Biodiversity Species List for County Donegal (with priorities)

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GAIA ASSOCIATES

Biodiversity Species List for County Donegal (with priorities)

May 2009

An Action of the County Donegal Heritage Plan (2007-2011)

CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 REFERENCES 4 PRIORITY SPECIES 5 FUNGI 11 PLANTS 17 Algae 17 Lichens 20 Bryophytes 24 Ferns and Flowering Plants 28 ANIMALS 50 Flatworms 50 Earthworms 50 Molluscs 51 Arthropods 55 Crustaceans 55 Harpacticoida 55 Woodlice 55 Aracnids 56 Ticks 56 Spiders 56 Harvestmen 57 False Scorpions 57 Centipedes 57 Millipedes 57 Insects 58 Lacewings 58 Dragonflies 58 Bugs 59 Booklice etc. 60 Butterflies and Moths 62 Flies 69 Hymenoptera 72 Beetles 77 Chordates 82 Fish 82 Amphibians 84 Reptiles 84 Birds 85 Mammals 89 Cover Photographs A Moth Buff-tip Phalera bucephala A Lichen Lungwort Lobaria pulmonaria A Mammal Stoat Mustela erminea A Vascular Plant Pyramidal Orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis River and Blanket Bog: Bullaba River, Glenveagh National Park Coast: Five Fingers Strand Woodland: Ardnamona Nature Reserve

DONEGAL SPECIES LIST

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to many individuals who have helped with access to unpublished data as well as pointing me towards published papers. They include Bob Aldwell, Roy Anderson, Ken Bond, Stuart Dunlop, Garth Foster, Úna Fitzpatrick, Howard Fox, Joseph Gallagher, Mark Hill, Neil Lockhart, Alex Lockton, Liam Lysaght, Stephen McCormack, Peter McGroary, David McNeill, Jim O’Connor, Lynne Rendle, Eugenie Regan and Angus Tyner. My thanks also to County Donegal Heritage Office, Donegal County Council, The Heritage Council, The National Biodiversity Data Centre and the National Parks and Wildlife Service who have all facilitated this report in various ways. INTRODUCTION This study was commissioned by Donegal County Council as part of the County Donegal Heritage Plan (2007-2011) and following the production of the draft Biodiversity Action Plan for County Donegal (2007). It attempts to list those species in all groups of flora and fauna (excluding microbes) recorded in Donegal. The task is dependent on the work of many specialists who record their findings in peer-reviewed journals. Gathering together published records of new species into group lists is itself the work of experts in each of the groups, and has not yet been done for every group. And often those compilations which do exist are long out of date. On the other hand, the internet has allowed many amateur and professional naturalists to communicate their findings in a much more synergistic fashion, and new records sometimes appear there long before they reach formal publication. While reporting on the internet allows useful knowledge of new species to be communicated quickly, it can frustrate the necessary scientific validation which the journals provide. Even where a formal county record for a species exists, the level of information readily available varies greatly. So for a few groups, it is possible to give an indication of conservation status and select priority species, but for most, that is still a long way down the road.

Priority Species The selection of Priority species for which action should be taken is one of the principle objectives of a Local Biodiversity Action Plan. This is not always possible due to lack of information. Priority status should be clearly defined in a manner which is consistent for all groups, and in line with national and international practice. It includes an assessment of (1) the rate of change of the population (usually decline), and what proportion of (2) the national population or (3) the geographical range lies within the local area. As Donegal is very much under-recorded, it is hard to answer No.2, and as we have not yet established a base line for most groups, we can only speculate on No.1. No.3 is less problematical in that the number of counties occupied by a species is usually known. On this basis we can at least list species which are known to be nationally rare1. The other piece of important information is whether or not a species is listed as Priority in adjacent jurisdictions, and this we have. So a tentative list of species is given here which should contain most, if not all, of the true Priority Species.

The National Situation As a preliminary to the first National Biodiversity Plan (2002), two desk-studies were carried out to compile totals in all groups of Irish flora and fauna (Purcell 1996, and Neff 1996). Purcell reported the existence within Ireland of 14,616 species of animal (of which 614 are single-celled “microbes”). Neff reported that plants include 3,118 species in the better-known groups – Vascular Plants, Bryophytes and Lichens. There are 3,500 recorded species of Fungi (the true total is thought to be closer to 7,800 species). Algae numbers are deemed unknown, but include 524 species of seaweed, and 181 species of marine phytoplankton, with an additional estimate of 700-1,000 species of desmids (freshwater micro-algae). So plant species come to a minimum total of about 8,000. As indicated already for fungi, new Irish species are being recorded all the time in the smaller and more obscure groups of both plants and animals, and new arrivals or casual visitors are regularly recorded in groups of mobile species like birds, or marine flora and fauna. If the numbers above seem large in comparison with what the averagely interested person is aware of in their own experience, they are small in comparison with what is present in most other countries of similar size, as a result two major factors. Firstly, the slate in Ireland was more or less wiped clean by the last ice age, so that most

1 This is more formally assessed in a National Red List, which is drawn up using similar guidelines from the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources).


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species have had only the last 10,000 years to find their way here, and find a habitat in which they can survive. Secondly, Ireland’s location, as an island separated from the continental land mass by a stretch of ocean, has slowed up that process of re-colonisation, so that almost all group totals are still only a fraction of what is present in a similar area on the continent.

Donegal Most Irish habitats are present in every coastal county (rather fewer in inland ones), especially a large and varied county like Donegal. So any one county is going to have much more than its 26th share of the national total. In fact, we can reasonably expect to have present within Donegal more than half the national total of all species. But lack of recording effort means that except for a few exceptionally well-studied groups (birds, mammals, plants, moths, butterflies, dragonflies etc.) the total known will be far short of that. In most groups of small and obscure invertebrate animals, many widespread species will be represented by only a handful of scattered records around the country, and Donegal is often not one of those, being so far from the main centres of research in Dublin, Galway or Cork. A good example is the Mosquitoes. A publication listing and mapping records of all 18 Irish species shows that records were drawn from virtually the whole country – apart from Donegal and a few midland counties (Ashe et al. 1991). So we appear to have no species, which is certainly not the case.

The Lists To make sense of the lists which follow, a few guidelines are necessary. Firstly, the lists proceed in “Systematic Order”. This means from the most primitive to the most advanced, or most ancient to most recent in terms of evolutionary development - so single-celled microbes like bacteria come first (not dealt with in this report) and vertebrates always come last. Plants come before animals (although it makes little sense to debate whether an advanced plant is more primitive than an ancient group of animals). Systematic order also exists for species within groups, but here we adopt alphabetical order for convenience – using English names where they exist, but as most groups don’t have English names, the internationally recognised scientific names are always given. The fundamental unit, recognised by scientists and the public alike, is the SPECIES, the exclusive inter-breeding group of organisms. But species are not totally isolated – they are set within a hierarchy of relationships. The main levels are listed below (intermediate groups like Sub-order, or Super-family, are only used where needed). KINGDOM – Until recently, all organisms were deemed to belong to one or other of only two kingdoms: plants or animals. Several more are now recognised, but of these only Fungi are multi-celled organisms and are dealt with here. PHYLUM – a small number of very large groups of very ancient origins. These are independent lineages with quite different basic body plans e.g. molluscs (snails, shellfish, octopi), radially symmetric animals (starfish, sea anemones), animals with outside skeletons (insects, crustaceans etc.) and animals with backbones (vertebrates, along with a few obscure relatives, make up the Phylum Chordata). CLASS – within the Phylum Mollusca, for example, snails and shellfish are grouped as separate classes. Within chordates, the vertebrate groups (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish) are different classes. ORDER – in the Class Insecta, dragonflies and beetles are different orders, but butterflies and moths are within the same order. Among vertebrate mammals, rodents and cetaceans (whales and dolphins) are separate orders. FAMILY – familiar wildlflower families include orchids, grasses, or the daisy family. Among carnivores, the cat family includes everything from the domestic tabby to the Lynx and the Tiger. GENUS – things are less obvious at this level. Genera (genus is singular) are groups of closely related species. SPECIES – the fundamental unit. Although always evolving, species are pure breeding lines which go back in most cases for millions of years. Individuals are mostly incapable of breeding with any individual from another species. Hybrids do occasionally occur, and can lead to the development of a new species. But more usually they are infertile, or eliminated by continued breeding within one of the parent species. One of the better known species is Homo sapiens. SUB-SPECIES – isolated populations of a species which are recognizably different. If remaining in isolation they will continue to evolve until they can no longer breed with the parent population. They would then be a new species. The scientific names are always the Genus first (with an initial capital letter) followed by the Species (with a small letter), and if relevant, the Sub-species (also with a small letter). In texts, Genus and species names are always written in Italics. TAXA (singular TAXON) is a word used to include a mixture of distinctive forms, e.g. species, sub-species and hybrids, and used in the lists instead of Species.


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The number of families is so large that it would be difficult and confusing to list them all, so those groups broken down as far as family level are selective. The classification of species in many of the groups which are not broken down, e.g. plants and birds, can easily be found in standard field guides. Classification is an artificial attempt to bring order to what in nature doesn’t require ordering. So there is no real parallel between a family of plants and a family of insects, although the idea of families is none-the-less useful. So within some groups there are intermediate categories that have to be recognised, and for these alone sub- or super- categories are used. Also in some groups – Lepidoptera, Mollusc, Beetles, Fish – there are entirely artificial groupings used for convenience which distinguish between moths and butterflies, or separate marine families from freshwater families. A different heading style is used for these. KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER

SUB-ORDER

SUPER- FAMILY

FAMILY No.of Species

FUNGI 471 PLANTS Algae Marine Algae 344 Lichens 621 Bryophytes 547 Vascular 1218 ANIMALS Platyhelmenthes 4 Annelida 5 Molluscs 356 Arthropods Crustaceans Harpacticoida 29 Isopods Woodlice 9 Aracnids Ticks 1 Spiders 126 Harvestmen 13 False Scorpions 2 Centipedes 4 Millipedes 9 Insects Lacewings 13 Dragonflies 18 Bugs Hemiptera 93 Homoptera 4 Booklice etc. 13 Biting Lice 2 Sucking Lice 1 Lepidoptera Butterflies 28 Micro-Moths 202 Macro-Moths 388 Flies Non-biting Midges 144 Louse-flies 2 Lesser Dung Flies 3 Hoverflies 46 other flies (mixed) 61 Hymenoptera Sawflies 68 Apocrita Cypnipoidea Gallwasps 10 Proctotrupoidea 24 Chalcidoidea 10 Ichneuomonoidea Braconidae 35 Ichneumonidae 258 Apoidea Bees 43 Beetles Ground Beetles 104 Ladybirds 9 Bark Beetles 5 Water Beetles 161 Chordates Fish 122 Amphibians 2 Reptiles 2 Birds 321 Mammals 46

TOTAL 5,997

TABLE 1: Simplified classification of life groups, with species totals recorded in Donegal.


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REFERENCES General works are given here. Works specific to a particular list are cited with the list in question. Anon (April 2002). National Biodiversity Plan. Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands. Ashe, P., J.P. O’Connor and R.J. Casey (1991). Irish Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): A checklist of the species and their known distribution. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. Section B. Vol. 91, B, No. 2. Neff, J.A. (May 1996). Biodiversity in Ireland – a review of species diversity in the Irish Flora. A report for the Heritage Policy Unit of the Department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht. Purcell, Paul (March-May 1996). Biodiversity in Ireland – an inventory of biological diversity on a taxonomic

basis. A report for the Heritage Policy Unit of the Department of Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht. Woodrow Wildlife Consulting (November 2007). County Donegal Draft Biodiversity Action Plan: An Action of

the County Donegal Heritage Plan (2007-2011). Donegal County Council.


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PRIORITY SPECIES There isn’t as yet any agreed and workable formula for deciding on what species should be prioritized at county level. International and national methodologies require data about population changes, which don’t normally exist for Irish counties. Even if they did, it’s not clear if the species that would be identified by these formulae would be the ones we would really need to focus on. A system has been developed for Ireland using bees as an example, and a full Red List has been published for Water Beetles. But it would need some work to apply these to local level. A more ad hoc system has been applied to macro moths in Donegal, and is outlined below. It gives some idea of how local priority species can be selected. However, all these schemes tend to concentrate on what is rare and vulnerable. There is a case for also considering species like Primrose, a much-loved flower which is happily still quite common. But it is declining rapidly, and the long banks of lemon-yellow once such a feature of early Spring are now a thing of the past, as a result of mechanical methods of roadside management, and more complex changes in farming practices. To retain Primrose performing its historic function in rural ecosystems, its conservation may need some attention now. The lists which follow are only an indication of what species might be regarded as Priority. The reason a species is chosen is given in the Notes or Comments column, and where no such comment is seen, it can be assumed the reason is simply that the species is nationally rare. It is worth noting that the highest level of risk for any surviving species in Donegal is for a bird, but not the much celebrated Corncrake – it is for the Balearic Shearwater, with a world population of 2000 pairs declining at 7.4% annually, and listed by the IUCN as Critically Endangered. The Balearic Shearwater is a pelagic seabird, passing in tiny numbers through Donegal inshore waters in late Summer and Autumn. It breeds on small uninhabited islets in the Mediterranean.

PRIORITY LIST - MACRO MOTHS

For this group only, the methodology for selecting priority species is given in detail – mainly because enough is known to do more than simply note species known to be rare elsewhere. So as a starting point, all 30 macro moths chosen are rare, or at least very scarce, but the list excludes many other species which are also rare (data to March 2009). By and large, all of the chosen 30 have clear habitat requirements and/or known colonies. Those omitted have less clear requirements or distributions, or are of less urgent need. Three of the species listed (Small Chocolate-tip, Streak and Sword-grass) are questionable for various reasons, and may be removed from the list in future editions. In the table, abundance in Ireland is inferred from the number of 10km squares in which the species is currently known, as revealed in the maps of the MothsIreland website. But for Donegal, where old records have also been mapped (in the DonegalMoths website), abundance is derived from the number of 10km squares from which records exist at any time, out of a total of 83 squares in the county. For example, Juniper Pug is mapped in 6 Irish 10km squares, of which 3 are from Donegal. So 50% of all known sites are in Donegal. As the MothsIreland and DonegalMoths databases grow, these figures are likely to change, but for most species, the balance is not likely to change dramatically. Group 1 Donegal species with 5 or fewer 10km squares in Ireland Group 2 Species with 10 or fewer squares in Ireland, of which 50% or more are in Donegal Group 3 Other species with 50% or more of their squares in Donegal Group 4 Other Donegal species with 10 or fewer squares in Ireland Group 5 Donegal species on UK or NI Priority list, or severe decline of common species in GB in last 35 years

(RDB – Red Data Book) Group 6 Donegal Species with no modern Irish Records outside Donegal (two in Donegal) Group 7 Other scarce species. Species chosen both have known colonies, and precise needs

Group Species Ire Don Don% UK/NI NOTES

1 Northern Dart Xestia alpicola alpina 3 2 67 Priority Mountains

1 Barred Carpet Perizoma taeniata 3 2 67 Good woodland site - SAC

1 Bilberry Pug Eupithecia debiliata 4 1 25 Good woodland site - SAC

1 Lead-coloured Pug Eupithecia plumbeolata 4 1 25 Good woodland site - SAC

1 Portland Moth Ochropleura praecox 5 1 20 RDB Old record. Needs known

2 Grey Mountain Carpet Entephria caesiata 9 8 89 Uplands

2 Poplar Lutestring Tethea or hibernica 6 5 83 Irish sub-species. Aspen groves


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2 Juniper Pug Eupithecia pusillata 6 3 50 Rare Juniper Heath habitat

2 Argent and Sable Rheumaptera hastata 8 4 50 Priority Western bogs 2 Streak Chesias legatella 6 3 50 Data deficient 2 Small Chocolate-tip Clostera pigra 9 3 33 Data deficient

2 Scarce Umber Agriopis aurantiaria 8 2 25 Coillte mixed wood

2 Satin Lutestring Tetheella fluctuosa 7 1 14 Glenveagh woods only

2 White Colon Sideridis albicolon 7 1 14 RDB Status questionable

3 Autumn Green Carpet Chloroclysta miata 16 11 69 Woods

3 Wood Tiger Parasemia plantaginis 17 10 59 NI Widespread. With hot spots

3 Ringed Carpet Cleora cinctaria 12 6 50 Western woods

5 Narrow-b Bee H-moth Hemaris tityus 28 12 43 Priority Flowery grassland

5 Forester Adscita statices 14 4 30 Priority Flowery grassland

5 Hedge Rustic Hedge Rustic 24 5 21 Lowland bogs

6 Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet Zygaena lonicerae 1 1 100 RDB Coastal grassland

6 Sword-grass Xylena exsoleta 1 1 100 Priority Status questionable

7 Chestnut-coloured Carpet Thera cognata 18 8 44 Good sand dune systems

7 Northern Deep-brn. Dart Aporophyla lueneburgensis 14 6 43

Coastal Heaths in north

7 Clouded Buff Diacrisia sannio 13 5 39 Good bogs

7 Glaucous Shears Papestra biren 15 5 33 Widespread in hills

7 Thyme Pug Eupithecia distinctaria 14 4 29 Good sand dune systems

7 Chimney Sweeper Odezia atrata 21 5 24 Upland rivers - needs are known

7 Sweet Gale Moth Acronicta euphorbiae 12 2 17 RDB Complex habitat, targetable

7 Pretty Pinion Perizoma blandiata 13 1 8 NI One strong colony - dunes

PRIORITY LIST - ALL OTHER GROUPS

SCIENTIFIC NAME ENGLISH NAME COMMENTS

Lichens Calaplaca alociza In Donegal Only Fuscidea arboricola In Donegal Only Abrothallus welwitschii Arctoparmelia incurva Caloplaca alociza Caloplaca littorea Cecidonia xenophana Cetraria islandica Haematomma ochroleucum Laeviomyces pertusariicola Lecania sylvestris Lecania sylvestris Lecidea auriculata Lecidea confluens Lepraria umbricola Leptogium corniculatum


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Lichenodiplis lecanorae Micarea adnata Micarea bauschiana Micarea hedlundii Moelleropsis nebulosa Muellerella lichenicola Opegrapha xerica Pertusaria pupillaris Placidiopsis custnani Polyblastia cupularis Porocyphus kenmorensis Pronectria anisospora Pronectria pertusariicola Pseudocyphellaria norvegica Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Sarcopyrenia gibba Schaereria cinereorufa Sticta canariensis Tephromela grumosa Umbilicaria polyrrhiza Vezdaea aestivalis Vezdaea leprosa Bryophytes Adelanthus lindenbergianus Cynodontium jenneri Petalophyllum ralfsii Habitats Directive Schistidium agassizii Vascular Plants Sisyrinchium bermudiana Blue-eyed-grass Saxifraga hartii Hart's saxifrage Spiranthes romanzoffiana Irish Lady's-tresses Sorbus hibernica Irish Service-tree Mertensia maritima Oysterplant Ajuga pyramidalis Pyramidal Bugle Pyrola rotundifolia subsp. maritime Round-leaved Wintergreen Pseudorchis albida Small-white Orchid Carum verticillatum Whorled Caraway Monotropa hypopitys Yellow Bird's-nest Taxus baccata Yew Terrestrial Molluscs

Succinella oblonga

Vertigo angustior Habitats Directive Vertigo geyeri Habitats Directive Freshwater Molluscs

Margaritifera margaritifera Freshwater Pearl Mussel Habitats Directive

Myxas glutinosa NI Priority Marine Molluscs Cuthona nana Eulimella scillae Ondina diaphana Onidina divisa Raphitoma purpurea Turbonilla rufescens Spiders Gongylidiellum latebricola In Donegal only Hypselistes jacksoni In Donegal only Latithorax faustus In Donegal only


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Mecygnargus morulus In Donegal only Meioneta mossica In Donegal only Satilatlas britteni In Donegal only; UK Walckenaeria kochi In Donegal only Dragonflies Coenagrion lunulatum Irish Damselfy Nationally Scarce Orthetrum cancellatum Black-tailed Skimmer Nationally Scarce Butterflies Coenonympha tullia Large Heath Habitats Directive Cupido minimus Small Blue Nationally Local Erynnis tages Dingy Skipper Nationally Local Euphydryas aurinia Marsh Fritillary Nationally Local Non-biting Midges

Parakiefferiella smolandica

Chalcidoidea Entedon pharnus In Donegal Only Gastrancistrus coactus In Donegal Only Gonatocerus ater In Donegal Only Tamarixia leptothrix In Donegal Only Torymus geranii In Donegal Only Trechnites alni In Donegal Only Braconidae Apanteles metacarpalis Chorebus cyclops Coelinidea niger Dinotrema denticulatum Protodacnusa litoralis Ichneumonidae Glypta monoceros Ceolichneumon castaniventris Cratichneumon semirufus Cteniscus devius Cymodusa cruentata Didegma litorale Dusona juvenilis Dusona leptogaster Dusona vidua Ectopius rubellus Erigorgus latro Erromenus brunnicans Exochus gravipes Exochus nigripalpis Exochus tibialis Giraudia grisescens Hadrodactylus villosulus Incheumon spurius Lissonota fletcheri Lissonota folii Mastrus fumipennis Mesochorus brevipetiolatus Mesoleptidea cingulata Mesostenus transfuga Phobetes atomator Phthorima xanthaspis Pleolophus basizonus Rhorus longicornis Scopesis frontator Triclistus globulipes


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Triclistus niger Tryphoon obtusator Mastrus ridibundus Bees Bombus (P.) barbutellus Irish Red List - Endangered Bombus (P.) rupestris Irish Red List - Endangered Bombus distinguendus Irish Red List - Endangered Coelioxys elongata Irish Red List - Endangered Colletes floralis Irish Red List - Vulnerable Sphecodes ferruginatus Irish Red List - Endangered Ground Beetles Agonum nigrum Amara lucida Amara praetermissa Anisodactylus binotatus Lebia chlorocephala Ladybirds None Bark Beetles None Water Beetles Cyphon Konsbergensis Irish Red List – Vulnerable Helophorus arvernicus Irish Red List – Endangered Hydroporus longicornis Irish Red List – Endangered Hydroporus morio Irish Red List – Vulnerable Laccophilus hyalinus Irish Red List – Vulnerable Plateumaris rustica Irish Red List – Regionally Extinct Freshwater Fish Alosa alosa Allis Shad Conservation Concern Salvelinus alpinus alpinus Arctic Charr Conservation Concern Lampetra planeri Brook Lamprey Conservation Concern Coregonus autumnalis pollan Pollan Conservation Concern Lampetra fluviatilis River Lamprey Conservation Concern Petromyzon marinus Sea Lamprey Conservation Concern Osmerus eperlanus Smelt Conservation Concern Marine Fish Chirolophis ascanni Yarrel's Blenny Nationally Rare Gobius couchi Couch's Goby Nationally Rare Raniceps raninus Tadpole Fish Nationally Rare Amphibians Rana temporaria Common Frog Internationally Important Reptiles Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle IUCN Endangered Birds Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle Irish Red List Lagopus lagopus Red Grouse Irish Red List Coturnix coturnix Quail Irish Red List Crex crex Corncrake IUCN Near Threatened ; I.R.L. Pluvialis apricaria Golden Plover Irish Red List Vanellus vanellus Lapwing Irish Red List Numenius arquata Curlew Irish Red List Tringa totanus Redshank Irish Red List Larus ridibundus Black-headed Gull Irish Red List Larus argenatus Herring Gull Irish Red List Tyto alba Barn Owl Irish Red List Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel Irish Red List Carduelis flavirostris Twite Irish Red List Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer Irish Red List Puffinus griseus Sooty Shearwater Irish Red List


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Puffinus mauretanicus Balearic Shearwater IUCN Critically Endangered; I.R.L. Anas clypeata Shoveler Irish Red List Calidris canutus Knot Irish Red List Mammals Lutra lutra Eurasian Otter Phocaena phocaena Harbour Porpoise Scirius vulgaris Red Squirrel Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose Dolphin


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KINGDOM FUNGI FUNGI (PHYLUM) 471 Taxa

Sulphur Tuft Hypholoma fasciculare Lilac Bonnet Mycena pura Parrot Waxcap Hygrocybe psitticana

For long thought of as odd plants which are not dependant on fixing sun’s energy with chlorophyll, fungi are now recognised as being in a Kingdom of their own. There are thousands of species – 3,555 recognised in Ireland, and the list is still growing. The typical “toadstools”, such as those illustrated above, live mainly underground as immense networks of thin filaments (performing a vital role in feeding plants), with only fruiting bodies appearing above ground. Fungi also come as brackets (on tree trunks), molds (e.g. Yeast), spots (on leaves) and crusts, most of which are in the sub-group Ascomycetes. These make up the greater number of species, but not surprisingly, those identified in the list below are mostly Bascidiomycetes - toadstools.

Agaricus arvensis Horse Mushroom

Agaricus campestris Mushroom Agaricus silvaticus Agaricus xanthodermus Agrocybe praecox

Aleuria aurantia Orange Peel fungus

Amanita citrina var. alba Amanita citrina Amanita excelsa Amanita fulva Amanita muscari Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria var. muscaria Amanita phalloides Death Cap Amanita prophyria Grey Veiled

Amanita Amanita rubescens The Blusher Amanita rubescens var. rubescens Amanita vaginata Amanita vaginata var. vaginata Anisogramma virgultorum Arcyria denudata Arcyria pomiformis Armillaria gallica Honey Fungus Armillaria mellea Armillaria ostoyae Arrhenia retiruga Arthopyrenia punctiformis Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa Arthrorhaphis grisea Ascocoryne sarcoides Ascodichaena rugosa

Auricularia auricula-judae Jelly Ear Badhamia lilacina var. lilacina Badhamia panicea Basidiodendron radians Belonidium sulphureum Biatoporopsis usnearum Bisporella citrina Bjerkandera adusta Bjerkandera fumosa Bolbitius titubans var. titubans Bolbitius vitellinus Boletus chrysenteron Boletus edulis Cep Boletus erythropus Boletus luridiformis Boletus luridiformis var. luridiformis Boletus subtomentosus Byssomerulius corium Calocera cornea Calocera cornea+C94 Calocera viscosa Calvati caelatum Puff-ball Calvatia gigantia Giant Puffball Cantharellus aurora Cantharellus cibarius Chanterelle Cantharellus infundibuliformis Cantharellus tubaeformis Cheilymenia stercoria Chlorociboria aeruginascens Clavaria acuta Clavaria fragilis Clavaria fumosa Smoky

Spindles Claviceps purpurea Ergot Clavulina


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Clavulina cinerea f. cinerea Clavulina cinerea Clavulina coralloides Clavulina cristata Clavulina rugosa Clavulinopsis corniculata Clavulinopsis helvola Clitocybe fragrans Clitocybe nebularis Clitocybe nebularis Clitocybe suaveolens Clitopilus prunulus The Miller Collybia aquosa Collybia butyracea var. butyracea Butter Cap Collybia confluens Collybia dryophila

Collybia peronata Wood Woolly-Foot

Coltricia perennis Tiger Eye Conocybe lactea Conocybe tenera

Coprinellus micaceus Glistening Inkcap

Coprinus atramentarius Coprinus comatus Coprinus disseminatus Fairy Bonnets

Coprinus micaceus Glistening Inkcap

Coprinus miser Coprinus plicatilis Pleated Inkcap Coprobia granulata

Cordyceps militaris Scarlet Caterpillarclub

Coriolus versicolour Cortinarius bolaris Cortinarius cinnabarinus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius fagetorum Cortinarius livido-ochraceous Cortinarius nemorensis Cotinarius hemitrichus Craterellus cornucopioides Horn of Plenty Crepidotus applanatus var. applanatus Crepidotus mollis Crepidotus pubescens Crepidotus variabilis Varaible

Oysterling Cribraria argillacea Cribraria aurantiaca Cribraria cancellata var. cancellata Cribraria rufa Cylindrobasidium evolvens Cystoderma amianthinum Earthy

Powdercap

Dacrymyces stillatus Dasyscyphus virgineus var. selecti Dermoloma cuneifolium Diatrype disciformis Echinostelium minutum Entoloma atrocoeruleum Entoloma caesiocinctum Entoloma conferendum var. conferendum Entoloma corvinum Entoloma exile Entoloma griseocyaneum Entoloma hebes Entoloma hispidulum Entoloma incanum Entoloma inutile Entoloma longistriatum var. sarcitulum Entoloma pascuum Entoloma porphyrophaeum Entoloma sericellum Entoloma sericeum var. sericeum Entoloma serrulatum Entoloma turci Entoloma undatum Entomophthora muscae Eutypa ulicis Exidia glandulosa Exidia nucleata Exidia recisa Exidia thuretiana Fomes fomentarius Fuligo muscorum Fuligo septica var. flava Fuligo septica Galerina clavata Galerina marginata Galerina paludosa Ganoderma applanatum Ganoderma australe Geastrum triplex Geoglossum cookeanum Geoglossum glutinosum Gloeophylum sepiarium Gymnopilus junonius Handkea excipuliformis Pestle Puffball Hebeloma crustuliniforme Hebeloma laterinum


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Hebeloma leucosarx Hebeloma mesophaeum Helvella corium Helvella crispa Helvella elastica Helvella lacunosa Helvella micropus Heterobasidion annosum Root Rot Heterosphaeria patella Hohenbuehelia geogenia Hydnellum concrescens

Hydnum repandum Wood Hedgehog

Hydnum repandum var rufescens Hydnum repandum Hydnum rufescens Hygocybe conica Blackening

Waxcap Hygocybe virginea Snowy Waxcap Hygrocybe calyptriformis var. calyptriformis Pink Waxcap Hygrocybe cantharellus Hygrocybe ceracea Hygrocybe chlorophana Hygrocybe citrinovirens Citrine Waxcap Hygrocybe coccinea Hygrocybe colemanniana

Hygrocybe conica Blackening Waxcap

Hygrocybe conicoides Hygrocybe fornicata var. fornicata Hygrocybe helobia Hygrocybe insipida Hygrocybe intermedia Hygrocybe irrigata Slimy Waxcap Hygrocybe laeta var. laeta Hygrocybe miniata

Hygrocybe nigrescens Blackening Waxcap

Hygrocybe nivea Hygrocybe persistens var. persistens

Hygrocybe pratensis Meadow Waxcap

Hygrocybe pratensis var pallid Hygrocybe pratensis var. pratensis Hygrocybe psittacina Parrot Waxcap Hygrocybe punicea Hygrocybe reidii Hygrocybe unguinosum Hygrocybe virginea var. fuscescens Hygrocybe virginea var. ochraceopallida

Snowy Waxcap

Hygrocybe virginea var. virginea

Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca False Chanterelle

Hygrophorus hypothejus Hygrophorus nemoreus Hyphoderma praetermissum Hyphodontia alutaria Hyphodontia sambuci Hypholoma fasciculare Sulphur Tuft Hypholoma fasciculare var. fasciculare Hypholoma lateritium Hypholoma radicosum Hypholoma udum Hypocrea gelatinosa Hypomyces chrysospermus Hypoxylon fragiforme Hypoxylon multiforme Hypoxylon rubiginosum Inocybe asterospora Inocybe geophylla var. geophylla Lilac Fibrecap Inocybe geophylla var. lilacina Inocybe lacera Inocybe posterula Inocybe subcarpta Inonotus radiatus Kabatia periclymeni Kalaallia reactiva Kretzschmaria deusta Kuehneromyces mutabilis

