Flowers of Wallaby Hills Nature Reserve

Transcription

1 Flowers of Wallaby Hills Nature Reserve Lesley Brooker INTRODUCTION FAMILIES & SPECIES CREDITS

2 Introduction Wallaby Hills Nature Reserve is 23 km east of York, Western Australia, along the Goldfields Road. In the following pages I have tried to illustrate different species of plant found in the reserve, using my own close-up photographs and those of others, hoping to capture some of their salient features as an aid to identification. Plants are arranged alphabetically within families. This format offers the unique advantage that given members of a genus can be compared very easily by just scrolling through the pages. Hyperlinks are provided for access to historical material to be found on-line. I have drawn attention (in the green boxes below the species accounts) to some features which may help identification or may interest the reader, but these are by no means diagnostic. The References and Identification Tools used to identify the plants in these photographs are listed at the end of the document. Should you find errors or misidentifications in the document, please contact me at LesMikeBrooker@bigpond.com.

3 Credits This reference guide would not have been possible without the support, encouragement and assistance of my husband Michael and our daughter Belinda Cale. I am most grateful to the experts in the Wildflower Society of Western Australia, both professional and amateur, who are most generous with their patience, knowledge and assistance in identifying plants and correcting my errors. This guide is updated regularly. For a revised version go to Please direct feedback to Lesley Brooker at LesMikeBrooker@bigpond.com

4 FAMILIES Links are in Bookmarks Asparagaceae Asteraceae Campanulaceae Dilleniceae Droseraceae Ericaceae Fabaceae Goodeniaceae Haemodoraceae Hemerocallidaceae Lauraceae Iridaceae Lamiaceae Loranthaceae Malvaceae Myrtaceae Orchidaceae Pittosporaceae Proteaceae Rhamnaceae Rutaceae Stylidiaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Laxmannia, Sowerbaea Olearia, Podolepis Lobelia Hibbertia Drosera Astroloma, Conostephium, Leucopogon Acacia, Bossiaea, Chorizema, Daviesia, Dillwynia, Gastrolobium, Isotropis, Jacksonia Dampiera, Lechenaultia, Verreauxia Anigozanthos, Conostylis Stypandra Cassytha Patersonia Hemiandra Orianthera Thomasia Calothamnus, Calytrix, Eremaea, Hypocalymma, Melaleuca, Verticordia Caladenia, Diuris, Elythranthera, Pterostylis Marianthus Banksia (Banksia), Banksia (Dryandra), Grevillea, Hakea, Isopogon, Stirlingia, Synaphea Cryptandra Boronia, Trymalium Stylidium Chamaescilla, Xanthorrhoea

5 Laxmannia sessiliflora Asparagaceae Laxmannia sessiliflora was first collected prior to 1834, although exactly where and by whom is not known. It was described by the French botanist Joseph Decaisne who mistakenly thought it had been collected in Timor. He is known to have worked on plants collected during the voyage of the Astrolabe which suggests that it might have been first collected in Western Australia by Pierre Lesson in The species name sessiliflora means with sessile (stalkless) flowers. The plant grows mainly from Shark Bay south to Albany and east to Jerramungup. This photograph was taken in the reserve in July A drawing of the plant published in Nouvelles annales du Muséum d'histoire naturelle (1834) can be viewed at item/39501#page/537/mode/1up. 1

6 Sowerbaea laxiflora Asparagaceae Sowerbaea laxiflora was collected by Allan Cunningham, most probably in 1822 during Phillip Parker King s survey of the Australian coastline. It was described in 1839 in John Lindley s Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. The genus name Sowerbaea is after an English botanical artist James Sowerby; while the species name laxiflora means with loose flowers. It is widespread south-west of a line from Geraldton to Kukerin. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August An illustration of the plant in Edward s Botanical Register can be found at 2

7 Olearia rudis Asteraceae Olearia rudis was first collected at Swan River either by James Drummond or visiting Austrian nobleman Baron Carl von Hügel prior to The genus name Olearia was given in honour of German polymath Johannes Gottlieb Olearius (d. 1711), the author of Specimen Florae Hallensis (1668); while the species name rudis means rough or coarse, in reference to the leaf. The plant grows in Western Australia south of a line from Geraldton to Ravensthorpe and also in South Australia, New South Wales and Victoria. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August A specimen collected by Hügel and held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k , and a painting by 19th century artist Ellis Rowan can be found at html. 3

8 Podolepis capillaris Asteraceae Podolepis capillaris was first collected by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss in 1839 near George Fletcher Moore s house which was on the Swan River at present-day Millendon. The genus name Podolepis means scaley foot, referring to the scaley bracts beneath the flower head; while the species name capillaris means hair-like, referring to the very fine branchlets which give rise to the common name Invisible Plant. The plant is widely distributed, occurring over much of Western Australia. It occurs in both yellow and white forms. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August A specimen collected by Preiss, now housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, can be seen at 4

9 Lobelia gibbosa Campanulaceae Lobelia gibbosa was first collected in Western Australia by Ferdinand Muller in 1877, although it had been described previously from a specimen collected in Van Diemens Land (Tasmania) in 1792 by Jacques Labillardière during the d Entrecasteaux Expedition. The species name gibbosa means humped or rounded. The plant has a widespread distribution thoughout most of the southwestern, southern and eastern coastal areas of Australia and Tasmania. This photograph was taken in the reserve in February Look for usually with a longitudinal white stripe down each large petal. 5

