ISIZULU ~ ISINGISI ISIHUMUSHI NEZIFANISO (Thola igama lesiZulu olifunayo, elifanayo kanye noliwuzakwabo lesiNgisi njengoba linjalo.) AMABANGA 4 – 12 NANGAPHEZULU Makhosi B. Khoza (Dkt)
IsiZulu~IsiNgisi: Isihumushi nezifaniso amabanga 4 – 12 nangaphezulu. Abashicileli: Ukhokho innovations & Makhosi B. Khoza 31 Patricia Road Hillcrest, Durban 3610 Amalungeloshicelelo (copyrights): Ukhokho innovations & Makhosi B. Khoza Amalungelo agodliwe: Ayikho ingxenye yalena incwadi engakopishwa, ishicilelwe, ikhwezwe, igcinwe idluliselwe phambili noma ingaluphi uhlobo ngaphandle kwemvume ebhalwe phansiyasayinwa yilabo abanegunya lokwenza lokho benkampani okungo Makhosi Busisiwe Khoza kanye ne- UKhokho innovations . (All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without written permission of the publisher and the author. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims.) b
OKUQUKETHWE ikhasi 1. Usetshenziswa kanjani lona umuthombolwazi? c - f 2. Onkamisa (a, e, i, o, u) nokuhlakanipha kwabo njengeziqalo zamagama esiZulu………………………………… g - j 3. Ishadi longwaqasixhobo besiZulu……………………………… k - 4. Ishadi lokuhlelwa kwababizo ngokohlelo UZALO……… l 5. Ukhuhlelwa kwamagama esiZulu nokwethulwa kwamagama ahumushwayo, izifaniso zawo kanye nozakwabo besiNgisi…. m - p 6. Ikhasimagama (index) leziqalo q - c
1. USETSHENZISWA KANJANI LONA UMUTHOMBOLWAZI? Lona umuthombolwazi uhambisa ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuthi umufundiokhuluma isiZulu ngengolimi aluncela ebeleni akwazi ukufunda nesiNgisi ebeeluqonda kahle ulimi lwakhe lwasekhaya. Sikunika amagama ayizifaniso esiZulunawesiNgisi. Ulimi isiZulu lunone kakhulu. Ibizo elithi umuqala liphinde libizwengentamo. Elinye igama lomungani ubhululu. Kanti uma uqhathanisa ukunonakwesiZulu nesiNgisi kucishe kubambane. Okusho ukuthi ungadlala indimaenkulu ngokuthi ulwazi ulumi lwakho ukuze nalo lundlondlobalo, luchume lukhulenjengaso isiNgisi. Abantu abaningi sebeqala ukusijabulela kakhulu isiZulu ngobasebebonile ukuthi simunandi kangakanani uma bebuka imisebenzi noma imidlaloyaseshashalazini komabonakude.Lapha sifundisa ngendlela yokuqhathanisa. Siqhathanisa isiZulu nesiNgisi.Ngaleyo indlela sigcina sizifunda zombili lezi izilimi.Umuthombolwazi lona, uphinde ulandelanisa amagama ngendlela eholwawonkamisa futhi eyakhiwe ongwaqasixhobo abagaxwe onkamisa ngemumva.Uveza igama njengoba linjalo. Ayikho ingxenye yegama lesiZulu egwinywayo.Lena indlela entsha ihambisana neqondanqubo lolimi isiZulu eyakhelwe phezukwesethi yonkamisa amahlanu (a, e, I, o, u) nongwaqasixhobo abasukakowodwa bayogcina kwabahlanu (b, bh, chw, ntsh, ntshw) okumele bagaxweunkamisa ukuze bakhe umusindo noma iqanamusindo lesiZulu.Uzoqaphela ukuthi eceleni kwawo wonke amagama angamabizo kunomubhaloobhalwe ngokucambalala kanje: amanzi (UZL NC 7), lokhu okukubakaki kusho ukuthiibizo lelo lisesigabeni UZALO Noun Cluster 7 (UZL NC 7). Kusho ukuthi kumeleusebenzise itafula lwezigaba zamabizo UZALO oluqukethwe lapha ukuze waziukusebenzisa lelo ibizo ngendlela enohlonze yesiZulu.Wonke amanye amagama nawo abhaliwe kubakaki ukuthi aluhlobo lunilwegama. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni wazi ukulisebenzisa igama ngendlelaenohlonze futhi ephusile.Lena incwadi iwujulangqondo. Uyigxenye yemizamo yokubuyiselwakwenjulalwazi yaBantu abansundu eyahlukumezeka yonakala ngesikhathisohlwithomubuso ngaphansi kwengqubo ebizwa ikholoniyalizimu nobandlululo.Lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela esibhala ngayo yileyo esiqonda ukuba izokwenzaulimi isiZulu lundlondlobale, luchume, lukhule luze lukwazi ukuba lufundwenayizizwe ezihlukene emuhlabeni wonke jikelele. Ngakho-ke lena indlela entshaiyashenxa kancane kuleyo ebesifunda ngayo ulimi isiZulu. Umuzekelo owokuthiindlela imithombolwazi ebhalwe ngayo iyazigwinya iziqalo zamagama esiZulukakhulukazi amabizo, ondaweni. Lokhu kudala umonakalo omukhulu kakhuluolimini olandelayo: d
(a) Ukugwinywa kwesiqalo emagameni angamabizo nalawo angondaweni kubulala ubuhlakaninjula bonkamisa. Phela isiZulu sivamise ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwebizo namagama ayizenzo noma iziphawulo ngokuthi igama eliyibizo liholwe unkamisa othwele ubuhlakaninjula obumangalisayo. Bheka nansi imizekelo ibhala (wheelbarrow) nxa sisusa unkamisa wokuqala ‘i…’ kwenza bhala (write); ikhanda (head) uba yigama ‘khanda’ (fix) nxa kususwa unkamiso oyisiqalo; igama amanzi (water) nxa sisusa unkamisa oyisiqalo kuba yigama ‘manzi’ (wet). Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi kube nendlela ezokwenza ukuba igama livele njengoba linjalo ekulandelanisweni kwamagama. Igama elithi ikhaya (home) liyibizo kanti nanoma lihlobene negama elithi ekhaya lihlukile ngoba leli eseliveza unkamisa ‘e…’ selingundaweni.(b) Ukulandela uhlelomagama oluhambisa ngokuqalwa kukankamisa ‘a’ kuphethe ngongwaqa ‘z’ sibona kuyiko okubulala ulimi ngenxa yokuthi wonke amabizo esiZulu kumele aveze unkamisa othwele ubuhlakaninjula nxa lelo igama lingakaphazamiseki ngaohansi kwemibandela ethize yolimi. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlamvumagama zingamashumi amabili nesithupha (26) kanti futhi amagama angamabizo yiwo amaningi kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ibizo igama esiqamba ngalo okuthile, sisola ukuthi labo ababezama ukufunza uhlelomagama oluqhuba ngo-‘a’ kuya ku ‘z’ babona kumele zigwinywe iziqalo zamagama amabizo. Lokhu kwaba nomuthelela omubi ongaphezu kwalowo esesiwubalulile. Phela lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthola igama emithombenilwazi. Umuzekelo igama elithi indlu (house) ngokwalena ingqubo litholakala ngaphazi kwamaga aholwa ungwaqa ‘d’. Umangabe umuntu ofuna igama kunzima ukuthi alithole.(c) Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuhlela amabizo nazo zinomuthelela omubi ekukhulisweni kolimi ngenxa yokuthi kugcina lapho kungavezwa ukuba ibizo likusiphi isigaba. Sikusho lokhu ngoba ocwaningweni lwethu sithole ukuthi izigaba zamabizo esiZulu ziyishumi-nambili (12) kuphela. Kanti nxa kumele ulusebenzise ngendlela ehloniphayo lolu ulimi kumele wazi ukuthi igama likusiphi isigaba. Ngakho-ke siqome ukuthi wonke amagama angamabizo abhalwe eceleni ukuthi akusiphi isigaba ukuze lowo osebenzisa lelo ibizo alisebenzise ngendlela ngoba isigaba ngasinye sinesivumelwano saso, sinesabizwana saso, sinongumunini wokuqala nowesibibili waso njalonjalo.(d) Nxa igama singalazi ukuthi liwuhlobo luni asikwazi ukulisebenzisa ngendlela ehambisana nemithetho neqondanqubo lesiZulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu olimini isiZulu ukuba wazi ukuthi igama liwuhlobo luni ngoba lokhu kusitshela kabanzi ngokuthi igama lelo kumele lisetshenziswe kanjani enkulumeni. Umuzekelo nxa igama eliyisenzo liholwa unkamisa kunemibandela nemithetho ekumele ilandelwe ukuze lungadali inkinga ephikisana neqondanqubo yesiZulu. Umuzekelo amabizo asesigabeni sokuqala aqoka unkamisa ‘u…’ okumele agaxwe egameni eliyisenzo. Nxa lelo igama eliyisenzo linesiqalo esiwunkamisa e
lokhu sekudala inkinga ngoba olimini isiZulu akumele nakancane onkamisa balandelane egameni elilodwa eliphelele. Okusho ukuthi uma umusho wethu uthi: Umama (mother) + andisa (adds) + amanzi (water) = Umama uandisa amanzi. Lokhu sekuyinkinga yingakho unkamisa ‘u…’ ugcina uphendulwa wenziwe ungwaqa ‘w’ okwenza sithi: Umama wandisa amanzi (Mother adds water). (e) Indlela esibhala ngayo yileyo engahlanganisi amagama ngenxa yokugwinywa kwemisindo ethize nxa kukhulunywa noma kunqamulelwa. Umuzekelo imithombo eminingi nxa ibhala umulenze iyawugwinya unkamisa womusindo ‘mu’ okugcina kuba yigama ‘umlenze’ lokhu siyakuhlaba ngoba uma siwugwinya unkamisa ‘…u’ sesibulala iqondanqubo yolimi ehambisa ngamasethi anongwaqasixhobo abahlale begaxwe unkamisa ngemumva. Awukho umusindo wesiZulu ekuthiwa u ‘-mle’. Kuliqiniso ukuthi unkamisa ‘…u’ uthule nxa siphisa esikhathini esiningi, kanti ukuwuphimisa njengoba unjalo nako loko akunankinga. (f) Indlela ekufundwa ngayo isiZulu ibingakuqhakamisi ukuncika kwalolu ulimi ezibalweni nakwiqondanqubo lweSayensi. Sikusho lokhu ngoba ucwaningo lwethu likuveza obala ukuthi isiZulu kunzima ukusifunda usiqonde futhi usilandele uma ungezukusebenzisa iqondanqubo yemetamethiksi noma izibalo eziphelezelwa izinamba. Ukuze siqonde amabizo esiZulu kumele siwanike izinombolo. Ukuze siqonde ulimi isiZulu kumele sazi amaphethini amagama. Ochwepheshe bemetamethiksi bachaza lesi isifundo ngekokufunda kongolandelela amaphethini. Kanti futhi imetamethiksi ivamise ukuqondakala ngokuhlukanisa lokho okucwaningwayo ngamasethi. Lapha olimini isiZulu kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi imisindo yokwakha amagama alolu ulimi indlalelwa isethi yonkamisa abahlanu (a, e, I, o, u) kanje: ba, be, bi, bo, bu; cha, che, chi, cho, chu njalonjalo. Ukulandela lena indlela esthenzisa amathe nolimi phakathi kukangwaqasixhobo nonkamisa kwenza ukuthi singashiyi amagama athize ngaphandle afana nalawa nje (just), cha (no) njalonjalo.Ingqubo entsha yohlelomagama esiZulu ilandelanisa ngeziqaloeziwonkamisa nongwaqasixhobo abagaxwe unkamisa ngemumva. Iphindefuthi ihlele amabizo ngokumantanisa nocwaninga lolu ulimi ngohlelolwemethamethiksi. Lolu uhlelo silubiza.Ubuntu isiZulu Alphabetical Logic Order (UZALO) UZALO lundlondlobalisa luchumise izilimi zabaNtu, ubuNtu kanye nesiNtuukukhulisa uxolo nokubambisana kuluNtu lonke. f
2. ONKAMISA NJENGEZIQALO EMAGAMENI ESIZULU NOBUHLAKANI BAWO Onkamisa babaluleke kakhulu olimini isiZulu kunoma iyiphi indawo abakuyo. Phela yibo abahola amabizo olimini isiZulu. Onkamisa njengeziqalo emabizweni esiZulu, yibo abavamise ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamagama angamabizo nalawo ayizenzo. Ukususwa kukankamisa oyisiqalo kuyawuguqula umuqondo wegama. Ngebhadi imithombo yolwazi eminingini yesiZulu efena nezichazamazwi aziwuvezi umusindo noma iqanamusindo eliyisiqalo elihlale liholwa wunkamisa. Ukungavezi iziqalo kugxile esiqwini segama kwenziwa ukuthi wonke amabizo esiZulu anesiqalo esiwunkamisa. Njengoba onkamisa bebahlanu ezinhlamvinimagama ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha, abathize babona ukuthi kungcono ungavezwa umusindo oyisiqalo ngoba babefuna ukuphoqa ulimi isiZulu kwinqubo yokuhleka kwamagama u- a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, I, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z. Lesi isenzo sokugwinya onkamisa abayiziqalo kwacisshe kwalubulala nya ulimi isiZulu. Bheka nazi izibonelo eziwumuthelela omubi wokungawuvezi unkamisa oyisiqalo emagamenini esiZulu asehumushelwe esiNgisini: Ibizo isenzo Isitha (enemy) sitha (cover / hide) Isikela (sickle) sikela (cut for) Igeja (hoe) geja (miss out /be of target / skip /omit) Igula (calbash) gula (be sick) Ibhala (wheelbarrow) bhala (write) Ikhala (nose) khala (cry) Ukhula (weed) khula (grow) Ikhanda (head) khanda (fix) Uphahla (structure / framework) phahla (surround / circumscribe) Onkamisa njengeziqalo banemisebenzi eminingi. Ingakho siqhamuke nohlelomagama oluhlonipha noluchumisa ukubaluleka kukankamisa kulolu ulimi isiZulu. Bheka nansi imizekelo yokubaluleka nobuhlakani obuqukethwe wunkamisa oyisiqalo olimini isiZulu. a… 1. Unkamisa ‘a…’ njesiqalo ebizweni lesiZulu usho ukuthi lelo ibizo lisebuningini noma alibaleki. Ngakho-ke awekho amabizo esiZulu asebunyeni, anesiqalo unkamisa ‘a…’. Etafuleni elingezansi lohlelo lwamabizo esiZulu lwenqubo UZALO (UZL) uzofumanisa ukuthi wonke amabizo anesiqalo ‘a…’ asezigabeni ezimbili (UZL 7 kanye no-UZL 8.1)kuphela. Wonke asebuningini noma awabaleki. Awekho asebunyeni. Amabizo asesigabeni UZL 7 aneziqalo “ama…’ kanye no- ‘ame…’ kuphela. Izibonelo: amaqanda (eggs), amazwe (countries), amanzi (water), amehlo (eyes), ameva (thorns). Kanti no UZL 8.1 ‘aba…’, ‘abe…’ & g
‘abo…’. Izibonelo: abantu (people), abalimi (farmers), abangani (friends), abameli (lawyers), abenzi (doers), abongi (savers). 2. Unkamisa ‘a…’ uphinde abe isivumelwano sikamenzi noma ibizo lesigaba UZL 7 okuyikhaya lamabizo aneziqalo ‘ama…’ no ‘ame…’. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nxa usebenzisa ibizo elingumenzi elikulesi isigaba UZL 7 kumele ugaxe unkamisa ‘a…’ egameni eliyisenzo. Isibonelo: Amantombazane (girls) + ‘a…’ isivumelwano sikamenzi, UZL 7 + dlala (play) + ingqathu (skipping-rope) = Amantombazane adlala ingqathu. (The girls play a skipping rope). 3. Unkamisa ‘a’ oyisiqalo egameni lesiZulu uphinde ulekelele wonke amabizo aneziqalo ‘a’ kanye nesiqalo unkamisa ‘o…’ nxa kuphawulwa kanje: amanzi abandayo (cold water), abantu abadala (old people / adults), omama abahle (beautiful mothers), ogandaganda abasha (new tractors). 4. Isiqalo unkamisa ‘a…’ uvela egameni eliyisenzo uma liphikisa. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuthi isenzo sigaxwe unkamisa ‘a’ bese kuthi unkamisa ‘…a’ osemusileni wesenzo ususwe, endaweni yawo kufakwa unkamisa ‘…I’ kanje: (a) Ngiyahamba. (I am going) ~ Angihambi (I am not going.) (b) Izingane ziyacula. (The children are singing.) ~ Izingane aziculi. (The children are not singing.) e… 1. Isiqalo unkamisa ‘e…’ umongameli wamagama abizwa ondaweni ngoba yiwo oguqula amabizo uwenze ondaweni kanje: (a) Ibhasi (bus) = noun ~ ebhasini (in / at / to / from the bus) (b) Isikole (school) ~ esikoleni (in / at / to / from the school) (c) Amazwe (countries) ~ emazweni (in / at / to / from countries) 2. Isiqalo unkamisa ‘e…’ umupheleki wamabizo onke esiZulu aqalisa ngonkamisa ‘i…’ nxa sekuphawulwa kanje: (a) ingane encane (a small baby) (b) imali eningi (a lot of money) (c) izimoto ezintsha (new cars) (d) iqanda elibhoyiliwe (boiled egg) i… 1. Isiqalo ‘i…’ unkamisa ophakathi nendawo konkamisa bobahlanu uhola amabizo asezigabeni ezisebunyeni ezintathu (3) nezimbili (5) ezisebuningini: (i) UZL 2: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngonkamisa ‘i…’. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: igazi (blood), iqanda (egg), ijaji (judge). h
Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 2, yiqanamusindo ‘li…’. (ii) UZL 5: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘is…’. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: isisu (stomach), isandla (hand), isifuba (chest). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 5, yiqanamusindo ‘si…’. (iii) UZL 6: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘im…’ kanye no ‘in…. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: imbuzi (goat), imbongolo (donkey), imana (abundance), indlovu (elephant), inkawu (monkey). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 6, yiqanamusindo ‘i…’. (iv) UZL 9: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘iz…. Wonke asebuningini. Awekho asebunyeni kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: izimbuzi (goats), izimbongolo (donkeys), izindlovu (elephants), izinkawu (monkeys). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 9, yiqanamusindo ‘zi…’. (v) UZL 10: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘imi…. Wonke asebuningini. Awekho asebunyeni kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: imibuzo (questions), imibala (colours), imibhede (beds), imilenze (legs). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 10, yiqanamusindo ‘i…’. o… 1. Isiqalo ‘o…’ wunkamisa wamabizo asebuningini njengalawa omama (mothers), obaba (fathers), ogandaganda (tractors). Lawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 8.1 awumundeni owodwa nalawo anesiqalo ‘aba’, ‘abe’ kanye no ‘abo’ ngoba wonke asebuningini, anesivumelwano ‘ba…’, anesabizwana soqobo ‘bona’, anongumunini besabizwana sokuqala nesesibili ezifanayo okungo: bami, bethu, bakho, benu. 2. Unkamisa ‘o…’ njengesiqalo uphinde abe umuphelezeli wamabizo aqalisa ngonkamisa ‘u…’ kanje umama omuhle (a beautiful mother), ukudla okumunandi (nice food). u…. 1. Unkamisa ‘u…’ njesiqalo ebizweni lesiZulu usho ukuthi lelo ibizo lisebunyeni noma alibaleki. Ngakho-ke awekho amabizo esiZulu asebuningini, anesiqalo ‘u…’. Etafuleni elingenhla uzofumana ukuthi amabizo anesiqalo ‘u…’ asezigabeni ezisebunyeni mathathu (3). Kanti lawo angabaleki futhi angawamukeli neze amabizo asebunyeni nasebunginini mabili (2). Nazi izigaba zamabizo ezisebunyeni ezingawamukeli amabizo asebuningini eziqala ngonkamisa ‘u…’ (a) UZL 1.1: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngeqanamusindo umu …’ noma ‘um…’ kanti futhi wonke lawa ngamabizomuntu. Liphinde lamukele wonke amabizo anesiqalo ‘u…’ amukela isivumelwano sikamenzi unkamisa ‘u…’ ekumele abe sebunyeni. i
Wonke asebunyeni. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: umuntu (person), umuntwana (baby), umuzali (parent), umfana (boy), umfazi (woman). Amanye yilawa: umama (mother), ubaba (father), usisi (sister), ugandaganda (tractor), ubhejane (rhino). (b) UZL 1.2: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngeqanamusindo ‘umu’ noma ‘um…’. Umehluko phakathi kwawo nalawo asesigabeni UZL 1.1 ukuthi lawa angamabizonto. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: umulenze (leg), umuqala (neck), umuzimba (body), umulomo (mouth), umusa (kindness), umoya (wind) Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 1.2, yiqanamusindo ‘u…’. (c) UZL 3: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘u…’. Wonke asebunyeni noma awabaleki. Awekho asebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: uthando (love), usizi (sadness), uziso (aid / help), ubizo (calling), ubisi (milk). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 3, yiqanamusindo ‘lu …’. (d) Nazi izigaba ezimbili ezingabaleki futhi ezingamukeli amabizo asebunyeni nalawo asebuningini: (i) UZL 4: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘uku…’, ‘uko…’, ‘ukwa…’ no ‘ukwe…’. Wonke awabaleki. Awekho asebunyeni nasebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: ukudla (food), ukufa (death), ukona (wrong doing), ukwakha (construction / building), ukwenza (action / doing). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 4, yiqanamusindo ‘ku…’. (ii) UZL 8.2: Wonke lawa amabizo akulesi isigaba avula ngomusindo ‘ubu…’, ‘ubo…’, ‘utsha…’ no ‘utshwa…’. Wonke awabaleki. Awekho asebunyeni nasebuningini kulesi isigaba. Izibonelo: ubuso (face), ubuhle (beauty / goodwill), ububi (evil / wrong doing), ubusika (winter), utshani (grass), utshwala (liquor). Isivumelwano sikamenzi salawa amabizo asesigabeni UZL 8.2, yiqanamusindo ‘bu…’. Unkamisa ‘u…’ uphinde abe isivumelwano sikamenzi noma ibizo lezigaba UZL 1.1 kanye no-UZL NC 1.2. j
2. ISHADI LONGWAQASIXHOBO BESIZULU NGOKULANDELANA KWABO Owe… Ungwaqasix Owe Ungwaqasix Owe Ungwaqasix Owe… Ungwaqasix hobo … hobo … hobo 94 hobo 1 sh 2 b 31 j 61 ngxw shw 3 s 4 bh. 32 jw 62 nhl 95 r 5 s 6 bl 33 k 63 nhlw 96 sw 7 br 34 kh 64 nj 92 t 8 9 c 35 khw 65 njw 93 th 10 ch 36 khr 66 nk 96 11 thr 12 chw 37 kl 67 nkl 97 13 cw 38 klw 68 nkw 98 thw 14 ts 15 d 39 kw 69 nq 99 tsh 16 tshw 17 dl 40 l 70 nqw 100 tw 18 v 19 dlw 41 lw. 71 ns 101 vr 20 vw 21 dw 42 m 72 nsw 102 w 22 x 23 f 43 mb 73 nt 103 xh 24 25 fl 44 mf 74 ntsh 104 xhw 26 27 fr 45 mp 75 ntshw 105 xw 28 y 29 g 46 mv 76 ntw 106 yw 30 z gc 47 n 77 nw 107 zw gcw 48 nc 78 nx 108 gl 49 ncw 79 nxw 109 gr 50 nd 80 ny 110 gq 51 ndl 81 nyw 111 gqw 52 ndlw 82 nz 112 gw 53 ndw 83 nzw 113 gx 54 ng 84 p 114 gxw 55 ngc 85 ph 115 h 56 ngcw 86 phw 116. hh 57 ngq. 87 pr hl 58 ngqw. 88 q hlw 59 ngw 89 qh hw 60 ngx. 90 qhw 91 qw. k
2.1 AMAKHASI AMAGAMA NGOKONGWAQASIXHOBO. (Qaphela ukuthi kuqala amagama avula ngonkamisa ngokulandelana kwabo bese kugcina lawo amagama aqalisa ngongwaqa. Lapha ngezansi siveza insgixehmoubmonvgaw uakquath eosliav eulkau kthuiq iasliaq aelgoa smeegnami. Ba hoelikfua naamyaok lhikausliigpahmi aik (hinasdie.)x ) ungwaqasixhobo amakhasi ungwaqasixhobo Amakhasi b 1 -72 j 103 – 104 bh. 72 - 79 jw 104 bl 79 – 80 k br 80 -81 kh 111 – 116 c 81 - 84 khr 116 ch 84 khw 116 chw 85 kl 117 cw 86 klw 117 d 86 – 89 kw 117 -118 dl 89 – 90 l 118 – 122 dlw 90 – 91 lw. 122 dr m dw 91 mb 122 – 141 91 mf 141 -142 f 91 – 94 mp fl 94 mv 142 fr 94 n 142 – 144 g 94 – 96 nc 144 gc 96 ncw 144 – 148 gcw 96 nd Gl 96 ndl 148 Gr 96 148 ndlw 148 – 155 Gq 97 155 – 156 ndw gqw 97 ng 156 Gw 97 - 98 ngc Gx ngcw 156 gxw 98 ngq 157 – 161 H 98 ngw 161 -162 Hh 98 162 -163 98 ngx 163 – 167 Hl ngxw Hlw 98 – 102 167 Hw 102 nhl 167 102 – 103 - 168 – 171 l
amakhasi ungwaqasixhobo Amakhasi 171 s 217 – 263 ungwaqasixhobo sh 263 -270 nhlw 171 - 172 270 -271 Nj 172 shw njw str 271 Nk 172 – 177 sw 271 -272 nkl - 272 -275 nklw t 275 -282 nkw - th Nq 177 – 178 thr 282 nqw 178 – 180 282 -283 Ns thw nsw 180 283 Nt ts 283 -285 ntsh 180 -181 tsh ntshw 182 tshw 285 ntw tw 285 Nw 182 -185 v 285 -295 Nx 185 vr 295 nxw 185 vw Ny w - nyw 185 -186 x 295 – 299 Nz 186 xh 299 – 302 nzw xhw 302 -305 P 186 -188 xw Ph - 305 Q y 305 Qh 188 – 192 yw 305 -309 qhw - z qw. zw - R 192 309 -358 358 -359 192 192 -194 m 194 – 204 204 -211 211 -215 215 216 216 - 217
3. IZIGABA ZAMABIZO ESIZULU NGOKWENQUBO ENTSHA UZALO Ibizo igama esiqamba ngalo abantu, izinto, izilwane nanoma yini enegama ebonakalayo nengabonakali. Olimini isiZulu amabizo ahlelwa ngokwezigaba. Ngokwenqubo entsha UZALO ahlelwe ngokwezigaba eziyishumi-nambili (12). Ziyisithupha (6) ezisebunyeni. Yilezi ezilandelayo: (a) UZALO 1.1: Wonke amabizomuntu anesiqalo ‘u…’ angena kulesi isigaba isib. umuntu, umuntwana, umungani, umama, ubaba, uThoko, uThemba, (b) UZALO 1.2: Wonke amabizonto anesiqalo ‘um…’ angena kulesi isigaba isib. umunwe, umuqala, umuzimba, umulenze, umuzamo, umoya, umusa, umushado. (c) UZALO 2: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘i…’ kodwa awalandelwa imisindo ‘…si’ nongwaqa ‘m’ kanye no ‘n’. izibonelo iqanda, iqolo, iqembu, iqiniso, ibhala, ibheshu, ikhanda, ikhala, ikapisi, ivila, ibhasi. (d) UZALO 3: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo unkamisa ‘u…’ kodwa awalandelwa ungwaqa ‘m’ nemisindo ‘bu’, ‘ku’ kanye no ‘ko’ izib. Uphaphe, ubhaqa, uthando, uthuli, Ukhamba, ukhuni, ukholo. (e) UZALO 5: Wonke amabizo anesiqalo ‘isi…’ akulesi isigaba izib. Isinkwa, isitha, isitsha, isibaya, isitofu, isidwaba, isidina, isidingo, isikhathi, isikhala. (f) UZALO 6: Wonke amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘in…’ noma ‘im…’ izib. Inkawu, inkomo, inkukhu, inkehli, inkantolo, inkafunkafu, inkinga, inkosi, inkomishi, inkazimulo, imbali, imbewu, imbiba, imbongolo, imali, imoto. Ezinye zalezi izigaba ezisebunyeni ziyawamukela amabizo angabaleki ahambisana nemithetho yakuleso isigaba. Awekho amabizo asebuningini angena esigabeni esisebunyeni. Zine (4) izigaba zamabizo esiZulu ezisebuningini. Yilezi ezilandelayo: (a) UZALO 7: Wonke akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘ama…’ noma ‘ame…’ izib. Amazambane, amazinyo, amavila, amabhala, amabheshu, amaqanda, amaqembu, amanzi, amasu, amakhwapha, amehlo, ameva (b) UZALO 8.1: Wonke amabi akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘aba…’, ‘abe…’, ‘abo…’ noma ‘o…’ izib. Abantu, afafana, abafowethu, abelungu, abenzi, abongo, abomuthetho, omama, obaba, osisi. (c) UZALO 9: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘iz…’ izib. Izingane, izinto, izimpukane, izimpethu, izimpondo, izinsizwa, izandla, izono. (d) UZALO 10: Amabizo akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘imi…’ izib. Imiqala, imithetho, imibuzo, imishanelo, iminwe, imizamo, imibala. Ezinye zalezi izigaba ziyawamukela amabizo angabaleki ahambisana nemithetho yakuleso isigaba. Awekho amabizo asebunyeni angena esigabeni esisebuningini. n