Laccaria amethystina Amethyst Deceiver

Laccaria laccata The Deceiver Laccaria proxima Lachnella alboviolascens Lachnum apalum Lachnum fuscescens var. fagicola Lachnum niveum Lachnum virgineum Lacrymaria lacrymabunda Lacrymaria velutina Lactarius aurantiacus Lactarius blennius Lactarius brittanicus Lactarius camphoratus Lactarius chrysorrheus Lactarius citriolens Lactarius cyathuliformis Lactarius deterrimus Lactarius fulvissimus Tawny Milkcap Lactarius glyciosmus Lactarius piperatus Lactarius piperatus Lactarius pubescens Lactarius quietus Lactarius rufus


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Lactarius subdulcis Lactarius torminosus Lactarius vellereus Lactarius violascens Leccinum holopus Leccinum scabrum Leotia lubrica Lepiota rhacodes Shaggy Parasol Lepista flaccida Tawny Funnel Lepista nuda Leptoglossum retirugum Leptosphaeria acuta Licea biforis var. biforis Licea kleistobolus Licea marginata Licea minima Licea parasitica Lichenomphalia umbellifera Lophiostoma ulicis Lycogala epidendrum Lycogala terrestre Lycoperdon nigrescens Lycoperdon perlatum Lycoperdon pyriforme Lyophyllum connatum Macrolepiota procera Macrolepiota rhacodes Shaggy Parasol Maramius hudsonii Marasmiellus ramealis Marasmius bulliardii Marasmius epiphylloides Marasmius hudsonii Marasmius ramealis Marasmius rotula Marasmius rotula Marasmius wynnei Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum Marchandiomyces corallinus Melampsora lini var. liniperda Melampsoria hypericorum Melampsoridium betularum Melampsoridium betulinum Melampsoridium hiratsukanum Melanoleuca melaleuca Melanoleuca polioleuca Common

Cavalier Melanoleuca strictipes Meripilus giganteus Giant Polypore Meruliopsis corium Microsphaera alphitoides Milesina scolopendrii Mitrula paludosa Bog Beacon Miyagia pseudosphaeria Mollisia fallax Mucilago crustacea var. crustacea

Mucilago crustacea Mutinus caninus Mycena aetites Mycena archangelicus Mycena epipterygia Mycena galericulata Mycena galopus var. candida White Milking

Bonnet Mycena leptocephala Mycena luteoalba Mycena meliigena Mycena pura Lilac Bonnet Mycena pura Naucoria escharioides Nectria cinnabarina Omphalina ericetorum Omphalina pyxidata Omphalina sphagnicola Otidea onotica Hare's Ear

Oudemansiella mucida Porcelain Fungus

Panaeolus acuminatus Panaeolus ater Panaeolus fimicola Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus Panaeolus papilionaceus Panaeolus semiovatus var. semiovatus Panaeolus sphinctrinus Panaeolus subbalteatus Panellus stipticus Paradiacheopsis solitaria Parasola plicatilis Paxillus involutus Brown Rollrim Peniophora ilex Peniophora incarnata Perichaena chrysosperma Peziza badia Peziza succosa Phaeolus schweinitzii Phallus impudicus var. impudicus Stinkhorn Phellodon melaleucus Phlebia tremellosa

Pholiota flammans Flaming Scaly Cap

Pholiota squarrosa Phragmidium rosae-pimpinellifoliae Phragmidium violaceum Phragmidium violaceum Physarum nutans Physarum pusillum Phytophthora infestans Piptoporus betulinus


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Pleurotus dryinus Pleurotus pulmonarius Pluteus cervinus Polyporus badius Polyporus durus Polyporus leptocephalus Polyporus squamosus Polyporus varians Postia caesia Postia subcaesia Psathyrella candolleana Psathyrella conopilus Psathyrella corrugis Psathyrella prona f. cana Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis The Goblet Pseudocraterellus sinuosus Pseudocraterellus undulatus Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Pseudoplectania sphagnophila Psilocybe coprophila Psilocybe merdaria Psilocybe semilanceata Liberty Cap Puccinia chaerophylli Puccinia circaeae Puccinia graminis Puccinia lagenophorae Puccinia lapsanae Puccinia obscura Puccinia poarum Puccinia sessilis Puccinia umbilici Puccinia urticata var. urticae-paniceae Puccinia violae Pyrenidium actinellum Ramularia montana Ramularia succisae Resinomycena saccharifera Reticularia lycoperdon Rhodocybe gemina Rhynchosporium orthosporum

Rhytisma acerinum Sycamore Tar Spot

Rhytisma salicinum Willow Tar Spot

Rickenella fibula Russula atropurpurea Russula aurea Russula chloroides

Russula cyanoxantha Charcoal Burner

Russula delica Russula delica Russula emetica Russula fellea Russula fragilis var. fragilis Russula gracillima

Russula ionochlora

Russula mairei Beechwood Sickner

Russula nigricans

Russula nobilis Beechwood Sickener

Russula ochroleuca Russula queletii Russula sardonia

Scleroderma citrinum Common Earthball

Scutellinia cejpii Scutellinia scutellata Spinellus fusiger Stemonitis nigrescens Stemonitopsis hyperopta Stenocybe nitida Stereum hirsutum Stereum rugosum Stropharia pseudocyanae Stropharia semiglobata Suillus flavidus Suillus grevillei Suillus luteus Suillus variegatus Tapesia villosa Taphrina alni Taphrina betulina Taphrina tormentillae Thelophora spiculosa Earth Fan Trabrooksia applanata Trametes gibbosa Trametes versicolor Tremella foliacea Tremella mesenterica Tremella mesenterica Trichaptum abietinum Trichia botrytis var. botrytis Trichoglossum hirsutum var. hirsutum Tricholoma cingulatum Tricholoma fulvum Tricholoma sciodes Tricholoma sulphurea Tricholoma sulphureum var. sulphureum Tricholoma ustale

Tricholomopsis rutilans Plums and Custard

Triphragmium ulmariae Trochila craterium Trochila ilicina Trochilia craterium Tubaria furfuracia Tubulifera arachnoidea Typhula erythropus Typhula phacorrhiza


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Uromyces dactylidis Uromyces muscari Ustulina deusta Volviarella speciosa Xanthoriicola physciae

Xerocomus chrysenteron

Xylaria hypoxylon Stag's Horn Fungus

Xylaria polymorpha


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KINGDOM PLANTAE

ALGAE (PHYLUM)

MARINE ALGAE or SEAWEEDS (CLASSES Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae and Rhodophyceae) 344 Taxa

Sea Lettuce Ulva lactuca Flat Wrack Fucus spiralis Dulse Rhodymenia pseudopalmata The marine algae comprise three different classes, Green (Chlorophyceae), Brown (Phaeophyceae) and Red (Rhodophyceae). They are all lumped together here, as how they should be classified is still a matter of much research and debate – some even say that the Red Algae should not even be grouped with other plants. An example of Green Alga often seen in rock pools is the Sea Lettuce Ulva lactuca (above left). The Brown Algae include Wracks, of the genus Fucus (above middle), which often dominate the shore, and Kelp, or Sea Rods, Laminaria spp., which should be familiar to everyone. A well-known Red Alga is the edible Dulse, Rhodymenia

pseudopalmata (above right). An up-to-date listing is found at http://www.algaebase.org/search/distribution/ .

Acinetospora crinita Acrochaetium endophyticum Acrochaetium secundatum Acrochaetium virgatulum Acrosiphonia arcta Acrosorium reptans Acrosorium uncinatum Acrosorium venulosum Aglaothamnion byssoides Aglaothamnion diaphanum Aglaothamnion gallicum Aglaothamnion hookeri Aglaothamnion roseum Aglaothamnion sepositum Aglaothamnion tenuissimum Ahnfeltia plicata Alaria esculenta Antithamnion cruciatum Antithamnion plumula Apoglossum ruscifolium Arthrocladia villosa Ascophyllum nodosum Asparagopsis armata Asperococcus bullosus Asperococcus compressus Asperococcus fistulosus Asterocolax erythroglossi Audouinella daviesii Audouinella endozoica Audouinella spetsbergensis Bangia atropurpurea

Bifurcaria bifurcata Blidingia marginata Boergeseniella fruticulosa Boergeseniella thuyoides Bonnemaisonia asparagoides Bonnemaisonia hamifera Bostrychia scorpioides Brongniartella byssoides Bryopsis hypnoides Bryopsis plumosa Calliblepharis ciliata Calliblepharis jubata Callithamnion corymbosum Callithamnion daviesii Callithamnion gracillimum Callithamnion granulatum Callithamnion plumula Callithamnion tetragonum Callithamnion turneri Callocolax neglectus Callophyllis laciniata Calothrix crustacea Carpomitra costata Catenella caespitosa Ceramium botryocarpum Ceramium ciliatum Ceramium diaphanum Ceramium echionotum Ceramium flabelligerum Ceramium gaditanum Ceramium pallidum

Ceramium rubrum Ceramium secundatum Ceramium shuttleworthianum Ceramium siliquosum Ceramium strictum Ceramium tenuissimum Ceramium virgatum Chaetomorpha linum Chaetomorpha melagonium Chondria capillaris Chondria dasyphylla Chondria tenuissima Chondrus crispus Chorda filum Chordaria flagelliformis Choreocolax polysiphoniae Chylocladia verticillata Cladophora albida Cladophora hutchinsiae Cladophora laetevirens Cladophora lehmanniana Cladophora pygmaea Cladophora rupestris Cladophora sericea Cladostephus spongiosus Cladostephus spongiosus f. verticillatus Coccotylus truncatus Codium adhaerens Codium bursa Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides


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Codium fragile subsp. atlanticum Codium tomentosum Colacodictyon reticulatum Colaconema daviesii Colpomenia peregrina Colpomenia sinuosa Compsothamnion decompositum Compsothamnion gracillimum Compsothamnion thuyoides Corallina elongata Corallina officinalis Cruoria pellita Cryptopleura ramosa Cutleria multifida Cylindrocarpus berkeleyi Cystoclonium purpureum Cystoseira baccata Cystoseira foeniculacea Cystoseira nodicaulis Cystoseira tamariscifolia Dasya hutchinsiae Delesseria hypoglossum Delesseria sanguinea Desmarestia aculeata Desmarestia dresnayi Desmarestia ligulata Desmarestia pinnatinervia Desmarestia viridis Desmotrichum undulatum Dictyopteris membranacea Dictyopteris polypodioides Dictyosiphon foeniculaceus Dictyota dichotoma Dilsea carnosa Drachiella heterocarpa Drachiella spectabilis Dudresnaya verticillata Dumontia contorta Dumontia incrassata Ectocarpus siliculosus Elachista flaccida Elachista fucicola Elachista scutulata Enteromorpha clathrata Enteromorpha compressa Enteromorpha intestinalis Enteromorpha linza Enteromorpha muscoides Enteromorpha ralfsii Entophysalis conferta Erythroglossum laciniatum Erythrotrichia carnea Eudesme virescens Falkenbergia rufolanosa Fucus ceranoides Fucus cottonii Fucus distichus subsp. anceps Fucus distichus Fucus serratus Linnaeus

Fucus spiralis Linnaeus Fucus vesiculosus Linnaeus Furcellaria lumbricalis Gastroclonium ovatum Gelidium latifolium Bornet Gelidium pulchellum Gelidium pusillum Gelidium spinosum Gigartina stellata Ginnania furcellata Gloiosiphonia capillaris Gomontia polyrhiza Gracilaria gracilis Gracilariopsis longissima Grateloupia filicina Griffithsia corallinoides Gymnogongrus griffithsiae Halarachnion ligulatum Halidrys siliquosa Halopteris filicina Halurus equisetifolius Halurus flosculosus Halymenia latifolia Halymenia ligulata var. latifolia Haraldiophyllum bonnemaisonii Helminthora divaricata Heterosiphonia plumosa Hildenbrandia rubra Himanthalia elongata Hincksia granulosa Hincksia hincksiae Hypoglossum hypoglossoides Hypoglossum woodwardii Isthmoplea sphaerophora Jania rubens Kallymenia reniformis Laminaria digitata Laminaria hyperborea Laminaria saccharina Laurencia hybrida Laurencia obtusa Laurencia pinnatifida Laurencia truncata Leathesia difformis Lithophyllum incrustans Lithophyllum orbiculatum Lithothamnion calcareum Lithothamnion corallioides Lithothamnion glaciale Lithothamnion laevigatum Lithothamnion sonderi Litosiphon laminariae Lomentaria articulata Lomentaria clavellosa Lomentaria orcadensis Mastocarpus stellatus Meiodiscus spetsbergensis Melobesia membranacea Membranoptera alata

Mesogloia vermiculata Mesophyllum lichenoides Microcoleus lyngbyaceus Monosporus pedicellatus Monostroma fuscum Monostroma obscurum Myrionema strangulans Myriotrichia clavaeformis Myriotrichia filiformis Naccaria wiggii Nemalion helminthoides Nitophyllum punctatum Odonthalia dentata Osmundea hybrida Osmundea osmunda Osmundea pinnatifida Osmundea ramosissima Palmaria palmata Pelvetia canaliculata Petalonia fascia Petrospongium berkeleyi Peyssonnelia dubyi Phycocelis crouaniorum Phycodrys rubens Phyllophora crispa Phyllophora pseudoceranoïdes Phyllophora sicula Phymatolithon calcareum Phymatolithon laevigatum Phymatolithon lenormandii Phymatolithon purpureum Pleonosporium borreri Plocamium cartilagineum Plocamium coccineum Plumaria elegans Plumaria plumosa Polyides rotundus Polyneura gmelinii Polysiphonia atlantica Polysiphonia brodiei Polysiphonia elongata Polysiphonia elongella Polysiphonia fibrata Polysiphonia fibrillosa Polysiphonia fruticulosa Polysiphonia fucoides Polysiphonia furcellata Polysiphonia harveyi Polysiphonia lanosa Polysiphonia macrocarpa Polysiphonia nigra Polysiphonia nigrescens Polysiphonia parasitica Polysiphonia simulans Polysiphonia stricta Polysiphonia subulifera Polysiphonia urceolata Polysiphonia violacea Porphyra laciniata


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Porphyra leucosticta Porphyra linearis Porphyra purpurea Porphyra umbilicalis Porphyropsis coccinea Prasiola stipitata Pringsheimiella scutata Pterocladia capillacea Pterocladiella capillacea Pterosiphonia parasitica Pterosiphonia thuyoides Pterothamnion plumula Ptilota gunneri Ptilota plumosa Punctaria latifolia Punctaria plantaginea Pylaiella littoralis Radicilingua thysanorhizans Ralfsia verrucosa Rhizoclonium arenosum Rhizoclonium riparium Rhizoclonium tortuosum Rhodochorton purpureum Rhodomela confervoides Rhodomela lycopodioides Rhodophyllis divaricata

Rhodothamniella floridula Rhodymenia ardissonei Rhodymenia holmesii Rhodymenia pseudopalmata Rhodymenia pseudopalmata var. ellisiae Rivularia atra Saccorhiza polyschides Sauvageaugloia griffithsiana Schizothrix rubella Schizymenia dubyi Schmitzia hiscockiana Schottera nicaeënsis Scinaia furcellata Scinaia interrupta Scinaia turgida Scytosiphon lomentaria Seirospora interrupta Spermatochnus paradoxus Spermothamnion repens Spermothamnion strictum Sphacelaria bipinnata Sphacelaria britannica Sphacelaria cirrosa Sphacelaria furcigera Sphacelaria fusca

Sphacelaria plumosa Sphacelaria plumula Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Sphondylothamnion multifidum Spongomorpha aeruginosa Spongomorpha arcta Spongonema tomentosum Sporochnus pedunculatus Spyridia filamentosa Stictyosiphon griffithsianus Stilophora rhizodes Stilophora tenella Striaria attenuata Stypocaulon scoparium Taonia atomaria Tilopteris mertensii Titanoderma pustulatum Ulonema rhizophorum Ulothrix flacca Ulothrix speciosa Ulva lactuca Ulva rigida Urospora penicilliformis Vaucheria coronata


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LICHENS (PHYLUM MYCOPHYCOPHYTA) 575 Taxa

Ramalina sp. Lungwort Lobaria pulmonaria Rhizocarpon geographicum

Although grouped with plants, each “species” of lichen is in fact an intimate and unique partnership between an alga and a fungus. Some of these fungi species can also have independent lives, but all of the algae are “captive”. The list is based firstly on those species which have been mapped in the LichenIreland website http://www.habitas.org.uk/lichenireland/index.html and is supplemented with other known Donegal species not yet mapped. So although well recorded generally, there is still scope for many new species to be recorded in the county, especially as part of the special effort being made now by the LichenIreland project. Two species found only in Donegal, Calaplaca alociza and Fuscidea arboricola, are in Italics. Other species in Bold are those which are nationally rare.

Abrothallus bertianus Abrothallus microspermus Abrothallus parmeliarum Abrothallus welwitschii

Acarospora benedarensis Acarospora fuscata Acarospora impressula Acarospora sinopica Acarospora smaragdula Acrocordia conoidea Acrocordia gemmata Acrocordia salweyi Agonimia gelatinosa Agonimia tristicula Amandinea punctata Amygdalaria pelobotryon Anaptychia runcinata Anisomeridium biforme Anisomeridium polypori Anisomeridium ranunculospora Arctoparmelia incurva

Arthonia anombrophila Arthonia arthonioides Arthonia astroidestera Arthonia cinnabarina Arthonia didyma Arthonia elegans Arthonia ilicina Arthonia ilicinella Arthonia punctiformis Arthonia radiata Arthonia spadicea Arthonia stellaris Arthonia varians Arthonia vinosa Arthopyrenia analepta

Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa Arthopyrenia nitescens Arthopyrenia punctiformis Arthopyrenia salicis Arthothelium norvegicum Arthrorhaphis citrinella Aspicilia caesiocinerea Aspicilia calcarea Aspicilia cinerea Aspicilia contorta Aspicilia grisea Aspicilia leprosescens Bacidia arceutina Bacidia arnoldiana Bacidia bagliettoana Bacidia biatorina Bacidia friesiana Bacidia inundata Bacidia rubella Bacidia scopulicola Bacidia trachona Bacidia viridifarinosa Baeomyces rufus Belonia nidarosiensis Biatora epixanthoides Biatora sphaeroides Biatoropsis usnearum Bryophagus gloeocapsa Bryoria bicolor Bryoria fuscescens Buellia aethalea Buellia disciformis Buellia griseovirens Buellia ocellata Buellia stellulata

Buellia subdisciformis Buellia uberior Bunodophoron melanocarpum Caloplaca alociza

Caloplaca atroflava

Caloplaca aurantia Caloplaca ceracea Caloplaca cerina Caloplaca cerinella Caloplaca chlorina Caloplaca cirrochroa Caloplaca citrina Caloplaca concilians Caloplaca crenularia Caloplaca crenulatella Caloplaca dalmatica Caloplaca ferruginea Caloplaca flavescens Caloplaca flavocitrina Caloplaca flavovirescens Caloplaca holocarpa Caloplaca littorea

Caloplaca marina Caloplaca microthallina Caloplaca ochracea Caloplaca saxicola Caloplaca thallincola Caloplaca verruculifera Candelaria concolor Candelariella aurella Candelariella coralliza Candelariella reflexa Candelariella vitellina Catapyrenium cinereum Catapyrenium lachneum Catapyrenium rufescens


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Catapyrenium squamulosum Catillaria chalybeia Catillaria chalybeia var. chloropoliza Catillaria lenticularis Catillaria modesta Catinaria atropurpurea Cecidonia xenophana

Cetraria aculeata Cetraria islandica

Cetraria muricata Cetrelia olivetorum Chaenotheca brunneola Chaenotheca chrysocephala Chrysothrix candelaris Chrysothrix chrysophthalma Cladonia arbuscula Cladonia bellidiflora Cladonia caespiticia Cladonia cervicornis Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata Cladonia chlorophaea Cladonia ciliata Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis Cladonia coccifera Cladonia coniocraea Cladonia crispata var. cetrariiformis Cladonia digitata Cladonia diversa Cladonia fimbriata Cladonia floerkeana Cladonia foliacea Cladonia furcata Cladonia glauca Cladonia gracilis Cladonia humilis Cladonia incrassata Cladonia macilenta Cladonia ochrochlora Cladonia parasitica Cladonia pocillum Cladonia polydactyla Cladonia portentosa Cladonia pyxidata Cladonia ramulosa Cladonia rangiferina Cladonia rangiformis Cladonia squamosa var. subsquamosa Cladonia strepsilis Cladonia subcervicornis Cladonia subulata Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis Cladonia zopfii Clauzadea immersa Clauzadea monticola Clauzadeana macula Cliostomum griffithii

Cliostomum tenerum Coccotrema citrinescens Collema auriforme Collema crispum Collema cristatum Collema cristatum var. marginale Collema dichotomum Collema flaccidum Collema furfuraceum Collema fuscovirens Collema glebulentum Collema multipartitum Collema polycarpon Collema subflaccidum Collema tenax Collema tenax var. ceranoides Collema tenax var. vulgare Cornicularia normoerica Cyrtidula quercus Cystocoleus ebeneus Dactylospora parasitica Degelia atlantica Degelia ligulata Degelia plumbea Dermatocarpon luridum Dermatocarpon miniatum Dibaeis baeomyces Dimerella lutea Dimerella pineti Diploicia canescens Diploschistes muscorum Diploschistes scruposus Diplotomma alboatrum Dirina massiliensis forma sorediata Enterographa crassa Enterographa hutchinsiae Enterographa zonata Eopyrenula grandicula Ephebe lanata Evernia prunastri Farnoldia jurana Fellhanera bouteillei Flavoparmelia caperata Flavoparmelia soredians Fuscidea arboricola

Fuscidea cyathoides Fuscidea gothoburgensis Fuscidea intercincta Fuscidea kochiana Fuscidea lightfootii Fuscidea lygaea Fuscidea recensa Fuscopannaria leucophaea Gomphillus calycioides Graphina anguina Graphina ruiziana Graphis elegans Graphis scripta

Gyalecta derivata Gyalecta jenensis Gyalecta truncigena Gyalideopsis anastomosans Gyalideopsis scotica Haematomma ochroleucum

Halecania ralfsii Herteliana taylorii Heterodermia japonica Homostegia piggotii Hymenelia prevostii Hyperphyscia adglutinata Hypogymnia physodes Hypogymnia tubulosa Hypotrachyna laevigata Hypotrachyna revoluta Hypotrachyna sinuosa Icmadophila ericetorum Illosporiopsis christiansenii Ionaspis lacustris Japewiella tavaresiana Laeviomyces pertusariicola

Lasallia pustulata Lecanactis abietina Lecania aipospila Lecania cuprea Lecania cyrtella Lecania erysibe Lecania hutchinsiae Lecania rabenhorstii Lecania sylvestris

Lecanora actophila Lecanora aitema Lecanora albella Lecanora albescens Lecanora argentata Lecanora campestris Lecanora carpinea Lecanora chlarotera Lecanora confusa Lecanora conizaeoides Lecanora crenulata Lecanora dispersa Lecanora epanora Lecanora expallens Lecanora farinaria Lecanora fugiens Lecanora gangaleoides Lecanora helicopis Lecanora intricata Lecanora intumescens Lecanora jamesii Lecanora muralis Lecanora orosthea Lecanora persimilis Lecanora poliophaea Lecanora polytropa Lecanora pulicaris Lecanora rupicola


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Lecanora saligna Lecanora soralifera Lecanora sulphurea Lecanora symmicta Lecanora varia Lecidea auriculata

Lecidea confluens

Lecidea diducens Lecidea fuscoatra Lecidea lactea Lecidea lapicida Lecidea lithophila Lecidea phaeops Lecidea plana Lecidella anomaloides Lecidella asema Lecidella elaeochroma Lecidella elaeochroma forma soralifera Lecania sylvestris

Lecidella scabra Lecidella stigmatea Lepraria crassissima Lepraria lesdainii Lepraria lobificans Lepraria umbricola

Leproloma membranaceum Leproloma vouauxii Leptogium britannicum Leptogium burgessii Leptogium corniculatum

Leptogium cyanescens Leptogium gelatinosum Leptogium lichenoides Leptogium schraderi Leptogium teretiusculum Leptogium turgidum Leptorhaphis epidermidis Lichenoconium erodens Lichenodiplis lecanorae

Lichina confinis Lichina pygmaea Lobaria pulmonaria Lobaria scrobiculata Lobaria virens Loxospora elatinum Macentina stigonemoides Marchandiomyces corallinus Massalongia carnosa Megalaria grossa Megalaria pulverea Megalospora tuberculosa Melanelia exasperata Melanelia exasperatula Melanelia subaurifera Melaspilea atroides Melaspilea ochrothalamia Menegazzia terebrata Micarea adnata

Micarea alabastrites Micarea bauschiana

Micarea botryoides Micarea cinerea Micarea coppinsii Micarea hedlundii

Micarea leprosula Micarea lignaria Micarea lignaria var. endoleuca Micarea melaena Micarea nitschkeana Micarea peliocarpa Micarea prasina Micarea stipitata Micarea subnigrata Micarea synotheoides Miriquidica leucophaea Moelleropsis nebulosa

Muellerella lichenicola

Mycoblastus caesius Mycoblastus fucatus Mycoblastus sanguinarius Mycoglaena myricae Mycomicrothelia atlantica Mycomicrothelia confusa Neofuscelia loxodes Neofuscelia pulla Neofuscelia verruculifera Nephroma laevigatum Nephroma parile Normandina pulchella Ochrolechia androgyna Ochrolechia inversa Ochrolechia parella Ochrolechia szatalaensis Ochrolechia tartarea Ochrolechia turneri Opegrapha atra Opegrapha calcarea Opegrapha cesareensis Opegrapha gyrocarpa Opegrapha herbarum Opegrapha niveoatra Opegrapha ochrocheila Opegrapha parasitica Opegrapha rufescens Opegrapha saxigena Opegrapha vermicellifera Opegrapha vulgata Opegrapha xerica

Ophioparma ventosa Pachyphiale carneola Pannaria conoplea Pannaria rubiginosa Parmelia discordans Parmelia omphalodes Parmelia saxatilis Parmelia sulcata Parmeliella parvula

Parmeliella triptophylla Parmelina pastillifera Parmotrema crinitum Parmotrema perlatum Parmotrema reticulatum Peltigera canina Peltigera collina Peltigera degenii Peltigera didactyla Peltigera horizontalis Peltigera hymenina Peltigera membranacea Peltigera polydactyla Peltigera praetextata Peltigera rufescens Pertusaria albescens Pertusaria albescens var. corallina Pertusaria amara Pertusaria aspergilla Pertusaria corallina Pertusaria excludens Pertusaria flavicans Pertusaria hemisphaerica Pertusaria hymenea Pertusaria lactea Pertusaria leioplaca Pertusaria multipuncta Pertusaria pertusa Pertusaria pseudocorallina Pertusaria pupillaris

Petractis clausa Phaeographis dendritica Phaeographis smithii Phaeophyscia orbicularis Phaeophyscia sciastra Phlyctis agelaea Phlyctis argena Physcia adscendens Physcia aipolia Physcia caesia Physcia leptalea Physcia stellaris Physcia tenella Physcia tribacia Physconia distorta Physconia enteroxantha Physconia grisea Pilophorus strumaticus Placidiopsis custnani

Placopsis gelida Placopsis lambii Placynthiella icmalea Placynthiella uliginosa Placynthium nigrum Platismatia glauca Polyblastia albida Polyblastia cruenta Polyblastia cupularis

Polyblastia efflorescens


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Polyblastia melaspora Polyblastia theleodes Polychidium muscicola Polysporina simplex Porina aenea Porina chlorotica Porina lectissima Porina leptalea Porina linearis Porocyphus kenmorensis

Porpidia cinereoatra Porpidia crustulata Porpidia hydrophila Porpidia macrocarpa Porpidia melinodes Porpidia platycarpoides Porpidia soredizodes Porpidia tuberculosa Pronectria anisospora

Pronectria pertusariicola

Protoblastenia calva Protoblastenia incrustans Protoblastenia rupestris Protopannaria pezizoides Protoparmelia badia Pseudephebe pubescens Pseudocyphellaria norvegica

Psilolechia lucida Psora lurida Pterygiopsis coracodiza Pterygiopsis lacustris Punctelia reddenda Punctelia subrudecta Pycnothelia papillaria Pyrenocollema halodytes Pyrenula chlorospila Pyrenula dermatodes Pyrenula macrospora Pyrenula occidentalis Pyrrhospora quernea Racodium rupestre Ramalina calicaris Ramalina canariensis Ramalina cuspidata Ramalina farinacea Ramalina fastigiata Ramalina fraxinea Ramalina siliquosa Ramalina subfarinacea Rhizocarpon geographicum Rhizocarpon hochstetteri Rhizocarpon lavatum Rhizocarpon lecanorinum

Rhizocarpon oederi Rhizocarpon petraeum

Rhizocarpon reductum Rhizocarpon richardii Rhizocarpon umbilicatum Rimularia furvella Rinodina atrocinerea Rinodina gennarii Rinodina luridescens Rinodina orculariopsis Rinodina sophodes Sarcogyne privigna Sarcogyne regularis Sarcopyrenia gibba

Schaereria cinereorufa

Schaereria fuscocinerea Schismatomma decolorans Schismatomma niveum Schismatomma quercicola Sclerococcum sphaerale Sclerophyton circumscriptum Scoliciosporum chlorococcum Scoliciosporum umbrinum Solorina saccata Sphaerophorus fragilis Sphaerophorus globosus Sphinctrina turbinata Staurothele fissa Stenocybe pullatula Stenocybe septata Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Stereocaulon evolutum Stereocaulon pileatum Stereocaulon vesuvianum Sticta canariensis

Sticta fuliginosa Sticta limbata Sticta sylvatica Stigmidium microspilum Strangospora ochrophora Synalissa symphorea Tephromela atra Tephromela grumosa

Thelidium decipiens Thelidium incavatum Thelidium papulare Thelotrema lepadinum Thelotrema macrosporum Thelotrema petractoides Tomasellia gelatinosa Toninia aromatica Toninia sedifolia Toninia thiopsora Trapelia coarctata Trapelia corticola Trapelia involuta Trapelia obtegens

Trapelia placodioides Trapeliopsis flexuosa Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea Trapeliopsis granulosa Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa Trapeliopsis wallrothii Tremolecia atrata Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla Tylothallia biformigera Umbilicaria cylindrica Umbilicaria polyphylla Umbilicaria polyrrhiza

Umbilicaria torrefacta Usnea cornuta Usnea esperantiana Usnea filipendula Usnea flammea Usnea fulvoreagens Usnea rubicunda Usnea subfloridana Usnea wasmuthii Verrucaria aethiobola Verrucaria amphibia Verrucaria aquatilis Verrucaria baldensis Verrucaria caerulea Verrucaria calciseda Verrucaria dufourii Verrucaria funckii Verrucaria fusconigrescens Verrucaria halizoa Verrucaria hochstetteri Verrucaria hydrela Verrucaria macrostoma Verrucaria maura Verrucaria mucosa Verrucaria muralis Verrucaria nigrescens Verrucaria prominula Verrucaria striatula Verrucaria viridula Vezdaea aestivalis

Vezdaea leprosa

Vouauxiella lichenicola Xanthoparmelia conspersa Xanthoparmelia mougeotii Xanthoria calcicola Xanthoria candelaria Xanthoria ectaneoides Xanthoria elegans Xanthoria parietina Xanthoria polycarpa Xanthoriicola physciae Xylographa vitiligo


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MOSSES and LIVERWORTS (PHYLUM BRYOPHYTA) 547 Taxa

Sphagnum subnitens & Pleurozia schreberi Pogonatum aloides Breutelia chrysocoma

Bryophytes are lowly and primitive plants that are everywhere to be seen, yet few people take the trouble to look closely, let alone learn to identify the amazing variety and beauty to be found, especially in the richer habitats like wet native woodlands and bogs. The three species marked in bold represent only a preliminary sample of those which should eventually be confirmed as priority species. Schistidium agassizii occurs at only one site in Ireland. References:

Hill, M.O., C.D. Preston and A.J.E. Smith. (1991). Atlas of the Bryophytes of Britain and Ireland. Volumes 1-3. British Bryological Society. Holyoak, D.T. (2003). The Distribution of Bryophytes in Ireland. Broadleaf Books, British Bryological Society. Holyoak, D.T. (2006). Progress Towards A Species Inventory For Conservation Of Bryophytes In Ireland. Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Vol. 106, issue 3.