10 Hibbertia hemignosta Dilleniaceae Hibbertia hemignosta was first collected by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss in The genus Hibbertia is named after George Hibbert, an English merchant and amateur botanist; while the species name hemignosta means partially known. The plant grows in scattered locations from Moora south to Albany and east to Esperance. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August Look for 9-12 stamens in 3 fascicles (bundles) with 1 or 2 free stamens per bundle; 2-5 orbicular (round) bracts. 6

11 Hibbertia huegelii Dilleniaceae Hibbertia huegelii was first collected at Swan River by visiting Austrian nobleman Baron Carl von Hügel in The species name huegelii is, of course, after its discoverer. It grows from Enneaba south to Collie and east to the Avon River. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August Look for leaves mm long and mm wide, margins closely revolute; stamens in 5 fascicles (bundles). 7

12 Hibbertia rupicola Dilleniaceae Hibbertia rupicola was first collected by C. Gray at Champion Bay (Geraldton) in 1873; and by Julia Susannah Wells, probably at Boxvale near York in The species name rupicola means rock dwelling, although it is found elsewhere as well. It grows from Geraldton south to Jerramungup and east to Cape Arid. This photograph was taken in the reserve in February Look for pointed sepals; stamens 9-15 in 3 bundles; carpels (at base of stamens) glabrous (no hairs). 8

13 Drosera miniata Droseraceae Drosera miniata was first collected by Cecil Rollo Payton Andrews at Quellington near York in Andrews was the first principal of the teachers training college at Claremont ( ), later Director of Education in WA ( ), and an amateur botanical collector. The genus name Drosera means dewy, in reference to the sticky leaf surfaces which entrap insects for ingestion; while the species name miniata means vermilion or scarlet. The plant grows from Geraldton to Perth to Kellerberrin. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October Look for 3 black-maroon stigmas. 9

14 Astroloma serratifolium Ericaceae Astroloma serratifolium was first collected by James Drummond in The genus name Astroloma refers to the tufts of hair inside the corolla tube of this genus; while the species name serratifolium means with finely toothed or serrated leaves. The Aboriginal name is Kondrung. The plant is common south of a line from Kalbarri to Ravensthorpe, except west of the Albany Highway. This photograph was taken in the reserve in June A drawing of the plant (as Stomarrhena serratifolia) in Icones Selectae Plantarum (1846) can be found at item/10263#page/112/mode/1up. 10

15 Conostephium preissii Ericaceae Conostephium preissii was first collected, as the name suggests, by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss in 1839 in both Fremantle and Armadale. The genus name Conostephium comes from two words meaning cone and crown. The plant grows from Dongara south to Harvey and east to Norseman. This photograph was taken in the reserve in February Look for bush up to 1.5 m tall; flowers up to 10 mm long. 11

16 Leucopogon cinereus Ericaceae Leucopogon cinereus was first collected by German botanist Friedrich Ludwig Emil Diels west of New Norcia in The genus name Leucopogon means white beard referring to the furry petals; while the species name cinereus means ash-coloured. The plant has a restricted distribution between Watheroo and Wallaby Hills. This photograph was taken in the reserve in July A drawing of the plant published in Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie (1905) can be viewed at biodiversitylibrary.org/item/660#page/501/mode/1up. Look for hairy obtuse leaves with prominent midrib. 12

17 Acacia pulchella Fabaceae Acacia pulchella was first collected by Robert Brown at King George Sound in It is one of the most common wattles in the Swan-Avon as it is an obligate seeder which regenerates quickly and flowers profusely after fire. The genus name Acacia is of ancient origin and its meaning is not known, although some suggest it could mean thorny; while the species name pulchella means pretty. An illustration of the plant published in Addisonia (1921) can be viewed at This photograph was taken in the reserve in August

18 Acacia sessilis Fabaceae Acacia sessilis was probably first collected by James Drummond, although the first dated specimen appears to have been collected at Herne Hill by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss in June The species name sessilis means without a stalk, in reference to the flowers. One of the earliest flowering acacias, this example was photographed in the reserve in June Look for simple pungent narrow (1 mm) leaves, about 7-25 mm long. 14

19 Acacia stenoptera Fabaceae Acacia stenoptera was first collected by NSW colonial botanist Charles Fraser at Swan River, most probably in 1827, when he accompanied Captain Stirling on his inspection of the river prior to first settlement. The species name stenoptera means with narrow wings. The plant grows to the west of a line from Mingenew to Jerramungup. This photograph was taken in the reserve in June Specimens collected by Charles Fraser presently held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k Look for phyllodes (leaves) continuous with branches forming wings. 15

20 Bossiaea spinescens Fabaceae Bossiaea spinescens was first collected by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss on the summit of Mount Bakewell, York in The genus Bossiaea commemorates Joseph Hugues Boissieu de La Martiniere, an eighteenth century French physician, biologist and botanist; while the species name spinescens means spiny. The plant grows from Shark Bay, south to Kojonup. These photographs were taken in the reserve in August An illustration in the Botanical Register (1843) can be viewed at Look for branchlets with spiny tips; leaves 2-11 mm long. 16