Zimbili (2) izigaba zamabizo esiZulu ezisengawamukeli amabizo asebunyeni nalawo asebuningini. Lezi izigaba ziyikhaya lamabizo angabaleki. Yilezi ezilandelayo: (a) UZALO 4: Wonke akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘uku…’, ‘uko…’, ‘ukwa…’, ‘ukwe…’ izib. Ukudla, ukufa, ukudlala, ukwazi, ukwenza. (b) UZALO 8.2: Wonke amabi akulesi isigaba anesiqalo ‘ubu…’, ‘ubo…’, ‘utsha…’ noma ‘utshwa…’ izib. Ubuso, ubusika, ubuhle, ubungako, ubuzwe, ubomvu, ubomi, utshani, utshwala. Izigaba zamabizo zohlelo UZALO zibaluleke kakhulu ngoba zonke ezinye izingcezu zenkulumo zihambisa ngazo. Bheka nanti ishadi elikutshesa izigaba, iziqalo, izivumelwano, izabizwana, ongumunini bokuqala nabesibili. ONGUMUNINI WOKUQALA NOWESIBILI ISIGABA UZALO ISIQALO UBUNANI ISIVUMELWANO ISABIZWANA MINA THINA WENA NINA Um… Ubunye u… yena wami wethu wakho wenu (amabizomuntu (amabizom wami wethu wakho wenu 1.1 kuphela. Ubunye u… untu Isibonelo kuphela) 1.2 umuntu, Ubunye li… umuntwana, Ubunye Lu… 2 umumemli, 3 umungani njll) Amabizo Ku… wona angabaleki Si… (amabizonto) 4 kuphela i… wona Ubunye a… 5 u… Ubunye Ba… 6 Ubuningi Bu… lona lami lethu lakho lenu 7 Um… Ubuningi Zi… lwenu 8.1 (amabizonto Amabizo i… lona lwami lwethu lwakho 8.2 kuphela angabaleki isibonelo umuzi, kuphela kona kwami kwethu kwakho kwenu 9 umulenze, Ubuningi 10 umunyango njll) Ubuningi sona sami sethu sakho senu yona i… (all those that wona yami yethu yakho yenu bona ami ethu akho enu do not open with bona bami bethu bakho benu ‘isi…’, ‘im…’ & ‘in…’) zona bami bethu bakho benu u… (non-human yona zami zethu zakho zenu excluding those yami yethu yakho yenu with opening ‘um…’ & ‘u…’ that when in plural adopt ‘o…’) Uku…, uko…, ukwa…, ukwe… Isi… (some isa…, ise…, iso…) Im… & in… Ama…, ame… Aba…, abe…, abo… & o… Ubu…, ubo…, utsha…, utshwa… Iz… Imi… o
Nxa wenza umusho xhuma isivumelwano sikamenzi egameni eliyisenzo kanje: Umama (mother) pheka (cook) isipinashi (spinach) Umama = UZALO 1.1, isivumelwano sebizo umama = u… Ngakho-ke umusho uzoma kanje: Umama upheka isipinashi. (The mother cooks spinach) 5. UKUHLELWA KWAMAGAMA ESIZULU KULESI ISIHUMUSHI NESIFANISIMAGAMA Lesi isihumushi nesifanisimagama sihambisa ngeziqalo zamagama eziholwa wonkamisa ngokulandelana kwabo. Kuqala amagama aholwa wonkamisa bese kugcina lawo aholwa ongwaqa kungwaqasixhobo ngamunye. Okusho ukuthi amagama ngalilodwa liqala ngalawo avula ngonkamisa ‘a’ bese kulandela ungwaqasixhobo ngokulandelana kwabo ogaxwe unkamisa ngemumva ngokulandelana kwabo. Leli iphethini liyaphindwa kuze kuphele igama. Isibonelo njengoba unkamisa ‘a’ kungowokuqala ohlelweni lonkamisa, yiwo oza kuqala. Njengoba ungwaqasixhobo ‘b’ kuyiwo owokuqala enqubeni yolandelandiso lwezinhlamvumagama okusho ukuthi yiwo olandelayo usugaxwe unkamisa ofanele ngokulandelana kwabo kanje: Isiqalo isiZulu English translation aba… abalandeli followers abalobi authors / writers abangani friends …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… eba… eba steal ebangeni in / at a distance (2) in / from / at grade …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… eba… iba be e.g. iba nathi (be with us) ibalazwe map ibanga distance (2) grade …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… oba… obaba fathers obala in plain sight …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… uba… ubaba father ubala nothingness …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ba… bala count bamba hold basa make fire p
Nakhu ukulandelana kweziqalo zamagama ngezansi: …b… - b… obhu… bro… aba… ubhu… abru… eba… bhu… ebru… iba… ibru… oba… …bl… - bl… obru… uba… ublu… ba… abla… bru... abe… ebla… …c… - c… ebe… ibla… aca… ibe… obla… eca… obe… ubla… ica… ube… bla… oca… be… able… uca…. abi… eble… ca… ebi… ible… ace…. ibi… oble… ece… obi… uble… ice… ubi… ble… oce… bi… abli… uce…. abo… ebli… ce… ebo… ibli… aca… ibo… obli… eci… obo… ubli… ici… ubo… bli… oci… bo… ablo… uci… abu… eblo… ci… ebu… iblo… aco… ibu… oblo… eco… obu… ublo… ico… ubu… blo… oco… bu… ablu… uco… eblu… co… …bh… - bh… iblu… acu… abha… oblu… ecu… ebha… ublu… icu… ibha… blu… …br… - br… ocu… obha… ucu… ubha… abra… cu… bha… ebra… …ch… - ch… abhe… ibra… acha… ebhe… obra… echa… ibhe… ubra… icha… obhe… bra… ocha… ubhe… abre… ucha… bhe… ebre… cha… abhi… ibre… ache… ebhi… obre… eche… ibhi… ubre… iche… obhi… bre… oche… ubhi… abri… uche… bhi… ebri… che… abho… ibri… achi… ebho… obri… echi… ibho… ubri… ichi… obho… bri… ochi… ubho… ablo… uchi… bho…. ebro… chi… abhu… ibro… acho… ebhu… obro… echo… ibhu… ubro… icho… q
ocho… udlo… ucho… dlo… cho… ucwo… adlu… achu…. cwo…… edlu… echu… acwu… idlu… ichu… ecwu… odlu… ochu… icwu… udlu... uchu… ocwu… dlu… chu… ucwu… cwu… …chw… - …chw…. …dlw… - dlw… achwa… adlwa… echwa… …d… - d… edlwa… ichwa… ada… idlwa… ochwa… eda… odlwa… uchwa…. ida… udlwa…. chwa… oda… dlwa… achwe…. uda… adlwe… echwe… da… edlwe… ichwe… ade… idlwe… ochwe… ede… odlwe… uchwe… ide… udlwe… chwe… ode… dlwe… achwi… ude…. adlwi… echwi… de… edlwi… ichwi… adi… idlwi… ochwi… edi… odlwi… uchwi… idi… udlwi…. chwi… odi… dlwi… achwo… udi… adlwo… echwo… di… edlwo… ichwo… ado… idlwo… ochwo… edo… odlwo… uchwo… ido… udlwo... chwo… odo… dlwo… achwu… udo… adlwu… echwu… do… edlwu… ichwu… adu… idlwu… ochwu… edu… odlwu… uchwu… idu… udlwu… chwu… odu… dlwu… udu… …cw… - cw… du… acwa… …dr… - dr… ecwa… adra… icwa… …dl… - dl… edra… ocwa… adla… idra… ucwa… edla… odra… cwa… idla… udra… acwe… odla… dra…. ecwe… udla… adre… icwe… dla… edre… ocwe… adle… idre… ucwe… edle… odre… cwe… idle… udre…. acwi… odle… dre… ecwi… udle… adri…. icwi… dle… edri… ocwi… adli… idri… ucwi… edli… odri… cwi… idli… udri… acwo… odli… dri… ecwo… udli… adro… icwo… dli… edro… ocwo… adlo… idro… edlo… odro… idlo… odlo… xviii
udro… fro… afru… dro… fo… efru… adru…. afu… ifru… efu… ofru… edru… ifu… ufru… idru… ofu… fru… ufu… odru… fu… …g… - g… udru... aga… dru… …fl… ega… afla… iga… efla… oga… ifla… uga… …dw… - dw… ofla… ga… adwa… ufla… age... fla… ege… edwa… afle… ige… efle… oge… idwa… ifle… uge… odwa… ofle… ge… ufle… agi… udwa… fle… egi… dwa… afli… igi… efli… ogi… adwe… ifli… ugi… ofli… gi… edwe… ufli… ago… idwe… fli… ego… aflo…. igo… odwe… eflo… ogo… iflo… ugo… udwe… oflo… go… dwe… uflo… agu… flo… egu… adwi… aflu… igu… eflu… ogu… edwi… iflu… ugu… idwi… oflu… gu… uflu… odwi… flu… udwi… …gc… - gc… agca… dwi… …fr… - fr… egca… afra… igca… adwo… efra… ogca… edwo… ifra… ugca… ofra… gca… idwo… ufra… agce… fra…… egce… odwo… afre… igce… udwo… efre… ogce… ifre… ugce… dwo…. ofre… gce… ufre… agci… adwu… fre… egci… edwu… afri… igci… efri… ogci… idwu… ifri… ugci… odwu… ofri… gci… ufri… agco… udwu… fri… egco… afro… igco… dwu… …f… - f… efro… ogco… ifro… ugco…. afa… ofro… ufro… xix efa… ifa… ofa… ufa… fa… afe… efe… ife… ofe… ufe… fe… afi… efi… ifi… ofi… ufi… fi… afo… efo… ifo… ofo… ufo….
gco… gqo… agcu… agqu… egcu… ghwo… egqu… igcu… aghwu… igqu… ogcu… eghwu… ogqu… ugcu…. ighwu… ugqu… gcu… oghwu… gqu… ughwu… ghwu… …gcw… - gcw… …gqw… - gqw…. agcwa… agqwa… egcwa… …gl… - gl… egqwa… igcwa… agla… igqwa… ogcwa… egla… ogqwa… ugcwa… igla… ugqwa... gcwa… ogla… gqwa… agcwe… ugla… agqwe… egcwe… gla… egqwe… igcwe… agle… igqwe… ogcwe… egle… ogqwe… ugcwe… igle… ugqwe… gcwe… ogle… gqwe…. agcwi… ugle… agqwi… egcwi… gle… egqwi… igcwi… agli… igqwi… ogcwi… egli… ogqwi… ugcwi… igli… ugqwi… gcwi…. ogli… gqwi… agcwo…. ugli… agqwo… egcwo… gli… egqwo… igcwo… aglo… igqwo… ogcwo… eglo… ogqwo… ugcwo… iglo… ugqwo… gcwo… oglo… gqwo… agcwu… uglo… agqwu… egcwu… glo… egqwu… igcwu… aglu… igqwu… ogcwu… eglu… ogqwu… ugcwu… iglu… ugqwu… gcwu… oglu… gqwu… uglu… glu… …ghw… - ghw… …gr… - gr…. aghwa… agra… eghwa… …gq… - gq… egra… ighwa… agqa… igra… oghwa… egqa… ogra… ughwa…. igqa… ugra…. ghwa… ogqa… gra… aghwe… ugqa… agre… eghwe… gqa… egre… ighwe… agqe…. igre… oghwe… egqe… ogre… ughwe… igqe… ugre… ghwe… ogqe… gre… aghwi… ugqe… agri… eghwi… gqe… egri… ighwi… agqi… igri… oghwi… egqi… ogri… ughwi…. igqi… ugri… ghwi… ogqi… gri… aghwo… ugqi… agro… eghwo… gqi… egro… ighwo… agqo… igro… oghwo… egqo… ogro… ughwo… igqo… ugro… ogqo… ugqo…. xx
gro… ho… agru… ahu… egru… gxo… ehu… igru… agxu... ihu… ogru… egxu… ohu… ugru… igxu… uhu… gru… ogxu… hu… ugxu… gxu… …gw… - gw… …hh… - hh… agwa… ahha… egwa… …gxw… - gxw… ehha… igwa… agxwa… ihha… ogwa… egxwa… ohha… ugwa… igxwa… uhha…. gwa… ogxwa… hha… agwe… ugxwa… ahhe… egwe… gxwa…… ehhe… igwe… agxwe… ihhe… ogwe… egxwe… ohhe… ugwe… igxwe… uhhe… gwe… ogxwe… hhe… agwi… ugxwe… ahhi… egwi… gxwe… ehhi… igwi… agxwi… ihhi… ogwi… egxwi… ohhi… ugwi… igxwi… uhhi… gwi… ogxwi… hhi… agwo… ugxwi… ahho… egwo… gxwi… ehho… igwo… agxwo… ihho… ogwo… egxwo… ohho… ugwo… igxwo… uhho…. gwo… ogxwo… hho… agwu… ugxwo… ahhu… egwu… gxwo… ehhu… igwu… agxwu… ihhu… ogwu… egxwu… ohhu… ugwu… igxwu… uhhu… gwu… ogxwu… hhu… ugxwu… gxwu… …gx… - gx… …hl… - hl… agxa… ahla… egxa… …h… - h… ehla… igxa… aha… ihla… ogxa… eha… ohla… ugxa… iha… uhla… gxa… oha… hla… agxe… uha… ahle… egxe… ha… ehle… igxe… ahe… ihle… ogxe… ehe… ohle… ugxe… ihe… uhle… gxe… ohe… hle… agxi… uhe… ahli… egxi… he… ehli… igxi… ahi… ihli… ogxi… ehi… ohli… ugxi… ihi… uhli… gxi… ohi… hli… agxo… uhi… ahlo…. egxo… hi… ehlo… igxo… aho… ihlo… ogxo… eho… ohlo… ugxo… iho… uhlo… oho… uho… xxi
hlo… hwo… jo… ahlu… aju… ehlu… ahwu… eju… ihlu… ehwu… iju… ohlu… oju… uhlu… ihwu… uju… hlu… ohwu… ju… uhwu… …hlw… - hlw… …jw… - jw… ahlwa… hwu… ajwa… ehlwa… ejwa… ihlwa… ijwa… ohlwa… …hw… - hw…. ojwa… uhlwa… ujwa… hlwa… ahwa… jwa… ahlwe… ehwa… ajwe… ehlwe… ejwe… ihlwe… ihwa… ijwe… ohlwe… ojwe… uhlwe…. ohwa… ujwe… hlwe… uhwa… jwe… ahlwi… ajwi… ehlwi… hwa… ejwi… ihlwi… ahwe… ijwi… ohlwi… ojwi… uhlwi…. ehwe… ujwi… hlwi… jwi… ahlwo… ihwe… ajwo…. ehlwo… ohwe… ejwo… ihlwo… ijwo… ohlwo… uhwe… ojwo… uhlwo… ujwo…. hlwo… hwe… jwo… ahlwu… ahwi… ajwu… ehlwu… ejwu… ihlwu… ehwi… ijwu… ohlwu… ojwu… uhlwu… ihwi… ujwu… hlwu… ohwi… jwu… uhwi… …hw… - hw… hwi… …k… - k… ahwa… aka… ehwa… ahwo… eka… ihwa… ika… ohwa… ehwo… oka… uhwa… ihwo… uka… hwa… ka… ahwe… ohwo… ake… ehwe… eke… ihwe… uhwo…. ike… ohwe… hwo… oke… uhwe…. uke… hwe… ahwu… ke… ahwi… aki…. ehwi… ehwu… eki… ihwi… ihwu… iki… ohwi… oki… uhwi… ohwu… uki…. hwi… uhwu… ki… ahwo… ako… ehwo… hwu… eko… ihwo… iko… ohwo… …j… - j… oko… uhwo… uko… aja… xxii eja… ija… oja… uja… ja… aje…. eje… ije… oje… uje… je… aji… eji… iji… oji… uji… ji… ajo… ejo… ijo… ojo… ujo…
ko… klo… aku… aklu… eku… khro…… eklu… iku… akhru… iklu… oku… ekhru… oklu… uku…. ikhru… uklu… ku… okhru… klu… ukhru… khru… …kh… - kh… …klw… akha… aklwa… ekha… …khw… - khw… eklwa… ikha… akhwa… iklwa… okha… ekhwa… oklwa… ukha… ikhwa… uklwa… kha… okhwa… klwa… akhe… ukhwa… aklwe… ekhe… khwa… eklwe… ikhe… akhwe… iklwe… okhe… ekhwe… oklwe… ukhe… ikhwe… uklwe… khe… okhwe… klwe… akhi… ukhwe… aklwi… ekhi… khwe… eklwi… ikhi… akhwi… iklwi… okhi… ekhwi… oklwi… ukhi… ikhwi… uklwi… khi… okhwi… klwi… akho… ukhwi… aklwo… ekho… khwi… eklwo… ikho… akhwo… iklwo… okho… ekhwo… oklwo… ukho… ikhwo… uklwo… kho… okhwo… klwo…. akhu… ukhwo... aklwu… ekhu… khwo… eklwu… ikhu… akhwu…. iklwu…… okhu… ekhwu… oklwu… ukhu… ikhwu… uklwu… khu… okhwu… klwu… ukhwu… khwu… …kw… - kw… …khr… - khr… akwa… akhra… ekwa… ekhra… …kl… - kl… ikwa… ikhra… akla… okwa… okhra… ekla… ukwa… ukhra…. ikla… kwa… khra… okla… akwe… akhre… ukla… ekwe… ekhre… kla… ikwe… ikhre… akle… okwe… okhre… ekle… ukwe… ukhre… ikle… kwe… khre… okle… akwi… akhri… ukle… ekwi… ekhri… kle… ikwi… ikhri… akli… okwi… okhri… ekli… ukwi… ukhri… ikli… kwi… khri… okli… akwo… akhro… ukli… ekwo… ekhro… kli… ikwo… ikhro… aklo… okwo… okhro… eklo… ukwo… ukhro… iklo… oklo… xxiii uklo…
kwo… mbo… ambu… akwu… lwo… embu… ekwu… alwu… imbu… elwu… ombu… ikwu… ilwu… umbu… okwu… olwu… mbu… ulwu… ukwu… lwu… …mf… - mf… kwu… amfa… …m… - m… emfa… ama… imfa… …l… - l… ema… omfa… ima… umfa… ala… oma… mfa… ela… uma… amfe… ma… emfe… ila… ame…. imfe… eme… omfe… ola… ime… umfe… ula… ome… mfe… ume… amfi…. la… me… emfi… ale… ami… imfi… emi… omfi… ele… imi… ufi… omi… mfi… ile… ui… amfo… ole… mi… emfo… amo… imfo… ule… emo… omfo… imo… umfo… le… omo… mfo… ali… umo… amfu… mo… emfu… eli… amu… imfu… emu… omfu… ili… imu… umfu… oli… omu… mfu… umu… uli… mu… li…. …mp… ampa… alo… …mb…. – mb… empa… amba… impa… elo… emba… ompa… ilo… imba… umpa… omba… mpa… olo… umba… ampe… mba… empe… ulo… ambe…. impe… lo…. embe… ompe… imbe… umpe… alu… ombe… mpe… umbe… ampi… elu… mbe… emi… ilu… ambi… impi… embi… ompi… olu… imbi… umpi… ulu… ompi… mpi… umbi… ampo… lu… mbi… empo… ambo… impo… embo… ompo… …lw… - lw… imbo… umpo… ombo… alwa… umbo… xxiv elwa… ilwa… olwa… ulwa… lwa… alwe…. elwe… ilwe… olwe… ulwe… lwe… alwi… elwi… ilwi… olwi… ulwi.. lwi… alwo… elwo… ilwo… olwo… ulwo…
mpo… ancwu… ampu… encwu… empu… no… incwu… impu… anu… oncwu… ompu… enu… uncwu… umpu… inu… ncwu… mpu… onu… unu… nu… …nd… - nd… …mv… - mv… anda… amva… enda… emva… …nc… - nc… inda… imva… anca… onda… omva… enca… unda… umva… inca… nda… mva… onca… ande… amve… unca… ende… emve… nca… inde… imve… ance… onde… omve… ence… unde… umve… ince… nde… mve… once… andi… amvi… unce… endi… emvi… nce… indi… imvi… anci… ondi… omvi… enci… undi… uvi… inci… ndi… mvi… onci… ando… amvo… unci… endo… emvo… nci… indo… imvo… anco… ondo… omvo… enco… undo… umvo… inco… ndo…. mvo… onco… andu… amvu… unco… endu… emvu… nco… indu… imvu… ancu… ondu… omvu… encu… undu… umvu… incu… ndu… mvu… oncu… uncu… …ndw… - ndw… ncu… andwa… …n… - n… endwa… ana… …ncw… - ncw… indwa… ena… ancwa… ondwa… ina… encwa… undwa… ona… incwa… ndwa… una… oncwa… andwe… na… uncwa… endwe… ane… ncwa… indwe… ene… ancwe… ondwe… ine… encwe… undwe… one… incwe… ndwe… une… oncwe… andwi… ne… uncwe… endwi… ani… ncwe… indwi… eni… ancwi… ondwi… ini… encwi… undwi… oni… incwi… ndwi… uni… oncwi… andwo… ni… uncwi… endwo… ano… ncwi… indwo… eno… ancwo… ondwo… ino… encwo… undwo… ono… incwo… ndwo… uno… oncwo… andwu… uncwo… ncwo… xxv
endwu… ingqu… indwu… ongqu… ondwu… engcu… ungqu… undwu… ingcu… ngqu… ndwu… ongcu… ungcu… ngcu… …ngqw… - ngqw… …ng… - ng… angqwa… anga… engqwa… enga… …ngcw… - ngcw… ingqwa… inga… angcwa… ongqwa… onga… engcwa… ungqwa… unga… ingcwa… ngqwa… nga… ongcwa… angqwe… ange… ungcwa… engqwe… enge… ngcwa… ingqwe… inge… angcwe… ongqwe… onge… engcwe… ungqwe… unge… ingcwe… ngqwe… nge… ongcwe… angqwi… angi… ungcwe… engqwi… engi… ngcwe… ingqwi… ingi… angcwi… ongqwi… ongi… engcwi… ungqwi… ungi… ingcwi… ngqwi… ngi… ongcwi… angqwo… ango… ungcwi… engqwo… engo… ngcwi… ingqwo… ingo… angcwo… ongqwo… ongo… engcwo… ungqwo… ungo… ingcwo… ngqwo… ngo… ongcwo… angqwu… angu… ungcwo… engqwu… engu… ngcwo… ingqwu… ingu… angcwu… ongqwu… ongu… engcwu… ungqwu… ungu… ingcwu… ngqwu… ngu… ongcwu… ungcwu… ngcwu… …ngw… - ngw… …ngc… - ngc… angwa… angca… …ngq… - mgq… engwa… engca… angqa… ingwa… ingca… engqa… ongwa… ongca… ingqa… ungwa… ungca… ongqa… ngwa… ngca… ungqa… angwe… angce… ngqa… engwe… engce… angqe… ingwe… ingce… engqe… ongwe… ongce… ingqe… ungwe… ungce… ongqe… ngwe… ngce… ungqe… angwi… angci… ngqe… engwi… engci… angqi… ingwi… ingci… engqi… ongwi… ongci… ingqi… ungwi… ungci… ongqi… ngwi… ngci… ungqi… angwo… angco… ngqi… engwo… engco… angqo… ingwo… ingco… engqo… ongwo… ongco… ingqo… ungwo… ungco… ongqo… ngwo…. ngco… ungqo… angwu… angcu… ngqo… engwu… angqu… engqu… xxvi
ingwu… inhlwu… ongwu… onhlwu… ungwu… ingxwu… unhlwu… ngwu… ongxwu… nhlwu… ungxwu… ngxwu… …ngx… - ngx… …nj… - nj… angxa… anja… engxa… …nhl… - nhl… enja… ingxa… anhla… inja… ongxa… enhla… onja… ungxa… inhla… unja… ngxa… onhla… nja… angxe… unhla… anje… engxe… nhla… enje… ingxe… anhle… inje… ongxe… enhle… onje… ungxe… inhle… unje… ngxe… onhle… nje… angxi… unhle… anji… engxi… nhle… enji… ingxi… anhli… inji… ongxi… enhli… onji… ungxi… inhli… unji… ngxi… onhli… nji… angxo… unhli… anjo… engxo… nhli… enjo… ingxo… anhlo… injo… ongxo… enhlo… onjo… ungxo… inhlo… unjo… ngxo… onhlo… njo… angxu… unhlo… anju… engxu… nhlo… enju… ingxu… anhlu… inju… ongxu… enhlu… onju… ungxu… inhlu… unju… ngxu… onhlu… nju… unhlu…. nhlu… …ngxw… - ngxw… …njw… - njw… angxwa… anjwa… engxwa… …nhlw… - nhlw… enjwa… ingxwa… anhlwa… injwa… ongxwa… enhlwa… onjwa… ungxwa… inhlwa… unjwa… ngxwa… onhlwa… njwa… angxwe… unhlwa… anjwe… engxwe… nhlwa… enjwe… ingxwe… anhlwe… injwe… ongxwe… enhlwe… onjwe… ungxwe… inhlwe… unjwe… ngxwe… onhlwe… njwe…. angxwi… unhlwe… anjwi… engxwi… nhlwe… enjwi… ingxwi… anhlwi… injwi… ongxwi… enhlwi… onjwi… ungxwi… inhlwi… unjwi… ngxwi… onhlwi… njwi… angxwo… unhlwi… anjwo… engxwo… nhlwi… enjwo… ingxwo… anhlwo… injwo… ongxwo… enhlwo… onjwo… ungxwo… inhlwo… unjwo… ngxwo… onhlwo… njwo… angxwu… unhlwo… anjwu… engxwu… nhlwo… enjwu… anhlwu… enhlwu… xxvii
injwu… injwu… onjwu… onjwu… unjwu… inklu… unjwu… njwu… onklu… njwu… unklu… nklu… …nk… - nk… …nq… - nq… anka… anqa… enka… …nklw… - nklw… enqa… inka… anklwa… inqa… onka… enklwa… onqa… unka…. inklwa… unqa… nka… onklwa… nqa… anke… unklwa… anqe… enke… nklwa… enqe… inke… anklwe… inqe… onke… enklwe… onqe… unke… inklwe… unqe… nke… onklwe… nqe… anki… unklwe… anqi… enki… nklwe… enqi… inki… anklwi… inqi… onki… enklwi… onqi… unki…. inklwi… unqi…. nki… onklwi… nqi… anko… unklwi… anqo… enko… nklwi… enqo… inko… anklwo… inqo… onko… enklwo… onqo… unko… inklwo… unqo… nko… onklwo… nqo…. anku… unklwo… anqu… enku… nklwo… enqu… inku… anklwu… inqu… onku… enklwu… onqu… unku… inklwu… unqu… nku… onklwu… nqu… unklwu… nklwu… …nkl… - nkl… …nqw… - nqw… ankla… anqwa… enkla… …nkw… - nkw… enqwa… inkla… ankwa… inqwa… onkla… enkwa… onqwa… unkla… inkwa… unqwa… nkla… onkwa… nqwa… ankle… unkwa… anqwe… enkle… nkwa… enqwe… inkle… ankwe… inqwe… onkle… enkwe… onqwe… unkle… inkwe… unqwe… nkle… onkwe… nqwe… ankli… unjwe… anqwi… enkli… njwe… enqwi… inkli… anjwi…. inqwi… onkli… enjwi… onqwi… unkli…. injwi… unqwi… nkli… onjwi… nqwi… anklo… unjwi… anqwo… enklo… njwi… enqwo… inklo… anjwo… inqwo… onklo… enjwo… onqwo… unklo… injwo… unqwo… nklo… onjwo… nqwo… anklu… unjwo… anqwu… enklu… njwo… enqwu… anjwu… enjwu… x xviii
inqwu… intwu… onqwu… ontwu… unqwu… inswu… untwu… nqwu… onswu… ntwu… unswu… nswu… …ns…. – ns… …nw… - nw… ansa… anwa… ensa… …nt… - nt… enwa… insa… anta… inwa… onsa… enta… onwa… unsa… inta… unwa… nsa… onta… nwa… anse… unta… anwe… ense… nta… enwe… inse… ante… inwe… onse… ente… onwe… unse… inte… unwe… nse… onte… nwe… ansi… unte… anwi…. ensi… nte… enwi… insi… anti… inwi… onsi… enti… onwi… unsi… inti… unwi… nsi… onti… nwi… anso… unti… anwo… enso… nti… enwo… inso… anto… inwo… onso… ento… onwo… unso… into… unwo… nso… onto… nwo… ansu… unto… anwu… ensu… nto… enwu… insu… antu… inwu… onsu… entu… onwu… unsu… intu… unwu… nsu… ontu… nwu… untu… ntu… …nsw…. – nsw… …nx… - nx… answa… anxa… enswa… …ntw… - ntw… enxa… inswa… antwa… inxa… onswa… entwa… onxa… unswa… intwa… unxa… nswa… ontwa… nxa… answe… untwa… anxe… enswe… ntwa… enxe… inswe… antwe… inxe… onswe… entwe… onxe… unswe… intwe… unxe… nswe… ontwe… nxe… answi… untwe… anxi… enswi… ntwe… enxi… inswi… antwi… inxi… onswi… entwi… onxi… unswi… intwi… unxi… nswi… ontwi… nxi… answo… untwi… anxo… enswo… ntwi… enxo… inswo… antwo… inxo… onswo… entwo… onxo… unswo… intwo… unxo… nswo… ontwo… nxo… answu… untwo… anxu… enswu… ntwo… enxu… antwu… entwu… xxix
inxu… inzu… onxu… onzu… unxu… inyu… unzu… nxu… onyu… nzu… unyu…. nyu… …nxw… -nxw… …nzw… - nzw… anxwa… anzwa… enxwa… …nyw… - nyw… enzwa… inxwa… anywa… inzwa… onxwa… enywa… onzwa… unxwa… inywa… unzwa… nxwa… onywa… nzwa… anxwe… unywa… anzwe… enxwe… nywa… enzwe… inxwe… anywe… inzwe… onxwe… enywe… onzwe… unxwe… inywe… unzwe… nxwe… onywe… nzwe… anxwi… unywe… anzwi… enxwi… nywe… enzwi… inxwi… anywi… inzwi… onxwi… enywi… onzwi… unxwi… inywi… unzwi… nxwi… onywi… nzwi… anxwo… unywi… anzwo… enxwo… nywi… enzwo… inxwo… anywo… inzwo… onxwo… enywo… onzwo… unxwo… inywo… unzwo… nxwo… onywo… nzwo… anxwu… unywo… anzwu… enxwu… nywo… enzwu… inxwu… anywu… inzwu… onxwu… enywu… onzwu… unxwu… inywu… unzwu… nxwu… onywu… nzwu… unywu… nywu… …ny… - ny… …p…. – p… anya… apa… enya… …nz… - nz… epa… inya… anza… ipa… onya… enza… opa… unya… inza… upa… nya… onza… pa… anye… unza… ape… enye… nza… epe… inye… anze… ipe… onye… enze… ope… unye… inze… upe… nye… onze… pe… anyi… unze… api… enyi… nze… epi… inyi… anzi… ipi… onyi… enzi… opi… unyi… inzi… upi… nyi… onzi… pi… anyo… unzi… apo… enyo… nzi… epo… inyo… anzo… ipo… onyo… enzo… opo… unyo… inzo… upo… nyo… onzo… po… anyu… unzo… apu… enyu… nzo… epu… anzu… enzu… xxx
ipu… iqhwu… opu… upu… iqu… oqhwu… pu… oqu… uqhwu… uqu… qu… qhwu… …ph… - ph… apha… epha… …qh… - qh… …qw… - qw… ipha… aqha… opha… eqha… aqwa… upha… iqha… eqwa… pha… oqha… aphe… uqha… iqwa… ephe… qha… iphe… aqhe… oqwa… ophe… eqhe… uqwa… uphe… iqhe… phe… oqhe… qwa… aphi… uqhe… ephi… qhe… eqwe… iphi… aqhi… iqwe… ophi… eqhi… uphi… iqhi… oqwe… phi… oqhi… uqwe… apho… uqhi… epho… qhi… qwe… ipho… aqho… opho… eqho… aqwi… upho… iqho… eqwi… pho… oqho… aphu… uqho… iqwi… ephu… qho… iphu… aqhu… oqwi… ophu… eqhu… uqwi… uphu… iqhu… phu… oqhu… qwi… uqhu… qhu… aqwo… …q… - q… eqwo… aqa… eqa… …qhw… - qhw… iqwo… iqa… aqhwa… oqwo… oqa… eqhwa… uqa… iqhwa… uqwo… qa… oqhwa… aqe… uqhwa… qwo… eqe… qhwa… aqwu… iqe… aqhwe… oqe… eqhwe… eqwu… uqe… iqhwe… qe… oqhwe… iqwu… aqi… uqhwe… oqwu… eqi… qhwe… iqi… aqhwi… uqwu… oqi… eqhwi… uqi… iqhwi… qwu… qi… oqhwi… aqo… uqhwi… eqo… qhwi…. …r… - r… iqo… aqhwo… ara… oqo… eqhwo… uqo… iqhwo… era… qo… oqhwo… aqu… uqhwo… ira… equ… qhwo… ora… aqhwu… eqhwu… ura… ra… are… ere… ire… ore… ure… re… ari… eri… iri… ori… uri… ri…. aro… ero… iro… oro… uqo… ro… aru… eru… iru… xxxi