Acaulon muticum Acrobolbus wilsonii Adelanthus decipiens Adelanthus lindenbergianus

Aloina aloides Aloina ambigua Amblyodon dealbatus Amblystegium humile Amblystegium serpens var. salinum Amblystegium varium Anastrepta orcadensis Anastrophyllum minutum Andreaea alpina Hedw. Andreaea megistospora Andreaea rothii subsp. falcata Andreaea rothii subsp. rothii Andreaea rothii subsp. uncertain Andreaea rupestris Hedw. var. rupestris Aneura pinguis Anoectangium aestivum Anomobryum julaceum var. concinnatum Anomobryum julaceum var. julaceum Anthelia julacea Anthelia juratzkana Anthoceros agrestis Anthoceros punctatus

Aphanolejeunea microscopica Aphanorhegma patens Archidium alternifolium Arctoa fulvella Atrichum tenellum Atrichum undulatum var. undulatum Barbilophozia atlantica Barbilophozia attenuata Barbilophozia barbata Barbilophozia floerkei Barbula convoluta Barbula unguiculata Bartramia ithyphylla Bartramia pomiformis Bazzania pearsonii Bazzania tricrenata Bazzania trilobata Blasia pusilla Blepharostoma trichophyllum Blindia acuta Brachydontium trichodes Brachythecium glareosum Brachythecium mildeanum Brachythecium populeum Brachythecium rivulare Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum

Bryum algovicum var. rutheanum Bryum alpinum Bryum amblyodon Bryum argenteum Bryum bicolor Bryum bornholmense Bryum caespiticium Bryum capillare var. capillare Bryum dunense Bryum intermedium Bryum klinggraeffii Bryum marratii Bryum neodamense Bryum pallens Bryum pallescens Bryum pseudotriquetrum var. bimum Bryum pseudotriquetrum var. pseudotriquetrum Bryum radiculosum Bryum rubens Bryum ruderale Bryum sauteri Bryum subapiculatum Bryum tenuisetum Bryum torquescens Bryum uliginosum Bryum violaceum Bryum warneum


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Calliergon sarmentosum Calliergon stramineum Calypogeia arguta Calypogeia azurea Calypogeia fissa Calypogeia muelleriana Calypogeia neesiana Calypogeia sphagnicola Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus Campyliadelphus elodes Campylium stellatum var. protensum Campylopus atrovirens var. atrovirens Campylopus atrovirens var. falcatus Campylopus brevipilus Campylopus flexuosus Campylopus fragilis Campylopus gracilis Campylopus introflexus Campylopus pyriformis var. azoricus Campylopus pyriformis var. pyriformis Campylopus schimperi Campylopus setifolius Campylopus subulatus Catoscopium nigritum Cephalozia bicuspidata Cephalozia catenulata Cephalozia connivens Cephalozia leucantha Cephalozia loitlesbergeri Cephalozia lunulifolia Cephalozia macrostachya var. macrostachya Cephalozia macrostachya var. spiniflora Cephalozia pleniceps Cephaloziella divaricata Cephaloziella hampeana Cephaloziella integerrima Cephaloziella rubella Cephaloziella spinigera Cephaloziella stellulifera Cephaloziella turneri Ceratodon purpureus Chiloscyphus pallescens Chiloscyphus polyanthos Cinclidotus fontinaloides Cirriphyllum piliferum Cladopodiella fluitans Cladopodiella francisci Cololejeunea calcarea Cololejeunea minutissima Colura calyptrifolia Conocephalum conicum Cryphaea heteromalla Cryptothallus mirabilis

Ctenidium molluscum var. condensatum Cynodontium jenneri

Dichodontium flavescens Dichodontium pellucidum Dicranella cerviculata Dicranella crispa Dicranella heteromalla Dicranella palustris Dicranella rufescens Dicranella schreberiana Dicranella staphylina Dicranella subulata Dicranella varia Dicranodontium denudatum Dicranoweisia cirrata Dicranum bonjeanii Dicranum fuscescens Dicranum majus Dicranum scoparium Dicranum scottianum Didymodon fallax Didymodon ferrugineus Didymodon insulanus Didymodon luridus Didymodon rigidulus Didymodon sinuosus Didymodon spadiceus Didymodon tophaceus Didymodon vinealis Diphyscium foliosum Diplophyllum albicans Diplophyllum obtusifolium Distichium capillaceum Distichium inclinatum Ditrichum cylindricum Ditrichum flexicaule s.s. Ditrichum gracile Ditrichum heteromallum Ditrichum pusillum Ditrichum zonatum var. scabrifolium Douinia ovata Drepanocladus aduncus Drepanocladus cossonii Drepanocladus lycopodioides Drepanocladus polygamus Drepanocladus revolvens s.s. Drepanocladus sendtneri Drepanolejeunea hamatifolia Encalypta streptocarpa Encalypta vulgaris Entosthodon attenuatus Entosthodon obtusus Ephemerum minutissimum Ephemerum serratum Ephemerum serratum or E. minutissimum Ephemerum sessile

Epipterygium tozeri Eremonotus myriocarpus Eucladium verticillatum Eurhynchium crassinervium Eurhynchium hians Eurhynchium praelongum Eurhynchium pumilum Eurhynchium speciosum Fissidens adianthoides Fissidens bryoides Fissidens curnovii Fissidens dubius Fissidens osmundoides Fissidens pusillus Fissidens rufulus Fissidens taxifolius var. taxifolius Fissidens viridulus aggregate: identity of species uncertain Fissidens viridulus s.s. Fontinalis antipyretica var. antipyretica Fontinalis squamosa var. squamosa Fossombronia angulosa Fossombronia angulosa Fossombronia caespitiformis Fossombronia foveolata Fossombronia husnotii Fossombronia incurva Fossombronia pusilla Fossombronia wondraczekii Frullania dilatata Frullania fragilifolia Frullania microphylla var. microphylla Frullania tamarisci Frullania teneriffae Funaria hygrometrica Geocalyx graveolens Glyphomitrium daviesii Grimmia atrata Grimmia britannica Grimmia donniana Grimmia funalis Grimmia hartmanii Grimmia pulvinata var. pulvinata Grimmia ramondii Grimmia retracta Grimmia trichophylla Gymnocolea inflata Gymnomitrion concinnatum Gymnomitrion corallioides Gymnomitrion crenulatum Gymnomitrion obtusum Gymnostomum aeruginosum Gymnostomum calcareum Gymnostomum viridulum Gyroweisia tenuis


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Hamatocaulis vernicosus Haplomitrium hookeri Harpalejeunea molleri Hedwigia stellata Hennediella heimii Herbertus aduncus subsp. hutchinsiae Heterocladium heteropterum var. flaccidum Heterocladium wulfsbergii Hygrobiella laxifolia Hygrohypnum eugyrium Hygrohypnum luridum var. luridum Hylocomium brevirostre Hylocomium umbratum Hymenostylium recurvirostrum Hypnum andoi Hypnum callichroum Hypnum lacunosum var. lacunosum Hypnum lacunosum var. tectorum Hypnum lindbergii Isothecium holtii Kindb. Isothecium myosuroides var. brachythecioides Isothecium myosuroides var. myosuroides Jubula hutchinsiae Jungermannia atrovirens Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia Jungermannia gracillima Jungermannia hyalina Jungermannia obovata Jungermannia paroica Jungermannia pumila Jungermannia subelliptica Kiaeria blyttii Kurzia pauciflora Kurzia sylvatica Kurzia trichoclados Leiocolea badensis Leiocolea bantriensis Leiocolea collaris Leiocolea turbinata Lejeunea cavifolia Lejeunea lamacerina Lejeunea patens Lepidozia cupressina Lepidozia pearsonii Lepidozia reptans Leptobryum pyriforme Leptodontium flexifolium Leptoscyphus cuneifolius Leskea polycarpa Leucobryum glaucum Lophocolea bidentata Lophocolea fragrans

Lophocolea heterophylla Lophozia bicrenata Lophozia excisa Lophozia incisa Lophozia longiflora Lophozia opacifolia Lophozia sudetica Lophozia ventricosa Lunularia cruciata Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis Marchesinia mackaii Marsupella adusta Marsupella emarginata var. aquatica Marsupella emarginata var. emarginata Marsupella emarginata var. pearsonii Marsupella funckii Marsupella sphacelata Marsupella sprucei Meesia uliginosa Metzgeria conjugata Metzgeria fruticulosa Metzgeria fruticulosa or M. temperata Metzgeria furcata Metzgeria leptoneura Metzgeria temperata Microbryum davallianum Microbryum rectum Microlejeunea ulicina Mnium hornum Mnium marginatum var. marginatum Mnium stellare Mnium thomsonii Moerckia hibernica Mylia anomala Mylia taylorii Myurella julacea var. julacea Nardia compressa Nardia geoscyphus Nardia scalaris Neckera complanata Nowellia curvifolia Odontoschisma denudatum Odontoschisma sphagni Oedipodium griffithianum Oligotrichum hercynicum Orthothecium rufescens Orthotrichum anomalum Orthotrichum cupulatum var. cupulatum Orthotrichum cupulatum var. riparium Orthotrichum diaphanum

Orthotrichum pulchellum Orthotrichum rupestre Orthotrichum tenellum Paraleptodontium recurvifolium Pedinophyllum interruptum Pellia endiviifolia Pellia epiphylla Pellia neesiana Petalophyllum ralfsii

Phaeoceros laevis Philonotis arnellii Philonotis caespitosa Philonotis calcarea Philonotis rigida Philonotis tomentella Physcomitrium pyriforme Plagiobryum zieri Plagiochila asplenioides Plagiochila asplenioides Plagiochila bifaria Plagiochila britannica Plagiochila exigua Plagiochila porelloides Plagiochila punctata Plagiochila spinulosa Plagiomnium affine Plagiomnium cuspidatum Plagiomnium elatum Plagiomnium ellipticum Plagiothecium cavifolium Plagiothecium denticulatum var. obtusifolium Plagiothecium nemorale Plagiothecium succulentum Platydictya jungermannioides Pleuridium acuminatum Pleurozia purpurea Pogonatum aloides Pogonatum nanum Pogonatum urnigerum Pohlia andalusica Pohlia annotina Pohlia bulbifera Pohlia camptotrachela Pohlia cruda Pohlia drummondii Pohlia elongata subsp. elongata var. elongata Pohlia filum Pohlia flexuosa Pohlia melanodon Pohlia nutans Pohlia wahlenbergii var. calcarea Pohlia wahlenbergii var. wahlenbergii Polytrichum alpinum Polytrichum commune var. commune


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Polytrichum formosum Polytrichum juniperinum Polytrichum piliferum Polytrichum strictum Porella arboris-vitae Porella obtusata Preissia quadrata Pseudephemerum nitidum Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum Pseudocrossidium revolutum Pterogonium gracile Ptilidium ciliare Ptychomitrium polyphyllum Racomitrium aciculare Racomitrium affine Racomitrium aquaticum Racomitrium ellipticum Racomitrium ericoides Racomitrium fasciculare Racomitrium heterostichum Racomitrium lanuginosum Racomitrium sudeticum Radula aquilegia Radula complanata Radula voluta Reboulia hemisphaerica Rhabdoweisia crenulata Rhabdoweisia crispata Rhabdoweisia fugax Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum Rhodobryum roseum Rhynchostegiella tenella Rhynchostegiella teneriffae Riccardia chamedryfolia Riccardia incurvata Riccardia latifrons Riccardia multifida Riccardia palmata Riccia beyrichiana Riccia cavernosa Riccia crozalsii Riccia glauca Riccia sorocarpa Riccia subbifurca Saccogyna viticulosa Scapania aequiloba Scapania aspera Scapania compacta Scapania curta Scapania cuspiduligera Scapania gracilis Scapania gymnostomophila Scapania irrigua

Scapania nemorea Scapania nimbosa Scapania ornithopodioides Scapania scandica Scapania subalpina Scapania uliginosa Scapania umbrosa Scapania undulata Schistidium agassizii

Schistidium apocarpum aggregate Schistidium apocarpum s.s. Schistidium crassipilum Schistidium maritimum Schistidium rivulare Schistidium strictum Scleropodium cespitans Seligeria donniana Seligeria recurvata Sphagnum austinii Sphagnum capillifolium subsp. rubellum Sphagnum compactum Sphagnum contortum Sphagnum cuspidatum Sphagnum denticulatum Sphagnum fallax subsp. fallax Sphagnum fimbriatum Sphagnum fuscum Sphagnum girgensohnii Sphagnum inundatum Sphagnum magellanicum Sphagnum molle Sphagnum palustre var. palustre Sphagnum papillosum Sphagnum pulchrum Sphagnum quinquefarium Sphagnum russowii Sphagnum squarrosum Sphagnum strictum Sphagnum subnitens var. subnitens Sphagnum subsecundum Sphagnum tenellum Sphagnum teres Sphagnum warnstorfii Sphenolobopsis pearsonii Splachnum ampullaceum Splachnum sphaericum Syntrichia intermedia Syntrichia laevipila var. laevipila Syntrichia laevipila var. laevipilaeformis Syntrichia papillosa

Syntrichia ruraliformis Syntrichia ruralis Taxiphyllum wissgrillii Telaranea nematodes Tetraphis pellucida Tetraplodon mnioides Tetrodontium brownianum Thuidium abietinum subsp. hystricosum Thuidium assimile Thuidium delicatulum Thuidium recognitum Tomentypnum nitens Tortella flavovirens var. flavovirens Tortella flavovirens var. glareicola Tortella nitida Tortella tortuosa Tortula acaulon var. acaulon Tortula atrovirens Tortula muralis var. muralis Tortula subulata var. subulata Tortula truncata Trichocolea tomentella Trichostomum brachydontium Trichostomum crispulum Trichostomum hibernicum Trichostomum tenuirostre var. tenuirostre Tritomaria exsecta Tritomaria exsectiformis Tritomaria quinquedentata Ulota crispa Ulota drummondii Warnstorfia exannulata Warnstorfia fluitans Weissia brachycarpa var. obliqua Weissia condensa Weissia controversa var. controversa Weissia controversa var. crispata Weissia controversa var. densifolia Weissia longifolia var. angustifolia Weissia perssonii Weissia rutilans Zygodon conoideus Zygodon viridissimus var. stirtonii Zygodon viridissimus var. viridissimus


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FERNS AND FLOWERING PLANTS (PHYLUM TRACHEOPHYTA) 1219 Taxa

Bluebells Hyacinthoides non-scripta Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Biting Stonecrop Sedum acre

Also called the Vascular Plants, this is one of the better known groups in Donegal, although even here there is still a lot of work to do – and when that is done, it is still a major task to monitor on-going changes. The list is broken into three sections, with the first two indicating species of importance. There are various criteria which can be used to determine importance. These were adopted in the Appendices compiled for the County Biodiversity Plan, from which the first two tables here were taken. This analysis can be done in different ways, to suit different needs.

References: Preston, C.D., D.A. Pearman and T.D. Dines. (2002). New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora. O.U.P.

PRIORITY LIST

SCIENTIFIC NAME ENGLISH NAME IRISH NAME Sisyrinchium bermudiana Blue-eyed-grass Fionncholl gaelach Saxifraga hartii Hart's saxifrage Feilistrín gorm Spiranthes romanzoffiana Irish Lady's-tresses Iúr Sorbus hibernica Irish Service-tree Cúilín gaelach Mertensia maritima Oysterplant Buíán sailí Pyrola rotundifolia subsp. maritima Round-leaved Wintergreen Mórán creige Pseudorchis albida Small-white Orchid Glasluibh chruinn Carum verticillatum Whorled Caraway Lus na sceallaí Monotropa hypopitys Yellow Bird's-nest Magairlín bán Taxus baccata Yew Dúchosach

OTHER IMPORTANT SPECIES

Radiola linoides Allseed Gathán lín Persicaria vivipara Alpine Bistort Glúineach shléibhe Diphasiastrum alpinum Alpine Clubmoss Rú léana Alpach Thalictrum alpinum Alpine Meadow-rue Rú léana Alpach Saussurea alpina Alpine Saw-wort Sábhlus sléibhe Gentianella amarella Autumn Gentian Muilcheann Ophrys apifera Bee Orchid Magairlín na mbeach Prunus padus Bird Cherry Donnroisc Neottia nidus-avis Bird's-nest Orchid Magairlín neide éin Montia fontana subsp. amporitana Blinks -- Hammarbya paludosa Bog Orchid Magairlín na móna Ranunculus baudotii Brackish Water-crowfoot Néal uisce sáile Anagallis minima Chaffweed Camán meall Chamaemelum nobile Chamomile Grianrós Helianthemum nummularium Common Rock-rose Grianrós


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Pyrola minor Common Wintergreen Glasluibh mheánach Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberry Bódhearc Neotinea maculata Dense-flowered Orchid Magairlín glas Euphrasia rostkoviana subsp. rostkoviana Eyebright Potamogeton coloratus Fen Pondweed Liach eanaigh Gentianella campestris Field Gentian Lus an chrúbáin Trollius europaeus Globeflower Leolach Hieracium hartii Hawkweed -- Hieracium hibernicum Hawkweed -- Gnaphalium sylvaticum Heath Cudweed Gnamhlus móna Draba incana Hoary Whitlowgrass Ibheag dheilgneach Polystichum lonchitis Holly-fern Ibheag dheilgneach Pyrola media Intermediate Wintergreen Glasluibh bheag Euphrasia salisburgiensis Irish Eyebright -- Orobanche hederae Ivy Broomrape Múchóg mhór Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy-leaved Crowfoot Néal uisce eidhneach Juniperus communis Juniper Aiteal Trichomanes speciosum Killarney Fern Raithneach Chill Airne

Galeopsis speciosa Large-flowered Hemp-nettle Ga buí mór

Ranunculus flammula subsp. scoticus Lesser Spearwort Glasair léane bheag Erica mackaiana Mackay's Heath Dúchosach Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fern Garbhógach chorraigh Lycopodiella inundata Marsh Clubmoss Garbhógach chorraigh Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherb Coireán caonaigh Silene acaulis Moss Campion Coireán caonaigh Dryas octopetala Mountain Avens Cuaichín caol Cephalanthera longifolia Narrow-leaved Helleborine Magairlín caol

Dactylorhiza traunsteineri Narrow-leaved Marsh-orchid Raithneach chas

Cryptogramma crispa Parsley Fern Néal uisce Ranunculus peltatus Pond Water-crowfoot Néal uisce Saxifraga oppositifolia Purple Saxifrage Mórán sléibhe Ajuga pyramidalis Pyramidal Bugle Dathabha abhann Oenanthe fluviatilis River Water-dropwort Dathabha abhann Sorbus rupicola Rock Whitebeam Fionncholl creige Sedum rosea Roseroot Lus na laoch Ligusticum scoticum Scots Lovage Sunais Lathyrus japonicus subsp. maritimus Sea Pea Peasairín trá Equisetum pratense Shade Horsetail Síofróg uisce Najas flexilis Slender Naiad Síofróg uisce Ophioglossum azoricum Small Adder's-tongue Lus na teanga beag Bromus racemosus Smooth Brome Lus cleite an earraigh Isoetes echinospora Spring Quillwort Lus cleite an earraigh Saxifraga spathularis St Patrick's-cabbage Cabáiste an mhadra rua Lycopodium clavatum Stag's-horn Clubmoss Garbhógach na mbeann Saxifraga stellaris Starry Saxifrage Mórán réaltach Carex bigelowii Stiff Sedge Sú na mban mín Rubus saxatilis Stone Bramble Sú na mban mín Orobanche alba Thyme Broomrape Múchóg dhearg Rumex hydrolapathum Water Dock Copóg uisce Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia Hocas tae buí Saxifraga aizoides Yellow Saxifrage Mórán buí Zostera noltii


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ALL OTHER FLOWERING PLANTS

Ophioglossum vulgatum Adder's-tongue Lus na teanga Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony Marbhdhraighean Alnus glutinosa Alder Fearnóg Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Lusrán grándubh Salix triandra Almond Willow Saileach na dtrí bhall Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover Seamair Lochlannach Myriophyllum alterniflorum Alternate Water-milfoil Líonánach crom Veronica peregrina American Speedwell Lus cré gallda Epilobium ciliatum American Willowherb Saileachán sráide Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistort Glúineach uisce Scleranthus annuus Annual Knawel Cabhair Mhuire Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass Cuise bliantúil Sagina apetala Annual Pearlwort Mongán lom Sagina apetala subsp. apetala Annual Pearlwort Mongán lom Sagina apetala subsp. erecta Annual Pearlwort Mongán lom Suaeda maritima Annual Sea-blite Blide mhara Malus domestica Apple Abhaill Sagittaria sagittifolia Arrowhead Rinn saighde Fraxinus excelsior Ash Fuinseog Populus tremula Aspen Crann creathach Crocosmia paniculata Aunt-Eliza -- Pinus nigra Austrian Pine -- Leontodon autumnalis Autumn Hawkbit Crág phortáin Callitriche hermaphroditica Autumnal Water-starwort Réiltín fómhair Atriplex glabriuscula Babington's Orache Eilifleog chladaigh Berberis vulgaris Barberry Barbróg Anisantha sterilis Barren Brome Brómas aimrid Potentilla sterilis Barren Strawberry Sú talún bréige Salix pentandra Bay Willow Saileach labhrais Crepis vesicaria Beaked Hawk's-beard -- Ruppia maritima Beaked Tasselweed Scothóga mara Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Lus na stalóg Elymus caninus Bearded Couch Broimfhéar colgach Fagus sylvatica Beech Feá Phegopteris connectilis Beech Fern Raithneach feá Erica cinerea Bell Heather Fraoch cloigíneach Stachys officinalis Betony Lus beatha Galeopsis bifida Bifid Hemp-nettle -- Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry Fraochán Sedum acre Biting Stonecrop Grafán na gcloch Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Fuath gorm Lathyrus linifolius Bitter-vetch Corra meille Agrostis gigantea Black Bent Feorainn dhubh Schoenus nigricans Black Bog-rush Sifín Ribes nigrum Black Currant Cuirín dubh Medicago lupulina Black Medick Dúmheidic Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Black Spleenwort Fionncha dubh Rubus boudiccae Blackberry Dris Rubus fruticosus agg. Blackberry Dris Rubus ulmifolius Blackberry Dris Fallopia convolvulus Black-bindweed Glúineach dhubh Populus nigra Black-poplar Poibleog dhubh Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia Black-poplar Poibleog dhubh Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Draighean


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Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Coireán na gcuach Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Coireán na gcuach Carex vesicaria Bladder-sedge Cíb bhoilgneach Utricularia australis Bladderwort Lus borraigh mór Montia fontana Blinks Fliodh uisce Montia fontana subsp. variabilis Blinks -- Geranium sanguineum Bloody Crane's-bill Crobh dearg Sesleria caerulea Blue Moor-grass Féar boirne Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue Water-Speedwell Biolar grá Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebell Coinnle corra Juncus subnodulosus Blunt-flowered Rush Luachair gheal

Callitriche obtusangula Blunt-fruited Water-starwort Réiltín eangach

Potamogeton obtusifolius Blunt-leaved Pondweed Líobhógach mhaol Narthecium ossifragum Bog Asphodel Sciollam na móna Anagallis tenella Bog Pimpernel Falcaire corraigh Potamogeton polygonifolius Bog Pondweed Liach mhóna Stellaria uliginosa Bog stitchwort Tursarraing mhóna Viola palustris Bog Violet Menyanthes trifoliata Bogbean Báchrán Myrica gale Bog-myrtle Raideog Carex limosa Bog-sedge Cíb chorraigh Carex rostrata Bottle Sedge Cíb ghobach Buxus sempervirens Box -- Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Raithneach mhór Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed Rísheisc Sparganium erectum subsp. microcarpum Branched Bur-reed Rísheisc Sparganium erectum subsp. neglectum Branched Bur-reed Rísheisc Spiraea salicifolia Bridewort Brídeach Potamogeton gramineus × perfoliatus = P. × nitens Bright-leaved Pondweed -- Isolepis setacea Bristle Club-rush Crualuachair bhiorach Avena strigosa Bristle Oat Coirce Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder-fern Raithneach bhriosc Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fern Raithneach leathan Sasa palmata Broad-leaved Bamboo -- Eriophorum latifolium Broad-leaved Cottongrass Ceannbhán leathan Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock Copóg shráide Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Ealabairín Salix caprea × viminalis = S. × sericans Broad-leaved Osier -- Potamogeton natans Broad-leaved Pondweed Liach Bhríde Senecio fluviatilis Broad-leaved Ragwort Buachalán leathan Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb Saileachán leathan Veronica beccabunga Brooklime Lochall Samolus valerandi Brookweed Falcaire uisce Cytisus scoparius Broom Giolcach shléibhe Cytisus scoparius Broom Giolcach shléibhe Rhynchospora fusca Brown Beak-sedge Gobsheisc rua Agrostis vinealis Brown Bent Feorainn dhonn Carex disticha Brown Sedge Cíb rua Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain Adharca fia Rhamnus cathartica Buckthorn Paide bréan Ajuga reptans Bugle Glasair choille Anchusa arvensis Bugloss Boglas Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup Tuile thalún Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rush Luachair bhleibeach


32

Typha latifolia Bulrush Coigeal na mban sí Anthriscus caucalis Bur Chervil Peirsil bhog Rosa spinosissima Burnet Rose Briúlán Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet-saxifrage Ainís fhiáin Vicia sepium Bush Vetch Peasair fhiáin Mentha arvensis × spicata = M. × gracilis Bushy Mint -- Petasites hybridus Butterbur Gallán mór Buddleja davidii Butterfly-bush Tor an fhéileacáin Elodea canadensis Canadian Waterweed Tím uisce Phalaris canariensis Canary-grass Féar síl éin Carum carvi Caraway Cearbhas Carlina vulgaris Carline Thistle Feochadán mín Carex panicea Carnation Sedge Cíb chruithneachta Hypochaeris radicata Cat's-ear Cluas chait Phuopsis stylosa Caucasian crosswort -- Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup Toircheas fiáin Myosotis discolor Changing Forget-me-not Lus míonla buí Sinapis arvensis Charlock Praiseach bhuí Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel Labhras silíní Cichorium intybus Chicory Siocaire Rubus tricolor Chinese Bramble -- Galium aparine Cleavers Garbhlus Ceratocapnos claviculata Climbing Corydalis Fliodh na tuí Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Dock Copóg thriopallach Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot Garbhfhéar Tussilago farfara Colt's-foot Sponc Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine Colaimbín Agrostis capillaris Common Bent Feorainn mhín Lotus corniculatus Common Bird's-foot-trefoil Crobh éin Persicaria bistorta Common Bistort Stóinse Cicerbita macrophylla Common Blue-sow-thistle Bleachtán gorm Pinguicula vulgaris Common Butterwort Bodán meascáin Clinopodium ascendens Common Calamint Cailmint Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury Dréimire Mhuire Stellaria media Common Chickweed Fliodh Symphytum officinale Common Comfrey Compar Spartina anglica Common Cord-grass Spairtíneach ghallda Valerianella locusta Common Cornsalad Ceathrú uain Eriophorum angustifolium Common Cottongrass Ceannbhán Elytrigia repens Common Couch Broimfhéar Melampyrum pratense Common Cow-wheat Lus an tsagairt Melampyrum pratense Common Cow-wheat Lus an tsagairt Filago vulgaris Common Cudweed Cáithluibh Viola riviniana Common Dog-violet Lemna minor Common Duckweed Ros lachan Veronica persica Common Field-speedwell Lus cré garraí Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort Donnlus Pulicaria dysenterica Common Fleabane Lus buí na ndreancaidí Fumaria officinalis Common Fumitory Camán searraigh díge Salicornia europaea Common Glasswort Lus na gloine Lithospermum officinale Common Gromwell Gormail Galeopsis tetrahit Common Hemp-nettle Ga buí Centaurea nigra Common Knapweed Mínscoth Malva sylvestris Common Mallow Lus na meall Muire Polygala vulgaris Common Milkwort Lus na bhainne Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear Cluas luchóige Cerastium fontanum subsp. holosteoides Common Mouse-ear --


33

Cerastium fontanum subsp. vulgare Common Mouse-ear -- Urtica dioica Common Nettle Neantóg Atriplex patula Common Orache Eilifleog chaol Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy Cailleach dhearg Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwort Buachalán buí

Fumaria muralis Common Ramping-fumitory Camán searraigh balla

Phragmites australis Common Reed Giolcach Puccinellia maritima Common Saltmarsh-grass Féar muirisce Carex nigra Common Sedge Cíb dhubh Bromus hordeaceus Common Soft-brome Brómas bog Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel Samhadh bó Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush Cíb dhéise Eleocharis palustris subsp. vulgaris Common Spike-rush Cíb dhéise Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted-orchid Nuacht bhallach Erodium cicutarium agg. Common Stork's-bill Creagach Erodium cicutarium agg. Common Stork's-bill Creagach Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflax Buaflíon Listera ovata Common Twayblade Dédhuilleog Valeriana officinalis Common Valerian Caorthann corraigh Vicia sativa Common vetch Peasair chapaill Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Vetch Peasair chapaill Ranunculus aquatilis Common Water-crowfoot Néal uisce coiteann Erophila verna Common Whitlowgrass Bosán anagair Carex viridula subsp. oedocarpa Common Yellow-sedge Cíb bhuí mhóna Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush Luachair dhlúth Spiraea salicifolia × douglasii = S. × pseudosalicifolia Confused bridewort Brideach breige

