Phyllopsora

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Phyllopsora
Phyllopsora furfuracea in Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, Florida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Phyllopsora
Müll.Arg. (1894)
Type species
Phyllopsora breviuscula
(Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
Synonyms[1]
  • Callopis (Müll.Arg.) Gyeln. (1933)
  • Physcidia sect. Callopis Müll.Arg. (1883)
  • Psoromopsis Nyl. (1869)
  • Triclinum Fée (1825)

Phyllopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.[2] It was circumscribed by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1894, with Phyllopsora breviuscula assigned as the type species.[3]

The characteristics of a fossilized Phyllopsora, P. dominicana, found in Dominican amber, suggests that the main distinguishing features of the genus have remained unchanged for tens of millions of years.[4]

Description[edit]

The genus Phyllopsora is distinguished by its scale-like (squamulose) to almost leaf-like (foliose) body (thallus) that often has a distinct border (prothallus). Its reproductive structures, known as asci, have a unique feature: an amyloid dome and a narrow, cone-shaped central structure. The fruiting bodies (apothecia) of this genus are made up of highly gelatinized (jelly-like) fungal threads. These threads show no clear separation between the different structural layers of the apothecium, and this gelatinized texture is consistent throughout the central and marginal areas of the apothecium as well as in the supporting structures (paraphyses). The ascospores produced by Phyllopsora are small, with thin walls, and are typically not divided into separate compartments (rarely septate).[5]

Species[edit]

Phyllopsora isidiolyta
A: Phyllopsora africana; B: P. breviuscula C: P. buettneri

As of December 2023, Species Fungorum accepts 48 species of Phyllopsora:[6]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Synonymy: Phyllopsora Müll. Arg". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  2. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
  3. ^ Müller, J. (1894). "Conspectus systematicus lichenum Novae Zelandiae". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier (in Latin). 2 (App. 1): 1–114.
  4. ^ a b Rikkinen, Jouko; Poinar, George O. (2008). "A new species of Phyllopsora (Lecanorales, lichen-forming Ascomycota) from Dominican amber, with remarks on the fossil history of lichens". Journal of Experimental Botany. 59 (5): 1007–1011. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern004. PMID 18319239.
  5. ^ Brako, Lois (1991). Phyllopsora (Bacidiaceae). Flora Neotropica. Vol. 55. New York Botanical Garden Press. pp. 1–66. JSTOR 4393825.
  6. ^ Species Fungorum. "Phyllopsora". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  7. ^ a b c d e Kistenich, Sonja; Bendiksby, Mika; Ekman, Stefan; Cáceres, Marcela E. S.; Hernández M., Jesús E.; Timdal, Einar (2019). "Towards an integrative taxonomy of Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae)". The Lichenologist. 51 (4): 323–392. doi:10.1017/s0024282919000252. S2CID 202040137.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Timdal, Einar (2008). "Studies on Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Peru". The Lichenologist. 40 (4): 337–362. doi:10.1017/s0024282908007846. S2CID 85718866.
  9. ^ a b c d Timdal, E.; Krog, H. (2001). "Further studies on African species of the lichen genus Phyllopsora (Lecanorales)". Mycotaxon. 77: 57–89.
  10. ^ a b Mishra, G.K.; Upreti, D.K.; Nayaka, S.; Haridas, B. (2011). "New taxa and new reports of Phyllopsora (lichenized Ascomycotina) from India". Mycotaxon. 115: 29–44. doi:10.5248/115.29.
  11. ^ a b c d e Elix, J.A. (2006). "Five new species of Phyllopsora (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 59: 23–29.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Timdal, E. (2011). "The lichen genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in the West Indies". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 106: 319–351.
  13. ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Upreti, D.K.; Mishra, G.K.; Nayaka, S.; Ingle, K. K.; Orlov, O.O.; Kondratiuk, A. S.; Lőkös, L.; Farkas, E.; Woo, J.-J.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 10" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 62 (1–2): 69–108. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.6. S2CID 229155510.
  14. ^ a b Elix, J.A. (2006). "Additional lichen records from Australia 56". Australasian Lichenology. 58: 4–13.
  15. ^ Kondratyuk, S. Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J. P.; Upreti, D. K.; Mishra, G. K.; Haji Moniri, M.; Farkas, E.; Park, J. S.; Lee, B. G.; Liu, D.; Woo, J.-J.; Jayalal, R. G. U.; Oh, S.-O.; Hur, J.-S. (2016). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 5" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 58 (3–4): 319–396 [349]. doi:10.1556/ABot.58.2016.3-4.7.
  16. ^ Kaasalainen, U.; Heinrichs, J.; Renner, M.A.M.; Hedenäs, L.; Schäfer-Verwimp, A.; Lee, G.E.; Ignatov, M.S.; Rikkinen, J.; Schmidt, A.R. (2017). "A Caribbean epiphyte community preserved in Miocene Dominican amber". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 107 (2–3): 321–331. doi:10.1017/S175569101700010X. hdl:10138/234078. S2CID 134335842.
  17. ^ a b c Kistenich, Sonja; Bendiksby, Mika; Vairappan, Charles S.; Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wijesundara, Siril; Wolseley, Patricia A.; Timdal, Einar (2019). "A regional study of the genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia". MycoKeys. 53: 23–72. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.53.33425. PMC 6551344. PMID 31191113.
  18. ^ Coppins, B. J.; James, P. W. (1979). "New or interesting British lichens IV". The Lichenologist. 11 (2): 139–179. doi:10.1017/s0024282979000190. S2CID 131014773.
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