21 Chorizema aciculare subsp. laxum Fabaceae Chorizema aciculare was first collected along the south coast by William Baxter in and was grown from seed in Mackay s Nursery at Clapton, England. It was described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1825 as Podolobium aciculare; and by Robert Brown in 1826 as Chorizema henchmannii after Baxter s patron Francis Henchman. However Candolle s specific name had precedence as it was published earlier. The genus name Chorizema refers to the divided stamens; while the species name aciculare refers to the needle-like spines at the ends of the leaves. The plant has a wide distribution south of a line from Geraldton to Israelite Bay. This photograph (of the subspecies laxum) was taken in the reserve in August The more southern form (subspecies aciculare) is has pink or orange flowers. Look for leaves alternate, mm wide, spine at tip. 17

22 Daviesia decurrens Fabaceae Daviesia decurrens was first collected in the 1830s by both James Drummond and Ludwig Preiss. The species name decurrens means decurrent, in reference to the leaf (i.e. descending down the stem from the point of attachment). It grows west of a line from Geraldton to Narembeen to Cape Riche. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August Two of Drummond s specimens held in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k Look for leaves very decurrent, up to 65 mm long. 18

23 Daviesia hakeoides Fabaceae Daviesia hakeoides was first collected by either James Drummond or by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss near Albany in around The genus Daviesia was named after Welsh botanist and Anglican clergyman Hugh Davies (d. 1821); while the species name hakeoides means like a hakea. The plant grows from Kalbarri, south almost to Albany and east to Bodallin. This photograph (of D. hakeoides subsp. subnuda) was taken in the reserve in June One of the Preiss specimens housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k Look for phyllodes (leaves) less than 10 mm long (subsp. subnuda). 19

24 Daviesia microphylla Fabaceae Daviesia microphylla was first collected by either James Drummond or by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss at Halfway House (near The Lakes) in the Darling Range. The species name microphylla means with a tiny leaf. The plant grows in a discrete area from Bolgart to Tammin to Flint State Forest. This photograph was taken in the reserve in June Drummond s specimen held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at Look for thick, rigid leaves 2-6 mm long. 20

25 Daviesia nudiflora Fabaceae Daviesia nudiflora was probably first collected by James Drummond in the early 1830s. The species name nudiflora means with a naked flower, perhaps because these tend to grow in an unprotected position below the leaves. One of James Drummond s specimens held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, can be viewed at This photograph was taken in the reserve in July

26 Dillwynia laxiflora Fabaceae Dillwynia laxiflora was probably first collected by visiting Austrian nobleman Baron Carl von Hügel in The genus name Dillwynia was given in honour of Lewis Weston Dillwyn, an English botanist; while the species name laxiflora means with loose or well-spaced flowers. The plant grows south-west of a line joining New Norcia, Lake Grace and Albany. These photographs were taken in the reserve in July An illustration of the plant in Botanisches Archiv der Gartenbaugesellschaft des österreichischen Kaiserstaates (1837) can be viewed at uni-goettingen.de/id/ppn x_0002?tify={%22pages%22:[16]}. 22

27 Gastrolobium cyanophyllum Fabaceae Gastrolobium cyanophyllum was first collected by pharmacist and amateur botanist Oswald Hewlett Sargent in Sargent joined the WA Naturalists Club in 1924, and planned to write a flora of Western Australia, encouraging schoolchildren throughout the State to send him specimens, but the book never eventuated. The genus name Gastrolobium is derived from Greek words meaning stomach pod, in reference to the shape of the seed pods; while the species name cyanophyllum means with bluish leaves. The plant has a restricted distribution between Wundowie and Quairading. These photographs were taken in the reserve in September

28 Gastrolobium parvifolium Fabaceae Gastrolobium parvifolium was probably first collected by James Drummond and was described in John Lindley s Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony (1839). The species name parvifolium means with small leaves. In the 1840s, pastoralists were starting to blame Gastrolobium species for the many sheep and cattle losses along the Avon River. It was Drummond who carried out several experiments which demonstrated their toxic effect a poison known today as 1080, hence the common name Poison Plant. This particular species is found from Chidlow east to Holleton and from Wongan Hills south to Kukerin. The photograph on the left was taken in the reserve, and the albino form along Goldfields Road east of the reserve, in August Look for leaves about 6 mm long; racemes up to 40 mm long. 24

29 Isotropis cuneifolia Fabaceae Grannys Bonnets Isotropis cuneifolia was discovered by Archibald Menzies at King George Sound in 1791; and was described by James Edward Smith in 1808 as Callistachys cuneifolia. The genus name Isotropis refers to the symmetric structure of the keel of the flower, while cuneifolia means with a wedge-shaped leaf. The reverse side of the standard (i.e. the upright petal) is striped red. The plant is common throughout the south-west corner of the state, south of a line from Shark Bay to Esperance. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August Look for wedge-shaped leaves mm long, gradually tapering into petiole (leaf stalk); pedicel (flower stalk) much longer than calyx. 25

