell, esq. Commissioner. Proceedingsof the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phildalphia, 1864: Streets, T. H., A catalogue of Crustacea from the Isthmus of Panama collected by J. A. McNeil. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (1871), 23: Studer, Th., Verzeichnis der während der Crustaceen, welche während der Reise S.M.S. Gazelle an der Westküste von Afrika, Ascension un dem Cap der Guten Hoffnung gesammelten Crustaceen. Abhandlungen der königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, (1882), Phys. Abh., 2: Suzuki, H. & M. Takeda, Occurrence of a new hermit crab of the genus Porcellanopagurus (Decapoda, Paguridae) in the sea adjacent to the Palau Islands. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 36: Swammerdam J., Bybel der Natuure door J. Swammeerdam of Histoire der Insecten Ect.-J. Swammerdammii Biblia Naturae; sive Historia Insectorum Insectis numerosis rariorum naturae observatioribis Omnia lingua Batava conscripta. Accedit praefatio, in quavitam auctorial descripsit. H. Boerhaave Latinam versionem adscripsit H.D. Gaubius, 2 vols. & Atlas. 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60 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Takeda, M., On three species of Lithodidae (Crustacea, Anomura) from the central Pacific. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 17(3): Takeda, M., A new hermit crab of the genus Porcellanopagurus from the Ogasawara Islands. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 36(2): Takeda, M., 1985a. A new species of Paralomis, the crab-shaped Anomura (Crus tacea, Decapoda), from the Kyushu-Palau submarine ridge. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, (A)11: Takeda, M., 1985b. Occurrence of a new hermit crab of the genus Porcellanopa gurus in the Sea of Japan. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, 18: Takeda, M. & S. Bussarawit, A new species of the genus Paralomis White, 1856 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) from the Andaman Sea. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, A33(2): Takeda, M. & J. Hashimoto, A new species of the genus Paralomis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Lithodidae) from the Minami- Ensei Knoll in the Mid-Okinawa Trough. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, A18(2): Takeda, M. & H. Hatanaka, Records of decapod crustaceans from the southwestern Atlantic collected by Japanese fisheries research trawlers. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, A10: Takeda, M. & S. Miyake, A new species of Paralomis (Crustacea, Ano mura) from the East China Sea. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 53(1): Takeda, M. & S. Nagai, Four species of giant crustaceans from Indonesian depths, with description of a new species of the family Lithodidae. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, A (Zoology), 30(1): Takeda, M. & S. Ohta, A new species of the Lithodidae (Crustacea, Anomura) from Suruga Bay, central Japan. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, A(Zoology) 5(3): Takeda, M., K. Hiramoto, & Y. Suzuki, Additional material of Paralomis cristata Takeda et Ohta (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Suruga Bay, Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 39(5): Terao, A., A catalogue of hermit-crabs found in Japan (Paguridea ex cluding Lithodidae), with descriptions of four new species. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 8(2); Terao, A., Hermit crabs from Japan. Zoological Magazine, Tokyo, 25(9): Thallwitz, J., Decapoden-Studien, insbesondere basirt auf A. B. Meyer s Sammlungen im Ostindischen Archipel, nebst einer Aufzählung der Decapo den und Stomatopoden des Dresdener Museums. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1891(3): Thompson, E. F., Contributions for a revision of the New Zealand Crusta cea of the family Paguridae. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 3(4): Thompson, E. F., Paguridae and Coenobitidae. In: The John Murray Expedi tion , Scientific Reports, 7(5): Thompson, W., Report on the fauna of Ireland. Report of the Thirteenth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1843: 267. Thomson, G. M., A revision of the Crustacea Anomura of New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, Zoology, 31: Tilesius, W. C., De Cancris Camtschaticis, Oniscis, Entomostracis et Cancellis marinis microscopicis noctilucentibus, Cum tabulis IV: Aenaeis et appendice adnexo de Acaris et Ricinis Camtschaticis. Auctore Tilesio. Conventui exhibuit die Februarii Mémoires de l Académie Impériale de Sciences de St. Petersbourg, 5: Tizard, T. H., H. N. Moseley, J. Y. Buchanan & J. Murray, Narrative of the cruise of H.M.S. Challenger with a general account of the scientific results of the expedition. In. Wyville Thomson, C. & J. Murray. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. Vol. 1, Neill and Company, Edinburgh pp. Tsang, L. M., K. Y. Ma, S. T. Ahyong, T.-Y. Chan & K. H. Chu, Phylogeny of Decapoda using two nuclear proteincoding genes: Origin and evolution of the Reptantia. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 48: Tsang, L. M., T.-Y. Chan, S. T. Ahyong & K. H. Chu, in press. Hermit to king, or hermit to all: multiple transitions to crab-like forms from hermit crab ancestors. Sysematic Biology. Tung, Y.-M. & Wang, F.-T., A new species of the hermit crab from the East China Sea. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 3(2): Tung, Y. M., F.Z. Wang & Z.C. Li, A new species of Lithodidae (Crustacea, Anomura) from the East China Sea. Zoological Research, 5: Türkay, M., Crustacea Decapoda Reptantia der Tiefsee des Roten Meeres. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 18(3/6): Verrill, A. E., Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda. I. Brachyura and Anomura. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, 13: Walton, B. C., Some new and rare Pacific pagurids. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 40(6): Walton, B. C., The genus Pylopagurus (Crustacea, Anomura) in the Pacific with descriptions of two new species. Allan Hancock Pacifi c Expeditions, 15(2): Wang, F. & Y. Dong, Two new species of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Ano mura) from China. Acta Zoologica Sinica, 23(1): Wang, F.-Z. & Y.-M. Tung, Two new species of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Anomura) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 5(1): Wang, F.-Z. & Y.-M. Tung, New subspecies and new records of hermit crabs (Crustacea, Anomura) from China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 7(4): Wang, Y.-L. & P. A. McLaughlin, First report of Nematopaguroides (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae) in the Indo-Pacific, and the description of a new species. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 113(4): Wass, M. L., The decapod crustaceans of Alligator Harbor and adjacent inshore areas of northwestern Florida. The Quarterly Journal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 18(3): Wass, M. L., New species of hermit crabs (Decapoda, Paguridae) from the western Atlantic. Crustaceana, 6(2):