Aster novi-belgii Confused Michaelmas-daisy --

Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomile Fíogadán goirt Chrysanthemum segetum Corn Marigold Buíán Mentha arvensis Corn Mint Mismín arbhair Spergula arvensis Corn Spurrey Corrán lín Agrostemma githago Corncockle Cogal Centaurea cyanus Cornflower Gormán Erica vagans Cornish Heath Fraoch gallda Erica terminalis Corsican Heath Fraoch gainimh Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsley Peirsil bhó Cicuta virosa Cowbane Fealla bog Primula veris Cowslip Bainne bó bleachtáin Salix fragilis Crack-willow Saileach bhriosc Salix fragilis var. decipiens Crack-willow Saileach bhriosc Vaccinium oxycoccos Cranberry Mónóg Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bent Feorainn Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup Fearbán (reatha) Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil Cúig mhéar mhuire Myosotis secunda Creeping Forget-me-not Ceotharnach reatha Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grass Mínfhéar reatha Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistle Feochadán reatha Salix repens Creeping Willow Saileach reatha Rorippa sylvestris Creeping Yellow-cress Biolar buí reatha Lysimachia nummularia Creeping-Jenny Lus an dá phingin Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail Coinfhéar Erica tetralix Cross-leaved Heath Fraoch naoscaí Empetrum nigrum Crowberry Lus na feannóige Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflower Biolar gréagáin Rumex crispus Curled dock Copóg chatach Rumex crispus subsp. littoreus Curled Dock --


34

Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweed Líobhógach chatach Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane's-bill Crobh giobach Lamium hybridum Cut-leaved Dead-nettle Caochneantóg dhiosctha Bellis perennis Daisy Nóinín Hesperis matronalis Dame's-violet Feascarlus Taraxacum oxoniense Dandelion -- Cochlearia danica Danish Scurvygrass Carrán creige Lolium temulentum Darnel Roille Berberis darwinii Darwin's Barberry -- Trichophorum cespitosum Deergrass Cíb cheanngheal Succisa pratensis Devil's-bit Scabious Odhrach bhallach Rubus caesius Dewberry Eithreog Hebe dieffenbachii Dieffenbach's Hebe -- Carex dioica Dioecious Sedge Cíb éagmaise Carex distans Distant Sedge Cíb scrogallach Rosa canina Dog-rose Feirdhris Cornus sanguinea Dogwood Conbhaiscne Lysimachia punctata Dotted Loosestrife Breallán dlúth Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir -- Geranium molle Dove's-foot Crane's-bill Crobh bog Betula pubescens Downy Birch Beith chlúmhach Helictotrichon pubescens Downy Oat-grass Coirce clumhach Geranium endressii × versicolor = G. × oxonianum Druce's Crane's-bill -- Geranium phaeum Dusky Crane's-bill Crobh odhar Prunus cerasus Dwarf Cherry Crann silíní searbha Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder Tromán Juniperus communis subsp. nana Dwarf Juniper Aiteal bheag Salix herbacea Dwarf Willow Camshaileog Salix viminalis × caprea × aurita = S. × stipularis Eared Osier -- Salix aurita Eared Willow Crann sníofa Viola reichenbachiana Early Dog-violet Myosotis ramosissima Early Forget-me-not Lus míonla luath Aira praecox Early Hair-grass Mionfhéar luath Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. coccinea Early Marsh-orchid Magairlín mór Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. incarnata Early Marsh-orchid Magairlín mór Dactylorhiza incarnata subsp. pulchella Early Marsh-orchid Magairlín mór Orchis mascula Early-purple Orchid Magairlín meidhreach Zostera marina Eelgrass Sambucus nigra Elder Trom Inula helenium Elecampane Meacan aillinn Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's-nightshade Fuinseagach Ulmus procera English Elm Leamhán gallda Cochlearia anglica English Scurvygrass Carrán muirisce Sedum anglicum English Stonecrop Póiríní seangán Cotoneaster integrifolius Entire-leaved Cotoneaster -- Polygonum arenastrum Equal-leaved Knotgrass Glúineach ghainimh Escallonia macrantha Escallonia -- Larix decidua European Larch -- Abies alba European Silver-fir -- Salix daphnoides European Violet-willow -- Euphrasia arctica Eyebright Glanrosc Euphrasia arctica subsp. borealis Eyebright Glanrosc Euphrasia confusa Eyebright Glanrosc Euphrasia micrantha Eyebright Glanrosc


35

Euphrasia nemorosa Eyebright Glanrosc Euphrasia officinalis agg. Eyebright Glanrosc Euphrasia rostkoviana Eyebright Glanrosc Euphrasia scottica Eyebright Glanrosc Euphrasia tetraquetra Eyebright Glanrosc Linum catharticum Fairy Flax Lus na mban sí Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge Cíb an mhadra rua Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass Coirce bréige Brachypodium sylvaticum False-brome Brómas bréige Ranunculus circinatus Fan-leaved Water-crowfoot Néal uisce righin Chenopodium album Fat-hen Blonagán bán Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw Rú eanaig Potamogeton pectinatus Fennel Pondweed Líobhógach fhinéalúil Catapodium rigidum Fern-grass Féar raithní Tanacetum parthenium Feverfew Lus deartán Eleocharis quinqueflora Few-flowered Spike-rush Spícíneach na gcúig bhláth Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed Ainleog Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not Lus míonla goirt Equisetum arvense Field Horsetail Scuab eich ghoirt Sherardia arvensis Field Madder Dearg faille Acer campestre Field Maple Mailp Viola arvensis Field Pansy Lus croí Thlaspi arvense Field Penny-cress Praiseach fhia Knautia arvensis Field Scabious Cab an ghasáin Luzula campestris Field Wood-rush Giúnach léana Stachys arvensis Field Woundwort Cuislín gan duaire Rosa arvensis Field-rose Rós léana Festuca filiformis Fine-leaved Sheep's-fescue Feiscú sléibhe Huperzia selago Fir Clubmoss Aiteann Muire Potamogeton friesii Flat-stalked Pondweed Líobhógach leata Poa compressa Flattened Meadow-grass Cuise leata Cuscuta epilinum Flax Dodder -- Carex pulicaris Flea Sedge Cíb na ndreancaidí Sparganium angustifolium Floating Bur-reed Rísheisc chaol Isolepis fluitans Floating Club-rush Brobh ar snámh Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grass Milseán uisce Ribes sanguineum Flowering Currant -- Butomus umbellatus Flowering-rush Luachair dhearg Aethusa cynapium Fool's Parsley Peirsil amaide Apium nodiflorum Fool's-water-cress Gunna uisce Pilosella aurantiaca Fox-and-cubs -- Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Lus mór Agrimonia procera Fragrant Agrimony Marbhdhraighean cumhra Gymnadenia conopsea Fragrant Orchid Lus taghla Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. borealis Fragrant Orchid Lus taghla Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. conopsea Fragrant Orchid Lus taghla Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. densiflora Fragrant Orchid Lus taghla Geranium endressii French Crane's-bill -- Coeloglossum viride Frog Orchid Magairlín an loscáin Juncus ambiguus Frog Rush Buafluachair bheag Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Frogbit Greim an loscáin Atriplex laciniata Frosted Orache Eilifleog phlúrach Fuchsia magellanica Fuchsia Fiúise Petroselinum crispum Garden Parsley Peirsil gharraí Ligustrum ovalifolium Garden Privet Pribhéad Polygonatum multiflorum × Garden Solomon's-seal --


36

odoratum = P. × hybridum

Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard Bóchoinneal Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell Anuallach Campanula latifolia Giant Bellflower Scornlus capaill Petasites japonicus Giant Butterbur -- Festuca gigantea Giant Fescue Feisciú capaill Abies grandis Giant Fir -- Heracleum mantegazzianum Giant Hogweed Feabhrán capaill Fallopia sachalinensis Giant Knotweed Glúineach chapaill Gunnera tinctoria Giant-rhubarb Gunnaire Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge Cíb liathghorm Salix caprea Goat Willow Sailchearnach Salix caprea Goat Willow Sailchearnach Solidago virgaurea Goldenrod Slat óir Ranunculus auricomus Goldilocks Buttercup Gruaig Mhuire Chenopodium bonus-henricus Good-King-Henry Praiseach bhráthar Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberry Spíonán Ulex europaeus Gorse Aiteann gallda Parnassia palustris Grass-of-Parnassus Fionnscoth Cladium mariscus Great Fen-sedge Sábhsheisc Equisetum telmateia Great Horsetail Feadóg Galium elongatum Great Marsh-bedstraw Rú corraigh mór Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein Coinnle Muire Drosera anglica Great Sundew Cailís Mhuire mhór Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb Lus na Tríoinóide Luzula sylvatica Great Wood-rush Giúnach mór Rorippa amphibia Great Yellow-cress Biolar buí mór Lotus pedunculatus Greater Bird's-foot-trefoil Crobh éin corraigh Utricularia vulgaris Greater Bladderwort Lus an bhorraigh Platanthera chlorantha Greater Butterfly-orchid Magairlín mór an fhéileacáin Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine Garra bhuí Stellaria neglecta Greater Chickweed Fliodh mhór Spirodela polyrhiza Greater Duckweed Ros lachan mór Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweed Mínscoth mhór Vinca major Greater Periwinkle -- Plantago major Greater Plantain Cuach Phádraig Plantago major subsp. major Greater Plantain Cuach Phádraig Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedge Cíb locháin mhór Spergularia media Greater Sea-spurrey Cabróis mhara mhór Ranunculus lingua Greater Spearwort Glasair léana mhór Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwort Tursarraing mhór Carex paniculata Greater Tussock-sedge Cíb thortógach Pentaglottis sempervirens Green Alkanet Boglas Spáinneach Veronica agrestis Green Field-speedwell Lus cré léana Helleborus viridis Green Hellebore -- Asplenium viride Green Spleenwort Fionncha glas Carex binervis Green-ribbed Sedge Cíb fhéithghlas Alnus incana Grey Alder Fearnóg liath Veronica polita Grey Field-speedwell Lus cré liath Populus alba × tremula = P. × canescens Grey Poplar Poibleog liath Salix cinerea subsp. cinerea Grey Willow Saileacha liath Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elder Lus an easpaig Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivy Athair lusa Senecio vulgaris Groundsel Grúnlas Viburnum opulus Guelder-rose Caor chon Lycopus europaeus Gypsywort Feorán corraigh Calystegia pulchra Hairy Bindweed Ialus giobach Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress Searbh-bhiolar giobach


37

Rosa caesia subsp. caesia Hairy dog rose Feirdris bhog Alchemilla filicaulis Hairy Lady's-mantle Dearna Mhuire ghiobach Alchemilla filicaulis subsp. vestita Hairy Lady's-mantle Dearna Mhuire ghiobach Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rock-cress Gas caillí giobach Carex hirta Hairy Sedge Cíb ghiobach Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tare Peasair arbhair Luzula pilosa Hairy Wood-rush Giúnach coille Bromopsis ramosa Hairy-brome Brómas giobach Juncus inflexus Hard Rush Luachair chrua Polystichum aculeatum Hard Shield-fern Ibheag chrua Blechnum spicant Hard-fern Raithneach chrua Parapholis strigosa Hard-grass Cruafhéar Campanula rotundifolia Harebell Méaracán gorm Trifolium arvense Hare's-foot Clover Cos mhaideach Eriophorum vaginatum Hare's-tail Cottongrass Ceannbhán gaelach Rosa tomentosa Harsh Downy-rose Rós clúmhach Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tongue Fern Creamh na muice fia Hieracium anglicum Hawkweed Lus na seabhac Hieracium argenteum Hawkweed -- Hieracium basalticola Hawkweed -- Hieracium caledonicum Hawkweed -- Hieracium iricum Hawkweed -- Hieracium maritimum Hawkweed -- Hieracium orimeles Hawkweed -- Hieracium rubiginosum Hawkweed -- Hieracium schmidtii Hawkweed -- Hieracium scoticum Hawkweed -- Hieracium sparsifolium Hawkweed -- Hieracium stewartii Hawkweed -- Hieracium strictiforme Hawkweed -- Hieracium subrude Hawkweed -- Hieracium uiginskyense Hawkweed -- Hieracium umbellatum Hawkweed -- Hieracium vulgatum Hawkweed -- Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Sceach gheal Dryopteris aemula Hay-scented Buckler-fern Raithneach chumhra Corylus avellana Hazel Coll Galium saxatile Heath Bedstraw Lubh na bhfear gonta Viola canina Heath Dog-violet Sailchuach mhóna Senecio sylvaticus Heath Groundsel Grúnlas móna Polygala serpyllifolia Heath Milkwort Na deirfiúiríní Sagina subulata Heath Pearlwort Mongán móna Juncus squarrosus Heath Rush Luachair chaoráin Veronica officinalis Heath Speedwell Lus cré Dactylorhiza maculata subsp. ericetorum Heath Spotted-orchid Na circíní Luzula multiflora Heath Wood-rush Giúnach caoráin Luzula multiflora subsp. congesta Heath Wood-rush Giúnach caoráin Luzula multiflora subsp. multiflora Heath Wood-rush Giúnach caoráin Calluna vulgaris Heather Fraoch mór Danthonia decumbens Heath-grass Féar caoráin Galium mollugo Hedge Bedstraw Rú fáil Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed Ialus fáil Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed Ialus fáil Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata Hedge Bindweed Ialus fáil Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard Lus an óir Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort Créachtlus Conium maculatum Hemlock Moing mhear Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwort Dathabha bán


38

Cannabis sativa Hemp -- Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimony Cnáib uisce Hyoscyamus niger Henbane Gafann Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Dead-nettle Caochneantóg Geranium robertianum Herb-Robert Ruithéal rí Cotoneaster simonsii Himalayan Cotoneaster Cainchín Áiseach Leycesteria formosa Himalayan Honeysuckle Féithleann álainn Persicaria wallichii Himalayan knotweed Glúineach spiceach Epilobium parviflorum Hoary Willowherb Saileachán liath Heracleum sphondylium Hogweed Feabhrán Ilex aquifolium Holly Cuileann Quercus ilex Holm Oak -- Lonicera periclymenum Honeysuckle Féithleann Humulus lupulus Hop Hopa Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil Seamair dhuimhche Zannichellia palustris Horned Pondweed Aesculus hippocastanum Horse chestnut Crann cnó capaill Armoracia rusticana Horse-radish Meacan ragaim Sempervivum tectorum House-leek Teinne Eagla Geum rivale × urbanum = G. × intermedium Hybrid Avens -- Populus balsamifera × P. trichocarpa = P. 'Balsam Spire' Hybrid Balsam-poplar -- Populus nigra × deltoides = P. × canadensis Hybrid Black-poplar Poibleog ghallda Hyacinthoides non-scripta × hispanica = H. × massartiana Hybrid Bluebell -- Potentilla anglica × reptans = P. × mixta Hybrid Cinquefoil -- Salix fragilis × alba = S. × rubens Hybrid Crack-willow -- Larix decidua × kaempferi = L. × marschlinsii Hybrid Larch -- Mimulus guttatus × luteus = M. × robertsii Hybrid Monkeyflower -- Glyceria fluitans × notata = G. × pedicellata Hybrid Sweet-grass -- Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum × microphylla = R. × sterilis Hybrid Water-cress -- Hypericum maculatum subsp. obtusiusculum Imperforate St John's-wort Beathnua gan smál Impatiens glandulifera Indian Balsam Lus na pléisce Utricularia intermedia Intermediate Bladderwort Lus borraigh gaelach Alchemilla xanthochlora Intermediate Lady's-mantle Dearna Mhuire bhuí Polypodium interjectum Intermediate Polypody Scim mheánach Callitriche hamulata sens. lat. Intermediate Water-starwort Réiltín meánach Hedera helix subsp. hibernica Irish Ivy -- Pedicularis sylvatica subsp. hibernica Irish Lousewort Lus an ghiolla gaelach Saxifraga rosacea Irish Saxifrage Mórán gaelach Rumex acetosa subsp. hibernicus Irish Sorrel Samhadh gaelach Euphorbia hyberna Irish Spurge Bainne caoin Alnus cordata Italian Alder -- Lolium multiflorum Italian Rye-grass Seagalach lodálach Hedera helix Ivy Eidhneán Hedera helix subsp. helix Ivy Eidhneán Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweed Ros lachan eidhneach Veronica hederifolia Ivy-leaved Speedwell Lus cré eidhneach Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Buaflíon balla Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Buaflíon balla Polemonium caeruleum Jacob's-ladder -- Prunus serrulata Japanese Cherry --


39

Fallopia japonica Japanese Knotweed Glúineach bhiorach Larix kaempferi Japanese Larch -- Rosa rugosa Japanese Rose Rós rúsacach Spiraea japonica Japanese Spiraea -- Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush Lachán na ndamh Juniperus communis subsp. communis Juniper Aiteal Saxifraga hirsuta Kidney Saxifrage Mórán giobach Anthyllis vulneraria Kidney Vetch Méara Muire Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. lapponica Kidney Vetch Méara Muire Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. vulneraria Kidney Vetch Méara Muire Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass Glúineach bheag Polygonum aviculare agg. Knotgrass Glúineach bheag Sagina nodosa Knotted Pearlwort Mongán gluineach Selaginella kraussiana Krauss's Clubmoss Garbhógach gharraí Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fern Raithneach Mhuire Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw Boladh cnis Alchemilla mollis Lady's-mantle -- Calystegia silvatica Large Bindweed Ialus mór Cardamine amara Large Bitter-cress Seilín cuaiche

Oenothera glazioviana Large-flowered Evening-primrose Coinneal oíche mhór

Tilia platyphyllos Large-leaved Lime -- Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Lawson's Cypress -- Limonium humile Lax-flowered Sea-lavender Lus liath na mara Juncus foliosus Leafy Rush Buafluachair dhuilleach Sparganium natans Least bur-reed Rísheisc mhion Oreopteris limbosperma Lemon-scented Fern Raithneach bhuí Doronicum pardalianches Leopard's-bane -- Utricularia minor Lesser Bladderwort Lus borraigh beag Typha angustifolia Lesser Bulrush Coigeal chaol Arctium minus Lesser Burdock Cnádán Platanthera bifolia Lesser Butterfly-orchid Magairlín beag an fhéileacáin Ranunculus ficaria Lesser celandine Grán arcáin Ranunculus ficaria subsp. ficaria Lesser Celandine Grán arcáin Selaginella selaginoides Lesser Clubmoss Garbhógach bheag Leontodon saxatilis Lesser Hawkbit Crág phortáin bheag Persicaria campanulata Lesser Knotweed Glúineach an chlúimh Apium inundatum Lesser Marshwort Smaileog bháite Thalictrum minus Lesser Meadow-rue Rú léana beag Vinca minor Lesser Periwinkle -- Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedge Cíb locháin Potamogeton pusillus Lesser Pondweed Líobhógach mhion Spergularia marina Lesser Sea-spurrey Cabróis mhara bheag Ranunculus flammula Lesser Spearwort Glasair léane bheag Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort Tursarraing bheag Coronopus didymus Lesser Swine-cress Cladhthach mhín Trifolium dubium Lesser Trefoil Seamair bhuí Carex diandra Lesser Tussock-sedge Cíb thortógach bheag Listera cordata Lesser Twayblade Dédhuilleog bheag Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnip Ráib uisce Baldellia ranunculoides Lesser Water-plantain Corrchopóg bheag Cupressus macrocarpa × Xanthocyparis nootkatensis = × Cuprocyparis leylandi Leyland Cypress Tilia platyphyllos × cordata = T. × europaea Lime -- Galium sterneri Limestone Bedstraw Rú beag


40

Cerastium semidecandrum Little Mouse-ear Cluas luchóige bheag Pinus contorta Lodgepole Pine -- Populus nigra (fastigiate cultivars) Lombardy-poplar -- Saxifraga umbrosa × spathularis = S. × urbium London pride Mórán cathrach Carex extensa Long-bracted Sedge Cíb fhada Papaver dubium subsp. dubium Long-headed Poppy Cailleach fhada Papaver dubium subsp. dubium Long-headed Poppy Cailleach fhada Potamogeton lucens × gramineus = P. × angustifolius Long-leaved Pondweed -- Salicornia dolichostachya Long-spiked Glasswort -- Potamogeton praelongus Long-stalked Pondweed Líobhógach fhada Carex viridula subsp. brachyrrhyncha Long-stalked Yellow-sedge Cíb bhuí chosach Arum maculatum Lords-and-Ladies Cluas chaoin Pedicularis sylvatica Lousewort Lus an ghiolla Pedicularis sylvatica subsp. sylvatica Lousewort Lus an ghiolla Leymus arenarius Lyme-grass Táithean Equisetum hyemale × variegatum = E. × trachyodon Mackay's Horsetail Scuab eich Mhic Aoidh Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort Lus na seilge Asplenium trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens Maidenhair Spleenwort Lus na seilge mín Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fern Raithneach mhadra Eleocharis multicaulis Many-stalked Spike-rush Spícíneach thortógach Hippuris vulgaris Mare's-tail Colgrach Ammophila arenaria Marram Muiríneach Triglochin palustre Marsh Arrowgrass Barr an mhilltigh Potentilla palustris Marsh Cinquefoil Cnó léana Gnaphalium uliginosum Marsh Cudweed Gnamhlus corraigh Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern Raithneach chorraigh Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtail Fiteog cham Crepis paludosa Marsh Hawk's-beard Lus cúráin corraigh Epipactis palustris Marsh Helleborine Cuaichín corraigh Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail Scaub eich chorrraigh Pedicularis palustris Marsh Lousewort Milseán móna Hydrocotyle vulgaris Marsh Pennywort Lus na pingine Senecio aquaticus Marsh Ragwort Buachalán corraigh Veronica scutellata Marsh Speedwell Lus cré corraigh Hypericum elodes Marsh St John's-wort Luibh na chiorraithe Stellaria palustris Marsh Stitchwort Tursarraing chorraigh Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistle Feochadán corraigh Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort Cabhsadán Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cress Biolar buí corraigh Galium palustre Marsh-bedstraw Rú corraigh Galium palustre Marsh-bedstraw Rú corraigh Althaea officinalis Marsh-mallow Leamhach Caltha palustris Marsh-marigold Lus buí Bealtaine Peucedanum ostruthium Masterwort Nuinseannach Nardus stricta Mat-grass Beiteán Hordeum secalinum Meadow Barley Eorna mhóinéir Bromus commutatus Meadow Brome Brómas móinéir Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Fearbán feír Geranium pratense Meadow Crane's-bill Crobh gorm Festuca pratensis Meadow Fescue Feisciu móinéir Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail Fiteog léana Cirsium dissectum Meadow Thistle Feochadán móna Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling Peasairín buí Limnanthes douglasii Meadow-foam --


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Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet Airgead luachra

Barbarea intermedia Medium-flowered Winter-cress Treabhach meánach

Cirsium heterophyllum Melancholy Thistle Cluasán fia Soleirolia soleirolii Mind-your-own-business Lus na ndeor Mimulus guttatus Monkeyflower Buí an bhogaigh Crocosmia pottsii × aurea = C. × crocosmiiflora Montbretia Feileastram dearg Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress -- Botrychium lunaria Moonwort Lus na míosa Arenaria balearica Mossy Sandwort Gaineamhlus caonaigh Saxifraga hypnoides Mossy Saxifrage Mórán caonaigh Antennaria dioica Mountain Everlasting Catluibh Dryopteris oreades Mountain Male-fern Raithneach shléibhe Oxyria digyna Mountain Sorrel Samhadh sléibhe Pilosella officinarum Mouse-ear-hawkweed Searbh na muc Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort Mongach meisce Mimulus moschatus Musk Musc Erodium moschatum Musk Stork's-bill Creagach muscach Carduus nutans Musk Thistle Feochadán crom Malva moschata Musk-mallow Hocas muscach Dryopteris carthusiana Narrow Buckler-fern Raithneach chaol Rorippa microphylla Narrow-fruited water-cress Biolar mion Zostera angustifolia Narrow-leaved Eelgrass Vicia sativa subsp. nigra Narrow-leaved Vetch Peasair chaol

Alisma lanceolatum Narrow-leaved Water-plantain Corrchopóg chaol

Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium -- Umbilicus rupestris Navelwort Cornán caisil Eleocharis acicularis Needle Spike-rush Spícíneach ghéar Epilobium brunnescens New Zealand Willowherb Saileachán sraoilleach Lapsana communis Nipplewort Duilleog Bhríde Abies procera Noble Fir -- Bidens cernua Nodding Bur-marigold Scothóg Mhuire Galium boreale Northern Bedstraw Rú crua Lamium confertum Northern Dead-nettle Caochneantóg mheánach Trichophorum germanicum Northern Deergrass -- Dactylorhiza purpurella Northern marsh-orchid Magairlín corcra Acer platanoides Norway Maple Mailp Lochlannach Picea abies Norway Spruce -- Quercus petraea × robur = Q. × rosacea Oak Dair Avena sativa Oat -- Drosera intermedia Oblong-leaved Sundew Caillís Mhuire Papaver somniferum Opium Poppy Codlaidín

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage Glóiris

Salix viminalis Osier Saileánach Carex leporina Oval Sedge Cíb mhaol Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy Noínín mór Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwort Buachalán Pheadair Utricularia ochroleuca Pale Bladderwort Lus borraigh gaelach Pinguicula lusitanica Pale Butterwort Leith uisce beag Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Persicaria Glúineach bhán Carex pallescens Pale Sedge Cíb gheal Epilobium roseum Pale Willowherb Sealeachán gasach Oenanthe lachenalii Parsley Water-dropwort Dathabha peirsile Aphanes arvensis Parsley-piert Mionán Muire Aphanes arvensis agg. Parsley-piert Mionán Muire


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Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly Everlasting -- Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak Dair ghallda Callitriche brutia Pedunculate Water-starwort Réiltín na ngasán Parietaria judaica Pellitory-of-the-wall Feabhraíd Carex pendula Pendulous Sedge Cíb chrom Mentha aquatica × spicata = M. × piperita Peppermint Lus an phiobair Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass Seagalach buan Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistle Bleachtán léana Potamogeton perfoliatus Perfoliate Pondweed Dréimire uisce Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort Lus na Maighdine Muire Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge Gearr nimhe Conopodium majus Pignut Cúlarán Carex pilulifera Pill Sedge Cíb na bpaidríní Pilularia globulifera Pillwort Lus an phiollaire Matricaria discoidea Pineappleweed Lun na hiothlann Veronica catenata Pink Water-Speedwell Biolar grá dearg Eriocaulon aquaticum Pipewort Píbín uisce Acaena novae-zelandiae Pirri-pirri-bur Lus na holla Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grass Milseán géagach Polypodium vulgare Polypody Scim chaol Polypodium vulgare sens. lat. Polypody Scim chaol Euphorbia portlandica Portland Spurge Spuirse ghainimh Calendula officinalis Pot Marigold -- Solanum tuberosum Potato -- Gaultheria mucronata Prickly Heath Fraoch deilgneach Salsola kali Prickly Saltwort Lus an tsalainn Salsola kali subsp. kali Prickly Saltwort Lus an tsalainn Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Bleachtán colgach Primula vulgaris Primrose Sabhaircín Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort Mongán sinte Oxalis corniculata Procumbent Yellow-sorrel Seamsóg bhuí Molinia caerulea Purple Moor-grass Fionnán Fumaria purpurea Purple Ramping-fumitory Camán searraigh corcra Linaria purpurea Purple Toadflax Buaflíon corcra Salix purpurea Purple Willow Saileach chorcra Lythrum salicaria Purple-loosestrife Créachtach Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Magairlín na stuaice Lilium pyrenaicum Pyrenean Lily -- Briza media Quaking-grass Féar gortach Isoetes lacustris Quillwort Lus an chleite Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged-Robin Lus síoda Allium ursinum Ramsons Creamh Brassica napus Rape Ráib Rubus idaeus Raspberry Sú craobh Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescue Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. raii Ray's Knotgrass Glúineach ghlé Odontites vernus Red Bartsia Hocas tae Odontites vernus subsp. serotinus Red Bartsia Hocas tae Persicaria amplexicaulis Red Bistort Stóinse dearg Silene dioica Red Campion Coireán coilleach Trifolium pratense Red Clover Seamair dhearg Ribes rubrum Red Currant Cuirín dearg Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettle Caochneantóg dhearg Festuca rubra sens. lat. Red Fescue Feisciú rua Festuca rubra subsp. juncea Red Fescue -- Festuca rubra subsp. litoralis Red Fescue -- Chenopodium rubrum Red Goosefoot Blonagán dearg Quercus rubra Red Oak --


43

Potamogeton alpinus Red Pondweed Líobhógach dhreag Centranthus ruber Red Valerian Slán iomaire Cornus sericea Red-osier Dogwood Conbhaiscne shailí Persicaria maculosa Redshank Glúineach dhearg Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grass Cuiscreach Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grass Milseán mór Puccinellia distans Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass Féar muirisce crom Sedum rupestre Reflexed Stonecrop Grafán crom Carex remota Remote Sedge Cíb scartha Rhododendron ponticum Rhododendron Róslabhras Rheum palmatum × rhaponticum = R. × hybridum Rhubarb -- Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Slánlus Crithmum maritimum Rock Samphire Craobhraic Limonium binervosum agg. Rock Sea-lavender Lus liath aille Limonium recurvum subsp. humile Rock Sea-lavender Lus liath Albanach Spergularia rupicola Rock Sea-spurrey Cabróis na gcloch Sedum forsterianum Rock Stonecrop Grafán creige Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb Lus na tine Hypericum calycinum Rose-of-Sharon Lus buí Mhanannáin Leontodon hispidus Rough Hawkbit Crág phortáin gharbh Equisetum hyemale Rough Horsetail Bioróg Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass Cuise garbh Mentha suaveolens Round-leaved Mint Mismín cumhra Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved Sundew Drúchtín móna Pyrola rotundifolia Round-leaved Wintergreen Glasluibh chruinn Pyrola rotundifolia subsp. maritima Round-leaved Wintergreen Glasluibh chruinn Sorbus aucuparia Rowan Caorthann Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Raithneach ríúil Saxifraga tridactylites Rue-leaved Saxifrage Mórán balla Symphytum officinale × asperum = S. × uplandicum Russian Comfrey Compar Rúiseach Salix cinerea subsp. oleifolia Rusty Willow Saileacha rua Ceterach officinarum Rustyback Raithneach rua Secale cereale Rye -- Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Lus na uille Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Lus na uille Rubus spectabilis Salmonberry Dris álainn Blysmus rufus Saltmarsh Flat-sedge Searg rua Juncus gerardii Saltmarsh Rush Luachair mhuirisce Phleum arenarium Sand Cat's-tail Tiomóid duimhche Elytrigia juncea subsp. boreoatlantica Sand Couch Broimfhéar gainimh Allium scorodoprasum Sand Leek Creamh na gcreag Carex arenaria Sand Sedge Cíb ghainimh Spergularia rubra Sand Spurrey Cabróis duimhche Sanicula europaea Sanicle Bodán coille Dryopteris affinis Scaly Male-fern Raithneach ghainneach Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis Scaly Male-fern Raithneach ghainneach Dryopteris affinis subsp. borreri Scaly Male-fern Raithneach ghainneach Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Falcaire fiáin Anagallis arvensis subsp. arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Falcaire fiáin Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed Meá drua Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine Péine Albanach Cochlearia officinalis subsp. scotica Scottish Scurvygrass Carrán beag Triglochin maritimum Sea Arrowgrass Barr an mhilltigh mara Aster tripolium Sea Aster Luibh bhléine Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima Sea Beet Laíon na trá Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima Sea Beet Laíon na trá