30 Jacksonia floribunda Fabaceae Jacksonia floribunda was probably first collected by Surveyor General John Septimus Roe in The genus Jacksonia was named after the Scottish botanist and curator George Jackson; while the species name floribunda means profusely flowering. The plant grows between Geraldton and Brookton. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October One of James Drummond s specimens held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k Look for holly-like leaves; flowers in sparse racemes. 26

31 Dampiera juncea Goodeniaceae Dampiera juncea was probably first collected by colonial botanist James Drummond in the 1830s. The genus Dampiera was named after William Dampier, English privateer, explorer and naturalist, who visited the west coast of New Holland in 1688, the first Englishman to do so. The species name juncea means rush-like, referring to the almost leafless growth form. An illustration in Das Pflanzenreich (1912) can be viewed at item/68128#page/201/mode/1up.this photograph was taken in the reserve in October Look for buds covered with grey tomentum (hairs); stem terete, rushlike; flowers about 2 cm long, usually solitary or 2-3; few or no leaves. 27

32 Dampiera linearis Goodeniaceae Dampiera linearis was first collected by Archibald Menzies at King George Sound in 1791; and was described by Robert Brown in The species name linearis means linear in reference to the linear or linear-obovate leaves. It has a wide distribution right across the south-west of Western Australia, south of a line from Geraldton to Ravensthorpe. At Wallaby Hills the colour of D. linearis ranges from the palest lavender to deep purple-blue. This photograph was taken in the reserve in September Look for leaves mealy hairy, flat; older leaves glabrous. 28

33 Dampiera spicigera Goodeniaceae Dampiera spicigera was probably first collected by James Drummond. The species name spicigera means bearing spikes. The plant grows from Shark Bay south to Quairading. These photographs were taken in the reserve in October An illustration in Das Pflanzenreich (1912) can be viewed at biodiversitylibrary.org/item/68128#page/188/mode/1up. Look for stems unribbed; flowers in racemes; leaves mm long and 2-10 mm wide, hairy. 29

34 Lechenaultia biloba Goodeniaceae Lechenaultia biloba was first collected by colonial botanist James Drummond in the 1830s and was described by John Lindley in his Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony (1839). The genus Lechenaultia was named after Jean- Baptiste Claude Théodore Leschenault de la Tour, , a botanist on the voyage of discovery under Captain Nicolas Baudin, which visited Australia in Note that the spelling of Lechenaultia (without the s) was due to Robert Brown using a latinized version of the name when he described the genus. The species name biloba refers to the corolla lobes the corolla has five lobes and when laid flat it resembles an open fan or a hand with spread fingers. In L. biloba the lobes themselves are again divided into two segments, from which the specific name is derived. This photograph was taken in the reserve in September Drummond s original specimen at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (still blue after more than 185 years) can be viewed at org/herbcat/getimage.do?imagebarcode=k

35 Verreauxia reinwardtii Goodeniaceae Verreauxia reinwardtii was first collected by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss at York in The genus Verreauxia was named after Jules Pierre Verreaux, a French botanist and ornithologist who travelled to Tasmania in 1845 to collect plants. He returned to France in 1851 with a natural history collection reported to contain 15,000 items. The species reinwardtii was named after Caspar George Carl Reinwardt, a Prussian-born Dutch botanist who worked for some years in the Dutch East Indies. The plant grows from Kalbarri south to Wagin. These photographs were taken in the reserve in February Some of James Drummond s specimens collected in 1843 can be viewed at 31

36 Anigozanthos humilis Haemodoraceae Anigozanthos humilis was probably first collected by James Drummond and was described John Lindley s Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony (1839). The genus name Anigozanthos refers to the unequal lobes of the flowers; while the species name humilis means humble or low, in this case low-growing. The plant is widespread across the south-west, south of a line from Kalbarri to Ravensthorpe. This photograph was taken in the reserve in September Lindley s illustration of the plant can be found at biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29179#page/145/mode/1up. Some of James Drummond s specimens housed at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at 32

37 Conostylis setigera Haemodoraceae Conostylis setigera was first collected by Archibald Menzies at King George Sound in 1791 during the Vancouver Expedition. It was described by Robert Brown in The genus name Conostylis refers to the cone-shaped style; while the species name setigera means with stiff hairs or bristles, referring to the leaf. The plant has a wide distribution south of a line from Coorow to Ravensthorpe. This photograph was taken in the reserve in September An illustration of the plant in Dumont d Urville s Voyage de la corvette l Astrolabe (1833) can be viewed at item/15396#page/70/mode/1up. Look for anthers arranged in two rows, inner row lower than outer row. 33

38 Stypandra glauca Hemerocallidaceae Stypandra glauca was first collected by Robert Brown at King George Sound in 1801 and was described by him in The genus name Stypandra is a reference to the staminal filament hairs which are beard-like in appearance; while the species name glauca refers to the foliage which is glaucous or blue-green in colour, with a whitish bloom. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August An illustration of the plant in Curtis Botanical Magazine (1835) can be viewed at biodiversitylibrary.org/item/14341#page/139/mode/1up. Look for staminal filaments with dense woolly beard in upper part; flowers not twisted after flowering. 34