oru… oshu… otu… utu… uru… ushu… tu… ru… shu… …s… - s… …shw… - shw… …th… -th… atha… asa… ashwa… etha… itha… esa… eshwa… otha… isa… ishwa… utha… tha… osa… oshwa… athe… ethe… usa… ushwa… ithe… sa… shwa… othe… uthe… ase… ashwe… the… athi… ese… eshwe… ethi… ise… ishwe… ithi… othi… ose… oshwe… uthi… use… ushwe… thi… atho… se… shwe… etho… itho… asi… ashwi… otho… esi… eshwi… utho… tho… isi… ishwi… athu…. ethu… osi… oshwi… ithu… usi… ushwi… othu… uthu… si… shwi… thu… aso… ashwo… eso… eshwo… …thw… - thw… athwa… iso… ishwo… ethwa… oso… oshwo… ithwa… othwa… uso… ushwo… uthwa… thwa… so… shwo… athwe… asu… ashwu… ethwe… ithwe… esu… eshwu… othwe… uthwe… isu… ishwu… thwe… osu… oshwu… athwi… ethwi… usu… ushwu… ithwi… othwi… su… shwu… uthwi… thwi… athwo… …sh… - sh… …t… - t… ethwo… asha… ata… ithwo… othwo… esha… eta… uthwo… thwo… isha… ita… athwu… osha… ota… ethwu… ithwu… usha… uta… xxxii sha… ta… ashe… ate… eshe… ete… ishe… ite… oshe… ote… ushe… ute… she… te… ashi… ati… eshi… eti… ishi… iti… oshi… oti… ushi…. uti… shi… ti… asho… ato… esho… eto… isho… ito… osho… oto… usho… uto… sho… to… ashu… atu… eshu… etu… ishu… itu…
othwu… otshu… uthwu… utshu… thwu… otru… tshu… utru… tru… …thw… - thw… athwa… …tshw… - tshw… ethwa… …ts… - ts… atshwa… ithwa… atsa… etshwa… othwa… etsa… itshwa… uthwa… itsa… otshwa… thwa… otsa… utshwa… athwe… utsa… tshwa… ethwe… tsa… atshwe… ithwe… atse… etshwe… othwe… etse… itshwe… uthwe… itse… otshwe… thwe… otse… utshwe… athwi… utse… tshwe… ethwi… tse… atshwi… ithwi… atsi… etshwi… othwi… etsi… itshwi… uthwi… itsi… otshwi… thwi… otsi… utshwi… athwo… utsi… tshwi… ethwo… tsi… atshwo… ithwo… atso… etshwo… othwo… etso… itshwo… uthwo… itso… otshwo… thwo… otso… utshwo… athwu… utso… tshwo… ethwu… tso… atshwu… ithwu… atsu… etshwu… othwu… etsu… itshwu… uthwu… itsu… otshwu… thwu… otsu… utshwu… utsu… tshwu… tsu… …tr… - tr… …tw… - tw… atra… atwa… etra… …tsh…. – tsh… etwa… itra… atsha… twa… otra… etsha… otwa… utra… itsha… utwa…. tra… otsha… twa… atre… utsha… atwe… etre… tsha… etwe… itre… atshe… itwe… otre… etshe… otwe… utre… itshe… utwe… tre… otshe… twe… atri… utshe… atwi… etri… tshe… etwi… itri… atshi… itwi… otri… etshi… otwi… utri… itshi… utwi… tri… otshi… twi… atro… utshi… atwo… etro… tshi…. etwo… itro… atsho… itwo… otro… etsho… otwo… utro…. itsho… utwo… tro… otsho… two… atru… utsho… atwu… etru… tsho… etwu… itru… atshu… etshu… x xxiii itshu…
itwu… exwu… otwu… utwu… ewu… ixwu… twu… iwu… oxwu… owu… uwu… uxwu… …v… - v… wu… xwu… ava… eva… iva… …x… - x… ova… axa… …z… - z… uva… exa… aza… va… ixa… ave… oxa… eza… eve… uxa… ive… xa… iza… ove… axe… oza… uve… exe… ve… ixe… uza… avi… oxe… evi… uxe… za… ivi… xe… aze… ovi… axi… uvi… exi… eze… vi… ixi… ize… avo… oxi… evo… uxi… oze… ivo… xi… ovo… axo… uze… uvo… exo… ze… vo… ixo… avu… oxo… azi… evu… uxo… ivu… xo… ezi… ovu… axu… izi… uvu… exu… vu… ixu… ozi… oxu… uxu… uzi… xu… zi… …w… - w… awa… azo… ewa… …xw… - xw… ezo… iwa… axwa… owa… exwa… izo… uwa… ixwa… wa… oxwa… ozo… awe… uxwa… uzo… ewe… xwa… iwe… axwe… zo… owe… exwe… uwe… ixwe… azu… we… oxwe… ezu… awi… uxwe… ewi… xwe… izu… iwi… axwi… owi… exwi… ozu… uwi… ixwi… uzu… wi… oxwi… awo… uxwi… zu… ewo… xwi… iwo… axwo… owo… exwo… …zw… uwo… ixwo… wo… oxwo… azwa… awu… uxwo… ezwa… xwo… axwu… izwa… ozwa… uzwa… zwa… azwe… ezwe… izwe… ozwe… uzwe… zwe… azwi… ezwi… izwi… ozwi… uzwi… zwi… azwo… ezwo… izwo… ozwo… uzwo… zwo… azwu…. x xxiv
ezwu… izwu… ozwu… xxxv
Aba… harpies, fault-finders, complainers, aba… (isiqalo / prefix) prefix for isiZulu grumblers nouns belonging to UZL 8.1 e.g. ababeli / abahlukaniselani / abantu (people), abangani (friends) abaphaki distributors, ababengi / (2) aba… is also a prefix sound-unit abahlinzi / ababengisi / concord (umusindo oyisiqalo ababengayo / abahlinzayo (UZL NC 8.1) nesivumelwano) that supports UZL skinners, peelers, butchers, meat 8.1 when used to qualify the nouns slicers, removers of covering, belonging to this cluster e.g. abantu assistants, butcher assistants. abahle (beautiful people), abangani ababi / aboni / (UZL NC 8.1) izoni / abaningi (many friends), izigilamukhuba (UZL NC 9) the ugly ogandaganda abadala (old tractors) ones, the evil ones, the wicked, the aba /caza / abelana / hlukanisa / sinners, the condemnedhlukanisela / hlukaniselana / ababili (UZL NC 8.1) a pair, two cazela / cazelana / phana (isenzo / verb) ababilile / abaphaphaphayo / distribute, give out, allocate, allot abaqinile / onontandakubukwa ababaluli / abaphawuli / (UZL NC 8.1) uncontrollable people, wild abacubunguli / abaphicothi / people, hyperactive people, abaciphothi / abahluzi / extroverts, ungovernable people, abahluleli (UZL NC 8.1) commentators, disorderly people, attention-seekers commenters, monitors, observers, ababo (ongumunini / possessive : UZL NC 8.1 > UZL NC bloggers, judges, exponents, 8.1) e.g. abantu ababo / The people expounders, scholiasts, critics, belong to them. Abantu = UZL NC 8.1 ababo analysts, pundits Ababani?/Abakabani? (ibizomusho / = UZL NC 8.1); Obhanana ababo. / The bananas are theirs. sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) Who do they belong / The bananas are for them.)to? ; Who are they for?ababangisi / ababangayo / ababongeli / abalandeli (UZL NC 8.1) / abaqhudelanayo / abaqhophisani izethameli (UZL NC 9) admirers, / abaqhudelani (UZL NC 8.1)/ izimbangi enthusiasts, followers, cheering (UZL NC 9) / omunakwethu (UZL NC 8.1) crowd, supporting fans, supporters, contenders, competitors, rivals, devotees, enthusiasts opponents, adversaries, antagonists ababukelayo / ababukeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ ababaseli / abaphembi / izethameli (UZL NC 9) / abalaleli / abakhuthazi / abaphehlidweshu abangabambiqhaza / abathameli (UZL NC 8.1) instigators, motivators, (UZL NC 8.1) audience, spectators, originators, inciters, fomenters, onlookers, watchers, viewers, troublemakers observers, witnesses, eyewitnesses, Ababazi. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) bystanders, non-participants, They do not know them. sightseers; commentators, reporters, ababazi / okhaphenta (UZL NC 8.1) monitors, bloggerscarpenters, carvers, woodworkers, ababukeli / ababukelayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ joiners, cabinetmakers, cupboard izethameli (UZL NC 9) spectators; makers, chair makers. onlookers, watchers, lookers-on, ababeleseli / ababeleselayo / viewers, sightseers, bystanders, non-abaqoqizikweletu / abakhonondi participants, (see ababukelayo above) (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaphelendlebeni (UZL NC 7) ababukelwayo / ababukisi / naggers, debt-collectors, termagants, abadlali (UZL NC 8.1) the players, the actors, contests, performers, entertainers 1
ababukisayo / ababukisingqephu involved in any of the following acts: / onontandakubukwa (UZL NC 8.1) investigation, enquiry, examination, exhibitors, modellers, fashion scrutiny, inquest, exploration, modellers, displayers, the ones who research show off; the pompous ones ababhaki (UZL NC 8.1) bakers ababulali (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinkabi (UZL NC 9) / ababhalayo / abacikicayo (UZL NC 8.1) abasocongi / the writing ones, (2) examination abakhiphimiphemulo (UZL NC 8.1) / candidates, the ones who are izigebengu / izigelekeqe / studying for examsizixhwanguxhwangu / ababhali / abalobi (UZL NC 8.1) / izigcwelegcwele (UZL NC 9) murderers, izimbongi (UZL NC 9) / killers, liquidators, terminators, amacikokubhala (UZL NC 7)/ slaughterers, people who conspire izintatheli (UZL NC 9) / to commit homicide abaqambimaculo (UZL NC 8.1) authors, ababulawa / ababhujiswa / writers, wordsmiths, novelists, abakhimbilwa (UZL NC 8.1) the killed, dramatists, playwrights, the murdered, the deceased screenwriters, scriptwriters, poets, ababulewe / ababhujisiwe essayists, biographers, journalists, /abafile / abagcweleziwe / columnists, reporters, abangasekho / abashonile / correspondents, lyricists, abaphangalele / abakwelokuthula songwriters (UZL NC 8.1) the killed, the murdered, the ababhemi / abashayayo / dead the no more, the departed ababhemayo (UZL NC 8.1) smokers, ababusayo / abajabulayo / sniffers, drug addicts abanethezekile (UZL NC 8.1) the ababhemu / abangani / abahlobo celebrators, the commemorators, the / obhululu (UZL NC 8.1) friends, party participants, the joyful (2) the colleagues, matesrich, the very wealthy, the elite class ababhidisayo / okhondatha-ababusi / abaphakanyiswa/ bamakhwaya (UZL NC 8.1) choir abaphathi / onsumpa / conductors , conductorsomongameli / ongqongqoshe (UZL NC ababhikishi / osiyayinyomfa / 8.1) / amalunga-ephalamende / abateleki (UZL NC 8.1) protestors, amakhansela / amakhosi (UZL NC 7) objectors, demonstrators, activists, governors, administrators, rulers picketers e.g. chiefs, leaders, principals, heads, ababhodile (UZL NC 8.1)/ amabhoda (UZL premiers, presidents, chancellors, NC 7) boardersmanagers, directors, chairpersons, ababhukudi / abaqubhi / supervisors, commissioners etc. abadayivi / ababhukudayo / ababusisiwe /ababusisekile / abaqubhayo / abadadayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ abanamathamusanqa / izinhlanzi (UZL NC 9) swimmers, divers, abanenhlanhla (UZL NC 8.1) the blessed professional swimmers ones, the lucky ones, the favoured, ababhukuli / ababhukule / the fortunate, the privileged, the abasukumile / abakhathele / selected abafunizinguquko / abezinguquko ababuzi / abaphenyi/ abaciphothi / abafunishintsho / odelikufa / a(UZL NC 8.1) askers, questioners, those ababhebhezelidweshu (UZL NC 8.1)/ who are izishovushovu (UZL NC 9)/ amashoshozela (UZL NC 7) change 2
agents, revolutionaries, freedom counsellors, mentors, guides, fighters, insurgents, diehards consultants, confidants, confidantes, abacabangi / abacabangango / guides, right-hand men, right hand-abacabimathambo / women, aides, helpers, instructors, ongqondogqondo (UZL NC 8.1) / coaches, trainers, teachers, tutors, izingcithabuchopho / gurusizinjulangqondo (UZL NC 9) the abacebisi-ngezimali (UZL NC 8.1) thinkers, the theorists, the financial advisors, investor advisers theoreticians, the ideologists, the abacebisi-ngezikweleti (UZL NC 8.1) philosophers, the scholars, the debt counsellors savants, the sages, the intellectuals, abacebisi-ngezomuthetho (UZL NC 8.1) the intellects, the minded, the legal advisers, legal aid, lawyerslearned people abacebisi-ngotshalomali (UZL NC 8.1) abacabimathambo / abacubunguli asset managers, investment advisers / abaciphothi (UZL NC 8.1) / izazi (UZL NC 9) abacibi (UZL NC 8.1) hurlers, baseball (literal meaning = bone chewers) pitcherscritical thinkers, the theorists, the abacindezeli /abahlukumezi / theoreticians, analysts, the ongxiwankulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ ideologists, the philosophers, the amadlagusha (UZL NC 7) oppressors, scholars, the savants, the sages, the imperialists, exploiters, intellectuals, the intellects, the discriminators, persecutors, tyrants, minded, the learned people, forensic despots, autocrats, bullies, slave-analysts, forensic investigators drivers, totalitarian leaders, hard abacelayo / abancengayo taskmasters, scourges, dictators, /abakhangezile / abakhangezayo tormentors, torturers, intimidators, / ononkongozelo (UZL NC 8.1)/ subjugators izincengi / izihlupheki / abacindezelwe izincelebane / izikhothami (UZL NC 9)/ /abahlukunyezwayo / abacwaswa abakhothami / abakhothamayo / / abaxwaswayo / abangenazwi / abancikile / abancikayo (UZL NC 8.1) abacindezelwe (UZL NC 8.1) the beggars, tramps, beggarmen, oppressed, exploited, discriminated, beggarwomen, vagrants, vagabonds, voiceless, persecuted, the down-and-outs, homeless people, downtrodden, the abused, derelicts, mendicants, paupers, maltreated, the ill-treated, the hobos unjustly treated, tyrannized, the abachathami / abachathamayo / subjugated, the repressed, subdued, abazingeli / abanyonyobayo / the crushed, the enslaved, the abacuphi (UZL NC 8.1) sneakers, hunters, exploited, the victimized, the stalkers, huntmen, huntswomen, misused, the disadvantaged, the trappers underprivileged, the ground down, abacebile / abadlizambane- the browbeatenlikapondo / ongxiwankulu (UZL NC abaciphothi / abaphenyi / 8.1)/ izicebi / izinginga / izinkinsela abacubunguli (UZL NC 8.1) analysts, (UZL NC 9) rich people, wealthy people, critics, commentators, observers, the ruling class, capitalists monitors, pundits, experts, abacebisi/ abaluleki (UZL NC 8.1) / authorities of field knowledge, amakhonsalithenti (UZL NC 7)/ othisha arbiters, interpreters of facts, / onxazisuka (UZL NC 8.1) advisors, forensic investigators, exponents, 3
expounders, editors, authors, abacushiwe/ abacushwa (UZL NC 8.1) reviewers, appraisers, evaluators, the trapped, the tricked, the judges, scholiasts, exegetes blackmailed, the stalked, those under abacishimililo / abahlanguli (UZL NC surveillance , the spied on 8.1) firefighters, fire rescuers, abachakile / abahluphekayo / emergency rescuers abangenalutho / abanhlwempu / abacoci / abahlanzekile / abadingayo / abantulayo abahlanzizindlu / /ondingasithebeni / abathuthinkucuza (UZL NC 8.1) cleaners, omahambehlala (UZL NC 8.1)/ scrubbers, neat people, waste-men, izihlupheki (UZL NC 9) the poor, the waste-women, waste managers, indigents, the have-nots, the hygienic people homeless, the hungry, the needy abacophele (UZL NC 8.1) /iziqashi (UZL NC abachathi (UZL NC 8.1) / izinyanga / 9)/ abaqashile / abacophisiwe / izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ abathandazi / abacashisiwe (UZL NC 8.1)/ amagoduka abahlanzanayo / abahlanzi / (UZL NC 7) tenants, squatters, temporal abangwelisayo / abangwelisi (UZL NC occupants, leaseholders, lessees, 8.1) enamel administrators, spiritual renters, lodgers, boarders healers, religious healers, faith abacophelele / abaqaphelile / oriented healers (2) abachathi / abalananokuthi-khwishi (UZL NC 8.1) osomaqhinga propagandists, careful people, vigilant people, propagators, indoctrinators, the extremely alert people brain -washers, those performing abacubunguli / abaciphothi bowel cleansing analysts, critics, commentators, abachathiwe / abahlohliwe / (check abaciphothi above) abajojiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the ones whose abacucuzayo / abacucuzi / bowels has been cleansed (2) the abacothi (UZL NC 8.1) izinoko / indoctrinated, the brain-washed (3) izinamba / izinenzi (UZL NC 9) slow abachathiwe / abahlohliwe / people abajojiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the ones whose abaculi / abahlabeleli / bowels has been cleansed (4) the abahlabelelayo / abaculayo (UZL NC indoctrinated, the brain-washed, the 8.1) / amaciko / amagagu (UZL NC 7) forced, the coerced imizwilili (UZL NC 10) singers, musicians, abachazi / abezentuthuko-vocalists, soloists, songsters, yomuphakathi / songstresses, guitarists, pianists abezokuthukiswakwemiphakathi abacuphi/ abezomushoshaphansi (UZL NC 8.1) those tasked with explaining, / abezomoya / oheshane (UZL NC 8.1) / the facilitators, development izinhloli / izimpimpi; (UZL NC 9) facilitators, the community underground-operators, the spies, development workersthe plotters, the trappers, espionage, abachazekile / abajabulile / spying, undercover, espionage, abanelisekile (UZL NC 8.1) the spying, undercover work, team, impressed, the pleased, those who intelligence operatives, are in agreement.(1) abachathi (UZL NC eavesdropping operatives, 8.1)/ izinyanga / izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ surveillance personnel, counter- abathandazi (UZL NC 8.1) enamel espionage, eavesdropping administrators, spiritual healers, operatives, operatives, counter- religious healers, faith oriented intelligence operatives healers (2) abachathi / 4
osomaqhinga / ongqondongqondo hated, the disliked, the loathed, the / ogedleyihlekisa (UZL NC 8.1) intolerable propagandists, propagators, abachophile / abahlanzekile / indoctrinators, the brain -washers, abagezile (UZL NC 8.1) the clean, the those performing bowel cleansing washed, the immaculate, the glowing abachemile / abakhethiphela- people emasini / okhethiphela-emasini / abachumayo / abachumi / onomaqembu / abafufusi / abafufuzayo / onomaqembuqembu (UZL NC 8.1) / abathembisayo / abasakhulala / amashwabadela(UZL NC 7) biased abasakhulayo (UZL NC 8.1) aspirants, the people, sectarian people, budding, the promising, the factionalists, separatists, dissenters, emerging, the burgeoning dissidents abachwanekiwe / abembulelwe-abachezi / abachezile / izinqe / ababekwobala / abachezayo / ababekwe-obala (UZL NC 8.1) the ozwilamingaphakathi / exposed, the unseeled, the abaphumeceleni (UZL NC 8.1) the unmasked, the unpeeled, the eccentric, the oddities, the odd, vulnerable, the compromised fellows, the non-conformists, the abacwaningi / abahlwayi / unorthodox people, the abacubunguli / abaphenyi / unconventional characters, the abophenyo / abaphicothi (UZL NC 8.1) individualists, the misfits analysts, critics, auditors, abachithekile / abashayiwe- investigators, forensic team, engqondweni / ogqongqongqo / homicide detectivesabakhanyiselwe /ababonayo / abacweci / abaphali / abahwayi ababoniswayo / abazizonke / (UZL NC 8.1) peelers, those who perform abazikonke / abaziyo / the act of sanding or peeling ochwepheshe / ongoti / osiyazi / something osolwazi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izazi / abacwaningi / abahlwayi / izifundiswa / izibanizezwe (UZL NC 9) abacubunguli / abaphenyi / the enlightened, the informed, the abophenyo / abaphenyimacala / know-it-all, the learned, the highly abaphicothimacala (UZL NC 8.1) educated, the educated, the analysts, critics, auditors, specialists, the experts investigators, forensic team, abachithiwe / abavalelwe / homicide detectives abangasadingwa / abacwaningimabhuku / abalahlwangamacala (UZL NC 8.1) the abaphicothimaphuku / dismissed, the convicts, the abaphenyimabhuku / prisoners, the inmates (2) abahlahlimaphuku (UZL NC 8.1) abachithiwe / abaxoshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) auditors, financial books auditors the fired, the dismissed, the abacwaningisisi / abaphenyisisi / suspended, the expelled (3) abaphicosisi / abahlahlisisi (UZL NC abachithiwe / abadingisiwe (UZL NC 8.1) forensic analysts, forensic critics, 8.1) the exiles, the expatriates, the forensic investigators refugees (4) abachithiwe / abacwaningisisimabhuku (UZL NC 8.1) abazondwayo / abanesidina / forensic auditors, forensic abanesigcwagcwa (UZL NC 8.1) the investigators 5
abacwaningisisimacala / abaseshi applies to people with strong conviction who are prepared / abaphenyisisimacala-anzima / abophenyo-lwezokubulala (UZL NC 8.1) to die for their belief) e.g. hardliners, forensic investigators, homicide reactionaries or revolutionaries, detective ultra-conservatives, conservatives, abadala / abakhulile / traditionalists, intransigents; omakadebona (UZL NC 8.1) fanatics, zealots; suicide-bombers; izithwalandwe (UZL NC 9) elders, freedom fighters seniors, the experienced, stalwarts abadedeliwe / abakhululiwe (UZL NC abadaliwe / abantu (UZL NC 8.1)/ 8.1) the recently released, the recently izidalwa (UZL NC 9) / uluntu (UZL NC 3) freed, the free, the unshackled oneshuman creation, humankind, human abadelelayo /ochwensa / beings, people, men and women (2) abangahloniphi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izidalwa / abakhubazekile izichwensi (UZL NC 9) the rude people, abadangele / abadumele the ill-mannered people, the /abahlubukile / abasemanzini- impudent, the cheecky, the full of amunyama / abazilile / nonsense, the audacious, the abaxakekile / abakhungathekile disrespectful (UZL NC 8.1) the sad ones, the unhappy abadidiyeli / abahleli / ones, the sorrowful, the dejected, the abadidiyelayo / abahlelayo / regretful, the depressed, the abahlelizindaba / abaqambi / downcast, the miserable, the abaqophi / abashicileli (UZL NC 8.1) downhearted, the despondent, the editors, producers, producers, disconsolate, the desolate, the creators, people responsible for wretched, the grief-stricken putting something together for a abadayisi / abathengisi / particular outcome abashakazi / abashakazayo (UZL NC abadidizayo / abaxakekile / 8.1) the sellers, marketers, brokers, abasangene / abaxakwe-vendors, retailers, the umusebenzi / abaxakwe-entrepreneurs, shopkeepers, imisebenzi (UZL NC 8.1) the busy, the suppliers, the stock brokers , traders, stressed, the overworked, the merchants, dealers; salespersons, the seriously occupied, the worried, the estate agents, the sales under pressure to complete a representatives, the agents, the particular task (2) abadidizayo / middle-persons, the negotiators, abahlomekayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ resellers, auctioneers izithingithingi (UZL NC 9) the lost abade / abalulekile / people, the confused, the puzzled, abanamathambo-amade / the perturbed, the ignorant, the abashiyigabade (UZL NC 8.1) the tall uninformed ones, the giants, the gigantic ones, abadiliziwe / abaxoshiwe / tall people abaphelelwe-umusebenzi / abadelikufa / odelikufa / abafunumusebenzi (UZL NC 8.1) the odelimindeni / odelamakhaya (UZL retrenched, the dismissed, the NC 8.1)/ amadelakufa / unemployed, the victims of amashoshozela / amagerila (UZL NC expenditure cut back or changes in 7)/ izishovushovu (UZL NC 9) diehards, employment, job-seekersthose who sacrifice their life for a abadingi / abahlwayi / abahlengi particular mission, (Generally this word (UZL NC 8.1) the search team, the rescuers 6
