Hydrogen sulfide produced. Acid and gas from glucose. Characteris- ticall}', lactose is fermented in 7 to 10 days (sometimes earlier, sometimes in 3 weeks, rarely not at all). Salicin rarely fermented. Adonitol, dulcitol, inositol and sucrose not attacked. Methyl red test is positive. Acet.ylmeth.ylcarbinol not produced. Ammonium citrate utilized as a sole source of carbon. Urea not hydrolyzed. Serology: Ninety-seven serotypes, with their antigenic formulas, are listed by Edwards and Ewing (Identification of Enterobacteriaceae. Burgess Pub. Co., Min- neapolis, 1955, 89). These authors stress the strong serological relationship between this species and those in the genus Salmonella. Pathogenic for guinea pigs and rabbits. Comment: Kauffmann {Enterobacteriaceae. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 2nd ed., 1954, 147) proposed the generic name Arizona for the organisms in the Arizona Group but did not name a type species. Source : Isolated by Caldwell and Ryerson (op. cit., 1939, 245) from horned lizards, Gila monsters and chuckawallas. Found in snakes by Hinshaw and McNeill (Cornell Vet., 34, 1944, 248). Also reported by Ed- wards (op. cit., 1945, 513) and by Edwards et al. (Canad. Jour. Microbiol., 2, 1956, 281) from infants. Habitat: Apparently widely distributed in lizards, snakes and warm-blooded ani- mals. 4. Paracolobactrum coliforme Borman et al., 1944. (Para-coli, Stuart, Wheeler, Rustigian and Zimmerman, Jour. Bact., 4S, 1943, 117; Borman, Stuart and Wheeler, Jour. Bad., 48, 1944,361.) co.li.for'me. Gr. noun colwn the colon, here used in the genitive in reference to the specific epithet coli; L. noun forma appear- ance; M.L. adj. coliformis resembling (Escherichia) coli. Characters as for Escherichia coli Castel- lani and Chalmers except for consistently delayed fermentation of lactose. Source: Isolated from cases of human gastroenteritis. Habitat: Found in surface water, soil, grains and the intestinal tracts of animals, including man. Genus V. Alginobacter Thj^tta and Kdss, 1945.* (Thj0tta and K^ss, Norske Videnskaps-Akad., Oslo, IMat.-Naturv. Klasse, No. 5, 1945, 17; also see K&ss, Lid and Molland, ibid., No. 11, 1945, 15.) Al.gi'no.bac.ter. M.L. noun acidum alginicum alginic acid; M.L. mas.n. bacter the mas- culine equivalent of the Gr. neut.n. bactrum a rod; M.L. mas.n. Alginobacter the alginic acid (-decomposing) rod. Short rods which are motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Acetylmethylcarbinol production is positive although faint. Methyl red test is positive. Citric acid may be uti- lized as a sole source of carbon. Alginic acid and glucose are decomposed with the production of acid and gas; lactose is more slowly fermented. Non-pathogenic organisms from soil. The type species is Alginobacter acidofaciens K&ss, Lid and Molland. 1. Alginobacter acidofaciens Kass et Short rods occurring singly, occasionally al., 1945. (K&ss, Lid and Molland, Avhandl. Norske Videnskaps-Akad., Oslo, I Mat.- Naturv. Klasse, No. 11, 1945, 17.) a.ci.do.fa'ci.ens. L. adj. acidus sour; M.L. neut.n. acidum acid; L.v. facio to make; M.L. part. adj. acidofaciens acid- producing. in pairs or short chains. Encapsulated. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Gram-negative. Good growth on ordinary media. Gelatin: Good growth. No liquefaction. Agar colonies: Large, smooth, coniform. No pigment produced.
- Prepared by Prof. Th. Thj0tta, Microbiological Institute, University of Oslo, Oslo,
Norway, January, 1955.