39 Cassytha flava Lauraceae Cassytha flava is a parasitic climber. It was first collected by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss at Fremantle in The genus name Cassytha come from the Greek word for a similar plant Cuscuta sp.; while the species name flava means yellow. Cassythas have wiry stems that twine round the host clockwise, until the host ultimately dies. This particular species occurs west of a line from Geraldton to Hopetoun. The photograph was taken in the reserve in February Look for plant pubescent (hairy); long peduncles (flower stems); globular flower heads. 35

40 Patersonia occidentalis Iridaceae Patersonia occidentalis was first collected by Robert Brown at King George Sound in 1801 and at Lucky Bay in The genus name Patersonia commemorates William Paterson, who was a soldier, explorer and lieutenantgovernor of NSW, He was also one of the earliest botanists of that colony. The species name occidentalis means from the west. The plant grows throughout the south-west, south of a line from Shark Bay to Cape Arid. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October An illustration of the plant published in Edwards s Botanical Register (1839) can be viewed at Look for several leaves, bases sheathing the stem, flat; sheathing bract below flower smooth. 36

41 Hemiandra pungens Lamiaceae Hemiandra pungens was first collected by Robert Brown at King George Sound in The genus name Hemiandra refers to the anthers being 1-celled; while the species name pungens means sharp in reference to the sharply pointed leaves. The plant grows south of a line from Dongara to Bremer Bay. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October An illustration in Flore des serres et des jardins de l'europe (1855) can be found at Look for pungent (spiny) leaves. 37

42 Orianthera flaviflora Loranthaceae Orianthera flaviflora was first collected by James Drummond. It was originally called Logania in honour of the colonial American botanist, astronomer and mathematician James Logan. However it has recently been transferred to the genus Orianthera which name refers to the characteristic insertion of the anthers in the sinus between the corolla lobes of all species of this genus, and morphologically distinguishes it from Logania. The species name flaviflora means with a yellow flower. The plant grows from Kalbarri south to the Stirling Range and Ravensthorpe. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October Drummond s specimens held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at apps.kew.org/herbcat/getimage.do?imagebarcode=k

43 Thomasia macrocalyx Malvaceae Thomasia macrocalyx was first collected near Bunbury by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss in The genus Thomasia was named after Peter and Abraham Thomas who were collectors of Swiss plants in the mid 18th century; while the species name macrocalyx means with a large or long calyx. It grows south-west of a line from Three Springs to Cape Arid. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August Look for leaves mm long, 5-11 mm wide, not lobed; calyx mm long, lobes fused to about half their length; corolla mm long. 39

44 Calothamnus sanguineus Myrtaceae Calothamnus sanguineus was first collected by Jacques Labillardière at Geographe Bay during the d Entrecasteaux Expedition on The genus name Calothamnus is derived from Greek words meaning beautiful shrub, while the species name sanguineus means blood-coloured. This particular species flowers in autumn when few other plants are flowering and is therefore important to honeyeaters which have few resources available to them at this time. This photograph was taken in the reserve in June Look for hairy floral tube, upper staminal claw connate (joined) from base to filaments, lower staminal claws with few or no filaments. 40

45 Calytrix strigosa Myrtaceae Calyrtix strigosa was first collected by Allan Cunningham at Dirk Hartog Island during Philip Parker King s survey of the Australian coastline in The genus Calytrix means calyx-hair, in reference to the awns on the sepals; while strigosa means ragged or untidy. Its distribution extends mainly to the north of York, as far as Shark Bay. These photographs were taken in the reserve in October Cunningham s specimen held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k

46 Eremaea pauciflora Myrtaceae Eremaea pauciflora (fruit) was first collected by Allan Cunningham, presumably when he visited the west coast between 1818 and The genus name Eremaea means solitary, in reference to the single flowers at the end of the shoots; while the species name pauciflora means with few flowers. The plant grows south-west of a line from Kalbarri to Coolgardie. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October Some of James Drummond s specimens at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k

47 Hypocalymma angustifolium Myrtaceae Hypocalymma angustifolium was first collected at Swan River either by James Drummond or visiting Austrian nobleman Carl von Hügel prior to The genus name Hypocalymma means under a hood, referring to the way in which the calyx covers the flower when in bud. The species name angustifolium means with a narrow leaf. It grows from Geraldton south to Albany. This photograph was taken in the reserve in July Look for flowers 5-8 mm across, leaves mm long. 43

48 Melaleuca pungens Myrtaceae Melaleuca pungens was probably first collected in the York area by James Drummond in The genus name Melaleuca means both dark and white, referring to the first sightings of melaleucas which apparently had black trunks and white branches. The species name pungens means sharp or prickly. The plant grows from Badgingarra south to Mount Barker and east as far as Southern Cross. This photograph was taken about 15 km east of Wallaby Hills Nature Reserve in October Look for leaves mm long, pungent. 44

49 Melaleuca tuberculata Myrtaceae Melaleuca tuberculata was first collected by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss between King George Sound and York in The species name tuberculata refers to the tiny tubers or bumps on the leaves. The plant grows from York to Collie, to Porogurup, to Cape Arid. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October Look for leaves glaucous (blue-green with a whitish bloom). 45