61 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2010 Wassilieff, A Japanische Actinien. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch turwissenschaftliche Klasse der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Supplement 1(2): White, A., 1847a. List of the Specimens of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London. 143 pp. White, A., 1847b. Descriptions of new or little-known Crustacea in the collec tion at the British Musuem. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 1847: White, A., Description of Echinocerus cibarius, a new species and subgenus of Crustacea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1848: White, A., Some remarks on Crustacea of the genus Lithodes, with a brief description of a species apparently hitherto unrecorded. Proceed ings of the Zoological Society of London, 1856: Whitelegge, T., The fauna of Funafuti. [VI.] The Crustacea. Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 3: Whitelegge, T., Scientific results of the trawling expedition of HMS Thetis, off the coast of New South Wales, February and March, Australian Museum Memoirs, 4: Whitelegge, T., Description of a new hermit crab (Calcinus imperialis), from Lord Howe Island. Records of the Australian Museum, 4(1): Wicksten, M. K., Pagurus redondoensis, a new species of hermit crab from southern California (Anomura: Paguridae). Journal of Crustacan Biology, 2(4): Wicksten, M. K., Range extensions of offshore decapod crustaceans from California and western Mexico. California Fish and Game, 73: Wicksten, M. K. & P. A. McLaughlin, Pagurus retrorsimanus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Paguridae), a new and distinctive hermit crab from the eastern Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111: Williams, A. B., C. R. Smith & A. R. Baco, New species of Paralomis (Decapoda, Anomura, Lithodidae) from a sunken whale carcass in the San Clemente Basin off southern California. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 22: Williams, A. B., L. G. Abele, D. L. Felder, H. H. Hobbs, Jr., R. B. Manning, P. A. McLaughlin, & I. Perez-Farfante, Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Decapod Crustacea. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 17: Wilson, R., Paralomis otsuae, a new species of Decapoda Anomura from deep water off the Chilean coast. Crustaceana, 58(2): Wolff, T., Strejflys over dybhavets dyreliv. [Casting light on the animal life in the ocean depths.] Naturens Verden, København: (in Danish) Wooster, D. S., The genus Calcinus (Paguridea, Diogenidae) from the Mariana Islands including three new species. Micronesica, 18(2): Yap-Chiongco, J. V., In: Estampador, E. P., A check list of Philippine crustacean decapods. Philippine Journal of Science, 62: Yap-Chiongco, J. V., The littoral Paguridea in the collection of the University of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 66(2): Yokoya, Y., On the distribution of decapod Crustacea inhabiting the continental shelf around Japan, chiefly based upon the materials col lected by S.S. Soyo Maru during the years Journal of the College of Agriculture Tokyo Imperial University, 12(1): Yokoya, Y., Macrura and Anomura of decapod Crustacea found in the neighbourhood of Onagawa, Miyagi-ken. Scientific Reports of Tóhoku University, 14: Zaklan, S. D., Review of the family Lithodidae (Crustacea: Anomura: Paguroidea): Distribution, Biology and fisheries. In: Crabs in Cold Water Regions. Biology, Management and Economics. Alaska Sea Grant College Program. AK.SG-02-01: Zarenkov, N.A., Decapoda (Stenopodidea, Brachyura, Anomura) of the Naska and Sala-i-Gomes underwater ridges. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii, 124: (in Russian) Zariquiey Alvarez, R., Crustáceos Decápodos Ibéricos. Investigación Pesquera, 32: Zhadan, D.G., Deep-sea hermit crabs from the submerged ridges Nazka and Sala-y-Gomez, southeastern Pacific (Decapoda Anomura Parapaguridae). Arthropoda Selecta 6(1/2):