abadingile / abantulayo / unhappy, the sorrowful, abahluphekayo / abaxakekile / the dejected, the the regretful, the abahlwempu (UZL NC 8.1) the needy, the depressed, the downcast, the poor, the wanting, the destitute , the miserable, the have not downhearted, the despondent, the abadingekile / abadingwayo / despairing, the disconsolate, the abafunwayo (UZL NC 8.1) the wanted, the bowed down, the the required, the hunted, the needed wretched, the glum, the abadiniwe / abathukuthele / melancholic, the low-spirited, the abangxamile / abanganunwabu / mournful, the woeful, the broken abadikibele (UZL NC 8.1) the angry, the hearted, the grief-stricken (2) violated, the angered, the provoked, abadumele / abahluliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the enraged, the boycotters the defeated, losers abadingekile / abalindelwe / abadumile / osaziwa / osaziwayo abadingwayo / abafunekayo / (UZL NC 8.1) the famous, celebrities, the abamenyiwe / abanxenxiwe (UZL NC stars, the well-known, the popular 8.1) / izimenywa (UZL NC 9) the required, onesthe needed, the expected, the invited abadlali (UZL NC 8.1) players abadingiswa / abasemazweni / Abadle. (sentence word, UZL NC 8.1) They abaxoshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the exiles, the must east expatriates, the banished, the abadlwenguli (UZL NC 8.1) rapists deported, displaces, refugees abafa / abashona / abangasekho abadobi / abaluthi / abanxenxi / (UZL NC 8.1)/ amathonga / amadlozi (UZL abalolanayo / abaloli (UZL NC 8.1) the NC 7) the dead, the deceased, the fishermen, the fishers (2) the departed, the gone, the no more, the recruiters, the lobbyists guardian angelsabadubi / ababhikishi / abafana / abafanyana (UZL NC 8.1) / abatelekayo (UZL NC 8.1) the boycotters, amankwenkwe (UZL NC 7)/ the protesters, the strikers izinsizwana (UZL NC 9) / amadodana / abadudene / abadudanayo / amadojeyana (UZL NC 7 boys, young abadukisanayo (UZL NC 8.1) partners in males, male youthcrime; friend with bad intentions, abafanayo / abafunzene (UZL NC 8.1) accomplices, accessories, co- the look alikeconspirators, collaborators abafaniselene (UZL NC 8.1) the abadukile / abalahlekile (UZL NC 8.1) uniformed people the lost, the missing (2) those whose abafanyana (UZL NC 8.1) young boys, where-about is unknown (3) little boys, younger male youth abadukile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izoni (UZL NC 8.1) abafarisi (UZL NC 8.1) Pharisees , the condemned, the sinners members of Jewish sect (2) false abadukisi /abakhohlisi / prophetsizikhohlakali / izigebengu (UZL NC 8.1) abafarisi / abakhohlisi / abadukisi the swindlers, the deceivers, the (UZL NC 8.1) hypocrites, liars, impostors, fraudsters, the con artists (2) swindlershypocrites, pretenders, impostors, abafazi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amakhosikazi (UZL liars NC 7)/ omame / abesifazane / onina abadumele / abakhathazekile / / onyoko (UZL NC 8.1) women, wives, abaxakekile / abahlukumezekile / females, mothers, feminine gender abadangele (UZL NC 8.1) the sad, the 7
abafelwe /abashonelwe / abazilile abafundi (UZL NC 8.1) students, trainees, / abasemanzini-amunyama (UZL NC apprentices, probationers, recruits, 8.1) the mourners, the grieving novices, learners, mentees, members, the sorrowful members of beginnersthe dead person or people… abafundi (check abafundelayo above) Abafe./ Abashone. (ibizomusho / sentence abafundisi / abefundisi / abezwi / word: UZL NC 8.1) They must die. abakoyinkonza-imvana / abafebayo / abadayisicansi (UZL NC abavangeli / abashumayeli (UZL NC 8.1) 8.1)/ izifebe (UZL NC 9) / onondindwa / reverends, pastors, priests, ononkiloyi (UZL NC 8.1) whores, preachers prostitutes, promiscuous women, sex abafundisi / othisha / abaqeqeshi workers / osolwazi / othisha (UZL NC 8.1) / abafelwe / abazilile / abafelokazi amathishela (UZL NC 7) teachers, (UZL NC 8.1) widows, the bereaved, the educators, educationists, tutors, bereaved family/families, the instructors, pedagogues, mourners schoolteachers, schoolmasters, abafelokazi / abesifazane schoolmistresses, masters, abafelwe ngabakhwenyana (UZL NC 8.1) mistresses, educationalists, coaches, widows trainers, lecturers, professors, dons, abafi / abafileyo / omufi / abalele fellows, readers, academics, guides, / abangasekho / abaphansi (UZL NC mentors, gurus, counsellors 8.1)/ amathongo / amadlozi (UZL NC 7) abafungisi (UZL NC 8.1) / izethenjwa-the dead, the deceased, the departed, zomuthetho (UZL NC 9) / the gone, the no more, the passed on, okhomishanizibopho (UZL NC 8.1) the passed away; the late, the lost, commissioners of oath e.g. police, the lamented, the perished, the members of parliament, councillors, fallen lawyers, notariesabafiki / abokufika /abezizwe / abafuyi / abanikazimfuyo (UZL NC 8.1) abangaphandle (UZL NC 8.1)/ izihambi keepers, the breeders, animal / izifiki (UZL NC 9) foreigners, aliens, keepers, breeders, animal stock non-citizens, immigrants, settlers, keepers, cattle keepers, goat newcomers, strangers, outsiders, keepers, sheep keepers, chicken visitors, tourists keepers, domestic animal keepers or abafokazi / abantukazana (UZL NC 8.1) animal keepersordinary men, the property-less abafuyiwe / abagugushelwe / men, the moneyless men abavikeliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the protected, abafowethu / obhuti brothers, male the overprotected, those kept under colleagues, associates, companions, the wing partners, comrades, comrades-in- Abagade. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) arms, co-workers, fellows, friends They must watch out. , They must be abafundayo / abafundi (UZL NC 8.1) / vigilant. , They must be alert. , They izitshudeni (UZL NC 9) learners, must look after…students, followers, trainees, abagadi / abaqaphi / onogada / apprentices, pupils abavikeli (UZL NC 8.1) protectors, guards, abafundelayo / izitshudeni / body guards, security guard, police, abaqeqeshwayo / abafundiswayo soldiers / abaqeqeshwa / abaqeqeshwayo abagadiwe / abaqashelwe / (UZL NC 8.1) / izitshudeni (UZL NC 9) / abaqashiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the looked 8
after, the watched, the protected. (2) abagibelizithuthuthu (UZL NC 8.1) the prisoners, inmates, motorbike cyclists, motorbike Abagadwe. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) passengers, motorbike ridersThey must be watched. , They must abagibelizintaba / be taken care of. abaqwalizintaba (UZL NC 8.1) mountain abagangile (UZL NC 8.1) / izigangi (UZL NC 9) cimbers /abangalaleli / onodela-imiyalelo abagidayo / abadansi / abasinayo / osalakutshelwa (UZL NC 8.1) / / abadansayo (UZL NC 8.1) traditional or izephulamuthetho (UZL NC 9) / spiritual dancersabangaziphethe kahle the naughty, abagijimi / abasubathi / the silly, badly behaved, disobedient, abagijimi-bekhobredi-marathoni the bad, the misbehaved, the (UZL NC 8.1) runners, marathon runners, misbehaving, wayward, defiant, the racers; comrade marathon unruly (2) the wild, the wicked, runners, the race participants obstreperous, difficult, troublesome, abahambelanayo / abanesihe / awkward, contrary, perverse, abanomuhawu (UZL NC 8.1) the ones attention-seeking, exasperating, who are supportive, the ones who incorrigible (3) the bad-mannered, are sympathetic who regularly visit the rude, impolite, the mischievous, during the hour of need or difficult playful fellows, impish, the roguish time, the sympathisersfellows, the rascals (5) the silly, the abahambi / abavakashi / funny, the bizarre, the strange abahambeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ izindwendwe abagaxele / abangenelelayo (UZL NC / izifiki (UZL NC 9) / abangaphandle (UZL 8.1) the encroachers, the intruders NC 8.1) the visitors, the foreigners, the abagaxekile / abagaxekayo / outsiders, the international tourists, othathekile / omathandizinto (UZL NC the tourists, the explorers 8.1) the gullible, the victims, the easily abahambeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ izethameli (UZL convinced, the people who can be NC 9)/ ababukeli (UZL NC 8.1) the visitors, easily targeted, the defrauded, the guests, the spectators, the fans, scam victims patronsabagibeli, abakhwelizithuthi (UZL NC abahebezi /abahehezi / 8.1), amaphasenja (UZL NC 7) passengers, abahhahhabuza/ abahhabuzanayo commuters, travellers, voyagers, (UZL NC 8.1) the howlers, the opponents riders, air-passengers, bus- of a public speaker, the boors, the passengers, public transport users hooligans, the ruffians, the rowdy abagibelimabhanoyi (UZL NC 8.1) flight abahehi /abakhangisi / ababukisi passengers, air passengers / ababukisayo (UZL NC 8.1) the abagibelimabhasi (UZL NC 8.1) bus exhibitors, the demonstrators, the passengers, bus commuters marketers, the marketing officers, abagibelimabhayisikili / the promotersamashovashova (UZL NC 8.1) cyclists, abaholi / abahlonishwa / cycle riders abaphathi / abaphethe / ababusi abagibelimatekisi (UZL NC 8.1) taxi (UZL NC 8.1) leaders e.g chiefs, heads, passengers principals, bosses, commanders, abagibelizitimela (UZL NC 8.1) train captains, Chief Executive Officers passengers (CEO’s), Managing Directors (MDs), Members of Parliament, councillors, priests, community leaders, school 9
governing bodies (SGBs), Ward 8.1) the kind ones; the compassionate Committees, ratepayers association ones; the warm-hearted onesleaders abahlekazi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amanene (UZL NC abahubayo/ abahubi / abaculi / 7)/ abahlonishwa / abanumuzane abahlabeleli / abaculayo / (UZL NC 8.1) gentlemen, honourables, sirs abahlabelelayo (UZL NC 8.1) / ikhwaya abahlelekile / abanhlanhlambile / (UZL NC 8.1) /amagagu / amaciko (UZL NC abandwebile / ongqesta (UZL NC 8.1) 7)/ imizwilili (UZL NC 10) the singing organised people, smart people, wise ones, the singers, the choir, vocalists, people, intelligent peoplesoloists, songsters, songstresses (2) abahleli / abadidiyeli / the ones who spill bins abashicileli / abachibiyeli / abahlahleli / ababeli / abahluleli abahlelizindaba (UZL NC 8.1) editors, (UZL NC 8.1) allocators , distributors (2) producers, publishers, news-editors abahlahleli / abaphicothi / (2) planners (3) the seated ones, the abacubunguli critics, evaluators, protected by the authority of the assessors, examiners, judges chairpersonabahlakuli / abalimi / abafuyi / abahlengekile / abasindile (UZL NC 8.1) abatshali (UZL NC 8.1) the weed-killers, the survivors, the rescued (2) the farm field cultivators, protected people, the protected; the agriculturalists, agronomists, saved smallholders , garden field workers. abahlelidolobha (UZL NC 8.1) town-Abahlale. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC planners8.1)They must sit.; They must stay. ; abahlelimishado (UZL NC 8.1) wedding-Abahlale phansi. (umusho, umushwana / sentence like plannersword :(UZL NC 8.1) They must sit down. abahlelihlelo / abaphathihlelo (UZL abahlali (UZL NC 8.1) / izakhamuzi (UZL NC NC 8.1) programme directors, masters 9)/ abanikazimuhlaba / of ceremony, producers, abakhokhintela (UZL NC 8.1) the chairpersons, the meeting organisersresidents, the citizens, the locals, the abahlengikazi / onompilo / onesi occupiers, the inhabitants, the (UZL NC 8.1) the nurses, the health care landowners, the ratepayers, the workershomeowners, the house-owners, the abahliphizi (UZL NC 8.1) / iziphoxi / indigenous people, the natives, the izonakalisi (UZL NC 9) the destroyers, townsmen, the townswomen, the the anarchists, the lumpen-taxpayers proletariat, the agitators, the rebels, abahlambi / ababhukudi (UZL NC 8.1)/ the warmongers‘izinhlanzi (UZL NC 9) the swimmers, abahlobene (UZL NC 8.1)/ izihlobo / divers izizalwane (UZL NC9)/ uzalo (UZL NC 3)/ abahlanguli / abahlengi (UZL NC 8.1) ogazi / omuzala / okayise / rescuers, savers, the sea savers, the okanina (UZL NC 8.1) relatives, next of savers from disasters kin, cousins, blood relatives from the abahle / ababukekayo / abanogazi father’s side, blood relative from the / abathandekayo (UZL NC 8.1) the mother’s side beautiful ones; the pretty ones; the abahlobisi / onombali d(UZL NC 8.1) loveable ones; the charming ones (2) ecorators, flower girls, abahle / abanomusa / abahlobo / abangani / obhululu abanobubele / onhliziyonhle (UZL NC (UZL NC 8.1) the friends, fellows, colleagues 10
abahlobokazi / obhululu / abahlomuli / abawinile (UZL NC 8.1) / abangani abakhulu (UZL NC 8.1) best izihlabani / izingwazi (UZL NC 8.1) friends, closest colleagues, closest winners, victors, champions, reward fellows recipients, title holders abahlobongi/ abaphingi / abahloniphayo /abazithobile / abafebayo / abashishayo / abathobekile / abangaziqhayisi / abandindayo / onondindwa (UZL NC abazothile / othobekile (female) / 8.1)/ izifebe (UZL NC 9) cheaters, othobani (male)(UZL NC 8.1) the respectful licentious, the sexually people, the humble, the reverential, indiscriminate, the immoral, the dutiful, the civil, the subservient; promiscuous , unchaste, debauched, the polite, the well-mannered, the dissolute, dissipated, profligate, courteous, the chivalrous, the gallant, those of easy virtue, the fast, the gracious, the consideratelibertine abahlukile / abangajwayelekanga abahlongozi / abaphakamisi (UZL NC / abangaqhelekile / 8.1) contemplators, proposers, abangaqondakali / abangaziwa / prospectors abangaziwa-kahle (UZL NC 8.1) different abahlohli / abaphehlidweshu / people, unique people, strange abaphehli / abasunguli (UZL NC 8.1) people, strangersinciters, initiators, instigators, abahlulekayo /abahlulekile (UZL NC masterminds, ringleaders 8.1) / izehluleki (UZL NC 9) failures, abahlohlimpi / ohlohlimpi / those who are unsuccessful, those osusimpi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izilwi / who are not succeeding, , non-iziqhwaga (UZL NC 9) / achievers; incompetent people, abahlohlidweshu / abahlohli- losers, under-achieversbodweshu / ophumasilwe (UZL NC 8.1) abahlulekile / abalahlithawula (UZL rebels, vigilantes, revolutionaries, NC 8.1) those who have failed insurgents, revolutionists, mutineers, abahluleli / abehluleli / agitators, subversives, guerrillas, abakhiphisigwebo (UZL NC 8.1) / anarchists, terrorists; freedom amajaji (UZL NC 7)/ omehluleli (UZL NC 8.1) fighters, resistance fighters; traitors, the judges, the judiciary, the renegades, war-mongers constitutional court judges, the abahloli (UZL NC 8.1) the inspectors, arbitrators, adjudicators, arbiters, examiners, school inspectors assessors, evaluators, appraisers, Abahloliwe. / Abaphenyiwe (ibizomusho / examiners, moderators; umpires, referees, experts, connoisseurs, Theysentence word: UZL NC 8.1) have not been disciplinary committee members, authorities, specialistsinspected; They have not been abahluliwe / abanqotshiwe / abadliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the defeated, the examined; They have not been losers; the conquered, the beaten, overthrown governments, evaluated overthrown regimes, conquered abahloliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the already nations; the war victimsinspected, the already examined, (ii) abahlulwayo (UZL NC 8.1) those who are those already tested for virginity being defeated, those who are losing, Abahlolwe. (ibizomusho / sentence word; UZL NC 8.1) those who are failing, those who are They must be checked. , They must being beatenbe examined. , They must be inspected. , They must be searched. , They must be verified. 11
abahlungiwe / abaxoshiwe / the entertained e.g. audience, festival abadiliziwe / ondingasithebeni (UZL crowdNC 8.1) the excluded, the fired, the abajabulisi / abathokozisi / retrenched, the helpless, the victims abanamisi (UZL NC 8.1) entertainers, of circumstances performers, clowns, the ones making abahlungwa (UZL NC 8.1) those who others happywere excluded abakithi / abantu-bakithi/ abahlungwayo (UZL NC 8.1) the ones that abakwethu / abasekhaya (UZL NC 8.1) are being excluded, the ones that are my people, my clan, people of my being sifted, the ones that are not clan, people of my country, fellow making it to the final list country men, fellow tribes-men, abahluphayo / abagangile (UZL NC 8.1) people from home, people from my the naughty, the silly, troublesome country of birthpeople, irritating people, nagging abakini / abakwenu (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 1.1) people, your people, your clan, your tribe, abahluphekayo / abanhlwempu / your countrymen, your tribesmenabahlukumezekile (UZL NC 8.1) the poor Abakini. / Abakwenu. (ibizomusho / ones, the hungry, the needy, the sentence word: UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 8.1) They are destitutes, the sufferers your people. abahluphile (UZL NC 8.1) the ones that abakubo / abakwabo (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL have been constantly naughty, silly, NC 8.1) his / her people. irritatingabahluzayo (UZL NC 8.1) those who are Abakubo. / Abakwabo. (ibizomusho / sentence responsible for selecting and sifting or excluding others e.g. coaches in word: UZL NC 8.1) They are her / his peoplesports, administrators at the Abakuphi? (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) university Where are they from?; Where do abahluzi / abaciphothi (UZL NC 8.1) the they come from? e.g. abantu / analysts, the critics, people; abameli / lawyers; omama / abahluzwayo (UZL NC 8.1) those who are mothers; ogandaganda / tractorsbeing assessed e.g. students abakhakhansi / abagquqguzeli (UZL abahlwayi / abaphanti / NC 8.1) campaigners, organisers abaphenyi / abophando (UZL NC 8.1) Abakhale. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) investigators, reseachers, surveyors, They must cry. , They must detectives complain., They must lodge a abahlwithimuhlaba / abahlwithi complaint. , They should submit a (UZL NC 8.1) / amakholoniyali (UZL NC 7) grievance. , They must voice their colonialists, annexationists, land dissatisfaction. grabbers abakhaliphile / abahlakaniphile abahwebi / abashakazi / (UZL NC 8.1) / izihlabani (UZL NC 9)/ abadayisi t(UZL NC 8.1) traders, dealers, ogalakajane (UZL NC 8.1) the intelligent, merchants, suppliers the smart, the wise, the brainy, the abahwiphilizi / abomukhonyovu / wizards, the experts, the geniuses abakhonyovayo (UZL NC 8.1) fraudsters, abakhalimi / onoxolo / oxolani (UZL corrupt people NC 8.1) the preventers, the mediators, abajabule / abathokozile / the reconcilers, the peacemakers.abajabulayo / abathokozayo / abakhalisi / abaduduzi / abaneme (UZL NC 8.1) the happy ones, abashushuzeli / ababhodla kunye emuswaneni (UZL NC 8.1) grievers, mourners, supporters during 12
grieving period, sympathisers, abakhathele / abenele / comforters abangasafuni lutho / abangafuni-abakhandi / abakhandayo / lutho / abacikekile / abacacamezi / abaciciyeli / abahluthukile / abaphoxekile (UZL omakhi / omakhandane (UZL NC 8.1) NC 8.1) the sick and tired, those who fixers, repairers, builders have had enough, the disillusioned, abakhanyiselwe / the disenchanted, the disappointed abakhanyiselekile / abafundile / Abakhe. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1 : UZL abaphiwingqondo (UZL NC 8.1) the NC 1.1) They are hers or his, abakhe = enlightened, the informed, aware, his / hers e.g. abantu bakhe uThandi educated, the knowledgeable, the / The people are Thandi’s, her or his learned, the wise, the literate, the people (UZL NC 1.1)intellectuals, the tutored, the abakhe (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 1.1) hers, his illuminated, the apprised; the abakhempi / abakhempile / civilized, the refined, the cultured, abaqhinqile (UZL NC 8.1) campers, the the cultivated, the sophisticated, the sit-in protestersadvanced, the developed, the abakhendli / ababambimithi / liberals, the open-minded, the broad- abambimakhambi / osomakhambi minded. (UZL NC 8.1) / izinyanga (UZL NC 8.1) the abakhaphi / abalandeli (UZL NC 8.1) the traditional or herbal medicine followers, the supporters, the specialists, the specialist traditional devotees, disciples, apostles, or herbal medicine userssupporters, defenders, champions, abakhenkethi / abavakashi / believers, worshippers, votaries abakhenkethile /abavakashile / abakhandi / abalungisi (UZL NC 8.1) the abangcebeleki / abangcebelekayo fixers, the operators (UZL NC 8.1) / izivakashi/ izihambeli (UZL abakhandlekile (UZL NC 8.1) the NC 8.1) tourists, visitors, travellers, overworked. holidaymakers, sightseers, abakhandlwa (UZL NC 8.1) those who excursionists, backpackers, globe-were overworked. (2) the trotters, day trippers, trippers, overworked explorers, voyagers, journeyersabakhankasi / abagqugquzeli / abakhethekile /abakhonjiwe (UZL NC abahehi (UZL NC 8.1) campaigners, 8.1) / amazimutiti (UZL NC 7) the chosen, lobbyists, organisers, recruiters the selected, the chosen few, the abakhangisi / abahehi (UZL NC 8.1) exclusive ones, the elitedisplayers, exhibitors, pageants, abakhethiwe / abaphathiswa (UZL NC beauty pageants, exhibitionists 8.1) / amaLunga ePhalamende / abakhanyisi / ama-elekthrishiyeni amakhansela (UZL NC 7) the elected (UZL NC 8.1) electricians, the lighters, the representatives, Members of illuminators, Parliament (MPs), Members of abakhaphi / abakhaphayo / Provincial Legislatures, (MPLs), abaphelezeli / abahambisanayo councillors, members of ward (UZL NC 8.1)/ izindwendwe (UZL NC 9) / committees imishungo (UZL NC 10) procession, line, abakhi /abakhizindlu / file, column, convoy, cavalcade, abamisizakhiwo (UZL NC 8.1) the caravan, queue, rank, string, residents, citizens, locals, ratepayers, succession, progression, array, train community members, (2) builders, bricklayers, architects, construction 13
workers, labourers, carpenters (3) are from this house (ii) the ones who designers, planners, makers, are present; those who are present, contrivers, establishers, creators, those who are in attendance, those fabricators, who are here, those who are there.abakhimizi / abakhizindlu / abakhongi / abakhandimizi (UZL NC 8.1) home abakhulumelimukhwenyana / builders, house builders. (2) home abaphembibuhlobo (UZL NC 8.1) ilobolo owners negotiators, the ones sent to abakho (UZL NC 8.1 : second person, singular) negotiate a ‘bride price’ on behalf of yours e.g. abantu abakho / the the groom, the trusted ones sent to people are yours, your people negotiate ilobola and facilitate Abakho. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1: relationship between the groom and second person, singular) They are yours. ; e.g. the bride’s familyAbakho laba abantwana. /These abakhomba-ngophakathi / children are yours. ababusayo / ababusisiwe / abakhohlakele / abonakakele / abanothile / abadlizambane abangcolile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izonakali / likapondo (UZL NC 8.1) the rich, the well izingcoli (UZL NC 9) immoral people, to do, the well off, the wealth, the unethical people, corrupt people blessed, those with money, those abakhohlisi / abafarisi / with abundant meansabanamanga (UZL NC 8.1)/ izigelekeqe abakhonondi / abakhalayo / / izigebengu (UZL NC 9)/ abaluthanayo abanezikhalazo (UZL NC 8.1) (UZL NC 8.1) deceivers, liars, swindlers, complainers, the complainers, the impostors, hypocrites, cheaters, aggrieved, the protesters fraudsters, charlatans, rogues, abakhukhumele / villains, scoundrels; deceivers, ontabakayikhonjwa (UZL NC 8.1) / deluders, dissemblers, hoaxers izichizi (UZL NC 9)/ abazithwele / abakhohlisiwe / abagetshengiwe / obaqwe (UZL NC 8.1) arrogant people, abaluthiwe / omenziwa (UZL NC 8.1) the haughty, egotistic, superior, cheated, the deceived, victims of overbearing, pompous, boastful, robbery, the defrauded proud, lofty, lordly, snobbishAbakhokhe. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC abakhulelwe / abamithi / 8.1: UZL NC 8.1) They must pay. ; They must abazithwele (UZL NC 8.1) pregnant cough up. women, the pregnant, those abakhokhintela / expecting babies, those having abathelelimuhlaba / abaninimizi babies, those with babies on the way, (UZL NC 8.1)/ izakhamuzi (UZL NC 9)/ those having children , the abathelelimpahla (UZL NC 8.1) expectants, those carrying children taxpayers, ratepayers (2) those who have grown othersabakholiwe /abakholiweyo / abakhulile / abadala / abakholwayo / abakhonzayo (UZL NC omakadebona (UZL NC 8.1) the grown, 8.1) / amaKrestu / amaSulumane / the aged, grannies, the elders, amaJuda (UZL NC 7) believers, grown-ups, elders, elderly Christians, Muslims, Jews abakhulisiwe / abamulile (UZL NC 8.1) abakhona (UZL NC 8.1 : UZL NC 8.1) the the grown, the graduated, the ones owners, the occupiers, the rightful who have been through the owners, of there e.g. Laba abantu ‘umemulo’ (coming out of age or who abakhona kulomuzi. / These people have turned 21 or more than 21 14