44

Calystegia soldanella Sea Bindweed Plúr an phrionsa Silene uniflora Sea Campion Coireán na gcuach Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rush Bogshifín mara Elytrigia atherica Sea Couch Broimfhéar mara Catapodium marinum Sea Fern-grass Féar trá Tripleurospermum maritimum Sea Mayweed Lus Bealtaine Cerastium diffusum Sea Mouse-ear Cluas luchóige mhara Sagina maritima Sea Pearlwort Mongán mara Plantago maritima Sea Plantain Slánlus mara Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. maritimus Sea Radish Meacan mara Cakile maritima Sea Rocket Cearrbhacán mara Juncus maritimus Sea Rush Meathán mara Honckenya peploides Sea Sandwort Gaineamhlus mara Asplenium marinum Sea Spleenwort Fionncha mara Euphorbia paralias Sea Spurge Bainne léana Hippophae rhamnoides Sea-buckthorn Draighean mara Eryngium maritimum Sea-holly Cuileann trá Crambe maritima Sea-kale Praiseach thrá Glaux maritima Sea-milkwort Lus an tsaillte Prunella vulgaris Selfheal Duán ceannchosach Quercus petraea Sessile Oak Dair ghaelach Gaultheria shallon Shallon Caor na n-éan Juncus acutiflorus Sharp-flowered Rush Fiastalach Mentha spicata × longifolia = M. × villosonervata Sharp-toothed Mint -- Leucanthemum lacustre × maximum = L. × superbum Shasta Daisy -- Rumex acetosella Sheep's Sorrel Samhadh caorach Rumex acetosella subsp. acetosella Sheep's Sorrel Samhadh caorach caol Jasione montana Sheep's-bit Duán na gcaorach Festuca ovina Sheep's-fescue Feisciú caorach Festuca ovina Sheep's-fescue Feisciú caorach Festuca ovina agg. Sheep's-fescue Feisciú caorach Teesdalia nudicaulis Shepherd's Cress Lus an bhuachalla Scandix pecten-veneris Shepherd's-needle Gob an ghoirt Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse Lus an sparáin Rosa sherardii Sherard's Downy-rose Rós shioraird Geranium lucidum Shining Crane's-bill Crobh geal Potamogeton lucens Shining Pondweed Líobhógach lonrach Equisetum fluviatile × arvense = E. × litorale Shore horsetail Scuab eich chladaigh Littorella uniflora Shoreweed Lus an chladaigh Epilobium obscurum Short-fruited Willowherb Sealeachán caol Salix viminalis × cinerea = S. × smithiana Silky-leaved Osier -- Betula pendula Silver Birch Beith gheal Aira caryophyllea Silver Hair-grass Mionfhéar geal Potentilla anserina Silverweed Briosclán Picea sitchensis Sitka Spruce --

Hordeum vulgare Six-rowed Barley, Four-rowed Barley --

Elatine hexandra Six-stamened Waterwort Bosán na díge Scutellaria galericulata Skullcap Cochall Isolepis cernua Slender Club-rush Crualuachair chaol Aphanes australis Slender Parsley-piert Mionán Muire caol Juncus tenuis Slender Rush Luachair chaol Arenaria serpyllifolia subsp. leptoclados Slender Sandwort Gaineamhlus tíme Carex lasiocarpa Slender Sedge Cíb chaol


45

Bromus lepidus Slender Soft-brome Brómas caol Veronica filiformis Slender Speedwell Lus cré réileán Eleocharis uniglumis Slender Spike-rush Spícíneach chaol Hypericum pulchrum Slender St John's-wort Beathnua baineann Carduus tenuiflorus Slender Thistle Feochadán caol Carduus tenuiflorus Slender Thistle Feochadán caol Carex acuta Slender Tufted-sedge Cíb dhosach chaol Potamogeton filiformis Slender-leaved Pondweed Líobhógach chaol Filago minima Small Cudweed Cáithluibh bheag Urtica urens Small Nettle Neantóg bheag Potamogeton berchtoldii Small Pondweed Líobhógach bheag Glyceria declinata Small Sweet-grass Milseán beag Chaenorhinum minus Small Toadflax Buaflíon beag Persicaria minor Small Water-pepper Biorphiobar beag Silene gallica Small-flowered Catchfly Coireán Francach Carex viridula subsp. viridula Small-fruited Yellow-sedge Cíb bhuí bheag Cotoneaster microphyllus agg. Small-leaved Cotoneaster Cainchín mion Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime Teile Hypochaeris glabra Smooth Cat's-ear Cluas chait mhín Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk's-beard Lus cúráin mín Alchemilla glabra Smooth Lady's-mantle Dearna Mhuire mhín Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grass Cuise mín Poa pratensis sens. lat. Smooth Meadow-grass Cuise mín Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Bleachtán mín Carex laevigata Smooth-stalked Sedge Cíb mhín Achillea ptarmica Sneezewort Lus corráin Symphoricarpos albus Snowberry Póirín sneachta Galanthus nivalis Snowdrop -- Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-summer -- Saponaria officinalis Soapwort Garbhán creagach Rosa mollis Soft Downy-rose Rós bog Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fern Ibheag bhog Juncus effusus Soft-rush Geataire Polypodium cambricum Southern Polypody Scim leathan Hyacinthoides hispanica Spanish Bluebell -- Mentha spicata Spear Mint Cartlainn gharraí Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Feochadán colgach Atriplex prostrata Spear-leaved Orache Eilifleog leathan Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked Water-milfoil Líonánach Euonymus europaeus Spindle Feoras Ruppia cirrhosa Spiral Tasselweed Scothóga uisce Poa humilis Spreading Meadow-grass Cuise reatha Minuartia verna Spring Sandwort Gaineamhlus earraigh Vicia lathyroides Spring Vetch Peasair earraigh Claytonia perfoliata Springbeauty Plúirín earraigh Carex caryophyllea Spring-sedge Cíb earraigh

Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stalked St John's-wort Beathnua fireann

Epilobium tetragonum Square-stalked Willowherb -- Vulpia bromoides Squirreltail Fescue Carex echinata Star Sedge Cíb na réaltaí Senecio viscosus Sticky Groundsel Grúnlas greamaitheach Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear Cluas luchóige ghreamaitheach Iris foetidissima Stinking Iris Glóiriam Trifolium fragiferum Strawberry Clover Seamair mhogallach Ranunculus penicillatus Stream Water-crowfoot Néal uisce bréige Ranunculus penicillatus subsp. penicillatus Stream Water-crowfoot Néal uisce bréige Leucojum aestivum Summer Snowflake Plúirín samhraidh


46

Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge Lus na bhfaitní Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut Castán Myrrhis odorata Sweet Cicely Lus áinleoige Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass Féar cumhra Viola odorata Sweet Violet Rosa rubiginosa Sweet-briar Dris chumhra Acorus calamus Sweet-flag Feileastram cumhra Coronopus squamatus Swine-cress Cladhthach Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore Seiceamóir Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Feisciú ard Fumaria bastardii Tall Ramping-fumitory Camán searraigh ard Tanacetum vulgare Tansy Franclus Persicaria mitis Tasteless Water-pepper Biorphiobar leamh Carex hostiana Tawny Sedge Cíb odhar Salix phylicifolia Tea-leaved Willow Saileacha ghaelach Arabidopsis thaliana Thale Cress Tailís Carex strigosa Thin-spiked Wood-sedge Cíb choille chaol

Ranunculus trichophyllus Thread-leaved Water-crowfoot Néal uisce ribeach

Allium triquetrum Three-cornered Garlic Glaschreamh Moehringia trinervia Three-nerved Sandwort Gaineamhlus féitheach Armeria maritima Thrift Rabhán Berberis thunbergii Thunberg's Barberry -- Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort Gaineamhlus tíme Arenaria serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Sandwort Gaineamhlus tíme Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell Lus an treacha Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved Speedwell Lus an treacha Phleum pratense Timothy Tiomóid Phleum pratense sens. lat. Timothy Tiomóid Juncus bufonius Toad Rush Buafluachair Juncus bufonius sens. lat. Toad Rush Buafluachair Lathraea squamaria Toothwort Slánú fiacal Potentilla erecta Tormentil Néalfartach Potentilla erecta subsp. strictissima Tormentil Néalfartach Hypericum humifusum Trailing St John's-wort Beathnua sraoilleach Potentilla anglica Trailing Tormentil Néalfartach shraoilleach Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joy Gabhrán Lavatera arborea Tree-mallow Hocas ard Bidens tripartita Trifid Bur-marigold Scothóg leathan Lathyrus tuberosus Tuberous Pea -- Myosotis laxa Tufted forget-me-not Ceotharnach beag Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass Móinfhéar garbh Deschampsia cespitosa Tufted Hair-grass Móinfhéar garbh Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch Peasair na luch Carex elata Tufted-sedge Cíb dhosach Hymenophyllum tunbrigense Tunbridge Filmy-fern Dallán coille Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Searbhdhair Brassica rapa Turnip Tornapa fiáin Hypericum androsaemum Tutsan Meas torc allta Hordeum distichon sens. lat. Two-rowed Barley -- Sparganium emersum Unbranched Bur-reed Rísheisc lom Torilis japonica Upright Hedge-parsley Fionnas fáil Oxalis stricta Upright Yellow-sorrel -- Equisetum variegatum Variegated Horsetail Scuab eich bhreac Potamogeton gramineus Various-leaved Pondweed Líobhógach fhéarúil

Callitriche platycarpa Various-leaved Water-starwort Réiltín leathan

Agrostis canina Velvet Bent Feorainn shlim


47

Verbena officinalis Vervain Beirbhéine Echium vulgare Viper's-bugloss Lus nathrach Festuca vivipara Viviparous Sheep's-fescue Feisciú beobhreitheach Cotoneaster horizontalis Wall Cotoneaster Cainchín balla Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell Lus cré balla Draba muralis Wall Whitlowgrass Araflasach balla Erysimum cheiri Wall-flower Lus an bhalla Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-rue Luibh na seacht ngábh Juglans regia Walnut -- Geum rivale Water Avens Machall uisce Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort Donnlus uisce Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not Ceotharnach uisce Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetail Scuab eich uisce Lobelia dortmanna Water Lobelia Plúr an locháin Mentha aquatica Water Mint Mismín mionsach Carex aquatilis Water Sedge Cíb uisce Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Water-cress Biolar Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum agg. Water-cress Biolar Persicaria hydropiper Water-pepper Biorphiobar Alisma plantago-aquatica Water-plantain Corrchopóg Lythrum portula Water-purslane Puirpín uisce Callitriche stagnalis sens. lat. Water-starwort Réiltín Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress Searbh-bhiolar casta Deschampsia flexuosa Wavy Hair-grass Móinfhéar Reseda luteola Weld Buí mór Meconopsis cambrica Welsh Poppy Poipín Breatnach Carduus crispus subsp. multiflorus Welted Thistle Feochadán reangach Populus trichocarpa Western Balsam-poplar -- Ulex gallii Western Gorse Aiteann gaelach Tsuga heterophylla Western Hemlock -- Dactylorhiza kerryensis Western Marsh-orchid Magairlín gaelach Fumaria officinalis subsp. officinalis Western Ramping-fumitory -- Rhynchospora alba White Beak-sedge Gobsheisc Petasites albus White Butterbur Gallán bán Silene latifolia White Campion Coireán bán Trifolium repens White Clover Seamair bhán Lamium album White Dead-nettle Teanga mhín Cornus alba White Dogwood -- Populus alba White Poplar Poibleog gheal Fumaria capreolata subsp. babingtonii White Ramping-fumitory Camán searraigh bán Fumaria capreolata subsp. babingtonii White Ramping-fumitory Camán searraigh bán Carex canescens White Sedge Cíb bhán Sedum album White Stonecrop Grafán ban na gcloch Nymphaea alba White Water-lily Bacán bán Salix alba White Willow Saileach bhán Sorbus aria agg. Whitebeams -- Mentha arvensis × aquatica = M. × verticillata Whorled Mint Mismín fáinneach Myriophyllum verticillatum Whorled Water-milfoil Líonán fáinneach Catabrosa aquatica Whorl-grass Casfhéar uisce Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica Gallfheabhrán Malus sylvestris sens. lat. Wild Apple Crann fia-úll Asparagus officinalis subsp. prostratus Wild Asparagus Lus súgach Brassica oleracea Wild Cabbage Cabáiste fiáin Daucus carota Wild Carrot Mealbhacán


48

Daucus carota subsp. carota Wild Carrot Mealbhacán Apium graveolens Wild Celery Smaileog Prunus avium Wild Cherry Crann silíní fiáin Thymus polytrichus Wild Garden Tím chreige Origanum vulgare Wild Marjoram Máirtín fiáin Allium vineale Wild Onion Gairleog Mhuire Viola tricolor Wild Pansy Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip Cuirdín bán Prunus domestica Wild Plum Baláiste Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet Pribhéad Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. raphanistrum Wild Radish Meacan raidigh Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. raphanistrum Wild Radish Meacan raidigh Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Sú talún fiáin Avena fatua Wild-oat Coirce fiáin Hymenophyllum wilsonii Wilson's Filmy-fern Dallán na sléibhe Lonicera nitida Wilson's Honeysuckle -- Petasites fragrans Winter Heliotrope Plúr na gréine Barbarea vulgaris Winter-cress Treabhach Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemone Lus na gaoithe Geum urbanum Wood Avens Machall coille Arctium nemorosum Wood Burdock Cnádan fáil Scirpus sylvaticus Wood Club-rush Bogshifín coille Geranium sylvaticum Wood Crane's-bill Crobh coille Rumex sanguineus Wood dock Copóg choille Festuca altissima Wood Fescue Feiscú coille Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-not -- Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetail Scuab eich choille Poa nemoralis Wood Meadow-grass Cuise coille Melica uniflora Wood Melick Meilic Milium effusum Wood Millet Muiléad coille Teucrium scorodonia Wood Sage Iúr sléibhe Veronica montana Wood Speedwell Lus cré coille Euphorbia amygdaloides Wood Spurge Lus Oilealla Euphorbia amygdaloides subsp. robbiae Wood Spurge -- Vicia sylvatica Wood Vetch Peasair choille Galium odoratum Woodruff Lus moileas Carex sylvatica Wood-sedge Cíb choille Oxalis acetosella Wood-sorrel Seamsóg Artemisia absinthium Wormwood Mormónta Ulmus glabra Wych Elm Leamhán sléibhe Achillea millefolium Yarrow Athair thalún Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yellow Archangel Neantóg Mhuire Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. argentatum Yellow Archangel Neantóg Mhuire Lamiastrum galeobdolon subsp. montanum Yellow Archangel Neantóg Mhuire Rhododendron luteum Yellow Azalea -- Monotropa hypopitys Yellow Bird's-nest Buíán sailí Salicornia fragilis Yellow Glasswort -- Iris pseudacorus Yellow Iris Feileastram Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrife Breallán léana Trisetum flavescens Yellow Oat-grass Coirce buí Lysimachia nemorum Yellow Pimpernel Lus Cholm Cille Nuphar lutea Yellow Water-lily Cabhan abhann Rhinanthus minor Yellow-rattle Gliográn Rhinanthus minor subsp. minor Yellow-rattle Gliográn


49

Rhinanthus minor subsp. monticola Yellow-rattle Gliográn Rhinanthus minor subsp. stenophyllus Yellow-rattle Gliográn Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog Féar an chinn bháin Trifolium medium Zigzag Clover Seamair sceabhach Brassica rapa subsp. rapa Viola tricolor subsp. curtisii Apium nodiflorum × inundatum = A. × moorei Carex hostiana × viridula = C. × fulva Carex paniculata × remota = C. × boenninghausiana Circaea lutetiana × alpina = C. × intermedia Cirsium dissectum × palustre = C. × forsteri Cochlearia anglica × officinalis = C. × hollandica Cochlearia danica × officinalis Crataegus monogyna × laevigata = C. × media Dactylorhiza fuchsii × purpurella = D. × venusta Dactylorhiza maculata × purpurella = D. × formosa Drosera anglica × rotundifolia = D. × obovata Dryopteris carthusiana × dilatata = D. × deweveri Dryopteris filix-mas × affinis = D. × complexa Epilobium montanum × ciliatum = E. × interjectum Epilobium obscurum × ciliatum = E. × vicinum Epilobium parviflorum × palustre = E. × rivulare Equisetum arvense × palustre = E. × rothmaleri Erica mackayana × tetralix = E. × stuartii Fumaria muralis subsp. boraei Hebe elliptica × speciosa = H. × franciscana Juncus articulatus × acutiflorus = J. × surrejanus Lolium perenne × multiflorum = L. × boucheanum Plantago major subsp. intermedia Polypodium vulgare × cambricum = P. × font-queri Polypodium vulgare × interjectum = P. × mantoniae Potamogeton natans × gramineus = P. × sparganiifolius Potentilla erecta × anglica = P. × suberecta Rosa canina × sherardii = R. × rothschildii Rosa spinosissima × sherardii = R. × involuta Rumex crispus × obtusifolius = R. × pratensis Salix aurita × repens = S. × ambigua Salix caprea × aurita = S. × capreola Salix caprea × cinerea = S. × reichardtii Salix cinerea × aurita = S. × multinervis Salix purpurea × viminalis = S. × rubra Salix purpurea × viminalis × cinerea = S. × forbyana Salix triandra × viminalis = S. × mollissima Salix viminalis × aurita = S. × fruticosa Senecio jacobaea × aquaticus = S. × ostenfeldii


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ANIMALS (KINGDOM ANIMALIA)

FLATWORMS (PHYLUM PLATYHELMENTHES) 4 Taxa Although harmless native species are present, this group of primitive animals is best known for Liver Fluke Fasciola hepatica, a parasite of Sheep, and more recently, the invasive New Zealand Flatworm Artioposthia

triangulate which is a predator of Earthworms.

Argonemertes dendyi

Artioposthia triangulata

Fasciola hepatica

Geoplana sanguinea

Microplana terrestris

EARTHWORMS (PHYLUM ANNELIDA) 5 Taxa The best-known member of the Annelida is the Earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris, but there are many different species of earthworm, although no published records of these for Donegal have yet come to light. Annelida also include Leeches and Ragworms.

Erpobdellidae sp.

Glossiphonidae sp.

Haemopis sanguisuga

Oligochaeta sp.

Lumbricus terrestris


51

MOLLUSCS (PHYLUM MOLLUSCA) 356 Taxa

Cepaea nemoralis Freshwater Pearl Mussel Little Cuttlefish

Margaritifera margaritifera Sepiola atlantica

The number of molluscs recorded for Donegal suggests that a reasonably thorough surveying has taken place. InvertebateIreland Online lists all non-marine species. http://www.habitas.org.uk/invertebrateireland/speciesstats.asp?Checklist=2 Marine molluscs are by far the most numerous, and most varied. The list here comprises only those species found in Mulroy Bay. However, Mulroy Bay has long been recognised as one of the prime sites in Ireland for marine fauna. Nunn (1996) claims that it holds 68% of the entire molluscan fauna of the north coast of Ireland, so it may be that this list goes some way to listing the true marine molluscan fauna of the county. She also estimates the total Irish Fauna at 500 species, of which the Mulroy total would be about 40%. Mulroy is the only site in Ireland for two species, Ondina divisa and Turbonilla rufescens.

There are so many sub-groups, and three major environments, that it is more practical to lump the taxonomic groups together in each of the three environments, with the English names giving some idea of the range of forms.

Species in bold are candidates for Priority status. Margaritifera and the two Vertigo species are protected by being listed on Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive.

References:

Kerney, Michael. (1999). Atlas of the land and freshwater molluscs of Britain and Ireland. Harley Books. Kerney, M.P., R.A.D. Cameron and G. Riley (1979). Land Snails of Britain and North-west Europe. Collins. Nunn J.D. (1996). The marine Mollusca of Ireland 2. Mulroy Bay, Co. Donegal. Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No.

19.

TERRESTRIAL 82 Taxa

Acanthinula aculeata

Acicula fusca

Aegopinella nitidula

Aegopinella pura

Arianta arbustorum

Arion ater

Arion circumscriptus

Arion distinctus

Arion flagellus

Arion hortensis

Arion intermedius

Arion owenii

Arion silvaticus

Arion subfuscus

Ashfordia granulata

Balea perversa

Candidula intersecta

Carychium minimum

Carychium tridentatum

Cepaea hortensis

Cepaea nemoralis

Cernuella virgata

Clausilia bidentata

Cochlicella acuta

Cochlicopa lubrica

Cochlicopa lubricella

Columella aspera

Columella edentula

Cornu aspersum

Deroceras caruanae

Deroceras laeve

Deroceras panormitanum

Deroceras reticulatum

Discus rotundatus

Euconulus alderi

Euconulus fulvus

Helicella itala

Helix aspersa

Lauria cylindracea


52

Lehmannia marginata

Leiostyla anglica

Leiostyla anglica

Limacus flavus

Limacus maculatus

Limax cinereoniger

Limax cinereoniger

Limax marginatus

Limax maximus

Limax maximus

Limax pseudoflavus

Milax budapestensis

Milax gagates

Milax sowerbyi

Nesovitrea hammonis

Oxychilus alliarius

Oxychilus cellarius

Oxychilus draparnaudi

Oxyloma elegans

Oxyloma pfeifferi

Punctum pygmaeum

Punctum pygmaeum

Pupilla muscorum

Pyramidula pusilla

Pyramidula rupestris

Spermodea lamellata

Succinea putris

Succinella oblonga

Tandonia budapestensis

Tandonia sowerbyi

Trichia hispida

Trichia striolata

Vallonia costata

Vallonia excentrica

Vallonia pulchella

Vertigo angustior

Vertigo antivertigo

Vertigo geyeri

Vertigo pygmaea

Vertigo substriata

Zenobiella subrufescens

Zonitoides excavatus

Zonitoides nitidus

FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS 42 Taxa

Ancylus fluviatilis

Anisus leucostoma

Anodonta cygnea

Aplexa hypnorum

Armiger crista

Bathyomphalus contortus

Bithynia tentaculata

Gyraulus albus

Gyraulus laevis

Hydrobia ulvae

Leucophytia bidentata

Lymnaea auricularia

Lymnaea auricularia

Lymnaea palustris

Lymnaea palustris

Lymnaea peregra

Lymnaea peregra

Lymnaea stagnalis

Lymnaea stagnalis

Lymnaea truncatula

Lymnaea truncatula

Margaritifera margaritifera

Myxas glutinosa

Otina ovata

Ovatella myosotis

Physa fontinalis

Physa gyrina

Pisidium casertanum

Pisidium conventus

Pisidium hibernicum

Pisidium lilljeborgii

Pisidium milium

Pisidium nitidum

Pisidium obtusale

Pisidium personatum

Pisidium pulchellum

Pisidium subtruncatum

Planorbis carinatus

Potamopyrgus jenkinsi

Sphaerium corneum

Valvata cristata

Valvata piscinalis

MARINE MOLLUSCS 232 Taxa

Abra alba

Abra nitida

Abra prismatica

Acanthochitona crinitus

Acanthodoris pilosa

Aegires punctilucens

Aeolidia alderi

Aeolidia glauca

Aeolidia papillosa

Akera bullata

Alvania beanii

Alvania cancellata

Alvania punctura

Alvania semistriata

Ammonicerina rota

Angulus squalidus

Angulus tenuis Thin Tellins

Anomia ephippium

Antalis entalis

Aplysia punctata

Arca tetragona

Archidoris pseudoargus

Artica islandica

Atina ovata Auriculinnellla bidentata

Barchystomia scalaris

Barleeia uifasciata

Berthalla plumala

Bittium reticulatum Needle Whelk

Brachystomia angusta


53

Brachystomia carrozzai

Brachystomia eulimoides

Buccinum undatam Common Whelk

Cadlina laevis

Caecum glabrum

Calliostom zizyphinum Painted top Shell

Callochiton septemvalis

Camelea gallina Striped Venus

Catriona genovae

Catriona gymnota

Cerastoderma edule Common Cockle

Cerastoderma glacum Lagoon Cockle

Cerithiopsis tubercularis

Chlamys distorta Humpback Scallop

Chrysallida indistincta

Chrysallida interstincta

Cima minima

Cingula cingillis

Clausinella fasciata Banded Venus

Corbula gibba Basket Shell

Coryphella browni

Coryphella gracilis

Coryphella lineata

Crassostrea gigas Portugese Oyster

Cuthona nana

Diaphana minuta

Diaphorodoris luteocincta

Dikoleps pusilla

Diodora graeca Common Keyhole Limpet

Donax vittatus Banded Wedge Shell

Dosinia exoleta Rayed Artemis

Dosinia lupinus Smooth Artemis

Doti coronata

Doti fragilis

Doti koenneckeri

Eatonina fulgida

Elysia viridis

Emarginula fissura Split Limpet

Ensis arcuatus

Ensis ensis Common Razor Shell

Epilepton clarkiae Coin Shell

Epitonium clathratulum

Epitonium turtonis

Eubranchus doriae

Eubranchus exiguus

Eubranchus farrani

Eubranchus tricolour

Eubranchus vittatus

Eulima bilineata

Eulimella laevis

Eulimella scillae

Favorinus blianus

Flabellina pedata

Gari depressa Large Sunset Shell

Gari tellinella

Gastrana fragilis

Geitodoris planata

Gibbula cineraria Grey Top Shell

Gibbula magus Turban Top Shell

Gibbula tumida

Gibbula umbilicalis Flat Top Shell

Goniodoris castanea

Goniodoris nodosa

Goodallia triangularis

Haminoea navicula

Helcion pellucidum Blue-rayed Limpet

Hermaea bifida

Heteranomia squamula

Hiatella arctica Wrinkled Rock Borer

Hinia incrassata Thick-lipped Dog Whelk

Hinia reticulata Netted Dog Whelk

Hydorbia ulvae

Irus irus

Janolus cristatus

Jorunna tomentosa

Kellia suborbicularis

Lacuna pallidula Pallid Chink Shell

Lacuna parva Least Chink Shell

Lacuna vincta Banded Chink Shell

Lamellaria latens

Lamellaria perspicua

Lasaea adansoni

Lepidochitona cinereus

Leptochiton asellus

Leptochiton cancellatus

Leptochiton scabridus

Limacia clavigera

Limapontia capitata

Limapontia senestra

Limaria hians

Littorina littorea Common Periwinkle

Littorina mariae Flat Periwinkle

Littorina neglecta

Littorina obtusata Flat Periwinkle

Littorina saxatilis Rough Periwinkle

Lomanotus genei

Loripes lucinalis

Lucinoma borealis

Lutraria angustior

Lutraria lutraria Common Otter Shell

Macoma balthica Baltic Tellin

Mangelia attenuata

Mangelia brachystoma

Manzonia crassa


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Margarites helicinus Pearly Top Shell

Marshallora adversa

Melarhaphe neritoides Small Periwinkle

Modiolarca tumida Marbled Crenella

Modiolula phaseolina Bean Mussel

Modiolus modiolus Horse Mussel

Moerella donacina

Musculus discors Green Crenella

Mya arenaria Sand Gaper

Mya truncata Blunt Gaper

Mysella bidentata

Mysia undata

Mytilus edulis Common Mussel

Nucella lapillus

Nucula nitidosa

Ocenebra erinacea

Odostomia plicata

Odostomia turrita

Odostomia unidentata

Omalogyra atomus

Onchidoris bilamellata

Ondina diaphana

Onidina divisa

Onoba aculeus

Onoba semicostata

Order Nuculoida

Osilinus lineata Toothed Top Shell

Ostrea edulis Common Oyster

Palio nothus

Palliolum striatum

Palliolum tigerinum Tiger Scallop

Partulida pellucida

Parvicardium exiguum

Parvicardium ovale

Patella ulyssiponensis China Limpet

Patella vulgata Common Limpet

Pecten maximus Great Scallop

Philine aperta

Philine pruinosa

Philine punctata

Placida dendritica

Plagiocardium papillosum

Pleurobranchus membranaceus

Podedesmus patelliformis

Polinices pulchellus

Polycera faeronsis

Polycera quadrilineata

Puncturella noachina Noah's Keyhole Limpet

Pusillina inconspicua

Pusillina sarsi

Raphitoma linearis

Raphitoma purpurea

Retusa obtusa

Retusa truncatula

Retusa umbilicata

Rissoa interrupta

Rissoa lilacina

Rissoa membranacea

Rissoa parva

Rissoella diaphana

Rissoella globularis

Rissoella opalina

Rostanga rubra

Runcina coronata

Saxicavella jeffreysi

Scorbicularia plana Peppery Fullow Shell

Sepiola atlantica Little Cuttlefish

Simmia patula

Skenea serpuloides

Skeneopisi planorbis

Spisula elliptica

Spisula solida Thick Trough Shell

Spisula subtruncata

Tapes decussatus Chequered Carpet Shell

Tapes philippinarum

Tapes rhomboides

Tectura testudinalis Common Tortoiseshell Limpet

Tectura virginea White Tortoiseshell Limpet

Tellimya ferruginosa

Tergipes tergipes

Thracia convexa

Thracia phaseolina

Thracia villosiuscula

Thyasira flexuosa

Timoclea ovata Oval Venus

Tonicella rubra

Tricolia pullus Pheasant Shell

Trivia arctica Arctic Cowrie

Trivia monacha Spotted Cowrie

Turbonilla crenata

Turbonilla jeffreysi

Turbonilla lactea

Turbonilla rufescens

Turritella communis Auger Shell

Turtonia minuta

Venerupis senegalensis

Venus verrucosa Warty Venus

Vitreolina phillipi


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ARTHROPODS (PHYLUM ARTHROPODA)

CRUSTACEANS (CLASS CRUSTACEA)

HARPACTICOIDA (ORDER) 29 Taxa This is a large order of small crustaceans from the sub-class Copepoda. In Irish waters there are 278 species. Most are marine, where they are an important component of plankton. But those marked in bold in the table inhabit freshwater. The list for Donegal is obviously only a start.

References:

Holmes J.M.C. and J.P. O’Connor. (1990). A provisional list of the Harpacticoida (Crustacea: Copopoda) of Ireland, Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 13.

Alteutha interrupta Amphiascoides limicolus Amphiascopsis thalestroides Bradya typica Bryocamptus pygmaeus

Bulbamphiascus imus Canthocamptus staphylinus

Diarthrodes nobilis Echinolaophonte horrida Halectinosoma erythrops

Halectinosoma sarsi Harpacticus chelifer Harpacticus flexus Harpacticus uniremis Heterolaophonte minuta Laophontopsis lamellifera Microsetella norvegica Moraria brevipes

Moraria poppei

Moraria sphagnicola

Moraria varica

Parathalestris harpactoides Parathalestris hibernica Peltidium purpureum Rhizothrix curvata Rhynchothalestris rufocincta Thalestris longimana Tigrious brevicornis Tisbe furcata

WOODLICE or SLATERS (ORDER Isopoda) 9 Taxa

The woodlice are a sub-group of the order Isopoda, comprising a number of different families. Twenty-eight species of these scavenging crustaceans are known from Ireland. The familiar “Grey Slater” found around (and in) every home is Oniscus asellus.

References:

Doogue D. and P.T. Harding. (1982). Distribution Atlas of Woodlice in Ireland. An Foras Forbartha

Androniscus dentiger Haplophthalmus mengei Ligia oceanica Oniscus asellus

Philoscia muscorum Porcellio scaber Trichonisccus pygmaeus Trichoniscoides saeroeensis

Trichoniscus pusillus


56

SPIDERS, HARVESTMEN etc. (CLASS ARACNIDA)

MAMMAL TICKS (ORDER Acaris) 1 Taxon The only tick species recorded in Donegal (nine in Ireland) parasitises all our mammal species except the Otter. References: Kelly T.C., D.P. Sleeman, G.J. Fennessy, A. Dillon and the late G.A. Walton (2001). Ir. Nat. J. Volume 26 No.