50 Verticordia picta Myrtaceae Verticordia picta was first collected by surveyor general John Septimus Roe in 1836 when he explored eastward from Swan River into what is now the central wheatbelt. The genus name Verticordia is from the Latin meaning turner of hearts ; while the species name picta means painted, or in other words like a picture. It is pollinated by tiny black native bees of the genus Euhesma. The plant grows from Kalbarri to Kalgoorlie, to Salmon Gums, to Tenterden. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October

51 Caladenia falcata Orchidaceae Caladenia falcata was first collected by James Drummond in The genus name Caladenia refers to the colourful labellum and glistening glands at the base of the column; while the species name falcata means shaped like a scythe, presumably in reference to the overall shape of the upcurved lateral sepals. It grows from Wongan Hills to Albany to Salmon Gums. This photograph was taken in the reserve in September Look for calli not extending to maroon tip of labellum. 47

52 Caladenia reptans Orchidaceae Caladenia reptans was probably first collected by James Drummond in the 1830s. It was described in John Lindley s Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony in The species name reptans means creeping, in reference to its low stature. This orchid grows from Kalbarri in the north to Albany in the south and east to Esperance. It is similar to Caladenia latifolia but is a deeper shade of pink and not so tall. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August In the Swan-Avon, the plant does not occur much further east than Wallaby Hills. Some of James Drummond s specimens held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k

53 Diuris corymbosa Orchidaceae Diuris corymbosa appears to have been first collected by medical practitioner, explorer and first government resident at Albany, Alexander Collie, at King George Sound in the early 1830s. The genus name Diuris means with a double tail, referring to the hanging lateral sepals; while the species name corymbosa means a cluster of flowers. The plant grows west of a line from Leeman to Southern Cross to Grass Patch. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August An illustration in The Botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror (1860) can be viewed at mode/1up. Look for protruding mid-lobe to the labellum. 49

54 Elythranthera brunonis Orchidaceae The Purple Enamel Orchid Elythranthera brunonis was first collected at King George Sound in 1834 by Austrian nobleman Baron Carl von Hügel; and was described by Stephan Endlicher in 1839 under the name Glossodia brunonis. The genus name Elythranthera is derived from the Ancient Greek word elytron meaning cover and the Latin word anthera meaning anthers. It refers to the prominently hooded column. The species brunonis was named after Robert Brown. The plant grows west of a line from Three Springs to Ravensthorpe, and east to Cape Arid. These photographs were taken in the reserve in October Look for white labellum folding up and then back. 50

55 Pterostylis vittata Orchidaceae Pterostylis vittata was probably first collected by Alexander Collie at King George Sound in the early 1830s. The species name vittata means striped, or banded. According to Hoffman and Brown (1998), this species has an irritable labellum which flicks up when an insect lands on it. They will then have only one avenue of escape, past both the stigma and the anther. Plants can grow up to 45 cm tall and produce up to 25 flowers per stem. The specimens collected by Collie, now held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, can be viewed at This photograph was taken in the reserve in July

56 Marianthus bicolor Pittosporaceae Marianthus bicolor was first collected by visiting Austrian nobleman Carl von Hügel in about The genus name Marianthus is after Maria, the Virgin Mary, because of its white flowers; while bicolor means two-coloured referring to the red and white a somewhat contradictory name. The plant grows throughout the south-west corner of the state, south of a line from Shark Bay to Point Culver. It is a climber but oftens forms a compact tangled bush. This photograph was taken in the reserve in January Look for leaves mm long; petals mm long. 52

57 Banksia prionotes Proteaceae Banksia prionotes was first collected by James Drummond at Swan River in the 1830s. The genus Banksia was named after Joseph Banks who accompanied James Cook in 1770 and later founded Kew Gardens; while the species name prionotes refers to the serrated leaf margins (like a saw). The plant grows from Shark Bay, south to Kojonup. This photograph was taken in the reserve in March 2018, when little else was flowering. 53

58 Banksia fraseri Proteaceae Banksia fraseri was first collected by NSW colonial botanist Charles Fraser in 1827 when he accompanied Captain Stirling on his inspection of the Swan River prior to first settlement. The genus Banksia was named after Joseph Banks who accompanied James Cook in 1770 and later founded Kew Gardens. The species name is after its discoverer. The plant grows from Kalbarri in the north to Tenterden in the south and has five subspecies, of which the nominate form is shown here. The photographs were taken in the reserve in June 2014 and July 2017 One of Charles Fraser s specimens held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k

59 Banksia purdieana Proteaceae Banksia purdieana was first collected in 1888, either by Miss M. Eaton, daughter of the proprietor of the Youndegin Inn; or by W.A. Sayer and A. Carlson between York and Hampton Plains ; or by all three of them. Sayer was a member of the Field Naturalist s Club of Victoria, who was in Western Australia collecting for Ferdinand Mueller. It appears he was with Carlson, a prospector, also from Victoria, the pair presumably travelling east by way of Youndegin Inn, as was the accepted route to the goldfields at that time. One can imagine that Miss Eaton might have been keen to share her local knowledge of the area. The species purdieana was named after Alexander Purdie, a New Zealander who became Director of Technical Education in Western Australia and who studied orchids as a hobby. The plant grows from Eneabba south to Wagin and east to Forrestania. This photograph was taken in Wallaby Hills Reserve in July

