Catostylidae

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Catostylidae
Catostylus mosaicus, blubber jellyfish
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Scyphozoa
Order: Rhizostomeae
Suborder: Dactyliophorae
Family: Catostylidae
Gegenbaur, 1857
Genera
See text

Catostylidae is a family of jellyfish, their common name is fat-armed jellies[1]. Members of this family are characterized by their thick, sausage-like oral arms.[2] Members of the family Catostylidae are small marine jellyfish with domed bells. The eight short oral arms are broad and three-sided. These jellies do sting but usually only leave minor burns[3].

Biology[edit]

Catostylus mosaicus (Blue Blubber Jelly)

These jellyfish have 3 layers that make up their bodies. They have an inner gastrodermis that comprises the digestive cavity. The gastrodermis possesses a single opening that functions as a mouth and an anus. The middle layer is called the mesoglea; a jelly-like substance that is flexible and dense. The outermost layer is the epidermis; it contains the nerve net[4]. There is a network of branching canals linked with the primary ring canal, but these are not joined to the gastrovascular cavity except through the sixteen or thirty two radial canals. Some of these radial canals do not extend to the edge of the bell. There are eight sense organs, known as rhopalia, which have canals extending to the margin of the bell.[5] Numerous jellyfish in this family rely on zooplankton as a primary source of substance.[6]

Ephyra stage of development

These jellyfish swim in jerks by contracting their circular and radial muscles, which decreases the volume of water enclosed under the bell, before relaxing them again and repeating the sequence. They have no control over the direction of locomotion and drift with the currents and tides.[7] They come in many different colors the most common are brown, clear, and blue[3]. They are found around Africa, Australia, Spain, and South Asia. A few have also been spotted near the equator in the Americas.[8]Sunfish, tuna, spiny dogfish, and sea turtles feed on many jellyfish of the Catostylidae family[9].

Catostylidae jellyfish go through six stages in their life cycle. They go between both asexual (polypoid) and sexual (medusoid) generations. Their life cycle progresses from planula to scyphistoma to podocyst to strobila to ephyra, culminating finally in the medusa stage[10][4].

History[edit]

Catostylidae was first mentioned in 1883[11] by Carl Claus is his book Untersuchungen über die Organisation und Entwicklung der Medusen.[12]

Evolution[edit]

Within their phylum, Cnidarian, their eyes emerged separately on a minimum of eight occasions. Furthermore, the evolutionary trajectory of complex, lensed eyes diverge from other eye variations. Additionally, light-sensing behavior seems prevalent among them lacking eyes, indicating that their ancestors likely possessed scattered photoreceptor cells with light-detecting capabilities.[13]

Jellyfish Salad

Culture[edit]

In numerous ancient Chinese cultures, Catostylidae jellyfish have served as a great food source. During their medusa stage, the umbrellas of these jellyfish become edible due to them beginning to create collagen. They offer minimal carbohydrates and saturated fats in their composition, creating an alternative to traditional proteins. This tradition of including cooked jellyfish umbrellas in salads has spread throughout various Asian countries including Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia. Moreover, in recent years, some European nations have begun to explore this culinary practice as well[14][15][16].

Taxonomy[edit]

There are six known geniuses and twenty-one known species of Catostylidae. Limited information exists regarding all species within the Catostylidae family, primarily because some inhabit deep ocean environment, making them challenging to access for study. The ones that are seen are the ones that wash up on shore due to drifting with the ocean currents[7].

Genera[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Fat-armed Jellies (Family Catostylidae)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  2. ^ "Jellyfishes with fat oral arms (Catostylidae) on the Shores of Singapore". 2011-07-18. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  3. ^ a b "Blubber (Catostylus mosaicus)". SLS Beachsafe. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
  4. ^ a b Ph.D, Lindy Whitehouse (2020-12-03). "Jellyfish - Facts and Beyond". Biology Dictionary. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  5. ^ The Scyphozoan. August 2007 https://thescyphozoan.ucmerced.edu/tSAug07.html. Retrieved 4/30/24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  6. ^ "Blue Blubber Jelly". National Aquarium. 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  7. ^ a b www.drkrishi.com https://www.drkrishi.com/lander. Retrieved 2024-04-30. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ^ "Fat-armed Jellies (Family Catostylidae)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  9. ^ "Blue Blubber Jelly". National Aquarium. 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  10. ^ Pitt, Kylie A. (August 27, 1999). "Life history and settlement preferences of the edible jellyfish Catostylus mosaicus (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae)". Marine Biology (136): 269–279 – via ResearchGate.
  11. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Catostylidae Claus, 1883". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
  12. ^ Claus, Carl; Claus, Carl (1883). Untersuchungen über die organisation und entwicklung der medusen. Prag: F. Tempsky; [etc., etc.]
  13. ^ Picciani, Natasha; Kerlin, Jamie; Sierra, Noemie; Cannon, Johanna; Daly, Marymegan; Oakley, Todd (August 6,2018). "Prolific Origination of Eyes in Cnidaria with Cooption of Non-visual Opsins". Current Biology. 28 (15): 2413–2419. Bibcode:2018CBio...28E2413P. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.055. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ Raposo, António; Alasqah, Ibrahim; Alfheeaid, Hani; Alsharari, Zayed; Alturki, Hmidan; Raheem, Dele (September 8,2022). Poranguen, Stéphane; Duconseille, Anne (eds.). "Jellyfish as Food: A Narrative Review". Foods. 11 (18): 2773. doi:10.3390/foods11182773. PMC 9498191. PMID 36140901. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ Boco, Sheldon Rey; Papa, Rey Donne S.; Metillo, Ephrime B. (June 2014). "Abundance, size and symbionts of Catostylus sp. medusae (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) in Panguil Bay, Northern Mindanao, Philippines". Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. 8: 63–81 – via ResearchGate.
  16. ^ Raposo, António; Coimbra, Alice; Amaral, Luís; Gonçalves, Amparo; Morais, Zilda (August 2018). "Eating jellyfish: safety, chemical and sensory properties". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 98 (10): 3973–3981. Bibcode:2018JSFA...98.3973R. doi:10.1002/jsfa.8921. ISSN 0022-5142.
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