62 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 1. Lithodoidea. Representatives of Hapalogastridae Brandt, 1850 (A-G, in situ; H, preserved specimen): A, Acantholithodes hispidus (Stimpson, 1860), Hood Canal, Washington (G. Jensen); B, Dermaturus mandtii Brandt, 1850, Pribilof Islands, Alaska (G. Jensen); C, Hapalogaster cavicauda Stimpson, 1859, Cayucos, California (G. Jensen); D, Hapalogaster grebnitzkii Schalfeew, 1892, Prince William Sound, Alaska (G. Jensen); E, Hapalogaster mertensii Brandt, 1850, Whidbey Island, Washington (G. Jensen); F, Oedignathus inermis (Stimpson, 1860), Neah Bay,Washington (G. Jensen); G, H, Placetron wosnessenskii Schalfeew, 1892, Neah Bay, Washington (G) (G. Jensen); Alaska, USNM (H) (R. Lemaitre). USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 66

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64 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 2. Lithodoidea and Lomisoidea. Representatives of Lithodidae Samouelle, 1819 (A-G) and Lomisidae Bouvier, 1895 (H): A, Lithodes aequispinus Benedict, 1895, Bering Sea, USNM (preserved specimen, R. Lemaitre); B, Neolithodes duhameli Macpherson, 2004, Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean (J.-F. Dejouannet); C, Paralomis arae Macpherson, 2001, Fiji Islands (J.-F. Dejouannet); D, Paralomis dofl eini Balss, 1911, Sagami Sea, off Boso Pensinsula, Japan, CBM-ZC 8498 (T. Komai); E, Paralomis japonicus Balss, 1911, Sagami Sea, off Boso Pensinsula, Japan, CBM-ZC 8499 (T. Komai); F, Paralomis mendagnai Macpherson, 2003, Salomon Islands (J.-F. Dejouannet); G, Paralomis odawarai (Sakai, 1980), Sagami Sea, Boso Pensinsula, Japan, CBM-ZC 9843 (T. Komai); H, Lomis hirta (Lamarck, 1818), Southern Australia ( Museum Victoria, Melbourne, M. Marmach). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 68

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66 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 3. Paguroidea. Representatives of Coenobitidae Dana, 1851 (in situ except A, C, D): A, B, Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767), Tuamotu, French Polynesia (A, J. Poupin; B, O. Gargominy); C, Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius, 1787), Belize, ULLZ (D. L. Felder); D, Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858, Mayotte Island (J. Poupin & R. Cléva); E, Coenobita perlatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Tuamotu, French Polynesia (J. Poupin); F, Coenobita rugosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Moorea, French Polynesia (P. Bacchet); G, Coenobita spinosus H. Milne Edwards, 1837, Wallis and Futuna (J. Poupin); H, Coenobita violascens Heller, 1862, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, specimen not collected (T. Komai). ULLZ = University of Louisiana at Lafayette Zoological Collections. 70