years old and have received a law from the bride’s side. (The blessing from their parents through groom calls his father-in-law and all a traditional ritual ceremony) those males relatives and peers of abakhulu / abadala (UZL NC 8.1) / his bride’s fathers abakhwe).izikhulu (UZL NC 9) / abaphethe / abakhwekazi / abalingani / abathathizinqumo / abanqumayo omulingani (UZL NC 8.1) the mothers-in (UZL NC 8.1) the great, the ones with law from the bride’ side, the authority, the elite, the superiors, mothers-in-law peers or age group decision-makers from the bride’s side. (The groom abakhuluphele / abacebile / calls his mother-in-law , her friends abanonile (UZL NC 8.1)/ izidudla / and relatives of the same age group izindishindishi / iziqhubhebhe, abakhwekazi). izimbilikixi (UZL NC 9) fat people, obese abakwakhe / abasemuzini (UZL NC 8.1) people his or her people, his or her in-laws, abakhungathekile (UZL NC 8.1) the in-laws perturbed, the confused, the puzzled, abakwami / abasemuzini (UZL NC 8.1) the shocked, the alarmed, my people, my in-laws, in-laws abakhunjulwa / abakhunjulwayo abakwenye-indawo (UZL NC 8.1) the / abangakhohlakali (UZL NC 8.1) the people from another place missed, the unforgettable abakwenye-indlu (UZL NC 8.1) family abakhuthuzi / relatives, people from another house abahlwithizikhwama (UZL NC 8.1) abalamanayo / othumbulinye / /amasela (UZL NC 7) pickpockets, osisusinye / osendelinye / thieves, petty thieves, bag-snatchers abashiyelene-ibele / ogazi / abakhwenyana / abalamu / abandawonye (UZL NC 8.1) / izelamani abaganiwe (UZL NC 8.1) grooms, the (UZL NC 9) siblings, brothers and sisters younger male in-laws from the from same parents, brothers and groom’s side, the male peers from sisters from the same biological the groom’s side. (The bride’s family mother , their relatives and associates refers abalamuli / abakhixolo (UZL NC 8.1) the to all the men of similar age group mediators, the peace-makers, the go-from the groom’s side between, arbitrators, peacemakers, abakhwenyana). peace facilitatorsabakhwabanisi (UZL NC 8.1)/ abalandeli / abasekeli / izikhohlakali (UZL NC 9) / amasaphotha (UZL NC 8.1) followers , abahwiphilizi (UZL NC 8.1)/ izigebengu supporters, emulators/ izigelekeqe / izinswelaboya (UZL NC abalandi / abalandimulando / 9) the corrupt, corrupt elements, abalandisi abethulimulando (UZL NC fraudsters, those involved in bribery 8.1) the story-tellers, the historians, activities, swindlers, dishonest , the narrators, the tour guides untrustworthy abalaphi / abelaphi /abelaphi-abakhwazi / abamemezayo (UZL NC bendabuko (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinyanga (UZL 8.1) shouting people NC 9)/ odokotela (UZL NC 8.1)/ izangoma abakhwe / abalingani / (UZL NC 9)/ abathandazi / onesi / omulingani (UZL NC 8.1) the fathers-in onompilo (UZL NC 8.1) the healers, law from the bride’s side, the older healers, doctors, medicine men and male relatives usually same age women, traditional healers, group or age status as the father-in- 15
zangomas, spiritual healers, nurses, men, masculine folks, boys, the health practitioners masculine raceabalawuli / amamashali / abalobokazi / omakoti / abangeneleli (UZL NC 8.1) marshals, omakotshana / omagotshana (UZL NC attendants, escorts, ushers, guides, 8.1) the women from the bride side, doorkeepers, commissionaires, the women on the side of the bride aides, lackeys (2) abalawuli / during the lobola ceremony abaphathi (UZL NC 8.1) / abalumbi / abalumbayo / iziphathimithetho / abalumbanayo / abathakathi / iziqhubimuthetho (UZL NC 9) directors, ababulali (UZL NC 8.1) the evil ones, the authorities, rulers witches, the witch doctors, the abale / abakude (UZL NC 8.1)/ izifiki (UZL dangerous muti concoctors meant to NC 9) foreigners, people from far cause harm, the killersabalekeleli / abasizayo / abancedi abalungile / abanomusa / / abancedayo / abasizi (UZL NC 8.1) onomusa (female)/ omusa (male) / helpers, assistants, auxillaries abanobubele (UZL NC 8.1) kind people, abalengisi/ abalengisi-ngentambo kind hearted people, generous (UZL NC 8.1) (the hangmen, the people executioners, the terminators abalungisi / abakhandi / oxolani abalele / abangasekho / abafile / (UZL NC 8.1) the fixers, the correctors, the abadangale / asebashona the dead, disciplinarians, peace facilitators, the deceased, the departed (2) dispute mediatorsabalele / abacambalele / abalusi / abakhalimi (UZL NC 8.1) the abasebuthongweni (UZL NC 8.1) the shepherds, the herdsmen, speelping people, the napping people herdswomen, the shepherd boys, abalimi / abatshali / abafuyi (UZL NC abaluthi / abawoli / abawolayo / 8.1) the farmers, the peasants, green abaluthayo (UZL NC 8.1) looters, fields workers, the agriculturalists, plunderers farmers abamangali / abakhonondi / abalingani (UZL NC 8.1) parents of abakhonondayo (UZL NC 8.1) the grooms and brides (parents of the plaintiffs, the accusers, the groom and bride refer to each other complainantsas ‘abalingani’, which means we are abamangalelwa / ababekwicala / equal). (2) peers abasolwayo / abasolwa (UZL NC 8.1) the abalinganisi / abolinganiso (UZL NC 8.1) accused, the suspects, the blamed, estimators, surveyors the prosecuted, the trialists, the abalingi /abakhohlisi / defendants, the charged, the blamed, abangcolile (UZL NC 8.1) / izingcoli / appellants, litigants, respondentsizikhohlakali (UZL NC 9) hoaxers, abameli / abamelimuthetho / coaxers, impostors, pranksters, abezomuthetho (UZL NC 8.1) lawyers, tricksters; fraudsters, swindlers, legal practitioners, attorneys, legal conmen, cheats officers, legal advisers, legal abalingisi (UZL NC 8.1) the actors, the representatives, legal executives, actresses, the imitators, the agents, members of the baremulators, the copy cats, the models abamemezi / abawelezayo / abalisa / abesilisa (UZL NC 8.1)/ abashwabulayo / abahliphizi (UZL NC amadoda (UZL NC 7)/ abalengisayo (UZL 8.1) wailers, howlers, unruly crowd, NC 8.1) the males, the male species, noisy crowd 16
Abami. (UZL NC 8.1 + first person singular: isabizwana abanikazi /omasitende / songumunini/ possessive pronoun) They are mine. abaninimizi / abanikazimuhlaba E.g. Laba abantu abami. / These (UZL NC 8.1) owners, homeowners, people are mine. ; Laba ogandaganda property owners, possessors of abami. / These tractors are mine. assets, asset holders, proprietors, abaminci / abantshontshi-ezitolo proprietresses, freeholders, (UZL NC 8.1) shoplifters landlords abancane (UZL NC 8.1) the young, the abaninimizi /omasitende (UZL NC 8.1) juniors, the inexperienced homeowners, landlords, landladies, abamoshayo / ochithichithi (UZL NC property owners, 8.1) wasteful people, extravagant, masters/mistresses, keeperslavish, uneconomical, excessive, abanonile / abakhuluphele / careless, imprudent, improvident, abadudule / abondlekile (UZL NC 8.1) / reckless; thriftless, spendthrift, izidudla (UZL NC 9) obese people, fat squandering; needless, useless, not people, plumby people needed, squandered. abanothile / abacebile / abamuhluzwayo / abashaywayo abanemali / ongxiwa / (UZL NC 8.1) abuse victims, violent abuse ongxiwankulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izicebi / victims izinkinsela / izimpunyela (UZL NC 9) abambimigqomo / ohobo (UZL NC 8.1) rich people, wealth people, the beggars, tramps, beggar men, wealthy class, bourgeoisie, beggar-women, vagrants, vagabonds, capitalists, people with means, the down-and-out, homeless people, owners of the means of production derelicts, mendicants; paupers, poor abanotho / abafumbethe (UZL NC 8.1) people the haves, people with possessions abambimigodi / abanumuzane (UZL NC 8.1)/ abasebenzimigodini (UZL NC 8.1) izinhlokomizi (UZL NC 9) the male heads miners, mineworkers, excavators, of the family, the respectable men abami. / mine (UZL NC 8.1) (2) Mr.; Masters of the Rolls (Mr.) Abami. / They are mine. (UZL NC 8.1) abancane (isiphawulo / adjective : UZL NC 8.1) few abanakekeli / abahlengi (UZL NC 8.1) (2) young ones (3) thin ones carers, nurses, health professionals, abancedi , abancedisi / abasizi / caregivers abalekeleli (UZL NC 8.1) helpers, abanakwabo (UZL NC 8.1) his / her assistants, workmates, teammates, fellow lovers partners helpmates, associates, aides, abanakwenu (UZL NC 8.1) your fellow colleagues, supporters, partners, lovers partners deputies, collaborators, abanakwethu (UZL NC 8.1) my fellow subordinates, auxiliariessisters-in law, our fellow lovers’ abancelisi (UZL NC 8.1) breast-feeding partners women, nursing people, abane / abangu-fo (UZL NC 8.1) four abandawonye / abasisusinye (UZL NC people, 4 people, four (UZL NC 8.1 only) 8.1) siblings, biological borthers and abanene / ababunene / sisters abanomusa / abalungile/ abangakithi / omukhaya (UZL NC 8.1) abalungileyo (UZL NC 8.1) the kind, the homeboys, homegirls, those from compassionate, humanitarians, the one’s people sensitive people, the empathetic abangani / abahlobo / people abezwanayo (UZL NC 8.1) friends, 17
companions, intimates, confidantes, abantukazana (UZL NC 8.1)/ uquqaba soul mates, playmates, fellows (UZL NC 3)/ izihlwele (UZL NC 9) ordinary abangasekho / abalele / people, common people, the asebashona / abangasekhoyo / populace, the masses, crowds abakwelokuthula (UZL NC 8.1) / abantwana (UZL NC 8.1)/ izingane (UZL NC amadlozi / amathonga (UZL 7) the 9)/ omuntuza (UZL NC 8.1)/ usapho (UZL NC deceased, the ancestors, the dead, 3) children, youngsters, young ones, the expired, the departed, the gone, little ones, boys, girls, babies, the no-more, those who have passed newborns, infants, toddlers; on, passed away; late, lost, lamented, schoolboys, neonates, schoolgirls, the perished, the fallen, the slain, adolescents, teenagers, youth, young slaughtered, the killed, murdered, men, young women, young ladies, lifeless, the defunct, extinct, young people, young adults, inanimate, insentient, inert (2) In juveniles, minors, juniors, striplings, some Zulu cultures abangasekho fledglings, whippersnappers (2) In refers to the equivalent of guardian the Zulu culture abantwana are also angels. princes and princesses. Abantwana abangazi (UZL NC 8.1) / izithumuthumu basendlunkulu (princes and / izintothololo (UZL NC 9) the ignorant, princesses, from the house of the those who do not know, the ones still first or senior wife.living in dark ages, the naïve, the less abanye (isiphawulo / adjective) others, informed e.g. Uyingxenye yalaba alternatives, other + UZL NC 8.1 abangazi lutho. She/He is part of the noun e.g. abanye abantu / other group that is ignorant. peopleabaNguni (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaNguni (UZL NC abapeketuli / abaphandi / 7) people who belong to the Nguni abanyundululi (UZL NC 8.1) inquisitors, linguistic group (isiXhosa, isiZulu, researchers, scrutineers , isiSwazi, isiNdebele) scrutinizers, fact-finders , probers, abangcwabi / abafihlizidumbu (UZL surveyorsNC 8.1) funeral directors, undertakers, abaphangalele / abafile / morticians abafileyo / abangasekho (UZL NC 8.1) abangcwele / ongcwelengcwele (UZL the dead, the deceased, those who NC 8.1) the saints, saints have passed on, the ones beyond, abantabakhulu (UZL NC 8.1)/ izikhulu abaphangi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amasela (UZL NC (UZL NC 9)/ abahlonishwa (UZL NC 8.1)/ 7)/ izigebengu (UZL NC 9)/ abagqekezi izicukuthwane (UZL NC 9) people with (UZL NC 8.1)/ izephulamuthetho (UZL NC 8.1) power, those with authority, those the robbers, the corrupt people, people who command respect in fraudsters, burglars, thieves, society, those people elevated above housebreakers, muggers, shoplifters, others in a community, the stealers, looters, pilferers; raiders, honourable , the rulers, the plunderers, pillagers, marauders; governors, the great people bandits, brigands, pirates, abantu (UZL NC 8.1) / uluntu (UZL NC 3) / highwaymen isizwe (UZL NC 5) the people, human abaphangingqangi / izigebengu beings, persons, individuals, humans, otsotsi / ongqondongqondo (UZL NC mankind, humankind, the human 8.1) con artists, tricksters, fraudsters, race, Homo sapiens, humanity, the cheaters, crooks, human species, mortals 18
abaphansi / abangasekho / abaphenyimacala-okubulala / abakwelamathongo / abaseshi-bezokubulala (UZL NC 8.1) abakwelizayo (UZL NC 8.1) the departed, homicide detectivesthe dead, the ancestors, the abaphenyisisimacala / deceased relatives, abacubungulimacala (UZL NC 8.1) abaphathi / ababusi (UZL NC 8.1)/ forensic detectivesiziphathimandla (UZL NC 8.1) rulers, abaphethe (UZL NC 8.1)/ governors, authorities, people with iziphathimandla (UZL NC 9)/ authority e.g. Accounting Officers, abathathizinqumo (UZL NC 8.1) Executive Authorities, Chief authorities, the rulers, governors, Executive Officers (CEOs), Managers, management, decision-makers Managing Directors, Directors, Chief abaphici / abaphicayo (UZL NC 8.1) / Directors, Mayors, Municipal amaxoki / amaphixiphixi (UZL NC10) Managers, Councillors, Members of perverts, deviants Parliament, Secretaries of Legislators abaphicothi / abacubunguli (UZL NC and all those with authority to 8.1) psychoanalysts, analysts, forensic govern investigators abaphehli (UZL NC 8.1)/ amashoshozela Abaphike. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) (UZL NC 8.1) the inciters, instigators, They must deny. , They should deny. , ringleaders, hooligans, ruffians They should not acknowledge. abaphehlidweshu (UZL NC 8.1) inciters abaphiki / abachilizimibono (UZL NC of violence, ring leaders, warlords, 8.1) denialists vigilantes, perpetrators abaphikeleli (UZL NC 8.1) the abapheki / osomabhodweni (UZL NC persevering, those with the undying 8.1) cookers, chefs spirit of commitment, the abiding, abaphekikhethelo (UZL NC 8.1) trained lasting, the enduring peoplechefs, professional chefs, senior abaphikisayo / abaphikisi / chefs, experienced chefs. abalwisi / abalwisanayo / abaphenyi / abaseshi / abaqophisanayo (UZL NC 8.1) / abaciphothi (UZL NC 8.1) investigators, izimbangi (UZL NC 9) the opponents, detectives, fact finders, researcher, rivals, opposers, opposition monitors, analysts, probers abaphikiwe / abaliwe (UZL NC 8.1) the abaphenyimabhuku / rejected, the dismissed, abacwaningimabhuku / abaphikisi (see abaphikisayo above) abahlolimabhuku / abaphikwa / abaliwayo / abacubungulimabhuku (UZL NC 8.1) abashaywangendololwane / auditors, forensic auditors, critics, abashaywe-ngendololwane / book reviewers, analysts abamisiwe / abaxoshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) / abaphenyimacala / abaseshi (UZL NC izaliwa (UZL NC 9) the rejected, the 8.1) detectives, criminal investigators, dumped, the turned down, the investigators, private detectives, dismissed homicide detectives, private abaphilayo / abasadla-investigators, operatives, anhlamvana / abadlanhlamvana government commissioners, public (UZL NC 8.1) the living, the alive and well, protectors, detect(UZL NC 8.1)ive the still breathing (2) abaphilayo / constables, sergeants, inspectors, abayimiqemane / abanempilo (UZL detective chief inspectors, detective NC 8.1) the healthy, the fit, the well fed superintendents, 19
abaphingi / abaphingayo / izifebe abaqaqi / abaqaqayo (UZL NC 8.1) the / onondindwa / solvers, the ones responsible for abangadlulwasiketi (UZL NC 8.1) sex detanglingworkers, prostitutes, womanisers, abaqageli (UZL NC 8.1) / izanusi / cheaters, izangoma (UZL NC 9) / abahlolayo / abaphingiwe (UZL NC 8.1) / abachithimathambo (UZL NC 8.1) amavezandlebe (UZL NC 7) illegitimate predictors, the foretellers, children, children born out of fortunetellerswedlock; illegitimate people abaqaphi / abavikeli / onogada / abaphiwe / abanamathalente the oqonda (UZL NC 8.1) / amaphoyisa (UZL talented, the gifted abaphoxi / NC 7) guards, sentries, sentinels, abaphoxayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ iziphoxi (UZL security guard, night-watchmen, NC 9) spoilers, embarrassing people, protectors, defenders, guardians, troublemakers, mischief-makers, custodians, keepers, scouts, lookouts, rabble-rousers, firebrands, agitators, watchers, garrisons, prison wardersringleaders, incendiaries, inciters, abaqashi / obasi / omedemu (UZL NC instigators; demagogues; 8.1) employers, people responsible for scandalmongers, gossipmongers, hiring and sometimes firing workers meddlers, provocateurs e.g. bosses, managers, manageresses, abaphulimithetho / ophumasilwe patrons, proprietors, directors, / okhandalimutshelokwakhe (UZL NC managing directors, chief executives, 8.1)/ izigilamikhuba / principals, presidents,izigilamukhuba / izigcwelegcwele abaqashwa / abasebenzi (UZL NC 8.1) / izilelesi / izelelesi / izigebengu employees, workers, temporal staff, (UZL NC 9) lawless people, law-breakers, interns, the hired ones, the human anarchists, criminals, offenders, resource complement of the terrorists, felons company, the contract workers, the abaqambi / abasunguli / seasonal workers. abaphembi (UZL NC 8.1) inventors, abaqeqeshi / abacushisi / creators, originators, devisers, abagaqisi (UZL NC 8.1) coaches, trainers, innovators, designers, developers, mentors, instructors, tutors, gurus, makers, producers, pioneers, pedagoguesmasterminds, scientists, discoverers abaqoki / abakhethi / abakhombi abaqambimanga / abakhohlisi / (UZL NC 8.1) nominatorsabasesenga-ezimithiyo (UZL NC 8.1) the abaqokiwe / abakhethiwe / liars, the false generators, deceivers, abakhonjiwe (UZL NC 8.1) nominees, the fabricators nominated, the selected, the abaqambimaculo / abethimaculo preferred (UZL NC 8.1) the music writers, music abaqophi / abahlanganisi / producers abasunguli / osomakhono (UZL NC 8.1) abaqaphi / abavikeli / onogada (UZL crafters, carvers, the originators, NC 8.1) the security guards, the body innovators, producersguards, abaqoqintela (UZL NC 8.1) tax collectors, abaqaphizingovolo / oqonda / receiver of revenue officers, SARS abahlomile / abahlomezingovolo personnel, staff members in (UZL NC 8.1) armed guards, armed municipal treasury departments response, guards abaqhathi / ohlohlimpi (UZL NC 8.1)/ amaxoki (UZL NC 7)/ osusimpi (UZL NC 8.1) 20
the instigators, contrivers, abasebenzizimayini / masterminds, inciters, agitators, abambimigodi (UZL NC 8.1) mine fomenters, troublemakers, agent workersprovocateurs, ringleaders abasekeli / abalandeli / abaqhathwa (UZL NC 8.1) those who abazinikele / abakholwayo (UZL NC were trained in fist and stick fighting, 8.1) disciples, devotees, advocates, the stick fighters, the instigated believers, backers, lobbyists, abaqhinqile / o-asisuki-la / adherents, promoters, defenders, osiyahlala-lapha / osiyahlala-la supporters, upholders, votaries, (UZL NC 8.1) people who are staging a sit- partisans, crusaders, proponents, in, the sit-in strikers campaigners, apologists (2) abaqhubi / abashayeli (UZL NC 8.1) contributors, donors, benefactors, drivers, pilots, captains sponsors, (3) fans, zealots, followers, abasabisanayo / abashokobezi (UZL devotees, admirers NC 8.1) / iziqhwaga (UZL NC 9)/ amabhuli abasekhaya / abakithi / (UZL NC 7) intimidators, persecutors, abakwethu / abasendlini /abegazi tyrants, tormentors, browbeaters, / ogazi / omuzala / omulamu / coercers, subjugators, scourges, osihlobo (UZL NC 8.1) / izihlobo-zegazi ruffians, thugs, criminal elements (UZL NC 9) relatives, blood relatives, abasakazi (UZL NC 8.1) /izintatheli (UZL member of one's family, people with NC 9) the journalists, the radio the family ties, one's (own) flesh and announcers, announcers, T.V blood, kinsmen, kinswomen; next of presenters kin, kith and kin, kindred; one’s abasanganayo / abasangene / brothers, sisters, cousins, nephews, onhlekabayeni / abahanjelwe- distant cousins, close cousins, in-ngamakhanda (UZL NC 8.1)/ izinhlanya laws, same blood descents (UZL NC 9) the insane, lunatics, mad men, abasemuzini (UZL NC 8.1) bride’s in-mad women, laws, in-laws; the groom’s family abasebenzi / abaqashwa (UZL NC 8.1) / members, husband family, boyfriend izisebenzi (UZL NC 9) the workers, family membersemployees, workforce, labourers , Abasemuzini. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC the artisans, the hired 8.1) They are my in laws. (bride’s side)abasebenzindlini / abasizindlini / abasekhweni / osibali (UZL NC 8.1) abancedindlini / groom’s in –laws, the brides family, abasebenzizindlini / the wife’s family, the girlfriend’s abasizizindlini / family membersabancedisizindlini / abacwali / abaseshi / abaphenyimacala / abahlanzi / abasizayo / abaphenyimacalakubulala (UZL NC 8.1) abasenzimakhaya / detectives (See abaphenyi above) abacwalimakhaya / abasizi / abalekeleli / abacwalizindlu / amacwalimizi (UZL abalekelelayo / abancedisi / NC 8.1) domestic workers, domestic abafakisana-isandla / servants, garden maintainers, abafakanisandla (UZL NC 8.1) support professional home assistants (pha), staff, helpers, assistants, co-workers, professional home executives (phe), fellow workers, workmates, cleaners teammates, helpmates, associates, aiders, aides, colleagues, supporters, partners, collaborators, 21
