Viola nephrophylla

Viola nephrophylla
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Violaceae
Genus:	Viola
Species:	V. nephrophylla
Binomial name
	Viola nephrophylla; Greene
	Distribution of Viola nephrophylla
Synonyms
	Viola maccabeana ; M.S. Baker; Viola pratincola ; Greene; Viola retusa ; Greene;

Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet, Leconte violet, or kidney leaved violet) syn. Viola nephrophylla Greene f. albinea (Farw.), Viola pratincola Greene, Viola retusa Greene ) is an annual or perennial forb in the Violet family (Violaceae) native to North America.^[1]^[2]

Viola nephrophylla was named by Edward Lee Greene in 1896 from specimens he collected near Montrose, Colorado. The species name, nephrophylla, is from the Greek for "kidney shaped leaves".^[3]

Its habitats include moist meadows and open woods.^[2]

Conservation status within the United States[edit]

It is listed endangered in Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio, as threatened in New Hampshire,^[4] and as a special concern in Connecticut.^[5]

Native American ethnobotany[edit]

The Ramah Navajo use the plant as a ceremonial emetic.^[6]

References[edit]

^ "Viola nephrophylla". Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
^ ^a ^b Royer, France; Dickinson, Richard (2007). Plants of Alberta, Trees, Shrubs, Wildflowers, Ferns, Aquatica Plants & Grasses. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-55105-283-0.
^ Schneider, Al. "Viola". Southwest Colorado Wildflowers. Gothic, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
^ "Plants Profile for Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
^ "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015" (PDF). State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 15 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)
^ Vestal, Paul A. (1952). "The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho". Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology. 40 (4): 36.

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[rob-1] "Viola nephrophylla". Robert W. Freckmann Herbarium University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point. Retrieved 2010-03-10.

[:0-2] Royer, France; Dickinson, Richard (2007). Plants of Alberta, Trees, Shrubs, Wildflowers, Ferns, Aquatica Plants & Grasses. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Lone Pine Publishing. p. 269. ISBN 978-1-55105-283-0.

[3] Schneider, Al. "Viola". Southwest Colorado Wildflowers. Gothic, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. Retrieved 2010-03-10.

[4] "Plants Profile for Viola nephrophylla (northern bog violet)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 15 January 2018.

[5] "Connecticut's Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species 2015" (PDF). State of Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection Bureau of Natural Resources. Retrieved 15 January 2018. (Note: This list is newer than the one used by plants.usda.gov and is more up-to-date.)

[6] Vestal, Paul A. (1952). "The Ethnobotany of the Ramah Navaho". Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology. 40 (4): 36.

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