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68 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 4. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892 (F, H, in situ): A, Aniculus aniculus (Fabricius, 1787), Guam (G. Paulay); B, Aniculus erythraeus Forest, 1984, Panama, eastern Pacific, LACM (D. L. Felder); C, Aniculus maximus Edmondson, 1952, Guam (G. Paulay); D, Aniculus retipes Lewinsohn, 1982, Guam (G. Paulay); E, Aniculus ursus (Olivier, 1812), Guam (G. Paulay); F, Calcinus elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836), Wallis and Futuna (J. Poupin); G, Calcinus gaimardii (H. Milne Edwards, 1848), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); H, Calcinus gouti Poupin, 1997, Tuamotu, French Polynesia (G. Paulay). LACM = Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 72

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70 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 5. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892 (in situ except B, D, G, H): A, Calcinus guamensis Wooster, 1984, Moorea, French Polynesia (J. Poupin); B, Calcinus laevimanus (Randall, 1840), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); C, Calcinus latens (Randall, 1840), Hawaii, CBM-ZC (E. Myorin); D, Calcinus lineapropodus Morgan & Forest, 1991, Philippines (T.-Y. Chan), E, Calcinus mclaughlinae Poupin & Bouchard, 2006, Clipperton Island (J. Poupin); F, Calcinus nitidus Heller, 1865, Moorea, French Polynesia (J. Poupin); G, Calcinus pulcher Forest, 1958, Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); H, Calcinus seurati Forest, 1951, Kikai Island, Amami Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9556 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba. 74

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72 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 6. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892: A, Cancellus panglaoensis McLaughlin, 2008, Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); B, Ciliopagurus krempfi (Forest, 1952), Japan (T. Komai); C, Ciliopagurus tricolor Forest, 1995, Moorea, French Polynesia (A. Anker); D, Clibanarius ambonensis Rahayu & Forest, 1993, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); E, Clibanarius corallinus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848), Tuamotu, French Polynesia (G. Paulay); F, Clibanarius demani Buitendijk, 1937, Oura Bay, Ryukyu Islands, Japan (T. Komai); G, Clibanarius englaucus Ball & Haig, 1972, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); H, Clibanarius rutilus Rahayu, 1999, Bali, Indonesia, CBM-ZC 9990 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba. 76

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74 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 7. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892: A, Clibanarius snelliusi Buitendijk, 1937, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); B, Clibanarius striolatus Dana, 1852, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9997 (T. Komai); C, Clibanarius virescens (Krauss, 1843), Ryukyu Islands, Japan (T. Komai); D, Dardanus australis Forest & Morgan, 1991, Austral Islands, French Polynesia (J. Poupin); E, Dardanus brachyops Forest, 1962, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium (T. Komai); F, Dardanus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836), Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 8000 (T. Komai); G, Dardanus gemmatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848), Tuamotu, French Polynesia (G. Paulay); H, Dardanus guttatus (Olivier, 1812), Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 7999 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba. 78

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76 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 8. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892: A, Dardanus lagopodes (Forskål, 1775), Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, CBM-ZC 8687 (T. Komai); B, Dardanus robustus Asakura, 2006, Ogasawara Islands, Japan (H. Tachikawa); C, Dardanus scutellatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848), Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9995 (T. Komai); D, Dardanus woodmasoni (Alcock, 1905), Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9989 (T. Komai); E, Diogenes alias McLaughlin & Holthuis, 2001, Kerara, India, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); F, Diogenes cf. avarus Heller, 1865, Western Australia, CBM-ZC 9996 (T. Komai); G, Diogenes cf. tirmiziae Siddiqui & McLaughlin, 2003, Osumi Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); H, Diogenes cf. manaarensis (Henderson, 1893), Kerara, India, CBM-ZC (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba. 80