subordinates, deputies, auxiliaries, abashicileli (UZL NC 8.1) publishers, interns, second in-charge, second in- producerscommand, number two, right-hand abashumayeli / men, right-hand women, wingmen, abezwilokumukhonza / abezwi (UZL attendants, juniors, acolytes (2) NC 8.1) / izinceku-zenkosi (UZL NC 9) / accessories, accomplices, henchmen abafundi-baJesu / abalandeli-abasizindlini / abancedisi / baJesu/ abafundizwi / abacwalimakhaya / abacwalimizi abalandelibezwi / abafundisi (UZL NC (UZL NC 8.1) domestic helpers, 8.1) preachers, evangelists, priests, Professional Home Assistants (PHA), reverends, pastors, ministers of religion, derogatory word okhishini / servants, slave girls , kitchen girls abashumayezwa / abalandeli (UZL NC 8.1) / amakholwa (UZL NC 7) the abasocongi (UZL NC 8.1) / izinkabi (UZL congregation, the followers, NC 9) assassins, murderers, killers, disciples, the believers, believers executioners, gunmen, butchers, abashushisi (UZL NC 8.1) prosecutorsslaughterers, liquidators, abashushiswa / abamangalelwa / exterminators, terminators, in South ababoshwayo / abasolwa (UZL NC 8.1) Africa izinkabi are assassins usually the prosecuted, plaintiffs associated with the volatile taxi abashushumbisi / industry abashushumbisizidakwamizwa abasongi / ababophizungu / (UZL NC 8.1) drug dealers ababulalizwe / abaxabanisi / abatakuli / abathungathi (UZL NC 8.1) ababophi-manqina-enyathi / rescuers, the excavators, emergency omadlizithende (UZL NC 8.1) / amaxoki rescuing officers, firefighters, / amaphixiphixi (UZL NC 7) plotters, abatakulwa / abahlengiwe (UZL NC 8.1) conspirators, co-conspirators, the rescued, the survivors, the schemers, intriguers, planners, exhumed.machinators , conspirers, cabalists, abatakuliwe / abatakulwe (UZL NC 8.1) assassins the rescued, the survivors of abasoziseli / abasobozeli / earthquake, mud slide survivors, onkonkozelo / abakhongozelayo / rock falling survivors, mining abacelayo (UZL NC 8.1)/ izilambi (UZL NC 9) disaster survivors, the recovered / abanhlwempu / abadingayo / under debris of a collapsed building abalambile / abaswele (UZL NC 8.1) or structure.beggars, the hungry, the poor, the abatapi / abatapuju / abatapiluju desolate, the have nots (UZL NC 8.1) honey collectorsabasubathi / abagijimi / abatapimabhuku / abesubathi / abagijimayo (UZL NC 8.1) abalondolozilwazi / runners, sprinters, comrades abalondolozimabhuku / marathon runners, joggers osozincwadi / abakhwezimibhalo abasunguli / abaphembi / (UZL NC 8.1) / amalayibrariyeni (UZL NC 7) abaqambi (UZL NC 8.1) originators, librarians, archivists, information innovators, creators officers, information management abashayeli / abaqhubi / odrayiva officers(UZL NC 8.1) drivers, pilots, motorists, abathaki / abathakimakhambi (UZL chauffeurs, operators , engineers NC 8.1)/ izinyanga (UZL NC 9)/ abashevi / abagundi (UZL NC 8.1) osokhemisi (UZL NC 8.1) medicine shavers, barbers 22
mixtures, pharmacists, chemists, sellers, retailers, shop-keepers, medicine dispensers, street vendors, vendors, traders, abathakathi / abahambahambayo purveyors, shopkeepers, suppliers, / abahambihambi / abaloyi / stock-keepers, stock-brokers, abathwebuli (UZL NC 8.1) witches, black traders, merchants, dealers, magicians, the black arts, the occults, advertising agents, salespersons, those who practise occultism, sales-representatives, agents, wizardry, witching, necromancy, auctioneers, street-vendors, (2)the voodoo voodoo, hoodoo, wonder- sell-outs, traitors, enemy whistle-working, divination blowers, betrayers, back-stabbers, abathakazeli (UZL NC 8.1) / abalandeli double-crossers, double-dealers, / ababongeli (UZL NC 8.1) / izimbongi renegades, Judases vipers, turncoats, (UZL NC 9) praise singers, poets, orators defectors, apostates, deserters; (2) followers, the indoctrinated, the collaborators, fraternizers, colluders, assimilated, the coerced informers, double-agentsabathameli / ababukeli / abathelintela / abakhokhintela / abagqolozeli (UZL NC 8.1) / omisisizwe (UZL NC 8.1) taxpayers, amashoshozela / amasaphotha (UZL ratepayers, registered motor-NC 7)/ izethameli / izihlwele (UZL NC 9) owners, road users, toll-gate payers, spectators, onlookers, watchers, abathethimacala (UZL NC 8.1) the legal viewers, observers, witnesses, professionals, bench, the bar, judges, eyewitnesses, bystanders, non- the tribal courts presiding officers , participants, chiefs, indunas, kangaroo court abathandazeli/ abathandazi / presiding officersabakhuleki / abomoya (UZL NC 8.1) abathi (ibizwanamusho / semi-sentence like word: UZL spiritual healers, those who pray for NC 8.1) who say e.g. Yibo laba abathii, others, those with spiritual gift to akungayiywa esikoleni. “/ These are heal others through prayers, holy the people who say, we should not water (isiwasho) and or candles go to school.abathandwa /abathandekayo / abathokozisi / abanandisi / abazalwane / abanandisayo (UZL NC 8.1) entertainers, abokumukhonzuThixo (UZL NC 8.1) dramatists, comedians, musicians, fellow-believers, fellow-followers of dancers, singers, actresses, those Christ, the loved ones, the ones who involved in activities that are meant are loved, to entertain their audiences.abathe (ibizwanamusho / semi-sentence like word : UZL abathokozisikazi / NC 8.1) who said osomahlayakazi / abalingisisikazi abaThembu (UZL NC 8.1) the people from (UZL NC 8.1) actresses, female the entertainers, female dramatists Thembu clan, the Thembu clan abathokozisi (UZL NC 8.1) entertainers abathengi /abakhithizi / (noun plural) , actors, dramatists, abatitilizi / abathengimpahla / abathule / abangasekho / abathengiluncedo / abafileyo (UZL NC 8.1) the deceased; the abathengilusizo (UZL NC 8.1) / dead; the no-more amakhasimende (UZL NC 7) customers, abathuli/ abethuli / abasakazi (UZL consumers, buyers NC 8.1) presenters, reporteers, abathengisi / abadayisi / broadcastersabashakazi / abahwebi (UZL NC 8.1) 23
abathulibohlelo / abethulihlelo / Abavumi. (umushogama /sentence abethulizinhlelo / abasakazi / word) They ddo not agree.abasakaziluhlelo / abaxovi / abaphehlidweshu (UZL NC abaphathizinhlelo / 8.1) the trouble-makers, anarchists, abaphathiluthelo (UZL NC 8.1) mutineers, insurgents, agitators, programme presenters, programme subversives, guerrillas, terrorists, directors, TV presenters, radio bioterroristbroadcasters abaxabanisi (UZL NC 8.1) the trouble-abathumbi (UZL NC 8.1) capturers, makers who cause quarrel disquiet, kidnappers, abductors, capturers, war or conflict amongst fellow seizers, snatchers, those holding human beingsothers at ransom, those taking others abaxazululi (UZL NC 8.1) the peace-hostage, hijackers makers, the arbitrators,abathungi / abaluki (UZL NC 8.1) the abaxilongi / odokotela / abalaphi weavers, the sewers, the crafters, / onompilo (UZL NC 8.1) medical fashion designers doctors, nurses, doctors who are abathungibempi / abathungimpi investigating a sickness or disease, (UZL NC 8.1) / izigayigayi (UZL NC 9) the investigators and all those instigators, the warlords, militarists, responsible for examining patientshawks, commanders, jingoists, abayali / abaluleki / ababonisi (UZL terrorist group leaders, sabre- NC 8.1) those responsible for providing rattlers, aggressors, provokers, guidance, coaching especially to belligerents problematic personalitiesabathungingqephu / abayaleli / abayalezeli / abavoti abasikelingqephu (UZL NC 8.1) fashion (UZL NC 8.1)/ imiphakathi (UZL NC 10) voters, designers those responsible for giving a abathunjwa /abathunjiwe (UZL NC 8.1) mandate to their representatives, the captives, abductees, the captured, electorates, the shareholdersthe kidnapped, the abducted, the abayalezayo (UZL NC 8.1) the ones who seized against own will, the give mandate, the ones who pass or snatched, those held to ransom, send messages those taken hostage abayeni / abakhwenyana (UZL NC 8.1) / abathungathi the searchers, the amadoda (UZL NC 7) husbands, male investigators, the search teams spouses, male partners, mate, abathunjiwe / abavalelwe captives, consort, men; grooms, bridegrooms, hostages (2) convicts, prisoners, men from the groom’s sideinamates Abayiphi? (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) abathunyiwe / abaposi / of whom, which or what?abaposayo (UZL NC 8.1) delegates, the Abaphi? /Abakuphi? (ibizomusho / sentence postmen, the postwomen word: UZL NC 8.1) Where are they from?aBathwa (UZL NC 8.1) Khoi-Khoi and San Abavamile. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) people They are a rare encounter. , They are abavikeli / abaqapheli / unusual., They seldom come by. abapheleki (UZL NC 8.1) the protectors abazabalazi (UZL NC 8.1) / amaqabane / or the defending attorneys, amadelakufa (UZL NC 7) fighters, protectors, carers, security guards comrades, freedom-fighters, strikers, Abavume. (umushogama /sentence word: (UZL NC 8.1) protesters, those with liberation They must agree. struggle credentials 24
abazali (UZL NC 8.1) the parents, mothers the apprehensive one, an / a / the and fathers of children or siblings, nervous one, an / a / the edgy one guardians, foster parents, legal ebaleni / engcekeni (undaweni / locative) in custodian of children/ siblings, the yard, from the yard, to the yard, abazalwane (UZL NC 8.1) / amakholwa at the yard (UZL NC 7) the fellow Christians, the born ebalekayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6) the again people, the saved (religious) escaping one persons, ebanizayo / efithizayo / abazelwe (UZL NC 8.1) the new born ebhanyazayo / ecwebezelayo / babies (2) abazelwe-busha / ekhanyayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC abazelwe-kabusha = born again 10) the glittering one, the sparkling Christians, repented, the repented one, the shinning one, the Abazi. (ibizomusho / sentence word: UZL NC 8.1) They glimmering one don’t know. ebandayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC abazukulu / 10) the cold one, the cold ones abantwanabomuntwanami / ebandleni (undaweni / locative) in the abatabomuntwanami (UZL NC 8.1) the congregation, from the congregation, grandchildren to the congregation, at the congregation, to the assembly, from eba… the assembly, at the assembly eba / ntshontsha / thatha ebangeni (undaweni / locative) at / in / at / ngozipho / thatha ngaphandle from the distance kwemvume / thatha unganikiwe ebanzi (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) a (isenzo / verb) steal, purloin, thieve, take wide one, the wide one, the wide without permission, loot, pilfer, ones abscond with, appropriate, abstract, ebabayo (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) carry off, shoplift; embezzle, misappropriate the hot one E! Baba = is a specific greeting and an exclamation used when the groom’s negotiators seek to iba… establish a relationship with the iba (isenzo / verb) be, have e.g. iba naye / groom’s family. It precedes wedding be with him or her : UZL NC 1.1, iba plans. This greeting is largely nawo / be with it or have it = UZL NC directed to the father of the bride to 1.1 (non-human), iba nawo / have it be. It is usually the first indicator of or them / be with it or them (nawo = the groom’s asking the hand in UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7) (examples marriage traditional processes. of UZL NC 1.2 = ubhanana / banana; eba ubuchopho / kopela / examples of UZL NC 7 = plejaraza (isenzo / verb) plagiarize, copy amantombazane / girls ; iba nalo. = without acknowledging source of be with it/ s/he (UZL NC 1.1: UZL NC 2 & 3) e.g. information or idea, pass off as one's own when it is not, infringe the ijaji / judge = UZL NC 2, ugodo / pole = UZL NC copyright of another, pirate, poach, 3 e.g. Baba! Iba nalo ijaji. / Father! Be with a borrow, appropriate ebakasayo / enovalo / esabayo judge.; iba nako. = be with it (ukudla / an / a / (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6, UZL NC 10) food) = UZL NC 4 e.g. ukudla / food, ukwazi / knowledge, e.g. Jehova! Iba nako ukudla kwethu. / Lord! Be with our food; iba naso / be with it : it = isandla / hand: UZL NC 5; iba nayo. / Be with it or them. e.g. inyoka, / snake = UZL NC 1.1 : 6); imizi / houses = (UZL NC 1.1 : UZL NC 10); iba nazo. / Be with 25
them= UZL NC 9 (examples of UZL NC 9 = ibalelo / igxathi (UZL NC 2 )/ isinyathelo (UZL NC 5) warning, izingane / children; iba nabo. / Be with forewarning, alert, caution, disciplinary steps them = UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abantu / people and 8.2 ibali (UZL NC 2 )/ indatshana (UZL NC 6 )/ e.g. ubusika / winter, e.g. Nkulunkulu! iba udatshana (UZL NC 3 )/ inganekwane nabo abantu bakho. / God! be with your people. (UZL NC 6) a story, a short story, an (N. B - When using ‘iba…’ subject noun prefix essay, a brief, an account, tale, narrative, account, recital; anecdote; must not be prefixed with a vowel, but should chronicle, history; (ibali is originally a have an exclamation mark as indicated above. Xhosa word but is used by many people in Iba nami. / Be with me .(nami / KwaZulu-Natal as synonym of a short story)with me = first person : singular), Iba nakho. / be with… e.g. iba nakho ibalo (UZL NC 2 ) /umugangatho (UZL NC konke ezweni / be with everything 1.2)/ ilinganiso (UZL NC 2 ) / on planet earth. Iba nathi. / Be with isilinganiso (UZL NC 5) seniority, us (nathi / with us = first person: numerical order, pecking order, plural) ranking, grading, hierarchy, ladder, iba / thola / enza / akha (isenzo / verb) social order, social stratum, social have, create, find, e.g. iba scale, class system. Kumele nime nesizukulwane / have descendants., ngokwebalo lenu. / You should stand make descendants, create in accordance with your status descendants. according to your seniority)iba… = UZL NC 6 & 10 concord (UZL NC ibamba / ibambela (UZL NC 2 )/ 6 and 10) = It …. = (UZL NC 6), They … = (UZL NC umusizi (UZL NC 1.1 )/ ihlasikhashana 10) For example: (i) Inyoka ibabhubhisa (UZL NC 2) / inhlalasikhashana (UZL NC 6 ) / isekela (UZL NC 2 ) an alternate, an ngoshevu. / The snake kills them with venom. acting person, a seconded person, a (ii) Inyoka ibabhubhise ngoshevu. / The snake possible substitute, an interim killed them with venom. (iii) Inyoka replacement; a deputy, a relief, a ibabhubhisile ngoshevu. / The snake has killed proxy, a surrogate, a cover, a fill-in, them with venom. stand-in person; a standby person, an emergency person , a reserve, a ibabe / isibazi (UZL NC 2) spot, patch on backup, an auxiliary person, a the skin, scar, cicatrix; mark, fallback person (2) wisdom tooth.blemish, disfigurement, ibambanduna (UZL NC 2 )/ discoloration, defacement; imfolomane (UZL NC 6 ) foreman, pockmark, pock, pit; wound, lesion, supervisor, overseer, burn; birthmark superintendent, junior boss, project ibala / igceke / imunyango / leader, line manager, controller; ingaphandle (UZL NC 2 ) the ground, foreperson, prefect, exit controller open space, courtyard, floor, e.g. (the one who does not have ultimate earth, terra firma; flooring; yard, authority but authority to monitor court, quadrangle, square, close, and pronounce)enclosure, precinct (2) ibala (UZL NC 2 )/ ibambasisu (UZL NC 2 )/ isifociya / isixathu (UZL NC 5 )/ icaphazi (UZL NC 2 ) isibhamba (UZL NC 5 )/ ibhande (UZL NC 2 colour, the stain, spot, blemish, ) figure belt, woman fibre girdlediscolouration (3) ibala (UZL NC 2 ) / ibambazi (UZL NC 2 ) monitor lizard (2) umubala (UZL NC 1.2 )/ detector, scanner, recorder; security indlelakubukeka (UZL NC 6 ) colour, complexion, skin toneibalandlela (UZL NC 2 )/ isipidomitha (UZL NC 5) speedometreibalazwe (UZL NC 2 )/ imephu (UZL NC 6 ) map 26
system, security camera, CCTV concomitant, aftermath, footprint, surveillance camera, (3) observer, fruit(s), product, by-product.watchdog, overseer, invigilator, ibangwa (UZL NC 2 )/ umubangwa (UZL supervisor NC 1.1 )/ obangwayo (UZL NC 1.1 ) the one ibambela / ibamba / who is fought over, the one claimed ihlalasikhashana (UZL NC 2 )/ umusizi by different parties (e.g. UNelson (UZL NC 1.1 ) an acting person (check Mandela usephenduke ibangwa ibamba above) leANC neDA) (Nelson Mandela has ibambezela / ivimbezela (UZL NC 2)/ been reduced to something the ANC ubambezelo / uthathelo (UZL NC 3)/ and DA fight over)isibambezeli (UZL NC 5) delaying tactic, ibanjwa (UZL NC 2 )/ isiboshwa / hindrance, obstruction isigelekeqe (UZL NC 5 )/ ibhantinti (UZL ibambiso (UZL NC 2 )/ ubambiso (UZL NC NC 2 ) the arrested one, prisoner, 3)/ isibambiso / isiqinisekiso (UZL NC convict, inmate5 ) pawn, deposit, down payment, Ibaphi? (umubuzomusho / question like sentence-word : part payment, advance payment, UZL NC 8.1) Which ones? e.g abantu / prepayment, installment, security, people, abantwana / children, omama retainer, pledge, stake; front money, / mothers ) Kungabe ibaphi money up front. abantwana okhuluma ngabo na? / ibandla (UZL NC 2 )/ inkundla / imbizo Which children are you talking (UZL NC 6 ) assembly, congregation, the about?church, parishioners, parish, ibatha (UZL NC 2 )/ ubatha (UZL NC 3 ) flat-churchgoers, flock, fold, faithful, foot (2) the manner of walking as following, followers, adherents, though one’s feet are sore.believers, loyal members, fellowship, ibasa (UZL NC 2 )/ intando (UZL NC 6 ) love communicants, laity, brethren, charm, herbal medicine believed to brothers and sisters, souls (2) an make one loved assembly of men in a patriarchal ibathu (UZL NC 2 )/ isigange (UZL NC 5 )/ society ipaneka (UZL NC 2 ) glade, an open ibanga (UZL NC 2 )/ indima (UZL NC 6 )/ space in the woods or forest, a veld ubude (UZL NC 8.2 )/ ubungako (UZL NC 8.2 ibawa / icala (UZL NC 2) court case, )/ isigaba (UZL NC 5 ) distance, interval, lawsuit, action, legal action, suit, suit space, span, gap, separation, at law, cause, legal cause, trial, interspace, stretch, extent; length, proceedings, legal proceedingwidth, breadth, depth; range or reach ibawosi (UZL NC 2 )/ uvalo (UZL NC 3 )/ (2) level, standard, grade, (e.g. NQF uxegelomadolo (UZL NC 3 ) / itwetwe Level 1, Standard 1, Grade 1, Grade (UZL NC 2 )/ ukwesaba (UZL NC 4 )/ 12) ukuxegelwa-ngamadolo (UZL NC 4 ) ibangela (UZL NC 2 )/ imbangela (UZL NC 6 fear, terror, fright, fearfulness, )/ umuphumela (UZL NC 1.2 )/ isiqhamo horror, alarm, panic, unease, / isiphetho (UZL NC 5 ) cause, root- agitation, anxiety, worry, angst, cause, effect, result, consequence, ibazelo / izubela / izwibela (UZL NC 2 ) upshot, outcome, out-turn, sequel, wooden chip corollary, reaction, repercussion, reverberation, ramification; end- oba… result, conclusion, termination, oba… (directed at UZL NC 1.1) / you should be culmination, denouement, like…, be like e.g (Malume! oba njengomuntu ongazi lutho./ Uncle! You should 27
be like a person who doesn’t know anything. / obakhe (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 1.1 Uncle! Be like someone who doesn’t know human noun pronoun) his, hers e.g. Obabani anything. lobu ubuso? /Whose face is this? Obakhe. / It is his or her. oba… (UZL NC 8.2) It is for… e.g. Ubuso obakho (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 1.1 or obaThandi / The face is for Thandi. second person pronoun, singular) it is yours. obaba (UZL NC 8.1) fathers, daddies Obukabani lobu utshani? / Whose obabamukhulu / obabomukhulu grass is this? Obakho. / It is yours. (UZL NC 8.1)/ amakhehla (UZL NC 7) great – Utshani = UZL NC 8.2.grandfathers, male ancestors Obakhona. (UZALO NC 8.2) It is for there obabayo (UZL NC 1.1 adjective) the chillie e.g. ubuthongo / sleep, ubuthi / one, the hot one, bitter e.g. upelepele poison.obabayo / a hot chillie, umuthi obala in plain sight, in front of youobabayo / a bitter medicine obalo (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 2 or UZL obabekazi / o-anti (UZL NC 8.1) aunties NC 3 pronoun) It is for UZL NC 2 or UZL NC from the father’s side. ; one’s father’s 3 (examples of UZL NC 2 = ijaji / sisters. judge, iqaba / uneducated person, obabezala (UZL NC 8.1) fathers-in-law iqiniso / truth, ithambo / bone) obabomudala / obakazi (UZL NC 8.1) (examples of UZL NC 3 = uthando / older father’s brothers, senior love, ubhuqu / dust, ubambo / fathers soulmate, ubizo / calling, ulimu / obabomuncane /obaba-abancane tongue) / abafowabo-bakababa abancane Obani….? (UZALO NC 8. 2) Obani lobu (UZL NC 8.1 ) junior–fathers (the young utshani? What is this grass for? brothers of one’s father) obani = What is this UZL NC 8.2 for obabo (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 8.1 or e.g. UZL NC 8.2 = utshani (grass) UZL NC 8.2 pronoun) it is for them.. ‘It ‘= UZL NC 8.2 e.g. ubuso / face, ubusika / winter, oba… ubuthongo / sleep. ‘Them’ = UZL NC 8.1. obasi / abaqashi (UZL NC 8.1) bosses, (examples of UZL NC 8.1 = obaba / employers, fathers, omama / mothers, omalume obaso (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 5 / uncles, obhanana / bananas, pronoun) It is for UZL NC 5 (examples of obhejane / rhinos) UZL NC 5 = isithombe / picture, obabomudala (UZL NC 8.1) senior isizathu / reason, isenzo / action or fathers (the older brothers of one’s verb, isandla / hand, isono / sin brother) obaqoqile (adjective noun: UZL NC 1.1) the one obafo / obhuti / abafowethu (UZL NC who has organised them, the one 8.1) the brothers, male colleagues, who has brought them together, the brothers, male siblings, older male one who has united them, who are of similar age as one’s Obatshela. (directed at second person : singular) brothers You must tell them., You must speak obakazi / obabomudala (UZL NC 8.1) the to them., You must talk to them.most senior fathers; the eldest obayo (possessive : UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 6 or UZL brothers of ones father NC 10 pronoun) it for his / hers, its, them obako (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC (examples: obayo / It is his / hers. It 4pronoun) It (UZL NC 8.2) is for UZL NC 4 = ingane / child, imbuzi / goat = NC (examples of UZL NC 4 = ukudla / 6, It is for them (examples: obayo / food, ukwazi / knowing, ukoma / thirst 28