10.

Ixodes ricinus

SPIDERS (ORDER Araneae) 126 Taxa

Donegal is poorly represented in the recording of Spiders, with only 126 out of the 378 species recorded in Ireland. Most of those recorded are widespread species – but the seven species marked in bold and italics are known in Ireland only from Donegal. In addition, Satilatlas britteni is a Nationally Notable species in the UK, being known there from fewer than 100 10km squares.

References:

Kirby P, and R. Sheppard (1991). Environmental Impact Statement for Pollan Dam, Inishowen, Co. Donegal. Unpublished Report. McCormack S., M. Noland and E. Regan. (2006). Coleoptera, Araneae and aquatic Hemiptera recorded from three mountain areas in northwestern Ireland. Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 30.

Van Helsdingen P.J. (1996). A county distribution of Irish spiders, incorporating a revised catalogue of the

spiders. Special Zoological Supplement to The Irish Naturalists’ Journal.

Agroeca proxima

Agyneta olivacea

Agyneta subtilis

Alopecosa pulverulenta

Amaurobius fenestralis

Amaurobius similis

Antistea elegans

Aphileta misera

Araeoncus crassiceps

Araeoncus humilis

Araneus diadematus

Araneus quadratus

Arctosa leopardus

Arctosa perita

Argyroneta aquatica

Bathyphantes gracilis

Bathyphantes parvulus

Bolyphantes luteolus

Centrinella brevipes

Centromerita bicolor

Centromerita concinna

Centromerus prudens

Ceratinella brevis

Ceratinella scabrosa

Clubiona brevipes

Clubiona diversa

Clubiona lutescens

Clubiona neglecta

Clubiona phragmitis

Clubiona reclusa

Clubiona trivialis

Dictyna arundinacea

Dicymbium nigrum

Dicymbium tibiale

Diplocentria bidentata

Diplostyla concolor

Dismodicus bifrons

Drassodes cupreus

Drassodes lapidosus

Drassylus pusillus

Dysdera erythrina

Enoplognatha ovata

Erigone arctica

Erigone atra

Erigone dentipalpis

Erigone longipalpis

erigone promiscua

Erigone welchi

Eyophrys frontalis

Gnathonarium dentatum

Gongylidiellum latebricola

Gongylidiellum vivum

Haplodrassus signifer

Harpactea hombergi

Hypomma bituberculatum

Hypselistes jacksoni

Hypsosinga pygmaea

Larinioides cornutus

Larinioides patagiatus

Latithorax faustus

Lepthyphantes ericaceus

Lepthyphantes mengei

Lepthyphantes minutus

Lepthyphantes obscurus

Lepthyphantes tenebricola

Lepthyphantes tenuis

Lepthyphantes zimmermanni

Leptorhoptrum robustum

Lophomma punctatum

Mecygnargus morulus

Meioneta mossica

Meioneta saxatilis


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Meta menardi

Metellina mengei

Metellina merianae

Micaria pulicaia

Micrargus herbigradus

Minyriolus pusillus

Monocephalus castaneipes

Monocephalus fuscipes

Neriene clathrata

Nuctenea umbratica

Oedothorax fuscus

Oedothorax gibbosus

Oedothorax retusus

Oonops pulcher

Oreonetides vaginatus

Oxyptila trux

Pachygnatha clercki

Pachygnatha degeeri

Pachygnatha extensa

Pardosa agricola

Pardosa amentata

Pardosa nigriceps

Pardosa palustris

Pardosa pullata

Pelecopsis nemoralis

Peoeciloneta variegata

Pirata piraticus

Pirata uliginosus

Pocadicnemis pumila

Porrhomma pygmaeum

Robertus arundineti

Robertus lividus

Satilatlas britteni

Scotina gracilipes

Segestria senoculata

Taranucnus setosus

Tegenaria domestica

Tetragnatha montana

Textrix denticulata

Theonoe minutissima

Theridion pallens

Tibellus maritimus

Tibellus oblongus

Trichopterna thorelli

Trochosa ruricola

Troshosa terricola

Walckenaeria acuminata

Walckenaeria clavicornis

Walckenaeria cuspidata

Walckenaeria kochi

Walckenaeria vigilax

Xysticus cristatus

Zygiella atrica

Zygiella x-notata

HARVESTMEN (ORDER Opiloines) 13 Taxa These are distinctive aracnids, with almost circular bodies suspended at the centre of a set of eight enormously long legs. With 13 of the 18 Irish species present in Donegal, they are mostly widely distributed. References: Cawley, M. (2002). A review of the Irish harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones). Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 26.

Nemastoma bimaculatum

Oligolophus hanseni

Oligolophus tridens

Paroligolophus agrestis

Lacinius ephippiatus

Mitopus morio

Phalangium opilio

Ophilio parientus

Megabunus diadema

Rilaena triangularis

Leiobunum rotundum

Leiobunum blackwalli

Nelima gothica

FALSE SCORPIONS (ORDER Pseudoscorpiones) 2 Taxa

Chthonius tetrachelatus Neobisium muscorum

CENTIPEDES (CLASS CHILIPODA)

Lithobius borealis

Lithobius forficatus

Lithobius melanops

Lithobius variegatus

MILLIPEDES (CLASS DIPLOPODA)

Chordeuma proximum

Cylindroiulus londinensis

Cylindroiulus punctatus

Glomeris marginata

Nanogona polydesmoides

Ophyiulus pilosus

Polydesmus inconstans

Proteroiulus fuscus

Tachypodoiulus niger


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INSECTS (CLASS INSECTA)

The insects comprise a vast group of many sub-divisions. Many are not dealt with here at all, and the separate accounts make it clear that there is still a great deal to be discovered in Donegal, even in the groups that are relatively well studied. There are over 20 orders of Insects in Ireland. Among the largest are the Bugs (Hemiptera), true Flies (Diptera), Bees etc. (Hymenoptera), Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) and Beetles (Coleoptera). Of these, complete lists of known species are only available for the Lepidoptera. But various sub-groups are listed, and some of these, like Butterflies, probably do list all species present in the county. Complete lists of all known species are also available for a few of the smaller orders, such as the Neuroptera and Odonata (below).

LACEWINGS etc. (ORDER Neuroptera) 13 Taxa

Green Lacewing Chrysoperla carnea

References: Barnard, P.C., J.P. O’Connor and M.C.D. Speight (1991). A review of the published distribution data for Irish Neuroptera (insecta), together with additional records and a check-list of the Irish Species. Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 14.

Chrysopidia ciliate

Nineta flava

Nineta vittata

Coniopteryx tineiformis

Hemerobius humulinus

Hemerobius lutescens

Hemerobius marginatus

Hemerobius micans

Hemerobius simulans

Micromus variegates

Psectra diptera

Wesmaelius subnebulosus

Sisyra fuscata

DRAGONFLIES (ORDER Odonata) 18 Taxa

Banded Jewelwing Moorland Hawker Heathland Skimmer Calopteryx splendens Aeshna juncea Orthetrum coerulescens

References: Nelson, B., and R. Thompson (2004). The Natural History of Ireland’s Dragonflies. The National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland.


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The dragonflies, and their daintier cousins the damselflies, are found almost everywhere close to water. Their mastery of flight belies their ancient origins. This list is reasonably complete, as a result of a mass-participation survey (Nelson and Thompson 2004). Only two species would be candidates for Prioritization (in bold). Irish Damselfly is a recently discovered continental species, not found in Great Britain. The single Donegal site is very isolated from its midland core range. The Black-tailed Skimmer is a demanding species with a scattered western distribution.

Brown Hawker Aeshna grandis Common Hawker Aeshna juncea Hairy Dragonfly Brachytron pratense Banded Agrion Calopterex splendens

Irish Damselfly

Coenagrion

lunulatum

Azure Damselfly Coenagrion puella Variable Damselfly Coenagrion pulchellum Common Blue Damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum Common Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura elegans

Scarce Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura pumilio Emerald Damselfly Lestes sponsa Four-spotted Chaser Libellula quadrimaculata Black-tailed Skimmer Orthetrum cancellatum

Keeled Skimmer Orthetrum coerulescens Large Red Damselfly Pyrrhosoma nymphula Black Darter Sympetrum danae Ruddy Darter Sympetrum sanguineum Common Darter Sympetrum striolatum

BUGS (ORDER HEMIPTERA) BUGS (a) (SUB-ORDER Heteroptera) 93 Taxa

The Heteroptera is one of two large orders of insects characterised by sucking, rather than biting mouthparts, and generally known as Bugs on this side of the Atlantic.

Acalypta brunnea

Acalypta parvula Acanthosoma haemorrhoidale Hawthorn Shieldbug

Anthocoris nemoralis

Anthocoris nemorum Common Flower Bug

Arctocorisa carinata

Arctocorisa germari

Asciodema obsoletum

Berytinus minor

Berytinus signoreti

Callicorixa praeusta

Callicorixa wollastoni

Calocoris norvegicus

Capsus ater

Chartoscirta cincta

Corixa affinis

Corixa dentipes

Corixa panzeri

Corixa punctata Punctate Corixa

Cryptostemma alienum

Cymatia bonsdorffi

Cymus glandicolor

Cyrtorhinus caricis

Drymus sylvaticus Elasmostethus interstinctus

Elasmucha grisea Parent Bug

Gerris argentatus Little Pondskater

Gerris costai Moorland Pondskater

Gerris lacustris Common Pondskater

Gerris lateralis

Gerris odontogaster Toothed Pondskater

Gerris thoracicus

Glaenocorisa propinqua

Harpocera thoracica

Hebrus ruficeps Sphagnum Bug

Hesperocorixa linnei

Hesperocorixa sahlbergi

Hydrometra stagnorum

Kalama tricornis

Leptopterna dolabrata

Leptopterna ferrugata Limnoporus rufoscutellatus

Lyctocoris campestris The Debris Bug

Lygocoris pabulinus Common Green Capsid

Mecomma ambulans

Micronecta poweri Water Singer

Microvelia reticulata

Monalocoris filicis Bracken Bug

Nabicula flavomarginata Broad Damselbug

Nabicula limbata Marsh Damselbug

Nepa cinerea Water Scorpion

Notonecta glauca Common Water-boatman


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Notonecta obliqua

Nysius thymi

Orius majusculus

Orthops cervinus

Orthotylus marginalis Dark Green Apple Capsid

Orthotylus virescens

Pachybrachius fracticollis

Phylus melanocephalus

Pithanus maerkeli

Plagiognathus arbustorum Plagiognathus chrysanthemi

Plesiocoris rugicollis Apple Capsid

Polymerus palustris

Psallus ambiguus

Psallus lepidus

Psallus varians

Salda littoralis

Saldula opacula

Saldula palustris

Saldula saltatoria Common Shorebug

Saldula scotica

Scolopostethus decoratus

Sigara concinna

Sigara distincta

Sigara dorsalis

Sigara falleni

Sigara fossarum

Sigara nigrolineata

Sigara scotti

Sigara semistriata

Sigara stagnalis

Sigara venusta

Stenodema calcaratum

Stenodema holsatum

Stygnocoris sabulosus

Teratocoris saundersi

Teratocoris viridis

Tingis cardui Spear Thistle Lacebug

Trigonotylus ruficornis

Velia caprai Water Cricket

Zicrona caerulea

BUGS (b) (SUB-ORDER Homoptera) 4 Taxa

Closely related to the Heteroptera.

Cicadella viridis

Evacanthus interruptus

Philaenus spumarius Cuckoo-spit Insect

Tachycixius pilosus

BOOKLICE and BARKLICE (ORDER Psocoptera) 13 Taxa There are 46 Irish species in this group, and as with other obscure groups of insects, the majority of records are from those counties close to the main centres of research.

References:

Smithers C.N., J.P. O’Connor and J.V. Peters. (1999). A list of Irish Psocoptera (Insecta) (Booklice, Barklice, Psocids). Ir. Nat. J. Volume 26 No. 7/8.

Amphigerontia bifasciata Caecilius burmeisteri Caecilius flavidus Cuneopalpus cyanops Ectopsocus axillaris

Ectopsocus petersi Elipsocus westwoodi Elopsocus hyalinus Mesopsocus immunis Peripsocidae didymus

Peripsocidae subfasciatus Philotarsus picicornis Stenopsocus immaculatus


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BITING LICE (ORDERS Ischnocera and Amblycera) 2 Taxa Ireland has 98 species from two groups of biting lice, the Ischnocera and the Amblycera. They are external parasites living usually on one specific host species. The Irish species have been recorded on 74 species of birds and 13 species of mammals, with potential for recording a species on each of the resident or visiting bird species. Most have been recorded around Dublin and Galway, but even so, only two species from Donegal is surprisingly few (both from the Ischnocera). References: Butler F.T., and J.P. O’Connor. (1994). A review of the Irish Ischnocera and Amblycera (Phthiraptera). Ir. Nat.

J. Vol. 24 No. 11.

Bovicola longicornis Trichodectes melis

SUCKING LICE (ORDER Anoplura) 1 Taxon

This is a smaller group than the related Biting Lice (above), with only 17 species in Ireland. The single specimen recorded from Donegal was found on a Stoat.

References:

O’Connor J.P., D.P. Sleeman and F.T. Butler. (2005). A review of the Irish Anoplura (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Ir. Nat. J. Volume 28 No. 2.

Polyplax spinulosa


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BUTTERFLIES and MOTHS (ORDER Lepidoptera) 618 Taxa The grouping of Lepidoptera into three sub-groups is an artificial division which is recognised by the scientific community largely as a result of popular demand. In reality the various families within each group are as different from each other as they are from those of the other groups. Of the three groups, Butterflies and Macro-moths are fully covered. The third and largest group, Micro-moths, are still a long way from being fully listed. At the moment, 793 species of micro-moths are recognised in Ireland (Bond 1995), but there are many additions waiting to appear in the next list. References: Bond, K.G.M. (1995). Irish Microlepidoptera Check-list. Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 18. BUTTERFLIES 28 Taxa

Marsh Fritillary Small Heath Common Blue Euphydryas auinia Coenonympha pamphilus Polyommatus icarus Donegal has most of the species found in Ireland, including the Marsh Fritillary which is listed in the EU Habitats Directive. Many of these species are nationally local, the most important being marked in Bold, but the declining fortunes of butterflies generally hint that in time more of these might qualify as Priority Species.

Camberwell Beauty Nymphalis antiopa Clouded Yellow Colias crocea Comma Polygonia c-album Common Blue Polyommatus icarus Dark-green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages

Grayling Hipparchia semele Green Hairstreak Callophrys rubi Green-veined White Pieris napi Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus Large Heath Coenonympha tullia

Large White Pieris brassicae Marsh Fritillary Euphydryas aurinia

Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina Orange Tip Anthocharis cardamines

Painted Lady Vanessa cardui Peacock Inachis io Réals Wood White Leptidea reali Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus Silver-washed Fritillary Argynnis paphia Small Blue Cupido minimus

Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae Small White Pieris rapae Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria Wall Brown Lasiommata megera


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MICRO--MOTHS 202 Taxa

Emmelina monodactyla Argyresthia brockeella Pyrausta sp. Micro-moths are easily overlooked, but just as beautiful as their larger relatives, and much more diverse. Those with English names tend to be the pest species, like Clothes Moth.

Acentria ephemerella Water Veneer Acleris aspersana Acleris variegana Garden Rose Tortrix Aethes piercei Agonopterix arenella Agonopterix ciliella Agonopterix heracliana Agonopterix kaekeritziana Agonopterix ocellana Agonopterix subpropinquella Agriphila geniculea Agriphila selasella Agriphila straminella Agriphila tristella Alucita hexadactyla Twenty-plume Moth Anacampsis temerella Anarsia spartiella Ancylis badiana Ancylis geminana Ancylis subarcuana Anthophila fabriciana Aphelia viburnana Bilberry Tortrix Aphomia sociella Bee Moth Apotomis betuletana Apotomis semifasciana Aproaerema anthyllidella Argyresthia conjugella Apple Fruit Moth Argyresthia goedartella Argyresthia pruniella Cherry Fruit Moth Argyresthia pygmaeella Argyresthia semifusca Aspilapteryx tringipennella Bactra lancealana Biselachista albidella Blastobasis adustella Blastodacna hellerella Bohemannia pulverosella Borkhausenia fuscescens Bryotropha terrella Bryotropha umbrosella Caloptilia betulicola Caloptilia stigmatella Catoptria margaritella Pearl-band Grass Veneer

Celypha cespitana Celypha lacunana Chrysoesthia sexguttella Chrysoteuchia culmella Garden Grass-veneer Clepsis consimilana Clepsis senecionana Cnephasia conspersana Cnephasia stephensiana Coleophora albicosta Coleophora albidella Coleophora alticolella Coleophora gryphipennella Coleophora lusciniaepennella Coleophora serratella Crambus lathoniellus Crambus lathoniellus Crambus pascuella Crambus perlella Cydia nigricana Cydia ulicetana Deltaornix torquillella Depressaria pastinacella Parsnip Moth Dichrorampha acuminatana Dipleurina lacustrata Donacaula mucronellus Ectoedemia albifasciella Ectoedemia albifasciella Ectoedemia argyropeza Ectoedemia occultella Ectoedemia subbimaculella Elachista albifrontella Elachista alpinella Elachista apicipunctella Elachista argentella Elachista atricomella Elachista canapennella Elachista luticomella Elachista subalbidella Emmelina monodactyla Endothenia marginana Endothenia quadrimaculana

Endrosis sarcitrella White-shouldered House Moth

Enteucha acetosae Epagoge grotiana


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Epiblema cynosbatella Epiblema cynosbatella Epiblema incarnatana Epiblema roborana Epiblema scutulana Epinotia immundana Epinotia nisella Epinotia ramella Epinotia solandriana Epinotia subocellana Epinotia tedella Epinotia tenerana Nut Bud Moth Epiphyas postvittana Eriocrania subpurpurella Esperia sulphurella Eucalybites auroguttella Eucosma cana Eucosma hohenwartiana Eudonia delunella Eudonia lineola Eudonia mercurella Eudonia pallida Eudonia truncicolella Eudonis angustea Eupoecilia angustana Eurrhypara hortulata Small Magpie Evergestis pallidata Falseuncaria ruficiliana Glyphipterix forsterella Glyphipterix schoenicolella Glyphipterix simpliciella Cocksfoot Moth Glyphipterix thrasonella Grapholita jungiella Gynnidomorpha vectisana Hedya nubiferana Marbled Orchard Tortrix Hedya pruniana Plum Tortix Heliozela resplendella Hofmannophila pseudospretella Brown House Moth Hypatima rhomboidella Incurvaria masculella Incurvaria pectinea Incurvaria praelatella Lozotaenia forsterana Lyonetia clerkella Apple Leaf Miner Micropterix aureatella Micropterix calthella Mompha langiella Mompha locupletella Mompha raschkiella Nemapogon cloacella Cork Moth Neofaculta ericetella Nomophila noctuella Rush Veneer Nymphula nymphaeata Brown China-mark Nymphula stagnata Beautiful China-mark Olethreutes schulziana Opsibotys fuscalis Pammene gallicana Pandemis cerasana Barred Fruit-tree Tortrix

Pandemis heparana Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix Parornix betulae Parornix devoniella Parornix fagivora Philedone gerningana Phyllonorcter sorbi Phyllonorycter hilarella Phyllonorycter kleemanella Phyllonorycter maestingella Phyllonorycter messaniella Phyllonorycter nicellii Phyllonorycter quercifoliella Phyllonorycter quinqueguttella Phyllonorycter rajella Phyllonorycter salicicolella Phyllonorycter sorbi Phyllonorycter spinicolella Phyllonorycter ulmifoliella Platyptilia gonodactyla Pleuroptya ruralis Mother of Pearl Plutella xylostella Diamond-back Moth Prays fraxinella Ash Bud Moth Pyrausta ostrinalis Pyrausta purpuralis Rhigognostis annulatella Rhigognostis incarnatella Rhyacionia pinivorana Schreckensteinia festaliella Scoparia pyralella Stenoptilia pterodactyla Stigmella aurella Stigmella aurella Stigmella betulicola Stigmella confusella Stigmella floslactella Stigmella hemargyrella Stigmella luteella Stigmella microtheriella Stigmella myrtillella Stigmella nylandriella Stigmella obliquella Stigmella plagicolella Stigmella roborella Stigmella salicis Stigmella tityrella Stigmella ulmariae Syndemis musculana Tortrix viridana Green Oak Tortix Trachycera advenella Udea lutealis Udea olivalis Udea prunalis Yponomeuta padella Orchard Ermine Yponomeuta sp. Ypsolopha parenthesella Ypsolopha ustella Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana Spruce Bud Moth


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MACRO-MOTHS 388 Taxa

Brimstone Moth Six-spot Burnet Merveille du Jour Opisthograptis luteolata Zygaena filipendulae Dichonia aprilina In Donegal this is one of the better studied of the large insect groups, with species listed, mapped and photographed at www.skylark.ie/donegalmoths . The full list is reasonably complete, and so a selection of 30 Priority Species seems justified on the basis of present knowledge (see introductory section on Priority Species, page 5).

Alder Moth Acronicta alni Angle Shades Phlogophora meticulosa Antler Moth Cerapteryx graminis Archer's Dart Agrotis vestigialis Argent and Sable Rheumaptera hastata Ash Pug Eupithecia fraxinata August Thorn Ennomos quercinaria Autumn Green Carpet Chloroclysta miata Autumnal Rustic Eugnorisma glareosa Barred Carpet Perizoma taeniata Barred Chestnut Diarsia dahlii Barred Red Hylaea fasciaria Barred Straw Eulithis pyraliata Barred Umber Plagodis pulveraria Barred Yellow Cidaria fulvata Beaded Chestnut Agrochola lychnidis Beautiful Brocade Lacanobia contigua Beautiful Carpet Mesoleuca albicillata Beautiful Golden Y Autographa pulchrina Beautiful Snout Hypena crassalis Beautiful Yellow Underwing Anarta myrtilli Beech-green Carpet Colostygia olivata Bilberry Pug Pasiphila debiliata Birch Mocha Cyclophora albipunctata Black Rustic Aporophyla nigra Bleached Pug Eupithecia expallidata

Blue-bordered Carpet Plemyria rubiginata plumbata

Bordered Beauty Epione repandaria Bordered Grey Selidosema brunnearia Bordered Pug Eupithecia succenturiata Bordered White Bupalus piniaria Bright-line Brown-eye Lacanobia oleracea Brimstone Moth Opisthograptis luteolata Brindled Ochre Dasypolia templi Brindled Pug Eupithecia abbreviata Broad-barred White Hecatera bicolorata

Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing Noctua fimbriata Broken-barred Carpet Electrophaes corylata Broom Moth Melanchra pisi Brown Rustic Rusina ferruginea Brown Silver-line Petrophora chlorosata Brown-line Bright-eye Mythimna conigera Brussels Lace Cleorodes lichenaria Buff Arches Habrosyne pyritoides Buff Ermine Spilosoma luteum Buff-tip Phalera bucephala Bulrush Wainscot Nonagria typhae Burnet Companion Euclidia glyphica Burnished Brass Diachrysia chrysitis Cabbage Moth Mamestra brassicae Canary-shouldered Thorn Ennomos alniaria Centre-barred Sallow Atethmia centrago Chamomile Shark Cucullia chamomillae Chestnut-coloured Carpet Thera cognata Chimney Sweeper Odezia atrata Chinese Character Cilix glaucata Cloaked Minor Mesoligia furuncula Clouded Border Lomaspilis marginata Clouded Brindle Apamea epomidion Clouded Buff Diacrisia sannio Clouded Drab Orthosia incerta Clouded Silver Lomographa temerata Clouded-bordered Brindle Apamea crenata Coast Dart Euxoa cursoria Common Carpet Epirrhoe alternata Common Emerald Hemithea aestivaria Common Heath Ematurga atomaria Common Lutestring Ochropacha duplaris Common Marbled Carpet Chloroclysta truncata Common Pug Eupithecia vulgata Common Quaker Orthosia cerasi Common Rustic Mesapamea secalis Common Rustic sp. Mesapamea secalis agg.


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Common Wainscot Mythimna pallens Common Wave Cabera exanthemata Common White Wave Cabera pusaria Convolvulus Hawk-moth Agrius convolvuli Copper Underwing Amphipyra pyramidea Coxcomb Prominent Ptilodon capucina Cream Wave Scopula floslactata Crescent Striped Apamea oblonga Crinan Ear Amphipoea crinanensis Currant Pug Eupithecia assimilata Dark Arches Apamea monoglypha Dark Brocade Blepharita adusta Dark Chestnut Conistra ligula Dark Marbled Carpet Chloroclysta citrata Dark Spectacle Abrostola triplasia Dark Spinach Pelurga comitata Dark Sword-grass Agrotis ipsilon Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet Xanthorhoe ferrugata Death's-head Hawk-moth Acherontia atropos December Moth Poecilocampa populi Dingy Shears Parastichtis ypsillon Dotted Border Agriopis marginaria Dotted Clay Xestia baja Dotted Rustic Rhyacia simulans Double Dart Graphiphora augur Double Lobed Apamea ophiogramma Double Square-spot Xestia triangulum

Double-striped Pug Gymnoscelis rufifasciata

Dusky Brocade Apamea remissa Dwarf Pug Eupithecia tantillaria Ear Moth Amphipoea oculea Ear Moth sp. Amphipoea sp. Early Grey Xylocampa areola Early Moth Theria primaria Early Thorn Selenia dentaria Early Tooth-striped Trichopteryx carpinata Elephant Hawk-moth Deilephila elpenor Emperor Moth Saturnia pavonia Engrailed sp. Ectropis sp. Feathered Thorn Colotois pennaria Flame Carpet Xanthorhoe designata Flame Shoulder Ochropleura plecta Flounced Chestnut Agrochola helvola Flounced Rustic Luperina testacea Fox Moth Macrothylacia rubi Foxglove Pug Eupithecia pulchellata Frosted Orange Gortyna flavago Galium Carpet Epirrhoe galiata

Garden Carpet Xanthorhoe fluctuata fluctuata

Garden Dart Euxoa nigricans Garden Tiger Arctia caja Ghost Moth Hepialus humuli humuli Glaucous Shears Papestra biren Gold Spangle Autographa bractea Gold Spot Plusia festucae Gold Swift Hepialus hecta

Golden-rod Pug Eupithecia virgaureata

Grass Emerald Pseudoterpna pruinata atropunctaria

Grass Rivulet Perizoma albulata albulata

Great Brocade Eurois occulta Green Arches Anaplectoides prasina Green Carpet Colostygia pectinataria Green Pug Pasiphila rectangulata Green Silver-lines Pseudoips prasinana Green-brindled Crescent Allophyes oxyacanthae Grey Arches Polia nebulosa Grey Chi Antitype chi Grey Dagger Acronicta psi Grey Mountain Carpet Entephria caesiata Grey Pine Carpet Thera obeliscata Grey Pug Eupithecia subfuscata Grey Scalloped Bar Dyscia fagaria

Grey Shoulder-knot Lithophane ornitopus lactipennis

Haworth's Minor Celaena haworthii Heart and Dart Agrotis exclamationis

Heath Rustic Xestia agathina agathina

Hebrew Character Orthosia gothica Hedge Rustic Tholera cespitis Humming-bird Hawk-moth

Macroglossum stellatarum

Ingrailed Clay Diarsia mendica Iron Prominent Notodonta dromedarius July Highflyer Hydriomena furcata Juniper Pug Eupithecia pusillata Knot Grass Acronicta rumicis Larch Pug Eupithecia lariciata Large Ear Amphipoea lucens Large Emerald Geometra papilionaria Large Wainscot Rhizedra lutosa Large Yellow Underwing Noctua pronuba Latticed Heath Chiasmia clathrata Lead Belle Scotopteryx mucronata

Lead Belle (scotica) Scotopteryx mucronata scotica

Lead-coloured Drab Orthosia populeti Lead-coloured Pug Eupithecia plumbeolata Least Black Arches Nola confusalis

Least Yellow Underwing Noctua interjecta caliginosa

Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing Noctua janthe Lesser Common Rustic Mesapamea didyma Lesser Cream Wave Scopula immutata Lesser Swallow Prominent Pheosia gnoma Lesser Yellow Underwing Noctua comes Light Arches Apamea lithoxylaea Light Emerald Campaea margaritata Light Knot Grass Acronicta menyanthidis Lilac Beauty Apeira syringaria Lime-speck Pug Eupithecia centaureata Little Emerald Jodis lactearia


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Lunar Hornet Moth Sesia bembeciformis Lunar Marbled Brown Drymonia ruficornis Lunar Thorn Selenia lunularia Lunar Underwing Omphaloscelis lunosa Map-winged Swift Hepialus fusconebulosa Marbled Beauty Cryphia muralis Marbled Coronet Hadena confusa Marbled Minor Oligia strigilis Marbled Minor sp. Oligia strigilis agg. March Moth Alsophila aescularia Marsh Oblique-barred Hypenodes humidalis May Highflyer Hydriomena impluviata Merveille du Jour Dichonia aprilina Middle-barred Minor Oligia fasciuncula Minor Shoulder-knot Brachylomia viminalis Mother Shipton Callistege mi Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata

Mottled Grey Colostygia multistrigaria

Mottled Pug Eupithecia exiguata Mottled Umber Erannis defoliaria Mouse Moth Amphipyra tragopoginis Muslin Footman Nudaria mundana Muslin Moth Diaphora mendica Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth Hemaris tityus Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet

Zygaena lonicerae latomarginata

Narrow-winged Pug Eupithecia nanata Neglected Rustic Xestia castanea Netted Pug Eupithecia venosata Northern Dart Xestia alpicola alpina Northern Deep-brown Dart

Aporophyla lueneburgensis

Northern Drab Orthosia opima Northern Eggar Lasiocampa quercus Northern Rustic Standfussiana lucernea Northern Spinach Eulithis populata November Moth Epirrita dilutata November/Autumnal Moth sp. Epirrita dilutata agg. Nut-tree Tussock Colocasia coryli Oak Beauty Biston strataria Oak-tree Pug Eupithecia dodoneata Oblique Carpet Orthonama vittata Ochreous Pug Eupithecia indigata Old Lady Mormo maura Pale Brindled Beauty Phigalia pilosaria Pale Mottled Willow Caradrina clavipalpis Pale November Moth Epirrita christyi Pale Pinion Lithophane hepatica Pale Prominent Pterostoma palpina Pale-shouldered Brocade Lacanobia thalassina Peach Blossom Thyatira batis Pearly Underwing Peridroma saucia Pebble Prominent Notodonta ziczac Peppered Moth Biston betularia Pine Beauty Panolis flammea Pine Carpet Thera firmata

Pinion-streaked Snout Schrankia costaestrigalis

Pink-barred Sallow Xanthia togata Plain Golden Y Autographa jota Plain Pug Eupithecia simpliciata Plain Wave Idaea straminata

Pod Lover Hadena perplexa capsophila

Poplar Grey Acronicta megacephala Poplar Hawk-moth Laothoe populi Poplar Kitten Furcula bifida Poplar Lutestring Tethea or Portland Moth Actebia praecox Powdered Quaker Orthosia gracilis