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78 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 9. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892: A, Diogenes miles (Fabricius, 1787), Kerara, India, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); B, Diogenes nitidimanus Terao, 1913, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); C, Diogenes sp. 1, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai ); D, Diogenes spinifrons (De Haan, 1849), Tateyama, Boso Peninsula, Japan, CBM-ZC 8423 (T. Komai); E, Diogenes sp. 2, Tatsunokuchi, Nagasaki, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); F, Paguristes albimaculatus Komai, 2001, Ogasawara Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); G, Paguristes cadenati Forest, 1954, Gulf of Mexico ULLZ 7043 (D. L. Felder); H, Paguristes digitalis Stimpson, 1858, Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan, CBM-ZC 9999 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; ULLZ = University of Louisiana at Lafayette Zoological Collections. 82

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80 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 10. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892: A, Paguristes gonagrus (H. Milne Edwards, 1836), Taiwan (T.-Y. Chan); B, Paguristes jalur Morgan, 1992, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9981 (T. Komai); C, Paguristes miyakei Forest & McLaughlin, 1998, Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan (T. Komai); D, Paguristes palythophilus Ortmann, 1892, Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan, CBM- ZC 4698 (T. Komai); E, Paguristes cf. puniceus Henderson, 1896, Uraga Strait, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); F, Paguristes cf. pusillus Henderson, 1896, Taiwan, NTOU (T.-Y. Chan); G, Paguristes sericeus A. Milne Edwards, 1880, Gulf of Mexico, ULLZ 7118 (D. L. Felder); H, Paguristes versus Komai, 2001, Izu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; NTOU = National Taiwan Ocean University; ULLZ = University of Louisiana at Lafayette Zoological Collections. 84

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82 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 11. Paguroidea. Representatives of Diogenidae Ortmann, 1892: A, Paguropsis typica Henderson, 1888, Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); B, Pseudopaguristes bicolor Asakura & Kosuge, 2004, Satsunan Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9986 (T. Komai); C, Pseudopaguristes laurentae (Morgan & Forest, 1991), Izu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); D, Pseudopaguristes monoporus (Morgan, 1987), Kochi Prefecture, Japan, CBM-ZC 9993 (T. Komai); E, Areopaguristes japonicus (Miyake, 1961), Boso Peninsula, Japan, CMNH-ZC 672 (J. Okuno); F, Areopaguristes nigroapiculus (Komai, 2009), Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan, paratype, NSMT-Cr S45 (T. Komai); G, Areopaguristes orbis (Komai, 2009), Izu Islands, Japan, paratype, CBM-ZC 9532 (T. Komai); H, Areopaguristes taenia (Komai, 1999), Ogasawara Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9521 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; CMNH = Coastal Branch of the Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; NSMT = National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. 86

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84 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 12. Paguroidea. Representatives of Paguridae Latreille, 1802: A, Anapagrides aequalis Komai, 1999, Sagami Sea, Japan, NSMT-Cr S164 (T. Komai); B, Anapagurus cf. bonnieri Nobili, 1905, Ryukyu Islands, Japan (T. Komai); C, Boninpagurus sp., with rhizocephalan, Sagami Bay, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); D, Catapaguroides japonicus de Saint Laurent, 1968, with rhizocephalan, Sagami Bay, Japan, NSMT-Cr S165 (T. Komai); E, Catapaguroides sp., Ohsumi Islands, Japan (T. Komai); F, Catapagurus misakiensis Terao, 1914, Izu Islands, Japan, Sagami Sea, Japan, NSMT-Cr S168 (T. Komai); G, Catapagurus sp., Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); H, Chanopagurus atopos Lemaitre, 2003, Taiwan (T.-Y. Chan). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; NSMT = National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. 88

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86 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 13. Paguroidea. Representatives of Paguridae Latreille, 1802: A, Decaphyllus spinicornis de Saint Laurent, 1968, Sagami Sea, Japan, Boso Peninsula, Japan, CBM-ZC 8435 (T. Komai); B, Discorsopagurus tubicola Komai, 2003, Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan, CBM- ZC 6813 (T. Komai); C, Elassochirus cavimanus (Miers, 1879), Iwate Prefecture, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); D, Iridopagurus reticulatus García-Gómez, 1983, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, ULLZ (D. L. Felder); E, Lophopagurus (Australeremus) triserratus (Ortmann, 1892), Izu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); F, Nematopagurus gardineri Alcock, 1905, Ogasawara Islands, Japan, CBM- ZC (T. Komai); G, Nematopagurus kosiensis McLaughlin, 1998, Ogasawara Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); H, Nematopagurus cf. spinulosensoris McLaughlin & Brock, 1974, Sagami Sea, Japan, Sagami Sea, Japan, NSMT-Cr S178 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; NSMT = National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo; ULLZ = University of Louisiana at Lafayette Zoological Collections. 90