It is for them = imithwalo / loads = omukhulu (UZL NC 1.1) senior father, NC 10 father’s older brotherobawo (possessive: UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 1.1 – ubabomuncane / ubaba-It is non-human and UZL NC 1.2 and UZL NC 7 pronoun) omuncane (UZL NC 1.1) junior father, for UZL NC 1.1 non-human or UZL father’s younger brother NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7 (examples of UZL ubafo / ubhuti / umfowethu (UZL NC NC 1.1 non-human = ubhanana / 1.1) a brother not necessarily by blood banana, ubhejane / rhino, umango / descent.mango) (examples of UZL NC 1.2 = ubala (UZL NC 3)/ okungekho (UZL NC 4)/ umuzi / house, umulenze / leg, intwengekho (UZL NC 6)/ udwadwa (UZL umushado / wedding (examples of NC 3) nothingness, nothing, oblivion, UZL NC 7 = amantombazane / girls, non-existence, non-being, non-life; amehlo / eyes, ameva / thorns) nullity, blankness; void, vacuum obazayo (isiphawulo / adjective : UZL NC 1.1) the ubaliso / ukhonondo / carving one uthathobeka (UZL NC 3)/ inkonondo obazi (adjective UZL NC 1.1) the one who had (UZL NC 6)/ ukubalisa / ukukhononda known (2) You should know them /ukukhala (UZL NC 4)/ isikhalo (UZL NC 5) e.g. Nguyena lona obazi ukuthi complaint, cavil, quibble, grumble, kwenzenjani. / This is the one who moan, whine knew what was happening) ubambo (UZL NC 3)/ usofasilahlane (UZL obazo (possessive : UZL NC 8.2 belongs to UZL NC 9) It NC 1.1) companion, soul-mate, lifetime is theirs e.g. izinkomo / cows, partner, God sent friend, God izingane / children, izalukazi / old ordained partner, the lover destined women, izandla / hands, izono / sins to be with through eternity, soul-Obazisa. You should let them mate (2) ubambo (UZL NC 3) ribknow./You should advise them./You Ubani? (UZL NC 1.1) Who? E.g. Ubani should give them information. loyo? / Who is that?obaziyo (adjective noun: UZL NC 1.1) the one Ubani lowo? (UZL NC 1.1) Who is that?who knows UZL NC 9 pronoun ubatha (UZL NC 3) flat foot (2) a way of (them). walking with difficulty ba… = prefix sound-unit concord for UZL NC Uba… ubaba / uyihlo / uyise (UZL NC 1.1 ) 8.1 e.g. abantu (people) + hlafuna (chew ) + father, daddy *** The noun word ‘uyihlo’ or inyama (meat) = abantu bahlafuna inyama.( The people chew meat).‘uyise’ cannot be used by the first person e.g. Uphi uyihlo? (Where is your father?); Uphi ba…. ‘for’ , ‘of’ (strictly UZL NC 8.1 & UZL uyise? (Where is his or her father). “Uyihlo” and ‘uyise’denotes second person possessive. NC 8.2 within the vowel coalescence conditions. Therefore, uyihlo or uyise = your father, your In other words when the UZL NC nouns with prefix ‘o…’ and UZL NC 8.2 are subservient daddy. nouns it becomes sound-unit ‘bo’ instead of ‘ba’ ubabamukhulu / ukhokho / as in omama babantu (women of people) when ubaba-ozala ubaba (UZL NC 1.1 ) great we swap it around it becomes abantu bomama grandfather, male ancestor, grandfather (people of women) ubabekazi / u-anti (UZL NC 1.1 ) paternal Baba! (commanding noun: UZL NC 1.1) father!, aunt, aunt from the father’s side, daddy!, (a man who is senior enough father’s sister to be one’s father) ubabomudala / ubaba-omudala / …baba (isiphawulo / adjective) chillies hot; ubabomukhulu / ubaba- bitter; pungent , acidic babaza (isenzo/verb) shout for restraint, show disbelief, indicate disapproval, exclaim, show disgust 29
babazani! (isenzo / verb) shout for restraint, show disbelief, indicate disapproval. (plural) bacaka / facaka (isiphawulo / adjective) be babazani bo! (isenzo / verb: plural) Shout for flat; be leveledrestraint./, Show disbelief, indicate Bacele. / Banxuse. (ibizomusho / sentence-word disapproval (plural) UZL NC 8.1) Ask them., Request them. babela / hhalela (isenzo / verb) crave for, Baculele sing for them long for, feel like, Badala. (isiphawulomusho / adjective sentence word : Babi. (UZL NC 8.1 = ba+ adjective sound unit = umusho, UZL NC 8.1) They are old. umushwana / sentence, sentence like word) They are Bade. (isiphawulomusho / adjective sentence word : UZL ugly. NC 8.1) They are tall Babili. (UZL NC 8.1 = ba+ adjective sound units = UZL NC Badiliziwe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They have 8.1) They are two.; They are a pair; been retrenched. They are a couple. Badiniwe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They are Babone. (UZL NC 8.1 = ba+ verb = UZL NC 8.1) See angry. them (2) They (UZL NC 8.1) saw … Bahle. (ibizomushosiphawulo / adjective sentence-word : e.g. Babone inyoka / They saw a UZL NC 8.1) They are beautiful. , They are snake attractive. They are = pretty, Babambe. (ba+ verb = UZL NC 8.1) arrest handsome, good-looking, nice-them, hold them, restrain them, looking, pleasing, alluring, catch them prepossessing, as pretty as a picture; Babekazi! (commanding noun: UZL NC 1.1) aunt lovely, charming, delightful, from father’s side. appealing, engaging, winsome; Babingelele. (ba+ verb : UZL NC 8.1) Greet gorgeous, heavenly, stunning, them. glamorous, irresistible, graceful, Babophe. (ba+ verb : UZL NC 8.1) 1. Arrest or elegant, exquisite, aesthetic, artistic, catch them 2. Commit them 3. Plot decorative, magnificent, gorgeousagainst them. bakaza / xakeka / khathazeka / Babophele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Tie them xakaniseka (isenzo / verb) contemplate, on …; Make them commit…; Make bakha… (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) They build, them sign …(2). plot against them (2) They built Babophelele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Make Bakhe. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1)them commit, accountable, Reconstruct them, strengthen themundertake bakhe (possessive UZL NC 8.1, 8.2 : UZL NC 1.1) his, Babophelisise. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) make hers e.g. obaba bakhe (UZL NC 1.1) / his or them commit tangibly e.g. in writing, taking an oath, sign a contract, etc. her fathers; ubuso bakhe / his or her face: Babuke. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) See them, obaba / fathers = UZL NC 8.1; ubuso / face = look at them, watch them UZL NC 8.2; his or her = UZL NC 1.1 e.g. Bacatshangelwe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) umama / mother, ubaba / fatherThey have been given some consideration, support, bakho (possessive UZL NC 8.1, 8.2 : second person, Bacobele or bacobelele (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + singular) yours UZL NC 8.1 verb) Share with them Bakhona. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Babambeni! (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb: plural) They are present (2) of there Catch them. Bakhonze. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Babambeni bo! (ba+ verb + exclamation) Worship them., Praise them., Be their Catch them please subject. Bakhonzele. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Send regards on their behalf (UZL NC 8.1) bala / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) count, calculate, add up, sum up, tally 30
Balambile. (ba= UZL NC 8.1 +verb) They are together, ally, cooperate, collaborate, hungry. work together, act together, pull baleka / jubalala / eqa / together, get together, team up, go nyamalala / gqashula / qaqeka / into partnership, work side by side, qengqetheka (isenzo / verb) run away, pool resources; escape, get away, get out, run away, bambeka / libala (isenzo / verb) be abscond, run off, break out, break delayed, be late, be held up, be not on free, retreat, disappear, vanish, slip time, get caught up (2) be sick, be away, sneak away, sneak out (2) indisposed, be ill, be unwell, be bed-dodge, play hide and seek, evade, ridden avoid, bambekile / libalile (isiphawulo / adjective) balela / hlanganisela (isenzo / verb) delayed, held up count for, calculate for, add up for, bambekile / gula (isenzo nesiphawulo / verb and sum up for, tally for adjective) sick, ill, unwell, ailing, balekisela / hlenga (isenzo / verb) rescue, indisposed save, protect bambela / hlalela / thibazisela balisa / khononda / xakeka / (isenzo / verb) hold for, act for, do thathubeka / thatha ubeka / something on behalf of, be in the khathazeka (isenzo / verb) complain, place of, temporarily perform grouse, grouch, grumble, moan, be another’s duty. troubled, carp, mutter, murmur, bambelela (isenzo / verb) hold on, clutch, whisper; worry(2) count one’s hold, hang on to, clasp, grasp, grip, troubles and sorrows, be worried, be cling toregretful, be remorseful (3) help one bambezela / libazisa / dileya / to count dileyisa (isenzo / verb) delay, delay balisela / tshela (isenzo / verb) tell someone, linger, dally, take one's someone, narrate to, discuss with, time, drag one's feet, be slow, hold outline to back, dawdle, loiter, waste time; balisele / tshele (isiphawulo / adjective / verb) procrastinate, stall, play for time, told hesitate, dither,.baliselwa (isenzo / verb) be told, receive bambisa (isenzo / verb) help to hold on to complaint something; lay-bye, deposit, give balwa (isenzo / verb) be counted; (2) commitment balwe counted (2) fought, UZL NC bambisana / hlanganyela / 8.1 bumbanani (isenzo / verb) work together, Balwa. = They fought. unite, collaborate, help each other bami (possessive UZL NC 8.1) my, e.g abantu bambisela (isenzo / verb) hold for another bami/my people, abangane bami/my bambisele (isenzo / verb) held for friends (2) mine UZL NC 8.1 bambisene (isiphawulo / adjective) bamba / nqaka (isenzo / verb) hold, catch, cooperating, collaborating, working clasp, hold on to, clutch, grasp, grip, together clench, cling to, have in one's hand; bambisisa (isenzo / verb) hold very tight carry, bear (2) take, grab, bambisandla / bamba-isandla bambanani / hlanganani / /bambisandla / xhawula / bamba bumbanani / zwanani (isenzo / verb) ithambo / bambithambo (isenzo / verb) hold each other’s hands., unite, join shake one’s hand, hold, catch, clasp, together, join forces, combine, hold on to, clutch, grasp, grip, clench, associate, band together, club 31
cling to, have in one's hand; carry, bangwa / lwelwa (isenzo / verb) be fought bear; over; be the cause of a fight Bamboze. / Bembathise. / banzi / xembe / nabile (isiphawulo / Bagubuzele. (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC adjective ) wide., broad, extensive, 8.1) Cover them., Conceal them., Hide spacious, open, vast, spread out, them. (2) Bamboze. / Babu(isenzo / verb) outspreadlale. / Babulale bonke. (ibizomusho / Baphe. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Give them., sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Kill them., Massacre Grant them., Donate to them., Confer them., Eliminate them. to them.Bambule. / Baveze. / Baphelele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 +verb) They are Bambulizinqa. / Bambule-izinqa all in., They are all present., Uncover (ibizomusho / sentence-word UZL NC 8.1) Baphi? (umubuzomusho / question-like sentence word -them., Expose them., Unseal them. UZL NC 8.1) Where are they? e.g. Baphi Banake. / Babelesele. / Baxine. (ba abantu? / Where are the people?+UZL NC 8.1 isenzo / verb) Keep an eye on Baphindisele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 +verb) Return them. ; Observe them.; Be alert them., Take them back.against them.; Be vigilant on them. ; basa / phemba / enzumulilo / Pay attention on them. enza-umulilo (isenzo / verb) make fire, Banakekele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 isenzo / verb) take ignitecare of them. basela / phembela make fire for (2) banisa / baniza / fithiza / phayiza basela / gijima / shesha / (isenzo / verb) glimmer, glint, flicker, shwibeka (isenzo / verb) speed, haste, gleam, flare, shine, gutter, twinkle, hurry sparkle basile / phembile (isiphawulo /adjective) banda (isenzo / verb) be cold, give one made fire cold shoulder, be uninterested baselwa / phembelwa have fire banda / banda qa (isiphawulo /adjective) made for, have fire made by cold, very cold someone bandisa (isenzo / verb) make cold, freeze baselwe / phembelwe had fire banga / phikisana / xabana (isenzo / made for verb) fight over; clash, compete; baso (isabizwana songumunini / pronoun possessive) contest UUZZL NLC N8.1C; … 8so. 1= U oZLf NtCh 5e) m (UZL NC 5) (ba…= banga / dala / holela / enza kube… Bavale. / Bacindezele. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + (isenzo / verb) cause, bring about, verb) Suppress them. necessitate, bring about, give rise to, Baveze. (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Reveal them. create, begin, produce, generate, Bavikele. / Baqaphe. / Bakhusele. originate, engender, spawn, occasion, (ba = UZL NC 8.1 + verb) Protect them., Guard effect, precipitate, prompt, provoke, them. kindle, trigger, make happen, spark bawo (isabizwana songumunini / pronoun possessive) off, touch off, stir up, whip up, UZL NC 8.1 of them (UZL NC 1.1 non-induce, inspire, foster human, UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7) (ba…= bangela (isenzo / verb) be the cause of, UZL NC 8.1; …wo = UZL NC 1.1 non-human, UZL NC 1.2 or UZL lead to, result in, necessitate, cause to NC 7)bangisa / qhudelana (isenzo / verb) compete, rival; challenge, match up Bawo! / Baba! / Jehova! / (2) cause to Nkulunkulu! Father, God, Lord Bayale. (ba = UZL NC 8.1+ verb) Give them advice., 32
surveillance;(5) bukela / qaphela / offer opinions, give hints, give tips, gada look after, mind, take care of, give pointers, direct, instruct, give care for, supervise, superintend, instruction, illuminate, educate tend, attend to, minister to, foster, bukisana / bhekisana (isenzo/verb) nurse, guard, safeguard, protect (6) cause one another to watch, watch bukela / qalaza/ qikelela / bheka togetherlapho uhamba khona = be careful bukisanani / tshengisanani (isenzo / about/of, exercise verb) watch together, share the care/caution/restraint about, be experience aware of, pay attention to, consider, bukiswa / bhekiswa (isenzo / verb) be take into account/consideration, shown, have something displayed bear in mind, keep in mind; mind, for, be consulted, be made to attend to, pay heed to.(7) participate in the exhibition or showbukela/gada/qapha = guard, stand bukwa / bhekwa / jolozelwa / guard over, keep guard on, protect, gqolozelwa (isenzo / verb) be watched, be shield, preserve, defend, safeguard, gazed at, be looked at, be under spot screen, shelter; cover, patrol, police, light picket, keep a lookout at. bukululu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) of sleeping bukeza / lungiselela / cija (isenzo /verb) lazily ; of sleeping carelessly e.g. revise, reconsider, review, re- Ulele bukululu phansi. / He is examine, reassess, re-evaluate, sleeping carelesslyreappraise, rethink, think over, take bukhali / sika / zecekile (isiphawulo / another look at, take a fresh look at, adjective) sharp, knife-edged, razor-look at differently, have another sharp think about; change, alter, modify, bukhoma / obala / esigcakini / disconfirm (2) bukeza / guqula / esidlalalaleni (isandiso / adverb) at close phendula /shintsha = amend, quarters, in plain sight, in full view, emend, correct, alter, change, adapt, in front of everyoneedit, copy-edit, rewrite, redraft, bulala / bhuqa / sucuza / rescript, recast, rephrase, rework, shabalalisa / khimbila (isenzo / verb) kill, update, revamp (3) bukeza / murder, assassinate, eliminate, phinda futhi / zikhumbuze / terminate, dispatch, finish off, put to zijwayeze / prekithiza go over, death, execute, slaughter, butcher, reread, run through, study, massacre, wipe out, destroy, memorise, cram, practise annihilate, erase, eradicate, bukisa / tshengisa / hlobisa / exterminate, extirpate, decimate, khangisa / bhekisa (isenzo / verb) mow down, shoot down, cut down, exhibit, display, decorate / cause (2) bulala / khinyabeza = cripple, someone to look / admire, watch, destroy, put an end to, bring to an draw attention to (2) bukisa / end, be the end of, end, extinguish, phatha kabi / bukisa kabi dash, quell, quash, ruin, wreck, kwabanye abantu show off, parade, shatter, smash, crush, scotch, stop, strut, swagger, swank, stride, stalk, block, frustrate, thwart, put a stop to, prance (3) bukisa / tshengisa / prevent, defeat, derail (3) bulala / bonisa exhibit, show, display (4) phihliza / phahlaza(isenzo / verb) break, bukisa / fundisa / luleka / bonisa shutter, smash, fracture (6) bulala advise, counsel, guide, make ngensini = cause to laugh, recommendations, offer suggestions, overwhelm, take someone's breath 68
away, leave speechless, shake, move, (isiphawulo / adjective) poisonous, toxic, stir, stun, amaze, astonish, stagger, venomous, deadly, harmfuldumbfound; informal bowl over, bulaliswa / bhecwa / nukwa / blow away, knock sideways, blow solwa (isenzo / verb) be accussed of a someone's mind, (7) muffle, deaden, crime you have not committed, be stifle, dampen, damp down, smother, accused, be alleged, be suspected, be reduce, diminish, decrease, suppress, a suspect abate, tone down, moderate, silence, bulawa / khimbilwa / socongwa / mute, still, quieten, soften, quell. (8) ifa / thunywa kwagoqanyawo / bulala / dambisa = alleviate, siwa kwabakini (isenzo / verb) be killed, assuage, soothe, allay, stifle, mitigate, get killed, be murdered, be dull, blunt, mask, deaden, suppress, assassinated (2) bulawa / guliswa / subdue, weaken, abate, quell, get rid ifa izinhlungu/ dubulwa of, put an end to. (9) bulala / cisha = izinhlungu/ dutshulwa delete, wipe out, erase, remove, izinhlungu/ qunjwa ubuhlungu destroy, rub out, cut out, cut, cancel, suffer from something, be sick, be get rid of, expunge, obliterate, suffering, be made so sick by eliminate (10) bulala umubono / something (3) bulawa kill an idea = veto, quash, defeat, vote umuzwangedwa/ die from down, rule against, reject, throw out, loneliness (not physical death) = be overrule, stop, block, put a stop to, lonely, exhaust, wear out, tire out, put an end to, quash, overturn, overtax, overtire, fatigue, weary, sap, disallow (11) bulala / cisha = turn drain, tax, strain, debilitate, enervate, off, switch off, stop, stop working, prostrate (4) bulawa izinhlungu / shut off, shut down, cut, cut out, be in pain = hurt, give pain to, cause deactivate; put out, turn out, pain to, cause agony to, pain, torture, extinguish… (12) bulala umuzi torment, cause discomfort to; be commit acts that are not consistent agonizing, be excruciating, be with building or creating a homely painful, be sore, be uncomfortable environment, destroy generational (5) bulawa isazelo feel guilty, be legacy (13) bulala imindeni / conscience-stricken, be ashamed, be bulala isithunzi = character remorseful, be guilty, feel personally assassinate, destroy one’s social responsible (6) bulawa yinsini = be standing, destroy families (14) breathless from laughter bulala izwe / bulala isizwe / bulela / dumisa / bonga (isenzo / verb) bulala umuphakathi = commit acts give thanks, praise, express that are not consistent with building gratitude, be gratefulness, show a prosperous nation, destroy appreciation, give acknowledgement, nationhood, be a bad influence to give recognition, creditthe country, commit immoral and bulelisa (isenzo / verb) cause to express unethical acts, shutter or destroy gratitudecommunities bulelwa / bongwa / thakaselwa / bulalela (isenzo / verb) kill for tuswa / dunyiswa / khulekelwa bulalisa (isenzo / verb) cause to be killed, (isenzo / verb) be thanked, be glorified, be be part of a murder plot, participate praisedin the conspiracy (2) bulalisa / bulisa / amukela / bingelela (isenzo / …nobutha / …nobungozi / …bulala verb) welcome, receive, acknowledge, respond to, react to, take; hear, listen 69
to (2) bulisa / bingelela / khuleka of life, shrivel , wilt, droop (2)be greet, salute, say hello unhappy, unpleasantbulisanani / bingelelani greet one buncane (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 8.2) It is another little, It is few, (2) Its tiny, Its small, bulisela / bingelelela (isenzo / verb) bunga / phana (isenzo / verb) shower greet for with gifts, give generously and freely, bulisisa / bingelelisisa (isenzo / verb) well a new baby with money or giftgreet emphatically bungaza / halalisa (isenzo / verb) show buliswa / bingelelwa (isenzo / verb) be affection, exercise fondness, show greeted love, express liking, demonstrate bumba / akha/ khanda (isenzo / verb) endearment, display feelings of create, shape, hatch, innovate, approval, be sentimental, show generate, produce, design, make, tenderness, show warmth, be caring fabricate, fashion, manufacture, bungazela / halalisela / bongela build, construct, erect, do, turn out; (isenzo / verb) congratulate, commend, bring into being, originate, invent, applause, share joy, send best wishes initiate, engender, devise, frame, fordevelop, form, mould, forge, concoct. bungazisa / bongisa / halaliselisa (2) bring about, result in, cause, be (isenzo / verb) help somebody in praising the cause of, give rise to, lead to, someone, help with congratulation breed, generate, engender, produce, remarks, be part of expressing best make, make for, prompt, promote, wishes foster, sow the seeds of, contribute bungazwa / bungazelwa / to (3) establish, found, institute, hlalaliselwa / bongelwa (isenzo / verb) constitute, inaugurate, launch, set up, be congratulated, be thanked, be put in place, start, lay the praised, be applauded foundations of; form, organize, buningi (isiphawulo / adjective :UZL NC 8.2) It is develop, build up(4) appoint, make, plenty, it is abundant install as, invest; name, nominate, bunga/ phana (isenzo /verb) shower with designate.(5) conceive, give birth to, gifts, give freely, spend, expend, bring into the world, bring into heap, shower, pour, deluge, give being, bring into existence, give life generously, give unstintingly, bestow to, sire, spawn, produce freelybumbanani / hlanganani (isenzo / verb) busa / phatha / qondisa / nquma / unite, come together, join together, thatha izinqumo (isenzo /verb) govern, join forces, team up, combine, rule, preside over, control, have associate, bind together, club control of, be in control of, lead, be together, ally, cooperate, collaborate, the leader of, dominate, run, head, work together, act together, pull direct, administer, manage, regulate, together, get together be in control, hold sway, be in …bumbekile / …hlanganile been authority, be in command, be in united, been combined, been charge, reign, sit on the throne, be combinable sovereign, decree, order, direct, bumbene / hlangene (isiphawulo / adjective) pronounce, judge, adjudicate, (2) united, combined busa / jabula / thokoza / thaba / buna / shwabana/ ntwamuka nama / vuselela / gubha (isenzo / verb) wither, show no sign celebrate, enjoy, be happy, party, feast around, enjoy oneself, make 70