60 Banksia sessilis Proteaceae Banksia sessilis (formerly Dryandra sessilis) was first collected by Archibald Menzies at King George Sound in 1791 during the Vancouver Expedition to the Americas. The species name sessilis means without a stalk in this case without a flower stalk. An illustration of the plant published in Curtis s Botanical Magazine (1813) can be found at mode/1up. This photograph was taken in the reserve in June 2018 Look for shrub or tree to 5m or more; flower with no pedicel (stalk). 56

61 Grevillea uncinulata Proteaceae Grevillea uncinulata was probably first collected by botanist and phycologist William Henry Harvey in 1854 when he travelled between Perth and King George Sound in George Maxwell s mail cart. The genus Grevillea was named after Charles Francis Greville, a friend of Sir Joseph Banks; while the species name uncinulata means with small hooks, in reference to the leaf apex. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October Harvey s specimen held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at herbcat/getimage.do?imagebarcode=k Look for leaf margins revolute enclosing lower surface of blade. 57

62 Hakea lissocarpha Proteaceae Hakea lissocarpha was first collected by Charles Fraser at Swan River in 1827 when he and Captain Stirling surveyed the area with a view to future settlement and travelled up the river as far as Upper Swan. It was described by Robert Brown in The genus Hakea was named after Christian Ludwig von Hake, a German horticulturalist; while the species name lissocarpha refers to the smooth bracts surrounding the flower buds. It is very sweetly scented, some would say sickly scented, which feral bees find very attractive. A pure white form is very common. The plant grows throughout the south-west from Kalbarri to Cape Arid. This photograph was taken in the reserve in July

63 Hakea trifurcata Proteaceae Hakea trifurcata was first collected by Archibald Menzies at King George Sound in 1791 during the Vancouver Expedition to the Americas. The plant is remarkable for having two leaf forms occurring on the same plant. The species name trifurcata means three pronged or forking into three, in reference to just the narrow terete leaf form. Menzies specimen, alongside those of Allan Cunningham and William Baxter, all collected at King George Sound in 1791, 1821 and 1829 respectively and now held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, can be viewed at kew.org/herbcat/getimage.do?imagebarcode=k This photograph was taken in the reserve in July

64 Isopogon divergens Proteaceae Isopogon divergens was first collected by NSW colonial botanist Charles Fraser at Swan River in 1827 when he accompanied Captain Stirling on his inspection of the river prior to first settlement. The genus name Isopogon is from the Greek isos, meaning equal, and pogon, a beard, referring to the hairs that evenly cover the fruit; while the species name divergens means divergent or spreading, in reference to the branching leaves. The plant grows from Kalbarri south to Lake Grace. It also occurs in the Perth area. This photograph was taken in the reserve in October

65 Stirlingia latifolia Proteaceae Stirlingia latifolia was first collected at King George Sound by William Baxter in , but was not described by Robert Brown until The species name latifolia means with a broad leaf. The plant grow along the western coastline and in the Albany area. An illustration of the plant at the Australian National Herbarium website can be viewed at Look for leaves up to 300 mm long and up to 10 mm wide. 61

66 Synaphea spinulosa Proteaceae Synaphea spinulosa was possibly first collected during the voyage of Willem de Vlaming in Vlaming landed on Rottnest Island, explored the lower reaches the Swan River and landed on Dirk Hartog Island where he replaced Dirk Hartog s pewter plate. The plant was described by Nicolaas Laurens Burman (1768) under the name Polypodium spinulosum. Burman s illustration of the leaf can be viewed at mode/1up. The genus name Synaphea means a connection; while the species name spinulosa means very spiny. The distribution of the nominate subspecies spinulosa extends from Kalbarri to Mandurah and east to Quairading. This photograph (of subspecies spinulosa) was taken in the reserve in October

67 Cryptandra pungens Rhamnaceae Cryptandra pungens was first collected by William Baxter at King George Sound, probably in 1829; but it was not described until 1845 by Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel. The genus name Cryptandra means hidden anthers, as these tend to be covered by the petals; while the species name pungens refers to the vicious spines along the branchlets. The species has a wide distribution across the south-west, south of a line from Geraldton to Cape Arid but avoiding the south-west capes. This photograph was taken in the reserve in August Look for spinescent branchlets; hairy calyx; leaves in fascicles (bunches). 63

68 Boronia ramosa subsp. anethifolia Rutaceae Boronia ramosa was probably first collected by colonial botanist James Drummond and was described in John Lindley s Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony (1839).The genus Boronia was named after the young Italian botanist Francesco Borone, who came to a rather tragic end in Athens aged only 25; while the species name ramosa means branched in reference to the compound leaves. The subspecific name anethifolia refers to the leaves shaped like the culinary herb dill (Anethum sp.). This subspecies grows from north of Geraldton south to Albany and east to Esperance. The photograph above was taken in the reserve in September Look for leaves trifoliate (divided into three) or once again trifoliate, mm long. 64