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88 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 14. Paguroidea. Representatives of Paguridae Latreille, 1802: A, Nematopagurus tricarinatus (Stimpson, 1858), Ogasawara Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); B, Pagurixus anceps (Forest, 1957), Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9571 (T. Komai); C, Pagurixus aurantiaca Komai, 2010, Ogasawara Islands, Japan, holotype, CBM-ZC 9644 (T. Komai); D, Pagurixus boninensis (Melin, 1939), Ogasawara Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); E, Pagurixus dissimilis Osawa & Komai, 2007, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, paratype, CBM-ZC 9071 (T. Komai); F, Pagurixus haigae Komai & Osawa, 2007, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, holotype, CBM-ZC 8406 (T. Komai); G, Pagurixus nomurai Komai & Asakura, 1995, Guam (G. Paulay); H, Pagurixus pseliophorus Komai & Osawa, 2006, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, paratype, CBM-ZC 8533 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba. 92

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90 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 15. Paguroidea. Representatives of Paguridae Latreille, 1802: A, Pagurus alaini Komai, 1998, Ohsumi Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9982 (T. Komai); B, Pagurus angustus (Stimpson, 1858), Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); C, Pagurus bernhardus (Linnaeus, 1758), Belgium (C. d Udekem d Acoz); D, Pagurus brevidactylus (Stimpson, 1859), Gulf of Mexico, ULLZ 6753 (D. L. Felder); E, Pagurus conformis De Haan, 1849, Uraga Strait, Japan, CBM-ZC 9998 (T. Komai); F, Pagurus erythrogrammus Komai, 2003, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, CBM-ZC 9992 (T. Komai); G, Pagurus hirtimanus (Miers, 1880), Ryukyu Islands, CBM-ZC 8962 (T. Komai); H, Pagurus imafukui McLaughlin & Konishi, 1994, Sagami Bay, Japan, NSMT-Cr S185 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; NSMT = National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo; ULLZ = University of Louisiana at Lafayette Zoological Collections. 94

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92 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 16. Paguroidea. Representatives of Paguridae Latreille, 1802: A, Pagurus japonicus (Stimpson, 1858), Izu Peninsula, Japan, CBM-ZC 6795 (T. Komai); B, Pagurus luticola Komai & Chan, 2006, Taiwan, holotype, NTOU A00805 (T.-Y. Chan); C, Pagurus nigrofascia Komai, 1996, Chiba Port, Tokyo Bay, Japan, CBM-ZC 6772 (T. Komai); D, Pagurus quinquelineatus Komai, 2003, Boso Peninsula, Japan, paratype, CBM-ZC 6622 (T. Komai); E, Pagurus rathbuni (Benedict, 1892), Sea of Japan, off Hokkaido, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); F, Pagurus simulans Komai, 2000, Uraga Strait, Japan, paratype, CBM-ZC 5196 (T. Komai); G, Pagurus townsendi (Benedict, 1892), Hokkaido, Japan, HUMZ-C 1060 (T. Komai); H, Pagurus trigonocheirus (Stimpson, 1858), Hokkaido, Japan, HUMZ-C 1050 (T. Komai). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; HUMZ, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University; NTOU = National Taiwan Ocean University. 96

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94 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 17. Paguroidea. Representatives of Paguridae Latreille, 1802: A, Porcellanopagurus filholi de Saint Laurent & McLaughlin, 2000, Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); B, Porcellanopagurus japonicus Balss, 1913, Izu Islands, Japan (T. Komai); C, Porcellanopagurus nihonkaiensis Takeda, 1985, Sagami Bay, Japan, NSMT-Cr S194 (T. Komai); D, Porcellanopagurus platei Lenz, 1902, Hawaiian Islands, LACM CR (J. W. Martin); E, Propagurus obtusifrons (Ortmann, 1892), Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan, CBM-ZC 1668 (T. Komai); F, Pseudopagurodes piliferus (Henderson, 1888), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); G, Pylopaguropsis granulata Asakura, 2000, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9994 (T. Komai); H, Pylopaguropsis lemaitrei Asakura & Paulay, 2003, Moorea, French Polynesia (A. Anker). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; LACM = Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County; NSMT = National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo. 98

