Enophrys
| Enophrys | |
|---|---|
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| |
| Buffalo Sculpin (E. bison) | |
| |
| Antlered Sculpin (E. diceraus) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Cottidae |
| Subfamily: | Cottinae |
| Genus: | Enophrys Swainson, 1839 |
| Type species | |
| Cottus claviger | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Enophrys is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Cottidae, the typical sculpins. These fishes are found in the northern and eastern Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy[edit]
Enophrys was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1839 by the English zoologist William John Swainson with its only and type species being Cottus claviger.[1] This species had been described in 1839 by the French zoologist Georges Cuvier from Kamchatka but it was later determined to be a synonym of Cottus diceraus, originally described by Peter Simon Pallas in 1787, also from Kamchatka.[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus within the subfamily Cottinae of the family Cottidae,[3] however, other authors classify the genus within the subfamily Myoxocephalinae of the family Psychrolutidae,[1] although others place the subfamily Myoxocephalinae within the Cottidae.[4]
Etymology[edit]
Enophrys prefixes phrys, meaning "brow", with en, ning "very", presumed to be a reference to the thick orbital ridge of the type species.[5]
Species[edit]
Enophrys contains 4 recognized species within it:[6]
- Enophrys bison (Girard, 1854) (Buffalo sculpin)
- Enophrys diceraus (Pallas, 1787) (Antlered sculpin)
- Enophrys lucasi (D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert, 1898) (Leister sculpin)
- Enophrys taurina C. H. Gilbert, 1914 (Bull sculpin)
Characteristics[edit]
Enophrys sculpins share the possession of plates along their lateral lines and some species have prickly scales underneath the lateral line. They also have a very long, sharp spine on the upper preoperculum and sharp spines on the nose.[7] The bull sculpin is the smallest species with a maximum recorded total length of 17 cm (6.7 in) while the largest species is the buffalo sculpin which reaches a maximum published total length of 37 cm (15 in).[6]
Distribution[edit]
Enophrys sculpins are only found in the northern and Eastern Pacific Oceans from the Sea of Japan to California.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Myoxocephalinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Enophrys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
- ^ Olga A. Radchenko; Irina N. Moreva; Anna V. Petrovskaya (2021). "The subfamily Myoxocephalinae of cottid fishes (Cottidae): Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships". Journal of Fish Biology. 99: 1857–1868. doi:10.1111/jfb.14886.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (22 October 2022). "Order Perciformes: Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Cottales: Family Cottidae (Sculpins)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2022). Species of Enophrys in FishBase. August 2022 version.
- ^ Matthew L. Knope (2013). "Phylogenetics of the marine sculpins (Teleostei: Cottidae) of the North American Pacific Coast". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 66: 341–349. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.10.008.
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