69 Trymalium angustifolium Rutaceae Trymalium angustifolium was probably first collected by James Drummond. The genus name Trymalium apparently means the eye of a needle in reference to slits in the top of the fruit; while the species name angustifolium means narrowleaved. The plant grows from Mingenew south to Collie. This photograph was taken in the reserve in July One of James Drummond s specimens, held at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew can be viewed at do?imagebarcode=k

70 Stylidium dichotomum Stylidiaceae Stylidium dichotomum was first collected by James Drummond prior to 1839, when it was described. The genus Stylidium was so named for the distinctive reproductive structure of the style; while the species name dichotomum means forked or split two ways, presumably in reference to the branching habit of the flowers. In Perth the flowers are more commonly pale to mid pink. It is distributed from Kalbarri almost to Esperance. These photographs were taken in the reserve in October 2016 when it was flowering profusely. Look for calyx tube linear, 1 cm long. 66

71 Stylidium piliferum Stylidiaceae The Common Butterfly Triggerplant Stylidium piliferum was discovered by Robert Brown at King George Sound in 1801; and described by him in The name piliferum means bearing hairs, in reference to the leaf. It grows across the south west of Western Australia, south of a line from Lancelin to Israelite Bay. These photographs were taken in the reserve in August Look for leaves up to 3 cm long in basal rosette, a long hair at the apex of the leaf, leaf margins transparent fringed. 67

72 Stylidium perula Stylidiaceae Stylidium perula was first collected by botanist and biologist Sherwin Carlquist in The species name perula means a small sac or pocket, in reference to the pouch-like swelling at the column extremity. The flowers range in colour from white to pink. The plant has a restricted distribution from York to Corrigin to Wickepin. These photographs were taken in the reserve in October

73 Chamaescilla spiralis Xanthorrhoeaceae Chamaescilla spiralis was first collected by visiting German botanist Ludwig Preiss at Albany in It was described by Stephan Endlicher in 1846 as Caesia spiralis. The species name spiralis means spiraling, in reference to the leaves. It grows from Coorow south to Albany and east to Esperance. This photograph was taken in the reserve in September An illustration of the plant in the Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany, (1913) can be viewed at Look for style exceeding anthers; 9-20 spiraling leaves. 69

74 Xanthorrhoea drummondii Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea drummondii was described by the botanist William Henry Harvey in 1855, as being distinct from the Perth species Xanthorrhoea preissii. This grasstree grows in more inland areas in scattered locations between Kalbarri and the Stirling Range. Look for grasstree to 4.5 m tall; leaves glaucous; scape (stem) m long, spike (flower) m long. 70

75 References The information in this volume regarding the first collector and/or author of a species, the derivation of the generic and specific names, and some of the features to look for in particular species, was accumulated from a great number of sources, many of them freely available on the internet. Some of the primary sources of information were:- Archer, W. Esperance Wildflowers, au/ Australian Plant Name Index, Australian Plant Collectors and Illustrators, Australian National Herbarium, Blackall, W.E. and Grieve, B.J How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers. Parts I, II, III. University of Western Australia Press: Nedlands. Botanic Gardens of Adelaide. Seeds of South Australia online at saseedbank.com.au/. Brown, R.B Supplementum primum prodromi floræ Novae Hollandiae: exhibens Proteaceas Novas quas in Australasia legerunt DD. Baxter, Caley, Cunningham, Fraser et Sieber. Biodiversity Heritage Library, Chinnock, R. J Eremophila and allied genera A monograph of the Myoporaceae. Rosenberg: Dural. Crisp, M.D., Cayzer, L., Chandler, G.T. and Cook, L.G A monograph of Daviesia (Mirbelieae, Faboideae, Fabaceae). Phytotaxa 300: Online at phytotaxa /

76 Curry, S., Maslin, B.R. and Maslin, J.A Allan Cunningham: Australian Collecting Localities. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra. Daw, B., Walley, T. and Keighery, G Bush Tucker. Plants of the South- West. Department of Environment and Conservation: Perth. Dumont d Urville, J.S.C , Voyage de découvertes autour du monde et à la recherche de la Pérouse sur la corvette L Astrolabe pendant les années Translation from the French by A. Hossen, Lands Dept, Perth of those portions of the work relating to King George Sound, Sept-Oct Battye Library, PR Duyker, E Citizen Labillardie re : a naturalist's life in revolution and exploration ( ). Miegunyah Press: Carlton South. Flora of Australia Online at abrs/online-resources/flora/main/index.html Friends of Queens Park Bushland website, friendsofqueensparkbushland.org.au/ George, E.A. (Berndt) Verticordia. The Turner of Hearts. Illustrated by M. Pieroni. University of Western Australia Press: Crawley. Grieve, B.J How to Know Western Australian Wildflowers. Part II. University of Western Australia Press: Nedlands. Groves, E.W Archibald Menzies's visit to King George Sound, Western Australia, September-October Archives of natural history, 40 (1): Hoffman, N. and Brown, A Orchids of South-West Australia. UWA Press: Perth. Holliday, I Melaleucas. A Field and Garden Guide. Reed New Holland: Frenches Forest. Kapitany, A. Australian Succulents, KeyBase (2017). Flowering plants of Australia. Online at vic.gov.au. 72