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96 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 18. Paguroidea. Representatives of Paguridae Latreille, 1802: A, Pylopaguropsis vicina Komai & Osawa, 2004, Ryukyu Islands, Japan (T. Komai); B, Pylopaguropsis zebra (Henderson, 1893), Osumi Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 3137 (T. Komai); C, D, Solitariopagurus tuerkayi McLaughlin, 1997: C, Hawaiian Islands, LACM CR (R. B. Moffitt), D, infested with bopyrid, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 8598 (T. Komai); E, Spiropagurus profundorum Alcock, 1905, Ohsumi Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9984 (T. Komai); F, Trichopagurus trichophthalmus (Forest, 1954), Ryukyu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9949 (T. Komai); G, Turleania saliens Osawa & Fujita, 2008, Kashiwa-jima, Ohtsuki, Kochi Prefecture, CBM-ZC 9991 (T. Komai); H, Turleania senticosa (McLaughlin & Haig, 1996), Ohsumi Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC 9985 (T. Komai); I, Xylopagurus philippinensis Forest, 1997, Philippines (T.-Y. Chan). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; LACM = Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 100

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98 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 19. Paguroidea. Representatives of Parapaguridae Smith, 1882: A, Oncopagurus monstrosus (Alcock, 1894), Taiwan (T.-Y. Chan); B, Paragiopagurus acutus (de Saint Laurent, 1972), Uraga Strait, Tokyo Bay, Japan, CBM-ZC 9898 (T. Komai); C, Paragiopagurus bougainvillei (Lemaitre, 1994), Tuamotu, French Polynesia (J. Poupin); D, Paragiopagurus cf. diogenes (Whitelegge, 1900), French Frigate Shoals, Hawaiian Islands (G. Paulay); E, Paragiopagurus fasciatus Lemaitre & Poupin, 2003, Austral Islands, French Polynesia (J. Poupin); F, Paragiopagurus ventilatus Lemaitre, 2004, Taiwan (T.-Y. Chan); G, Paragiopagurus wallisi (Lemaitre, 1994), Austral, Thiers Bank, French Polynesia (J. Poupin); H, I (in zoanthid carcinoecia), Parapagurus furici Lemaitre, 1999, Taiwan (T.-Y. Chan). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba 102

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100 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 20. Paguroidea. Representatives of Parapaguridae Smith, 1882: A, Parapagurus latimanus Henderson, 1888, off Boso Peninsula, Japan, CBM-ZC 2038 (T. Komai); B, Parapagurus richeri Lemaitre, 1999, Taiwan (T.-Y. Chan); C, Probeebei mirabilis Boone, 1926, cephalothorax, pleon and proximal portions of chelipeds and ambulatory legs, off Peru, South Pacific, USNM (preserved specimen, R. Lemaitre); D, Strobopagurus gracilipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1891), Taiwan (T.-Y. Chan); E, Sympagurus brevipes (de Saint Laurent, 1972), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); F, Tsunogaipagurus chuni (Balss, 1911), Izu Islands, Japan, CBM-ZC (T. Komai); G, Tylaspis anomala Henderson, 1885, Japan (S. Ohta). CBM = Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba; USNM = National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 104

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102 McLaughlin et al.: Checklist of world Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea and Paguroidea Fig. 21. Paguroidea. Representatives of Pylochelidae Bate, 1888: A, Bathycheles incisus (Forest, 1897), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); B, Bathycheles integer (Forest, 1987), Philippines, MNHN Pg 7907 (T.-Y. Chan); C, Xylocheles macrops (Forest, 1987), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); D, Xylocheles miersi (Alcock & Anderson, 1899), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); E, Parapylocheles scorpio (Alcock, 1894), Philippines (T.-Y. Chan); F, Trizocheles boasi Forest, 1987, Philippines, in sponge habitat partially removed, NMCR (T.-Y. Chan). MNHN = Muséum national d Histoire naturelle, Paris; NMCR = National Museum of the Philippines, Manila. 106

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