Pretty Pinion Perizoma blandiata blandiata

Purple Bar Cosmorhoe ocellata Purple Clay Diarsia brunnea Puss Moth Cerura vinula Red Carpet Xanthorhoe decoloraria Red Chestnut Cerastis rubricosa Red Sword-grass Xylena vetusta Red Twin-spot Carpet Xanthorhoe spadicearia Red-green Carpet Chloroclysta siterata Red-line Quaker Agrochola lota Red-necked Footman Atolmis rubricollis Riband Wave Idaea aversata Ringed Carpet Cleora cinctaria Rosy Minor Mesoligia literosa Rosy Rustic Hydraecia micacea Round-winged Muslin Thumatha senex Ruby Tiger Phragmatobia fuliginosa Ruddy Highflyer Hydriomena ruberata Rustic Shoulder-knot Apamea sordens Sallow Kitten Furcula furcula Satin Beauty Deileptenia ribeata Satin Lutestring Tetheella fluctuosa

Satyr Pug Eupithecia satyrata callunaria

Scallop Shell Rheumaptera undulata Scalloped Hazel Odontopera bidentata Scalloped Hook-tip Falcaria lacertinaria Scalloped Oak Crocallis elinguaria Scarce Bordered Straw Helicoverpa armigera Scarce Prominent Odontosia carmelita

Scarce Silver Y Syngrapha interrogationis

Scarce Umber Agriopis aurantiaria Scorched Wing Plagodis dolabraria Scotch Annulet Gnophos obfuscatus Setaceous Hebrew Character Xestia c-nigrum

Shaded Broad-bar Scotopteryx chenopodiata

Shaded Pug Eupithecia subumbrata Sharp-angled Carpet Euphyia unangulata Shore Wainscot Mythimna litoralis Shoulder Stripe Anticlea badiata Shoulder-striped Wainscot Mythimna comma


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Silver Hook Deltote uncula Silver Y Autographa gamma

Silver-ground Carpet Xanthorhoe montanata montanata

Single-dotted Wave Idaea dimidiata Six-spot Burnet Zygaena filipendulae Six-striped Rustic Xestia sexstrigata Slender Pug Eupithecia tenuiata Slender-striped Rufous Coenocalpe lapidata Small Angle Shades Euplexia lucipara Small Autumnal Moth Epirrita filigrammaria Small Chocolate-tip Clostera pigra Small Clouded Brindle Apamea unanimis Small Dotted Buff Photedes minima Small Eggar Eriogaster lanestris Small Elephant Hawk-moth Deilephila porcellus Small Engrailed Ectropis crepuscularia Small Fan-foot Herminia grisealis Small Fan-footed Wave Idaea biselata Small Phoenix Ecliptopera silaceata Small Purple-barred Phytometra viridaria Small Quaker Orthosia cruda Small Rivulet Perizoma alchemillata

Small Seraphim Pterapherapteryx sexalata

Small Square-Spot Diarsia rubi Small Wainscot Chortodes pygmina Smoky Wainscot Mythimna impura Southern Wainscot Mythimna straminea Spotted Clover Schinia scutosa Spruce Carpet Thera britannica Square-spot Dart Euxoa obelisca grisea Square-spot Rustic Xestia xanthographa Straw Dot Rivula sericealis Straw Underwing Thalpophila matura

Striped Twin-spot Carpet Nebula salicata latentaria

Swallow Prominent Pheosia tremula Swallow-tailed Moth Ourapteryx sambucaria

Sweet Gale Moth Acronicta euphorbiae myricae

Sword-grass Xylena exsoleta Tawny Marbled Minor Oligia latruncula Tawny Speckled Pug Eupithecia icterata Tawny-barred Angle Macaria liturata The Annulet Charissa obscurata The Anomalous Stilbia anomala The Brick Agrochola circellaris The Campion Hadena rivularis The Chestnut Conistra vaccinii The Chevron Eulithis testata The Cinnabar Tyria jacobaeae

The Confused Apamea furva britannica

The Crescent Celaena leucostigma The Drinker Euthrix potatoria

The Dun-bar Cosmia trapezina

The Fan-foot Zanclognatha tarsipennalis

The Flame Axylia putris The Forester Adscita statices The Gem Orthonama obstipata The Gothic Naenia typica The Grey Hadena caesia manania The Herald Scoliopteryx libatrix The Lychnis Hadena bicruris The Magpie Abraxas grossulariata The Miller Acronicta leporina The Nutmeg Discestra trifolii The Phoenix Eulithis prunata The Rustic Hoplodrina blanda The Sallow Xanthia icteritia The Satellite Eupsilia transversa The Seraphim Lobophora halterata The Shark Cucullia umbratica The Shears Hada plebeja The Snout Hypena proboscidalis The Spectacle Abrostola tripartita The Streak Chesias legatella The Streamer Anticlea derivata The Tissue Triphosa dubitata The Uncertain Hoplodrina alsines The Vapourer Orgyia antiqua The Vestal Rhodometra sacraria The V-moth Macaria wauaria The V-pug Chloroclystis v-ata

Thyme Pug Eupithecia distinctaria constricta

Treble-bar Aplocera plagiata True Lover's Knot Lycophotia porphyrea Turnip Moth Agrotis segetum Twin-spot Carpet Perizoma didymata Twin-spotted Quaker Orthosia munda Valerian Pug Eupithecia valerianata

Water Carpet Lampropteryx suffumata

Welsh Wave Venusia cambrica White Colon Sideridis albicolon White Ermine Spilosoma lubricipeda White-line Dart Euxoa tritici White-speck Mythimna unipuncta White-spotted Pug Eupithecia tripunctaria

Willow Beauty Peribatodes rhomboidaria

Winter Moth Operophtera brumata Wood Tiger Parasemia plantaginis Wormwood Pug Eupithecia absinthiata Yellow Horned Achlya flavicornis

Yellow Shell Camptogramma bilineata bilineata

Yellow-barred Brindle Acasis viretata Yellow-line Quaker Agrochola macilenta


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FLIES (ORDER DIPTERA) NON-BITING MIDGES (Family Chironomidae) 144 Taxa

Britain and Ireland have 588 species of these small flies, of which only 74% are known in Ireland. In the table which follows, species known in Northern Ireland and Donegal from only Donegal are shown in Italics. One species, Parakiefferiella smolandica, is known in Ireland only from a single site in Donegal. It is shown in bold. The table is divided into the four sub-families with species in Donegal. References:

Langton, Peter H. (2002). A preliminary survey of the Non-biting Midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of Northern Ireland. Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 26.

TANYPODINAE

Ablabesmyia longistyla

Ablabesmyia monilis

Ablabesmyia phatta

Conchapelopis melanops

Conchapelopis viator

Larsia atrocincta

Macropelopia adaucta

Macropelopia nebulosa

Nilotanypus dubius

Paramerina cingulata

Procladius (holotanypus) choreus

Procladius (holotanypus) sagitallis

Procladius (holotanypus) Pe1

Psectrotanypus varius

Rheopelopia maculipennis

Thienemannimyia pseudocarnea

Trissopelopia longimana

Zavrelimyia barbatipes

DIAMESINAE

Potthastia gaedii

Potthastia longimana

ORTHOCLADIINAE

Brillia bifida

Corynoneura arctica

Corynoneura gratias

Corynoneura lacustris

Corynoneura Pe2a

Corynoneura paludosa

Cricotopus (s. str.) albiforceps

Cricotopus (s. str.) annulator

Cricotopus (s. str.) bicinctus

Cricotopus (s. str.) curtus

Cricotopus (s. str.) festuvellus

Cricotopus (s. str.) flavocinctus

Cricotopus (s. str.) pallidipes

Cricotopus (s. str.) pilosellus

Cricotopus (s. str.) polaris

Cricotopus (s. str.) pulchripes

Cricotopus (s. str.) similis

Cricotopus (s. str.) tremulus

Cricotopus (s. str.) triannulatus

Cricotopus (Isocladius) intersectus

Cricotopus (Isocladius) reversus

Cricotopus (Isocladius) trifasciatus

Eukiefferiella claripennis

Eukiefferiella clypeata

Eukiefferiella dittmari

Eukiefferiella ilkleyensus

Eukiefferiella minor

Halocladius (s. str.) variabilis

Heterotrissocladius marcidus

Limnophyes pentaplastus

Nanocladius balticus

Nanocladius bicolor

Nanocladius rectinervis

Orthocladius (s. str.) rubicundus

Orthocladius (Pogonocladius) consobrinus

Parakiefferiella bathophila

Parakiefferiella smolandica

Paratrichocladius rufiventris

Psectrocladius (Allopsectrocladius) platypus

Psectrocladius (Mesopsectrocladius) barbatipes

Psectrocladius (s. str.) fennicus

Psectrocladius (s. str.) limbatellus

Psectrocladius (s. str.) oligosetus

Psectrocladius (s. str.) oxyura

Psectrocladius (s. str.) psilopterus

Rheocricotopus (s.str.) fuscipes

Synortocladius semivirens

Thienemanniella vittata

Thienemanniella Pe2a

Tvetenia calvescens

Tvetenia discoloripes

Tvetenia verralli

CHIRONOMINAE

Chironomus (Camptochironomus) tentans

Chironomus (s. str.) anthracinus

Chironomus (s. str.) luridus

Chironomus (s. str.) nuditarsis


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Chironomus (s. str.) nudiventris

Chironomus (s. str.) piger

Chironomus (s. str.) salinarius

Cladopelma viridulum

Cryptochironomus obreptans

Cryptochironomus psittacinus

Demicryptochironomus (s.st.) vulneratus

Dicrotendipes nervosus

Dicrotendipes objectans

Dicrotendipes tritomus

Endochironomus tendens

Glyptotendipes (s.st.) gripekoveni

Harnischia curtilamellata

Lauterborniella agrayloides

Microtendipes rydalensis

Microtendipes Pe1

Nilothauma brayi

Pagastiella orophila

Parachironomus biannulatus

Parachironomus frequens

Parachironomus mauricii

Parachironomus monochromus

Parachironomus tenuicaudatus

Parachironomus Pe2

Paracladopelma laminatum

Paratendipes albimanus

Phaenopsectra Pe1

Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) sordens

Polypedilum (s. st.) albicorne

Polypedilum (s. st.) laetum

Polypedilum (s. st.) nubeculosum

Polypedilum (Tripodura) pullum

Polypedilum (Uresipedilum) convictum

Xenochironomus xenolabis

Pseudochironomus prasinatus

Cladotanytarsus atridorsum

Cladotanytarsus mancus

Cladotanytarsus pallidus

Cladotanytarsus vanderwulpi

Micropsectra atrofasciata

Micropsectra bidentata

Micropsectra fusca

Micropsectra junci

Micropsectra lindrothi

Micropsectra notescens

Parantytarsus austriacus

Parantytarsus dissimilis

Parantytarsus laccophilis

Parantytarsus tenuis

Rheotanytarsus curtistylus

Rheotanytarsus pellucidus

Rheotanytarsus pentapoda

Stempellina bausei

Stempellinella brevis

Stempellinella minor

Tanytarsus brundini

Tanytarsus curticornis

Tanytarsus ejuncidus

Tanytarsus eminulus

Tanytarsus gregarius

Tanytarsus pallidicornis

Tanytarsus palmeri

Tanytarsus signatus

Tanytarsus Pe9

Tanytarsus striatulus

Tanytarsus usmaensis

Tanytarsus verralli

Virgatanytarsus Pe1

LOUSE-FLIES (Family Hippoboscidae) 2 Taxa

There are only nine species of these blood-sucking parasites of mammals and birds known in Ireland. References: O’Connor J.P. and D.P. Sleeman. (1987). Ir. Nat. J. Vol. 22 No. 6.

Deer-fly Lipoptena cervi Sheep Ked Melophagus ovinus

LESSER DUNG FLIES (Family Sphaeroceridae) 3 Taxa

There are 52 Irish species in this group of small flies. Only three have been recorded in Donegal. The third on the list is found on drying-out Eelgrass in estuaries. References:


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Nash, R., J.P. O’Connor and P.J. Chandler. (2001). The Irish species of Lesser Dung Flies (Insecta: Diptera, Sphaeroceridae) including a list of type specimens described by Alexander Henry Haliday in Humboldt University Museum, La Specola and the National Museum of Ireland. Bull Iri. Biogeog. Soc. No. 25.

Copromyza equina Lotophila atra Thoracochaeta zosterae

HOVERFLIES (Family Syrphidae) 46 Taxa

This and the following unsorted list are taken from http://donegal-wildlife.blogspot.com/

Anasimyia lineata Arctophila superbiens Cheilosia albitarsis Cheilosia illustrata Cheilosia semifasciata Cheilosia variabilis Chrysotoxum arcuatum Episyrphus balteatus Eriozona syrphoides Eristalis arbustorum Eristalis horticola Eristalis interruptus Eristalis intricarius Eristalis pertinax Eristalis tenax Eupodes corollae

Eupodes latifasciatus Eupodes luniger Helophilus pendulus Leucozona glaucia Leucozona laternaria Leucozona lucorum Melangyna cincta Melanostoma scalare Meliscaeva auricollis Meliscaeva cinctella Myathropa florea Neoascia podagrica Parasyrphus punctulatus Platycheirus albimanus Platycheirus granditarsus Platycheirus scutatus

Rhingia campestris Ripponensia splendens Scaeva pyrastri Sericomyia lappona Sericomyia silentis Sphaerophoria scripta Sphegina clunipes Syritta pipiens Syrphus ribesii Syrphus torvus Volucella bombylans Volucella pelluscens Xylota jakutorum Xylota segnis

OTHER FLIES (from various groups) 61 Taxa

Aceria macrorhynchus Acidia cognata Agromyza alnibetulae Agromyza alnivora Agromyza anthracina Agromyza filipendulae Agromyza idaeina Agromyza nana Agromyza sulfuriceps Amauromyza labiatarum Argyra leucocephala Aulagromyza hendeliana Bibio ferruginatus Bibio hortulanus Bibio lanigerus Bibio lepidus Bibio marci Bibio pomacaeus Bibio varipes Cerodontha silvatica Chloromyia formosa

Chromatomyia aprilina Chromatomyia lonicerae Chromatomyia milii Chrysopilus cristatus Contarinia tiliarum Coremacera marginata Cricotopus sylvestris Cricotopus tremulus Dasineura ulmariae Dexiosoma caninum Diplolepis spinosissimae Empis stercorea Eriophyes tiliei Eriothrix rufomaculata Gymnocheta viridis Hartigiola annulipes Limonia tripunctata Mesembrina meridianum Mystacides azurea Pegomya solennis Phaonia rufiventris

Phasia hemiptera Phytomyza angelicae Phytomyza angelicastri Phytomyza chaerophylli Phytomyza illicis Phytomyza lappae Phytomyza lonicerae Phytomyza ranunculi Phytomyza spondylii Phytomyza vitalbae Rhabdophaga cinerea Rhagio scolopacea Scathophagus stercoraria Sialis lutaria Sicus ferrugineus Tephritis formosa Terellia virens Tetanocera elata Tetraneura ulmi


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HYMENOPTERA (ORDER) SAWFLIES (SUB-ORDER Symphata) 68 Taxa

Hawthorn Sawfly Trichiosoma lucorum Cimbex lutea Horntail Urocerus gigas Sawflies (and also the next few groups listed) belong to a huge order of the insects known as the Hymenoptera, which is usually identified as the Bees, Wasps and Ants, but of course includes much more, such as the parasitic Icneumonidae – although not the true flies. So sawflies are more closely related to the bees and ants than to true flies. The diversity in Ireland is high, with a list of 272 species. The most familiar species is the Horntail Urocerus gigas (above right) – a very large wasp-like species with ferocious looking appendages which are related to its egg-laying habits, rather than to defence or attack. References: O’Connor, J.P., A.D. Liston and M.C.D. Speight. (1997). A Review of Irish Sawflies (Hynmneoptera: Symphyta) including a checklist of species. Bull. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 20.

Abia sericea Allantus cinctus Ametastegia glabrata Aneugmenus padi Anoplonyx destructor Arge gracilicornis Athalia circularis Athalia cordata Brachythops flavens Caliroa varipes * Cimbex femoratus Cladius difformis Cladius pectinicornis Decanematus viduatus Dineura virididorsata Dolerus aeneus Dolerus picipes Dolerus sanguinicollis Empria excisa

Empria immersa Empria longicornis Endelomyia aethiops Eriocampa ovata Fenusa dohrnii Hemichroa crocea Monophadnus pallescens Nematinus willigkiae Nematus bergmanni Nematus ferrugineus Nematus incompletus Nematus myosotidis Nematus oligospilus Nematus pavidus Nematus ribesii Nesoselandria morio Pachynamatus obductus Pachynematus

clitellatus Pachynematus lichtwardti Pachynematus vagus Pachyprotasis rapae Platycampus luidiventirs Pontania pedunculi Pontania vesicator Pontania viminalis Priophorus morio Pristiphora melanocarpa Pristiphora pallidiventris Pristiphora ruficornis Profenus pygmaea Rhodogaster viridis Selanria serva Strombocerina delicatula

Strongylogaster lineata Strongylogaster macula Tenthredo arcuata Tenthredo atra Tenthredo balteata Tenthredo brevicornis Tenthredo colon Tenthredo livida Tenthredo mesomela Tenthredo notha Tenthredo obsoleta Tenthredopsis coquebertii Tenthredopsis nassata Trichiosoma lucorum Urocerus gigas Zaraea fasciata

APOCRITA (SUB-ORDER)

CYPHIPOIDEA (Super-family) GALL WASPS (Family Cynipidae) 10 Taxa

As with so many other groups of obscure species, the Donegal list largely comprises the commoner and more widespread species. This must be due, at least partly, to the closer surveillance given to counties closer to Dublin, Cork and Galway.


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References: O’Connor, J.P. (2004). A review of the Irish gall-wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with notes on the gall-midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and gall-mites (Acarina: Eriphyoidea). Ir. Nat. J. Volume 27 No. 9.

Andricus anthracina Andricus curvator Andricus fecundator Andricus kollari

Andricus lignicola Andricus quercusradicis Cynips agama Cynips divisa

Cynips quercusfolii Neuroterus quercusbaccarum

PROCTOTRUPOIDEA (Super-family) 24 Taxa

This is a superfamily of parasitic wasps. Note in the reference that there are no members of the companion superfamily (the Platygastroidea) recorded from Donegal. References:

O’Connor, J.P., R. Nash, D.G. Notton and N.D.M. Fergusson (2004) A Catalogue of the Irish

Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoindea (Hymenoptera). Occasional Publication of the Irish Biogeographical Society. No. 7.

Aclista alticollis

Belyta depressa

Belyta forticornis

Miota analis

Miota monilicornis

Aneurhynchus ariadne

Basalys abrupta

Diapria nigricornis

Entomacis penelope

Paramesius crassicornis

Platymischus dilatatus

Psilus cornutus

Psilus parvulus

Psilus submonilis

Spilomicrus crassiclavis

Trichopria aequata

Trichopria suspecta

Exallonyx ligatus

Exallonyx pallidistigma

Phaenoserphus gregori

Phaenoserphus pallipes

Phaenoserphus calcar

Proctotrupes gravidator

Tretoserphus perkinsi

CHALCIDOIDEA (Super-family) 10 Taxa

This is a superfamily of the Hymenoptera, with a large number of families and subfamilies present in Ireland. The total number of species so far recorded on the whole island is 457, yet only ten of these have been recorded from Donegal. Even more surprising is that six of the ten are known in Ireland solely on the strength of their single Donegal record (in bold). This suggests that many more species await discovery, not only in Donegal, but in Ireland as a whole. Given that there are 21,000 species known worldwide, there are plenty more to chose from.

References:

O’Connor, J.P., R. Nash and Z. Boucek (2000). A Catalogue of the Irish Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) Occasional Publication of the Irish Biogeographical Society Number 6.

Trechnites alni

Entedon pharnus

Tamarixia leptothrix

Gonatocerus ater

Theocolax formiciformis

Lamprotatus splendens

Gastrancistrus coactus

Stenomalina dives

Stenomalina illudens

Torymus geranii


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ICHNEUMONOIDEA (Super-family)

The Ichneumonoidea is a huge superfamily, with about 100,000 species known worldwide. The Irish species belong to two families, the Braconidae and the Ichneumonidae. They are all parasitic wasp-like insects, mostly laying their eggs within other insect species.

BRACONIDAE (Family) 35 Taxa

The five species in bold are those which are nationally rare, and could be provisionally regarded as Priority species. The Donegal record of Apanteles metacarpalis was new to Ireland in 1959, and remains so. There are two 1955 records of Protodacnusa litoralis, and although now known across Europe, these were the first discoveries of the species.

Alysia manducator

Alysia umbrata

Chorebus crenulatus

Chorebus cyclops

Chorebys flavipes

Coelinidea niger

Dinotrema denticulatum

Leptotrema detifemur

Phaenocarpa ruficeps

Protodacnusa litoralis

Ephedrus lacertosus

Ephedrus validus

Taxares deltiger

Bracon delibator

Bracon exarator

Bracon mediator

Bracon osculator

Ascogaster rufipes

Meteorus luridus

Meteorus pulchricornis

Meteorus punctiventris

Diospilus capito

Diospilus oleraceus

Homolobus annulicornis

Macrocentrus infirmus

Macrocentrus marginator

Apanteles falcatus

Apanteles metacarpalis

Microgaster messoria

Microgaster rufipes

Biosteres rusticus

Opius tenuicornis

Aleiodes circumscriptus

Aleiodes alternator

Aleiodes nigricornis

ICHNEUMONIDAE (Family) 258 taxa

With 258 Ichneumonid species out of the national total of 1135, Donegal is one of the better-represented counties, thanks largely to the collections made by Rev. W.F. Johnson at Coolmore and (to a lesser extent) Portnoo in the early decades of the 20th century. Of the 33 species (in bold) which are known in Ireland only in Donegal, all but two of them are from a single record - and most of those by Johnson. References: O’Connor, J.P., R. Nash and M.G. Fitton (2007). A catalogue of the Irish Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). Occ. Publ. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 10.

Agrothereutes abbreviatus

Alexeter segmentarius

Alomya debellator

Amblyjoppa fuscipennis

Amblyteles armatorius

Aoplus ochropis

Apophua genalis

Aptesis improba

Aptesis nigricollis

Aptesis nigrocincta

Aptesis subguttata

Aritranis director

Arotrephes speculator

Atractodes croceicornis

Atractodes gilvipes

Atroctodes exilis

Banchus palpalis

Banchus volutatorius

Baranisobas ridibundus

Barichneumon albicaudatus

Barichneumon anator

Barichneumon peregrinator

Barycnemis angustipennis

Bathyplectes infernalis

Campocraspedon caudatus

Campodorus dorsalis

Campoletis ensator

Campoletis viennensis

Campoplex difformis

Campoplex faunus

Casinaria ischnogaster

Centeterus rubiginosus

Ceolichneumon castaniventris

Chasmias motatorius

Clistopyga incitator

Clypeoplex cerophagus

Colpognathus armatus

Colpognathus divisus

Cosmoconus elongator

Cratichneumon culex

Cratichneumon fabricator

Cratichneumon fugitivus

Cratichneumon infidus

Cratichneumon jocularis

Cratichneumon semirufus

Cremastus spectator

Cryptopimpla errabunda

Cryptus dianae


75

Cryptus fibulatus

Cryptus minator

Cryptus titubator

Crytea sanguinator

Cteniscus devius

Cteniscus pedatorius

Ctenochira marginata

Ctenochira pastoralis

Ctenochira pratensis

Ctenochira sphaerocephala

Ctenochira xanthopyga

Cubocephalus brevicornis

Cymodusa cruentata

Cymodusa leucocera

Diadegma crassicorne

Diadegma fenestrale

Diaglyptidea conformis

Diaparsis nutritor

Dicaelotus pumilus

Didegma erucator

Didegma grisescens

Didegma insectator

Didegma latungula

Didegma litorale

Didegma majale

Didegma trochanteratum

Diphyus palliatorius

Diphyus triasciatus

Diplazon pectoratorius

Diplazon tetragonus

Diplazon varicoxa

Dirophanes fulvitarsis

Dirophanes regenerator

Dolichomitus tuberculatus

Dusona anceps

Dusona falcator

Dusona juvenilis

Dusona leptogaster

Dusona terebrator

Dusona vidua

Dyspetes praerogator

Ectopius rubellus

Endasys brevis

Endasys senilis

Endromopoda detrita

Eridolius aurifluus

Erigorgus cerinops

Erigorgus latro

Erromenus brunnicans

Exochus flavomarginatus

Exochus gravipes

Exochus nigripalpis

Exochus prosopius

Exochus tibialis

Gelis melanocephalus

Gelis ruficornis

Gelis rufogaster

Giraudia grisescens

Glyphicenemis profligator

Glypta bifoveolata

Glypta ceratites

Glypta cylindrator

Glypta elongata

Glypta fronticornis

Glypta lapponica

Glypta menurator

Glypta monoceros

Glypta parvicaudata

Glypta scalaris

Hadrodactylus villosulus

Hemiteles bipunctator

Heteropelma amictum

Himerta defectiva

Himertata sepulchralis

Homotherus locutor

Ichneumon amphibolus

Ichneumon bucculentus

Ichneumon caloscelis

Ichneumon cessator

Ichneumon confusor

Ichneumon emancipatus

Ichneumon extensorius

Ichneumon gracilentus

Ichneumon gracilicornis

Ichneumon inquinatus

Ichneumon melanotis

Ichneumon oblongus

Ichneumon sarcitorius

Ichneumon submarginatus

Ichneumon suspiciosus

Ichneumon xanthorius

Incheumon spurius

Incheumon stramentarius

Ischnus inquisitorius

Itoplectis alternans

Itoplectis maculator

Lagarotis debitor

Lagarotis semicaligata

Lathrostizus lugens

Limerodops subsericans

Linycus exhortator

Lissonota coracina

Lissonota dubia

Lissonota fletcheri

Lissonota folii

Lissonota fundator

Lissonota magdalenae

Lissonota proxima

Mastrus fumipennis

Mastrus ridibundus

Megastyles cruentator

Mesochorus brevipetiolatus

Mesochorus pictilis

Mesochorus vitticollis

Mesoleius aulicus

Mesoleptidea cingulata

Mesoleptidea prosoleuca

Mesoleptus laevigatus

Mesostenus transfuga

Metopius anxius

Metopius dentatus

Microleptes aquisgranensis

Microleptes rectangulus

Microleptes splendidulus

Netelia testacea

Ophion lutens

Ophion scutellaris

Orthocentrus marginatus

Perilissus lutescens

Perilissus rufoniger

Perilissus variator

Persipuda sulphurata

Phaeogenes planifrons

Phobetes atomator

Phradis interstitialis

Phthorima xanthaspis

Phygadeuon ambiguus

Phygadeuon dimidiatus

Phygadeuon dubius

Phygadeuon dumetorum

Phygadeuon exiguus

Phygadeuon fumator

Phygadeuon hercynicus

Phygadeuon infelix

Phygadeuon leucostigmus

Phygadeuon nitidus

Phygadeuon subtilis

Phytodietus astutus

Phytodietus polyzonias

Pimpla arctica

Pimpla flavicoxis

Pimpla turionellae

Pion fortipes

Platylabus curtorius

Platylabus vibratorius

Pleolophus basizonus


76

Pleolophus brachypterus

Pleolophus sperator

Polyblastus varitarsus

Polytribax arrogans

Polytribax perpicillator

Probles flavipes

Probles microcephalus

Probolus alticola

Promethes sulcator

Rhorus longicornis

Scambus brevicornis

Scambus calobatus

Scambus nigricans

Scambus planatus

Schenkia graminicola

Schizopyga circulator

Scopesis bicolor

Scopesis frontator

Scopesis gesticulator

Scopesis rufonotata

Sinophorus juniperinus

Sinophorus turionum

Sinophorus xanthostomus

Spilichneumon occisorius

Stenodontus marginellus

Stenomacrus lapponicus

Stilpnus gagates

Stilpnus tenebricosus

Sussaba cognata

Sussaba flavipes

Syndipnus lateralis

Synodites notatus

Syrphoctonus neopulcher

Syrphoctonus pallipes

Syrphoctonus pictus

Syrphoctonus signatus

Syrphoctonus tarsatorius

Theroscopus pedestris

Theroscopus rufulus

Thuamatogelis audax

Tranosemella praerogator

Triclistus globulipes

Triclistus niger

Tryphon brunniventris

Tryphon latrator

Tryphon signator

Tryphon thomsoni

Tryphoon obtusator

Tycherus ophthalmicus

Virgichneumon digrammus

Virgichneumon extremator

Virgichneumon monostagon

Vulgichneumon suavis

Xenelytus bitinctus

APOIDEA (Super-Family)

BEES (Family Apidae) 44 taxa

Bombus is the genus comprising the bumblebees, and Apis mellifera is the semi-domesticated Honeybee. The website http://www.tcd.ie/Zoology/research/Bees/index.php maps all the Irish species. Those marked in bold here are on a draft Irish Regional (i.e. National) Red List. They would therefore be automatically on any Donegal Priority List.

Andrena barbilabris Andrena bicolor Andrena cineraria Andrena clarkella Andrena coitana Andrena denticulata Andrena haemorrhoa Andrena subopaca Andrena tarsata Andrena wilkella Apis mellifera Bombus (P.) barbutellus

Bombus (P.) bohemicus Bombus (P.) campestris Bombus (P.) rupestris

Bombus distinguendus

Bombus hortorum Bombus jonellus Bombus lapidarius Bombus lucorum Bombus lucorum agg. Bombus magnus Bombus muscorum Bombus pascuorum Bombus pratorum Bombus ruderarius Bombus terrestris Coelioxys elongata

Colletes floralis

Colletes succinctus

Halictus rubicundus Lasioglossum albipes Lasioglossum calceatum Lasioglossum fratellum Lasioglossum leucopum Lasioglossum rufitarse Megachile versicolor Nomada fabriciana Nomada flavoguttata Nomada panzeri Nomada ruficornis Sphecodes ferruginatus

Sphecodes geoffrellus Sphecodes hyalinatus


77

BEETLES (ORDER COLEOPTERA) This is one of the largest Orders of insects, with many large families. Localised information on all of them is not available, but the Irish members of each family is found on the InvertebrateIreland Online website at http://www.habitas.org.uk/invertebrateireland/speciesstats.asp?Checklist=1 . GROUND BEETLES (Family Carabidae) 104 Taxa

The Ground Beetles are everyone’s idea of a Beetle. Those marked in bold are rare, and the most easily recognised species, the Tiger Beetle Cicindela campestris (bright green with yellow spots), is very scarce. The Irish list is on the Ground Beetles of Ireland website. http://www.habitas.org.uk/groundbeetles/splist.asp

Abax parallelepipedus Agonum fuliginosum Agonum gracile Agonum marginatum Agonum muelleri Agonum nigrum

Agonum piceum Agonum thoreyi Agonum viduum Amara aenea Amara communis Amara lucida

Amara lunicollis Amara ovata Amara plebeja Amara praetermissa

Anchomenus dorsalis Anisodactylus binotatus

Badister bullatus Badister sodalis Bembidion aeneum Bembidion atrocaeruleum Bembidion bipunctatum Bembidion bruxellense Bembidion guttula Bembidion lampros Bembidion mannerheimii Bembidion obtusum Bembidion pallidipenne Bembidion saxatile Bembidion tetracolum Bembidion tibiale Bradycellus caucasicus Bradycellus harpalinus Bradycellus ruficollis

Bradycellus sharpi Bradycellus verbasci Broscus cephalotes Calathus erratus Calathus fuscipes Calathus melanocephalus agg. Calathus micropterus Calathus mollis Calathus rotundicollis Carabus arvensis Carabus clatratus Carabus glabratus Carabus granulatus Carabus nemoralis Carabus problematicus Cicindela campestris Cillenus lateralis Clivina fossor Curtonotus aulicus Cychrus caraboides Dicheirotrichus gustavii Dyschirius globosus Dyschirius impunctipennis Dyschirius politus Elaphrus cupreus Elaphrus riparius Harpalus affinis Harpalus latus Harpalus rufipalpis Harpalus tardus Lebia chlorocephala

Leistus fulvibarbis Leistus terminatus Limodromus assimilis Loricera pilicornis

Nebria brevicollis Nebria rufescens Nebria salina Notiophilus aquaticus Notiophilus biguttatus Notiophilus germinyi Notiophilus palustris Notiophilus substriatus Ocys harpaloides Olisthopus rotundatus Paradromius linearis Paranchus albipes Patrobus assimilis Pelophila borealis Philorhizus melanocephalus Poecilus versicolor Pterostichus adstrictus Pterostichus anthracinus Pterostichus diligens Pterostichus gracilis Pterostichus madidus Pterostichus melanarius Pterostichus minor Pterostichus niger Pterostichus nigrita Pterostichus rhaeticus Pterostichus strenuus Pterostichus vernalis Stomis pumicatus Trechus obtusus Trechus quadristriatus Trechus rivularis Trechus rubens Trichocellus cognatus

ROVE BEETLES (Family Staphylinidae) 294 Taxa

The most familiar of these predatory and scavenging beetles is the Devil’s Coach-horse Ocypus olens, a large black insect which raises its abdomen like a Scorpion when threatened.

Acidota crenata

Aleochara bilineata

Aleochara bipustulata

Aleochara brevipennis

Aleochara curtula

Aleochara lanuginosa

Aleochara sparsa

Aloconota cambrica


78

Aloconota currax

Aloconota gregaria

Amischa analis

Amischa soror

Anotylus complanatus

Anotylus maritimus

Anotylus nitidulus

Anotylus rugosus

Anotylus tetracarinatus

Anthobium unicolor

Aploderus caelatus

Arpedium brachypterum

Atheta amplicollis

Atheta aquatilis

Atheta aterrima

Atheta atramentaria

Atheta atricolor

Atheta castanoptera

Atheta celata

Atheta clientula

Atheta corvina

Atheta elongatula

Atheta fallaciosa

Atheta fungi

Atheta graminicola

Atheta hepatica

Atheta hygrotopora

Atheta laticollis

Atheta longicornis

Atheta luridipennis

Atheta melanocera

Atheta nigra

Atheta nigripes

Atheta occulta

Atheta picipennis

Atheta sodalis

Atheta trinotata

Atheta vestita

Atheta volans

Atheta zosterae

Atrecus affinis

Autalia rivularis

Bledius annae

Bledius erraticus

Bledius fergussoni

Bledius fuscipes

Bledius germanicus

Bledius longulus

Bledius opacus

Bledius subniger

Bolitobius analis

Bolitobius cingulatus

Bolitochara obliqua

Boreophilia eremita

Cafius xantholoma

Callicerus obscurus

Carpelimus bilineatus

Carpelimus corticinus

Carpelimus fuliginosus

Carpelimus rivularis

Cordalia obscura

Coryphium angusticolle

Creophilus maxillosus

Cypha laeviuscula

Cypha ovulum

Cypha seminulum

Diglotta mersa

Diglotta submarina

Dinaraea angustula

Drusilla canaliculata

Emplenota obscurella

Encephalus complicans

Erichsonius cinerascens

Euaesthetus bipunctatus

Euaesthetus ruficapillus

Eusphalerum minutum

Falagria thoracica

Gabrius osseticus

Gabrius pennatus

Gabrius trossulus

Geostiba circellaris

Gnypeta carbonaria

Gymnusa brevicollis

Gyrohypnus angustatus

Gyrohypnus punctulatus

Gyrophaena gentilis Habrocerus capillaricornis

Halobrecta algae

Haploglossa nidicola

Heterothops binotatus

Heterothops dissimilis

Hydrosmecta fragilis

Lathrobium brunnipes

Lathrobium elongatum

Lathrobium fulvipenne

Lathrobium geminum Lathrobium multipunctum

Lathrobium quadratum

Lathrobium terminatum

Lesteva heeri

Lesteva longoelytrata

Lesteva pubescens

Liogluta longiuscula

Liogluta nitidula

Liogluta pagana

Lordithon exoletus

Lordithon lunulatus

Lordithon thoracicus

Lordithon trinotatus

Megarthrus denticollis

Megarthrus depressus

Metopsia retusa

Mniusa incrassata

Mycetoporus angularis Mycetoporus clavicornis Mycetoporus erichsonanus

Mycetoporus lepidus

Mycetoporus longulus

Mycetoporus splendidus

Myllaena brevicornis

Myllaena dubia

Myllaena infuscata

Nehemitropia sordida

Ocalea picata

Ochthephilus aureus

Ochthephilus omalinus

Ocypus aeneocephalus

Ocypus ater

Ocypus globulifer

Ocypus olens

Oligota inflata

Olophrum fuscum

Olophrum piceum

Omalium allardi

Omalium caesum

Omalium excavatum

Omalium laeviusculum

Omalium riparium

Omalium rivulare

Omalium septentrionis

Ontholestes murinus

Othius angustus

Othius laeviusculus

Othius myrmecophilus

Othius punctulatus

Oxypoda brachyptera

Oxypoda elongatula

Oxypoda exoleta

Oxypoda haemorrhoa

Oxypoda lividipennis

Oxypoda opaca

Oxypoda procerula

Oxypoda tirolensis

Oxypoda umbrata

Oxytelus laqueatus

Philonthus addendus

Philonthus albipes

Philonthus cephalotes

Philonthus cognatus

Philonthus concinnus

Philonthus cruentatus

Philonthus decorus

Philonthus ebeninus

Philonthus fimetarius

Philonthus furcifer

Philonthus intermedius

Philonthus laminatus

Philonthus longicornis

Philonthus mannerheimi

Philonthus marginatus

Philonthus nigrita

Philonthus politus

Philonthus puella Philonthus quisquiliarius Philonthus sanguinolentus

Philonthus sordidus

Philonthus splendens

Philonthus succicola

Philonthus tenuicornis

Philonthus umbratilis

Philonthus varians

Philonthus varius

Philonthus ventralis

Philorinum sordidum Phloeocharis subtilissima

Phloeonomus pusillus

Phyllodrepa floralis

Phytosus balticus

Platydracus pubescens

Platystethus arenarius

Polystomota grisea

Polystomota punctatella

Proteinus ovalis

Quedius boopoides

Quedius boops

Quedius cinctus

Quedius curtipennis

Quedius fuliginosus

Quedius maurorufus

Quedius mesomelinus

Quedius molochinus

Quedius nemoralis

Quedius nigriceps

Quedius nitipennis


79

Quedius picipes

Quedius puncticollis

Quedius scintillans

Quedius semiaeneus

Quedius semiobscurus

Quedius tristis

Rugilus erichsoni

Rugilus orbiculatus

Rugilus rufipes

Schistoglossa gemina

Sepedophilus marshami Sepedophilus nigripennis Staphylinus dimidiaticornis Staphylinus erythropterus

Stenus bifoveolatus

Stenus bimaculatus

Stenus binotatus

Stenus boops

Stenus brevipennis

Stenus brunnipes

Stenus canaliculatus

Stenus cicindeloides

Stenus clavicornis

Stenus crassus

Stenus flavipes

Stenus formicetorum

Stenus fornicatus

Stenus fulvicornis

Stenus fuscipes

Stenus geniculatus

Stenus glacialis

Stenus guttula

Stenus impressus

Stenus juno

Stenus latifrons

Stenus lustrator

Stenus melanarius

Stenus melanopus

Stenus nanus

Stenus nitens

Stenus nitidiusculus

Stenus ossium

Stenus pallitarsis

Stenus picipennis

Stenus picipes

Stenus pubescens

Stenus pusillus

Stenus similis

Stenus tarsalis

Stenus umbratilis

Sunius propinquus

Tachinus elongatus

Tachinus laticollis

Tachinus marginellus

Tachinus pallipes

Tachinus proximus

Tachinus signatus

Tachinus subterraneus

Tachyporus atriceps Tachyporus chrysomelinus Tachyporus chrysomelinus agg.

Tachyporus dispar

Tachyporus hypnorum

Tachyporus nitidulus

Tachyporus obtusus

Tachyporus pusillus

Tachyporus solutus

Tachyporus tersus Tachyporus transversalis

Tachyusa atra

Thinobius bicolor

Thinobius praetor

Tinotus morion

Xantholinus glabratus

Xantholinus jarrigei

Xantholinus laevigatus

Xantholinus linearis Xantholinus longiventris

Xantholinus tricolor

Xylodromus concinnus

Zyras collaris

Zyras limbatus

LADYBIRDS (Family Coccinellidae) 9 Taxa Ladybirds are instantly recognisable to everyone. They are only part of the Coccinellidae family, but having been recorded separately (e.g. http://www.habitas.org.uk/ladybirds/index.html ), they are listed here. The most common species is the 7-spot. The two species in bold are associated with wetland habitats and can be grouped with the Water Beetles.

7-spot ladybird Coccinella 7-punctata 10-spot ladybird Adalia decempunctata 11-spot ladybird Coccinella 11-punctata 14-spot ladybird Propylea 14-punctata

22-spot ladybird Thea 22-punctata

Cream-spot ladybird Calvia 14-guttata Larch ladybird Aphidecta obliterata Orange ladybird Halyzia 16-guttata Coccidula rufa

BARK BEETLES (Family Scolytidae) 5 Taxa

The species found in Donegal tend to be widespread native species. There are many exotic species which are found at or near ports which import timber, some of which become established and start to spread. References: O’Connor J.P., T.G. Winter and G.A. Good. (1991). A review of the Irish Scolytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Ir.

Nat. J. Vol. 23 No. 10.

Dryocoetes villosus Hylastes brunneus Hylastes obscurus Hylurgops palliates Trypodendron domesticum


80

WATER BEETLES 161 TAXA

This large sub-group of beetles is somewhat artificial. Some of the families, notable Dytiscidae, are entirely adapted to an exclusively aquatic lifestyle, with, for example, legs which resemble oars. Others, like Chrysomelidae, are essentially terrestrial, but with some members living around aquatic habitats e.g. on the above-water parts of aquatic plants. In these families, only the aquatic family members, or those associated with wetland habitats, are listed here. The conservation status of Water Beetles has now been evaluated. The six species in bold are on the Irish Red Data List. Plateumaris rustica, only known in Ireland at Portsalon, but not since 1913, is deemed Extinct. Helophorus arvernicus and Hydroporus longicornis are Endangered, and the others are Vulnerable, on a scale of: Vulnerable – Endangered – Critically Endangered – Regionally Extinct.

Foster, G.N., Nelson, B.H. & O’Connor, Á. (2009) Ireland Red List No. 1 – Water beetles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. LEAF BEETLES (Family Chrysomelidae - mainly non-aquatic)

Donacia clavipes Donacia crassipes Donacia impressa Donacia obscura Donacia simplex Donacia thalassina

Donacia versicolorea Donacia vulgaris Galerucella nymphaeae Galerucella pusilla Phaedon armoraciae Phaedon cochleariae

Plateumaris affinis Plateumaris discolor Plateumaris rustuca

Plateumaris sericea Prasocuris phellandrii

WEEVILS (Family Curculionidae)

Limnobaris dolorosa LONG-CLAWED BEETLES (Family Dryopidae)

Dryops ernesti Dryops luridus

DIVING BEETLES (Family Dytiscidae)

Acilius canaliculatus Acilius sulcatus Agabus affinis Agabus arcticus Agabus biguttatus Agabus bipustulatus Agabus guttatus Agabus montanus Agabus nebulosus Agabus paludosus Agabus sturmii Agabus unguicularis Colymbetes fuscus Dytiscus lapponicus Dytiscus marginalis Dytiscus semisulcatus Graptodytes granularis Graptodytes pictus Hydroporus angustatus Hydroporus discretus

Hydroporus erythrocephalus Hydroporus gyllenhalii Hydroporus incognitus Hydroporus longicornis

Hydroporus memnonius Hydroporus morio Hydroporus nigrita Hydroporus obscurus Hydroporus palustris Hydroporus planus Hydroporus pubescens Hydroporus striola Hydroporus tessellatus Hydroporus tristis Hydroporus umbrosus Hygrotus impressopunctatus Hygrotus inaequalis Hygrotus novemlineatus Hygrotus quinquelineatus Hyphydrus ovatus

Ilybius aenescens Ilybius ater Ilybius fuliginosus Ilybius guttiger Ilybius montanus Laccophilus hyalinus

Laccophilus minutus Nebrioporus assimilis Nebrioporus depressus Oreodytes sanmarkii Oreodytes septentrionalis Porhydrus lineatus Rhantus exsoletus Rhantus frontalis Rhantus suturellus Stictonectes lepidus Stictotarsus duodecimpustulatus

RIFFLE BEETLES (Family Elmidae)

Elmis aenea Esolus parallelepipedus

Limnius volckmari Oulimnius tuberculatus

WHIRLIGIGS (Family Gyrinidae)

Gyrinus aeratus Gyrinus caspius Gyrinus distinctus

Gyrinus marinus Gyrinus minutus Gyrinus substriatus

Gyrinus urinator Orectochilus villosus

CRAWLING WATER BEETLES (Family Halipidae)

Haliplus confinis Haliplus flavicollis Haliplus fluviatilis Haliplus fulvus

Haliplus immaculatus Haliplus lineatocollis Haliplus lineolatus Haliplus obliquus

Haliplus ruficollis Haliplus sibiricus Halipus wehnckei

MUD BEETLES (Family Helophoridae)

Helophorus aequalis Helophorus alternans Helophorus arvernicus

Helophorus brevipalpis

Helophorus flavipes Helophorus grandis Helophorus melanarius Helophorus minutus

Helophorus nubilus Helophorus obscurus Helophorus porculus

no common name (Family Heteroceridae)

Heterocerus marginatus

MOSS BEETLES (Family Hydraenidae)

Hydraena britteni Hydraena gracilis Hydraena riparia Limnebius truncatellus

Ochthebius auriculatus Ochthebius dilatatus Ochthebius lejolisii Ochthebius minimus

Ochthebius punctatus Ochthebius subinteger

MUD BEETLES (Family Hydrophilidae)

Anacaena globulus Anacaena limbata Anacaena lutescens Cercyon analis Cercyon convexiusculus Cercyon haemorrhoidalis Cercyon littoralis Cercyon melanocephalus Cercyon quisquilius Cercyon terminatus

Cercyon tristis Cercyon ustulatus Chaetarthria simillima Coelostoma orbiculare Enochrus affinis Enochrus coarctatus Enochrus fuscipennis Enochrus ochropterus Hydrobius fuscipes Laccobius atratus

Laccobius atrocephalus Laccobius biguttatus Laccobius bipunctatus Laccobius colon Laccobius minutus Laccobius striatulus Megasternum concinnum Paracymus scutellaris Sphaeridium scarabaeoides

SQUEAK BEETLES (Family Hygrobiidae)

Hygrobia hermanni

DIVING BEETLES (Family Noteridae)

Noterus clavicornis Noterus crassicornis MARSH BEETLES (Family Scirtidae)

Cyphon coarctatus Cyphon kongsbergensis

Cyphon padi

Cyphon phragmiteticola Cyphon variabilis Odeles marginata

Scirtes hemisphaericus


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CHORDATES (PHYLUM CHORDATA) VERTEBRATES (SUB-PHYLUM VERTEBRATA)

FISH (CLASS PISCES) 122 Taxa FRESHWATER FISH (18 Taxa)

The short list of freshwater fish include a number that migrate from saltwater to breed in freshwater rivers, These are the Allis Shad, Brown Trout (in its White Trout form), Eel, Salmon, Sea and River Lampreys and Smelt. Those shown in bold are of conservation concern, and indeed the Allis Shad and Pollan may both now be extinct. Allis Shad Alosa alosa Arctic Charr Salvelinus alpinus alpinus Bream Abramis brama Brook Lamprey Lampetra planeri Brown Trout Salmo trutta Eel Anguilla anguilla Minnow Phoxinus phoxinus Perch Perca fluviatilis Pike Esox lucius Pollan Coregonus autumnalis pollan

River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis Roach Rutilus rutilus Rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus Salmon Salmo salar Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus Smelt Osmerus eperlanus Stone Loach Barbatula barbatula Three Spined Stickleback

Gasterosteus aculeatus aculeatus

MARINE FISH (104 Taxa)

The marine list includes those species known to occur in inshore waters. Couch’s Goby is common in Mulroy Bay, but otherwise only found in two other Irish locations. The other two species shown in Bold are nationally rare. References: Minchen D. and M.J. Costello (1996) The Fishes of Mulroy Bay. Bul. Ir. Biogeog. Soc. No. 19

15 Spined Stickleback Spinachia spinachia

3 Beard Rockling Gaidropsarus vulgaris

5 Beard Rockling Ciliata mustela

Angler Fish Lophius piscatorius

Ballan Wrasse Labrus bergyita

Basking Shark Cetorhinus maximus

Bass Dicentrarchus labrax

Black Bream Spondyliosoma cantharus

Black Goby Gobius niger

Black Sole Solea solea

Blonde Ray Raja brachyura

Blue Shark Prionace glauca

Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus

Bluemouth Helicolenus dactylopterus

Brill Scophthalmus rhombus

Butterfish Pholis gunnellus

Coalfish Pollachius virens

Cod Gadus morhus

Common Goby Pomatoschistus microps

Common Seasnail(fish) Liparis liparis

Common Skate Dipturus batis

Conger Eel Conger conger

Connemara Clingfish Lepadogaster candollii

Corkwing Wrasse Symphodus melops

Corkwing Wrasse Crenilabrus melops

Couch's Goby Gobius couchi

Cuckoo Ray Leucoraja naevus

Cuckoo Wrasse Labrus mixtus

Dab Limanda limanda

Dragonet Callionymus lyra

Eckstom's Topknot Phrynorhombus norwegicus

Electric Ray Torpedo nobiliana

Flounder Platichthys flesus

Fries' Goby Lesueurigobius friesii

Garfish Belone bellone

Goldsinny Wrasse Ctenolabrus rupestris

Greater Pipefish Sygnathus acus

Greater Sandeel Hyperoplus lanceolatus

Greater Spotted Dogfish Scyliorhinus stellaris

Greater Weaver Trachinus draco


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Grey Gurnard Eutrigla gurnardus

Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus

Hake Merluccius merluccius

Halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus

Herring Clupea harengus

Homelyn Ray Raja montagui

John Dory Zeus faber

Leafscale Gulper Shark Centrophorus squamosus

Lemon Sole Microstomus kitt

Leopard-spotted Goby Thorogobius ephippiatus

Lesser Sandeel Ammodytes tobianus

Lesser Spotted Dogfish Scyliorhinus caniculus

Lesser Weaver Echiichthys vipira

Ling Molva molva

Long Rough Dab Hippoglossoides platessoides

Lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus

Mackerel Scomber scombrus

Megrim Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis

Monkfish Squatina squatina

Montagu's Blenny Coryphoblennius galerita

Ocean Sunfish Mola mola

Painted Goby Pomatoschistus pictus

Pilchard Sardina pilchardus

Plaice Pleuronectes platessa

Pogge (Hooknose) Agonus cataphractrus

Pollack Pollachius pollachius

Poor Cod Trisopterus minutus

Porbeagle Shark Lamna nasus

Portugese Dogfish Centroscymnus coelolepis

Pouting Trisopterus luscus

Red Bream Pagellus bogaraveo

Red Gurnard Aspitrigla cuculus

Red Mullet Mullus surmuletus

Reticulated Dragonet Callionymus reticulatus

Rock Cook Centrolabrus exoletus

Rock Goby Gobius paganellus

Sand Goby Pomatoschistus minutus

Sand Sole Solea lascaris

Sand-smelt Atherina presbyter

Saury Scomberesox saurus

Scad (Horse Mackerel) Trachurus trachurus

Sea Scorpion Taurulus bubalis

Shanny Lipophrys pholis

Shore Rockling Gaidropsarus mediterraneus Short-spined Sea Scorpion Myoxocephalus scorpius

Sole Solea vulgaris

Sprat Sprattus sprattus

Spurdog Squalus acanthias

Tadpole Fish Raniceps raninus

Thick-lipped Grey Mullet Chelon labrosus

Thornback Ray Raja clavata

Tompot Blenny Parablennius gattorugine

Tope Galeorhinus galeus

Topknot Zeugopterus punctatus

Torsk Brosme brosme

Transparent Goby Aphia minuta

Trigger Fish Balistes capriscus

Tub Gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna

Turbot Scophthalmus maximus

Two-spotted Goby Gobiusculus flavescens

Whiting Merlangius merlangus

Witch (Torbay Sole) Glyptocephalus cynoglossus

Worm Pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformis

Yarrel's Blenny Chirolophis ascanni


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AMPHIBIANS (CLASS AMPHIBIA) 2 Taxa

Common Frog Rana temporaria Smooth Newt Triturus vulgaris

Smooth Newt Triturus vulgaris Common Frog Rana temporaria

REPTILES (CLASS SAUROPSIDA) 2 Taxa

The Leatherback Turtle has only recently been recognised as Irish, in that it regularly and deliberately migrates to Irish waters, albeit in tiny numbers. It had previously been thought to be an accidental visitor. This largest of all the turtles is a globally threatened species.

Viviparous Lizard Lacerta vivipara Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback Turtle Dermochelys coriacea Viviparous Lizard Lacerta vivipara


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BIRDS (CLASS AVES) 321 Taxa

Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator

Five species have either become totally extinct in Donegal in recent times, or have more or less stopped visiting. There are 174 species which are residents or regular visitors. Finally 143 species are less than regular visitors but have arrived here as vagrants. There are several reasons for this vagrancy phenomenon, but in general terms, individual bird vagrants could all be described as having arrived by accident, never succeeding in establishing a foothold. So the total number of species on the Donegal list is 321. EXTINCT

As recently as the 1980s, several hundred Bewick’s Swans wintered each year in Donegal. Now they have all gone. Nightjars were summer visitors and probably died out in the 1960s. Grey Partridge were residents, and were last recorded in 1968, but may have survived unnoticed for a few years more. Only a dozen or two survive in Ireland as a whole. White-tailed Eagle and Golden Eagle were both exterminated in the early 20th century, but the Golden Eagle is in the process of re-introduction.

Bewick's Swan Cygnus columbianus Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra Grey Partridge Perdix perdix Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus White-tailed Eagle Haliaetus albicilla

RESIDENTS OR REGULAR VISITORS

The short list of species in italics, at the end of this list, are ones which do come to Donegal deliberately, but are less than regular i.e. not seen every year.

Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea Barn Owl Tyto alba Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle Blackbird Turdus merula Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica Blue Tit Parus caeruleus Brent Goose Branta bernicla Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Buzzard Buteo buteo Canada Goose Branta canadensis Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Coal Tit Parus ater Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Common Gull Larus canus Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Common Scoter Melanitta nigra Common Tern Sterna hirundo Coot Fulica atra Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Corncrake Crex crex Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Curlew Numenius arquata Dipper Cinclus cinclus Dunlin Calidris alpina Dunnock Prunella modularis Eider Somateria mollissima Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Gadwall Anas strepera Gannet Morus bassanus


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Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus Goldcrest Regulus regulus Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria Goldeneye Bucephala clangula Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus Great Northern Diver Gavia immer Great Skua Stercorarius skua Great Tit Parus major Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Greenland Wheatear Oenanthe o. leucorrhoa Greenshank Tringa nebularia Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Greylag Goose Anser anser Guillemot Uria aalge Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Herring Gull Larus argentatus Hooded Crow Corvus cornix House Martin Delichon urbica House Sparrow Passer domesticus Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus Jackdaw Corvus monedula Jay Garrulus glandarius Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Kittywake Rissa tridactyla Knot Calidris canutus Lapland Bunting Calcarius lapponicus Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Leach's Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus Linnet Carduelis cannabina Little Auk Alle alle Little Egret Egretta garzetta Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Tern Sterna albifrons Long-eared Owl Asio otus Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus Magpie Pica pica Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis Merlin Falco columbarius Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Mute Swan Cygnus olor Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Pheasant Phasianus colchicus Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba

Pochard Aythya ferina Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus Puffin Fratercula arctica Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima Raven Corvus corax Razorbill Alca torda Red Grouse Lagopus lagopus Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator Redpoll Carduelis flammea Redshank Tringa totanus Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata Redwing Turdus iliacus Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula Robin Erithacus rubecula Rock Dove Columba livia Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus Rook Corvus frugilegus Ruff Philomachus pugnax Sand Martin Riparia riparia Sanderling Calidris alba Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis Scaup Aythya marila

Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus

Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis Shelduck Tadorna tadorna Shoveler Anas clypeata Siskin Carduelis spinus Sky Lark Alauda arvensis Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus Snipe Gallinago gallinago Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Spotted Flycatcher Musicapa striata Starling Sturnus vulgaris Stock Dove Columba oenas Stonechat Saxicola torquata Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus Swallow Hirundo rustica Swift Apus apus Teal Anas crecca Tree Sparrow Passer montanus Treecreeper Certhia familiaris Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula Turnstone Arenaria interpres Twite Carduelis flavirostris Water Rail Rallus aquaticus Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Whinchat Saxicola rubetra White-fronted Goose (Greenland)

Anser albifrons flavirostris

Whitethroat Sylvia communis Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus Wigeon Anas penelope


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Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus Woodcock Scolopax rusticola Wren Troglodytes troglodytes Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella Balearic Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan

Brambling Fringilla montifringilla

Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea

Crossbill Loxia curvirostra

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea

Goosander Mergus merganser

Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis

Little Stint Calidris minuta

Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus

Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus

Pintail Anas acuta

Quail Coturnix coturnix

Sabine's Gull Larus sabini

Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus White Wagtail Motacilla alba alba

Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix

RARITIES

This long list comprises the bird species which arrive here more or less by accident (migrants blown off-course etc.) Many have been seen only once, but many others arrive here almost every year in small numbers. The majority are in between. The list also includes a very small number of naturally occurring hybrids, and species seen in the wild which are certain to be escapes from captivity (e.g. the Black Swan from Australia).

Albatross sp. Diomedea sp. American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica American Wigeon Anas americana American/Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica/fulva Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria Bean Goose Anser fabilis Bee-eater Merops apiaster Bittern Botuarus stellaris Black Brant Branta bernicla nigricans Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Black Swan Cygnus atratus Black Tern Chlidonias niger Black Wheatear Oenanthe leucura Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis Bluethroat Luscinia svecica Blue-winged Teal Anas discors Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis Canada Goose (small races) Branta canadensis ssp.

Canada X Greylag Goose Branta canadensis X Anser anser

Carrion Crow Corvus corone

Caspian (Herring) Gull Larus (argentatus) cachinnans

Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola Crane Grus grus Dark-bellied Brent Goose Branta bernicla bernicla Dotterel Charadrius morinellus

Eastern Jackdaw Corvus monedula monedula/sommerringii

Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus Fulmar (blue) Fulmarus glacialis (blue) Garden Warbler Sylvia borin Garganey Anas querquedula

Glaucous X Herring Gull Larus hyperboreus X argentatus

Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopus major Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Green Woodpecker Picus viridis Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides

Greenland Redpoll Carduelis flammea rostrata

Green-winged Teal Anas crecca carolinensis Gull-billed Tern Sterna nilotica Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus

Herring Gull (American) Larus argentatus smithsonianus

Herring Gull (Scandinavian)

Larus argentatus argentatus

Hobby Falco subbuteo Honey Buzzard Pernis apivoris Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus Hoopoe Upupa epops King Eider Somateria spectabilis Kumlien's Gull Larus glaucoides kumlieni Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla Little Gull Larus minutus Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus


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scolopaceus

Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus

Mealy Redpoll Carduelis flammea flammea

Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana Osprey Pandion haliaetus Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola Pallas's Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxus Pechora Pipit Anthus gustavi Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura Ptarmigan Lagopus mutans Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi Red Kite Milvus milvus Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisigena Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Richard's Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris Rock Pipit (Scandinavian) Anthus petrosus littoralis Roller Coracias garrulus Roseate Tern Sterna dougalli Rose-coloured Starling Sturnus roseus Ross's Gull Rhodostethia rosea Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus

Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Saker Falcon Falco cherrug Scarlet Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla Short-eared Owl Strix flammeus Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla

Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita tristis

Smew Mergus albellus Snow Goose Anser caerulescens Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca Spoonbill Platalea leucordia Spotted Crake Porzana porzana Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii Thayer's Gull Larus thayeri Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis

Tree X House Sparrow Passer montanus X domesticus

Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus White Stork Ciconia ciconia White-billed Diver Gavia adamsii White-fronted Goose (Russian) Anser albifrons albifrons White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus Wilson's Petrel Oceanites oceanicus Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Wryneck Jynx torquilla Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis


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MAMMALS (CLASS MAMMALIA) 46 Taxa

Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis Pipistrelle Pipistrellus sp. Irish Hare Lepus timidus hibernicus There are no recent records of Black Rat, Blue Whale, Northern Right Whale or Sei Whale, but all would have included Donegal (or its coastal waters) within their range in recent historical times. Priority Species are marked in bold.

Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus Pygmy Shrew Sorex minutus Whiskered Bat Myotis mystacinus Natterer's Bat Myotis nattererii Daubenton's Bat Myotis daubentoni Leisler's Bat Nyctalus leisleri Common Pipistrelle Bat Pipistrellus pipistrellus Soprano Pipistrelle Bat Pipistrellus pygmaeus Brown Long-eared Bat Plecotus auritus Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Brown Hare Lepus capensis Irish Hare Lepus timidus Red Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris Grey Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Wood Mouse Apodemus sylvaticus House Mouse Mus domesticus Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus Black Rat ? Rattus rattus Northern Right Whale ? Eubalaena glacialis Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus Blue Whale ? Balaenoptera musculus Sei Whale ? Balaenoptera borealis

Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata

Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus Cuvier's Beaked Whale Ziphius cavirostris Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis Harbour Porpoise Phocaena phocaena

Striped Dolphin Stenella caeruleoalba Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus

Atlantic White-sided Dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus

White-beaked Dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris

Killer Whale Orcinus orca Pilot Whale Globiocephala melaena Risso's Dolphin Grampus griseus Red Fox Vulpes vulpes Pine Martin Martes martes Irish Stoat Mustela erminea American Mink Mustela vision Badger Meles meles Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra

Common Seal Phoca vitulina Grey Seal Halichoerus grypus Walrus Odobenus rosmarinus Red Deer Cervus elephas Sika Deer Cervus nippon nippon Goat Capra capra


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© County Donegal Heritage Office, Cultural Services, Donegal County Council 2009

Documents

Biodiversity Species List for County Donegal (with priorities)