merry, have fun, have a good, go assemble, amass, stockpile, pile up, wild, rave heap up, rack up, run up, scrape buseka / phatheka / qondiseka together, hoard, cumulate, garner, (isenzo / verb) be governable, be a good mass subordinate, be controllable buthaka / ngaphilile / gulayo busela (isenzo / verb) govern on behalf of (isiphawulo / adjectivee) sick, sickly, weak, someone feeble buseliwe someone or other’s buthakathaka / gula / ifa (isenzo / verb) rejoicing on one’s behalf (2) be sickly, be weak, be frail, be feeble, buseliwe / jabuleliwe been be puny, be fragile, be delicatewelcomed warmly, been entertained buthana / hlangana / bumbana / well, been made to feel special hlanganyela (isenzo / verb) meet, come buselwa / phathelwe be governed together, gather, congregate, on one’s behalf (2) buselwa / integrate, assemble, join together, jabulelwa be entertained, be well meet together received buthanisa / hlanganisa / buselwe / phathelwe been bumbanisa / hlanganisa / governed on one’s behalf (2) bhangqa (isenzo / verb) join together, buselwe / jabulelwe been well bring together, integrate, unite, received, been entertained group together busile / phathile have governed (2) buthela (isenzo / verb) pick up for busile / jabulile have enjoyed, was buthele picked up happy, buthele / buthelisisa / coshisisa / busisa / ngcwelisa / dumisa / qoqisisa (isenzo / verb) pick up bongela (isenzo / verb) bless, give grace, thoroughly, pick up and leave give thanks, praise, worship, glorify, spotless, tidy up thoroughly, clean honour, exalt, adore, pay tribute to, thoroughly pay homage to, give thanks to, picked up for venerate, reverence, hallow buthelile / coshelile / qoqelile busiseka / busiswa (isenzo /verb) be (isiphawulo / adjectivee) had picked up for e.g. blessed, be rewarded, be lucky, be Ngikubuthelile. / I had picked it up fortunate, feel blessed busisela / for you khulekela / thandazela (isenzo / verb) butheliwe had been picked up for… bless for, pray for e.g. uThandi ubutheliwe udoti busiselwa / khulekelwa / wakhe. / Thandi had her rubbish thandazelwa (isenzo / verb) be prayed for, picked up for her be fasted for buthelwa have something picked up busisiwe (isenzo / verb) blessed, holy, for one sacred, favoured, ordained buthelwe been picked up for … busiswa (isenzo / verb) be blessed buthisa (isenzo / verb) help pick up, cause busha (isandiso / adverb) anew, afresh (2) to pick uprecently, not long ago, a short time buthisisa / coshisisa / qoqisisa (isezo ago, / verb) pick up thoroughly, pick up and busheshelezi / shibilikayo (isiphawulo / leave spotless, tidy up thoroughly, adjective) smooth, slippery clean thoroughly butha / cosha /caphuna / qoqa buthwa/ coshwa / caphunwa (isenzo (isenzo / verb) pick up, take, save, rescue, /verb) be saved, be picked upclear up, gather, accumulate, 71
buthwe / coshwe / caphunwe saved … buya / fika (isenzo / verb) come back, cup fell into the bucket. (b) come, arrive, get back, Amasosha enkambini bagezela buyekeza / phinda / ebhakedeni. / The soldiers at the phindaphinda (isenzo /verb) repeat, go camp wash from the bucket. over again, recite, quote, reproduce; echo, parrot, regurgitate; say again, ebha… restate, reiterate, rehearse ebhaleni (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / buyela /hamba / phinde emumva from in the wheelbarrow (2) at the (isenzo / verb) go back, leave, bar, at the tavern, at the beerhall, in buyisa / letha / zisa (isenzo / verb) bring the beer hall. back, return ebhakedeni (undaweni / locative) at / in / to buyisela / phindisela take back, / from in the bucket return back ebhaliwe (e= UZL NC 6 & 10 + verb) the written buyiswa / phindiswa emumva be one e.g. incwadi ebhaliwe / a written brought back, be taken back book; imithetho ebhaliwe / the buza / phenya / phonsa imibuzo / written lawsphanda (isenzo / verb) ask, question, ebhanoyini (undaweni / locative) at / in / to enquire, probe, investigate / from in the aircraft buzela / phenyela / phonsela ebhandeni (undaweni / locative) in fasting imibuzo / phandela (isenzo / verb) ask e.g Kumele siye ebhandeni) We need for, ask on behalf of, investigate for, to embark on a fasting mission probe for ebhange / ebhenki (undaweni / locative) at buzele asked for / in / to / from in the bank. buzisa (isenzo / verb) help to ask, assist in ebhasini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from the enquiry / to the bus e.g. Abafundi behlike buzisisa (isenzo / verb) probe thoroughly, ebhasini. / The learners got off from ask carefully, get details, ask for the bus. microscopic details ebhavini / kubhavu (undaweni / locative) at buzwa (isenzo / verb) be asked / in / to / from in the bathtub. eBhayibhelini (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the Bible …bh… ebhayisikilini (undaweni / locative) at / in / to / from in the biycle. abhakiwe (UZL NC 7) baked e.g. amakhekhe abhakiwe (baked cakes) ibha… abhaliwe ( a= UZL NC 7 + verb) the written ibhadi (UZL NC 2)/ ishwa (UZL NC 2)/ ones e.g. amabhuku abhaliwe / isilingo (UZL NC 5) bad luck, misfortunewritten books ibhakede / imbiza (UZL NC 2) bucketabhalisiwe (UZL NC 7) has been ibhala (UZL NC 2) wheelbarrowregistered ibhaleni / ithaveni (UZL NC 2) beer-hall; bar; tavern ibhamuza / ipinayi / iphuphuza (UZL NC 2) a swelling; bump; lump, bulge, ebha… inflammation, protuberance; tumour ebhadini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from ibhanisi (UZL NC 2) bun/ to bad luck ibhanoyi / indiza (UZL NC 2) aeroplane, ebhakedeni (undaweni / locative) in / to / flight, helicopter, from / on / into backet e.g. Inkomishi iwele ebhakedeni / the 72
ibhande (UZL NC 2) / isifociya (UZL NC 5) bha… belt bhabaza / shaya / qhwaba / faka-ibhandishi (UZL NC 2) protective cloth impama (isenzo / verb) slap, clap, hit to cover wound or injury; plaster of strike , slap on the faceParis bhabhadisa (isenzo / verb) baptise, ibhanke / ibhange / ibhenki (UZL NC 2) christen, inductbank bhabhadisela (isenzo / verb) baptize for ibhansela (UZL NC 2) a reward of loyalty someone e.g. avios, voyager miles bhabhadisiwe (isenzo / verb) been ibhantinti (UZL NC 2)/ isiboshwa (UZL NC baptized 5) prisoner, inmate, offender bhabhadiswa (isenzo / verb) be baptized ibhantshi / ibleza (UZL NC 2) blazer, a bhabhadiswe (isenzo / verb) baptized sports blazer, a coat bhabhaza / thathaza (isenzo / verb) wave ibhanyaza / ibhamuzi / iphuphuza bhabhazela / thathela (isenzo / verb) (UZL NC 2) swelling, buldge, wave for inflammation, lump bhabhazisa / thathazisa (isenzo / verb) ibhasi (UZL NC 2) bus cause one to wave for someone ibhari (UZL NC 2)/ isilima / bhadama / zumisa / bamba-isiphukuphuphuku (UZL NC 5)/ ubhari oqotsheni (isenzo / verb) catch off guard, / uzamuthilili (UZL NC 1.1)/ impatha (UZL catch in the actNC 6) / stupid, no so street wise, fool bhadeka (isenzo / verb) press down (2) ibhayibheli (UZL NC 2)/ incwadi- bhaka (isenzo / verb) bakeengcwele (UZL NC 6) bible bhakela (isenzo / verb) bake for (2) kick ibhathini (UZL NC 2)/ inkinobho (UZL NC 6) with hind leg or footbutton bhakisa (isenzo / verb) help one to bake, ibhayisikili / ishovashova (UZL NC 2) assist in the baking process bicycle bhala / cikica / loba / shicilela (isenzo / verb) write, scribble, inscribe, put obha… down on paper, publish (2) bhala / obhakha / ojasaka (UZL NC 8.1) bhalisa umushado / shada backpacks officialise marriage, get married, wed obhaliwe (e= UZL NC 1.2 & 1.2+ verb) the bhaleka (isiphawulo / adjective) writeable written one e.g. umuthi obhaliwe bhalele (isenzo / verb) wrote (written medicine) bhalela (isenzo / verb) write forobhanana (UZL NC 8.1) bananas bhalelanani (isenzo / verb) correspond, obhasikidi (UZL NC 8.1) baskets write to one another obhatata (UZL NC 8.1) sweet-potatos bhalelwa (isenzo / verb) be written a letter, be sent correspondence ubha… bhalelwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been ubhaqa (UZL NC 3) light, lamp, stalk of written to timbotie grass bhalile (isiphawulo / adjective)… had written, ubhakha (UZL NC 1.1) backpack have written ubhanana (UZL NC 1.1) banana bhalisa (isenzo / verb) registerubhasikidi (UZL NC 1.1) basket bhalisile (isiphawulo / adjective) registered ubhatata (UZL NC 1.1) sweet-potato bhalisisa (isenzo / verb) write properly, write skillfully, write in bold, write in readable text, write in full 73
bhalisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been bhangqwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be registered combined bhalisiswa / bhaliswa ngenkani bhangqwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been (isenzo / verb) be forced to register combined with…, had been twinned bhaliswa (isenzo / verb) be registered with, has been combined with, been bhampa / gxuma / nyakaza / combined with dansa / gxumagxuma / gxala (isenzo / bhansela (isenzo / verb) reward loyaltyverb) bounce, jump, hop, prance, bhanselwa (isenzo / verb) be rewarded for bound, dance, leap lyalty bhampela (isenzo / verb) bounce for (2) bhanyaza / fithiza (isenzo / verb) flicker bhampela / delela / chwensela bhanyeka / neka / chaya (isenzo / verb) show disregard towards someone, be expose, reveal, put in full viewdisrespectful towards someone, be bhaqa (isenzo / verb) catch unaware, catch insolent, be impudent, be uncivil off guard bhampisa (isenzo / verb) cause to bounce bhaqana / bhaqanani (isenzo / verb) bhambisisa (isenzo / verb) bounce catch each other unaware rigorously, bounce meticulously bhaqanisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone bhanda / namathisela / hlikihla to be caught (isenzo / verb) paste, smother, glue, stick, bhaqanisela (isenzo / verb) scheme to rub on have one to be caught bhandela (isenzo / verb) paste for, bhaqanisele (isenzo / verb) schemed to smother for, glue for, stick for, rub on have one to get caught for bhaqaniselwa (isenzo / verb) have bhandisha / mboza isilonda (isenzo / someone or others to scheme to have verb) cover the wound, protect wound , you caught in the act put protective cloth or plaster on the bhaqaniselwe (isenzo / verb) had wound someone or others scheming against bhandishela (isenzo / verb) cover for, you in order to get caught protect wound for bhaqanisisana (isenzo / verb) act bhandisisisa (isenzo / verb) protect the recklessly to have someone caught wound carefully, cover the wound bhaqanisise (isenzo / verb) cause two or appropriately more opposing groups to catch each bhandishiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had other unaware or in the act been bandaged, had been covered, bhaqanisisiwe (isenzo / verb) be caused have been bandished, have been (as two or more opposing groups) to covered, has been bandished, has be caught unaware or in the act been covered bhaqanisiswa (isenzo / verb) be caused by bhandishiswa (isenzo / verb) be something to be caught unaware or compelled to bandage one self, in the act someone or something bhaqanisiswe (isenzo / verb) having been bhandishwa (isenzo / verb) have one’s caused by something to be caught wound covered, be bandished unaware or in the act bhangqa (isenzo / verb) combine, set up, bhaqeka (isenzo / verb) be gullible to be twin, join caught, (2) have the higher bhangqile (isiphawulo / adjective) had probability of being caught unaware combined, combined, twinned or in the act bhangqisa (isiphawulo / adjective) cause to bhaqeke (isenzo / verb) been gullible to be combine caught because … 74
bhaqekisa (isenzo / verb) do something to bhaqiwe (isiphawulo/ adjective) been caught get others or someone to be caught unaware or in the act in the act or unaware bhaqwa (isenzo / verb) be caught bhaqekise (isenzo / verb) done something bhaqwe (isenzo / verb) caught to get others or someone to be bhava / geza / cola (isenzo / verb) take a caught in the act or unaware bath, washbhaqekisela (isenzo / verb) do something bhavanani / gezanani / colanani in order to enable another to catch (isenzo / verb) wash each other unaware or in the act bhavanisanani / gezanisanani / bhaqekisele (isenzo / verb) done colanisanani wash each other something in order to enable thoroughly another to catch unaware or in the bhaveka be washable act bhavwa be caught bhaqela (isenzo / verb) catch unaware in bhavwe caught order to … bhavumula / gonyuluka (isenzo / verb) bhaqele (isenzo / verb) caught unaware in air ones view (2) speak-out; order to … bhayiza / hlomeka (isenzo / verb) be bhaqelisiwe (isenzo / verb) been caused thoughtless, lack considerationto catch unaware in order to … bhaza / khalisa (isenzo / verb) buzz / ring bhaqeliwe (isenzo / verb) have had the / tinkle catching unaware on your behalf bhaqeliswa (isenzo / verb) been made to abhe… have caught someone unaware on abhemayo (isiphawulo / adjective) smoking behalf of someone UZL 7as in amadoda abhemayo bhaqeliswe (isenzo / verb) caused to catch (smoking men) unaware bhaqelwa (isenzo / verb) be caught ebhe… unaware in order to … ebhemayo (isiphawulo / adjective) smoking bhaqelwe (isenzo / verb) having been UZL 6 / UZL 10 as in ingane caught unawre in order to … ebhemayo (a smoking child) bhaqile (isiphawulo / adjective) caught ebhedayo (isiphawulo / adjective) a UZL 6 unaware that speaks nonsense as in ingane bhaqisa (isenzo / verb) cause to be caught ebhedayo (A child that speaks (2) be caught unaware like e.g. nonsense) bhaqisa okwempisi. / Catch unaware like a hyena ibhe… bhaqise (isenzo / verb) caught unaware ibheka (UZL NC 2) a child who rembles like a …. mother’s familybhaqisela (isenzo / verb) catch unaware ibhece (UZL NC 2) watermelonon behalf of someone ibheji badge bhaqiselwa (isenzo / verb) be made to ibhele (UZL NC 2) bear catch someone unaware when you as ibhemakancane (UZL NC 2) light the doer was unaware of the earlier smoker intentions obhe… bhaqiselwe having been made to obhejane (UZL NC 8.1) rhinoscatch someone unawre when you did obhekeni (UZL NC 8.1) bacons not know of the ulteriour motives 75
bheja (isenzo / verb) betubhe… bheka / buka / bona (isenzo / verb) look, ubhebhenene (UZL NC 3) a man with see, watch (2) bheka / funa check, bushy beard search ubhebhezela (UZL NC 1.1) a person who bhekela / bukela (isenzo / verb) watch, be spread rumours, a spectator (2) look on behalf of ubhedu (UZL NC 3)/ troublemaker, bhekisa (isenzo / verb) assist in the search instigator bhekisisa / bukisisa (isenzo / verb) umuqhudelwanongqangi (UZL NC 1.2) search thoroughly, look carefully pricey competition; stiff competition bhekwa (isenzo / verb) be watched ubhejane (UZL NC 1.1) rhino bhema (isenzo / verb) smokeubhekanane (UZL NC 2) an bhemisa / shiyelana (isenzo / verb) cause ungovernable impulse to smoke, shake cigarette, share ubhekeni (UZL NC 1.1) bacon snuff ubhemunda (UZL NC 2) short sleeve pair bhenka / khweza / khweza-imali of pants (isenzo / verb) bankubhembedu (UZL NC 2) bimpenetrable bhensa (isenzo / verb) show offobject ubheseni (UZL NC 1.1) basic abhi… abhidanisiwe (UZL NC 7 ) have been bhe… mixed up bhebha / lala / hlaba (isenzo / verb) abhilitile ((isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 7 ) are make love, fuck uncontrollable, are persistent bhebhana (isenzo / verb) make love, be (amantombazane: UZL 7 – sexually intimate amantombazane abhilitile = The bhebhetheka / anda (isenzo / verb) girls are uncontrollable.) spread, proliferate abhilitayo (UZL NC 7 ) the stubborn bhebhethekisa / andisa (isenzo / verb) ones cause to proliferate, cause the spread bhebhethela / vuthela (isenzo / verb) ebhi… incite, ignite bheda / bhimba / nhlanhlatheka ebhikawozi (undaweni / locative) at / in / to (isenzo / verb) speak nonsense, be / from the bakery inarticulate, speak illogically, speak ebhilidini (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / off the mark from the building bhedela (isenzo / verb) talk nonsense to, ebhishi (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / direct nonsense to from the beach bhedelwa (isenzo / verb) be spoken ebhizi ((isiphawulo/ adjective,UZL NC 6 or 10) the nonsense to busy one (ingane: UZL 6 = ingane bhedisa / bhimbisa (isenzo / verb) cause ebhizi = a busy child) to speak nonsense, be the cause of ebhizinisi (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / disorder from the business bhedisisa be completely off the mark, be out of order ibhi… bhediswa / nhlanhlathiswa / ibhikawozi (UZL NC 2) bakery khohliswa / dukiswa be caused to ibhigini (UZL NC 6) G-shring, (2) bikini, speak nonsense, be misled, be swim-suite, swimming constume deceived, be deluded 76
ibhijo (UZL NC 2) / ubhijo (UZL NC 3) / bhidlika / dilika (isenzo / verb) fall apart, ineklesi (UZL NC 6) necklet, necklace, crumble, tumble down, disintegrate chain bhidliza / diliza (isenzo / verb) bring-ibhili / i-invoysi / istatimente se- down, put-down, wreck, destroy, akhawunti bill, invoice, statement of destastate account bhikisha / lwela ilungelo (isenzo / verb) ibhilidi (UZL NC 2) tall building, massive protest, fight for one’s rights building structure bhikishela (isenzo / verb) protest against ibhimbi (UZL NC 2) an inarticulate bhikishele (isenzo / verb) protested person, a bad communicator against ibhilitongi (UZL NC 6)/ umuqwayiba bhikishelwa (isenzo / verb) have protest (UZL NC 1.2) biltong directed at you, be protested against, ibhisikidi (UZL NC 2) buscuit be the target of protestation ibhishi (UZL NC 2) beach bhikishelwe Babhikishwelwe ibhizi (UZL NC 2)/ ubutatata (UZL NC 8.2)/ ongqongqoshe abakhohlakele. / The ukuxakeka (UZL NC 4)/ uxakeko (UZL NC 3) corrupt ministers had been nervousness, the state of being busy, protested against. restlessness, impatience bhikishile Abafundi babhikisele ibhizinisi (UZL NC 2) business ukwenyuka kwemali yesikole. / The learners protested against the obhi… school fees increase. obhiya UZL NC 8..1 ) bottles of beer bhikishisa (isenzo / verb) cause to protest, (2) protest like. Isenzo esibi ubhi… sekhansela sibhikishisa ubhici / ukwekwezimehlweni (UZL umuphakathi. / The counsellor bad NC 3) cataract, eye infection, septicity action causes the community to rise in the eye up. ubhidlango (UZL NC 3) / umubhidlano bhikishiswa (isenzo / verb) be forced to (UZL NC 1.2) outbreak, epidemic, plague join a protest, be coerced to ubhizongo (UZL NC 6) / umutshumo (UZL participate in the protest NC 1.2) tall object bhila / invoysa (isenzo / verb) bill, invoice ubhiya (UZL NC 1.1.) beer bhilanani (isenzo / verb) invoice each other bhi… bhilela (isenzo / verb) bill for, prepare bhibiza / cakaza (isenzo / verb) hit with invoice for the back of the hand bhilita / nqaba / ilwa / phikisa bhida / xaka / didekisa (isenzo / verb) (isenzo / verb) revolt, rebel, defy, disobey, confuse, belwider, bemuse, mystify be in serious disagreement with (2) bhida / faka ithenda / thenda bhilitela (isenzo / verb) revolt against, bid, tender protest against, defy someone bhidanisa / xabanisa / xova (isenzo / bhilitelanani / nqabelanani / verb) jumble, obfuscate, muddle, phikisanani (isenzo / verb) protest or defy complicate each other, disobey each other bhidela (isenzo / verb) bid for bhilitelwa (isenzo / verb) be protested bhidisa (isenzo / verb) conduct a choir, (2) against help put together a bid or tender bhilitile / bhidlangile (isiphawulo / bhidlanga / bhilita (isenzo / verb) be out adjective) out of control, surging, of control, escalate unabated escalating unabated 77
bhimba / bheda / bhuda / ibhodwekazi / ugalaza / nhlanhlatha (isenzo / verb) be umuphekamb(UZL NC 1.1)uzi / inarticulate, be unintelligible, be ibhodwe-lomusebenzi (UZL NC 2) the incomprehensible, be incoherent, be biggest pot, massive pot, huge pot, unclear, be indistinct, be mumbled, the huge three legged pot be muttered, be muffled ibhojwana (UZL NC 2) / unopitolo (UZL NC …bhizi / …xakekile (isiphawulo / adjective) 1.1) small pot, little pot busy, occupied ibhodi (UZL NC 2) board ibhojane (UZL NC 2) a habitual liar, a abho… pathetic liar Abhodlayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 7 ) those ibhokisi (UZL NC 2) boxwith deep voices (amadoda ibhokisana (UZL NC 2) small box, tiny abhodlayo = The men with deep box (2) insignificant box voices) ibhokisikazi (UZL NC 2) big box, the real box (2) significant box ebho… ibhola (UZL NC 2) ball ebhodlayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 6) The ibholana / ibholwana / ibhola one with a deep vvoice (ingane elincane (UZL NC 2) small ballebhodlayo = A child with a child with ibholakazi / ibhola elikhulu (UZL NC 2) a deep voice.) big ball ebhodleleni (undaweni / locative) in / on / ibhomu (UZL NC 2) isiqhumane (UZL NC 5) from / at / into the bottle bomb /explosive / tipwire ebhodweni (undaweni / locative) in / on / ibhongo (UZL NC 2) a boy teenager from / at / into the pot ebhokisini (undaweni / locative) in / on / obho… from / at / into the box obhontshisi (UZL NC 8.2) beans, bean ebholeni (undaweni / locative) in / on / from seeds / at / into ball e.g. Ngiphuma ebholeni. / I am from watching ubho… football. ubhobhobho (UZL NC 3) / ubhopopo ebhorayo (UZL NC 6 & 10) the boring one large intestine ebhoshi / ethoyilethi / ubhondobhondo (UZL NC 3) / endlinencane / endlini-encane umudondoshiya talk person (undaweni / locative) in / on / from / at / into ubhoko / udondolo (UZL NC 3) walking the toilet. (a) Uyozisola uwedwa stick ebhoshi. / You shall feel remorse ubhontshisi (UZL NC 3) bean, bean seed when you are alone in the toilet. (*** ubhoncula (UZL NC 3) sexually conciensce will surely be with when transmitted disease you are absolutely alone) ubhongo (UZL NC 3) wind-pipe ubhova (UZL NC 1.1) bulldog ibho… ubhozo (UZL NC 3) uchakide weasel ibhodlela (UZL NC 2) bottle ubhozo (UZL NC 3) isithuphanyawo big ibhodwe (UZL NC 2) pot. (a) ibhodwe toe laziwa umupheki walo. / The cooker knows best what is in the pot. = The bho… one with intimate details is likely to bhoboka (isenzo / verb) pierce (2) speak-be the perpetrator. out; reveal 78
bhocobala / cobeka (isenzo / verb) iBhunu (UZL NC 2) Boer distress; look or be worried ibhungezanyana (UZL NC 2) a tiny beetle bhodla (isenzo / verb) speak with a deep ibhungezi (UZL NC 2) beetlevoice (2) release air orally (3) ibhungezikazi / ibhungezi bhodla / gunyuluka cough out, let elikhulu (UZL NC 2) a sizeable beetle, a out, speak out big beetle bhodlisa (isenzo / verb) make someone ibhunguka (UZL NC 2) a run-away perso speak with a deep voice (2) help ibhungu (UZL NC 2)/ insizwa (UZL NC 6) someone to release air young man bhokoda / gwaza / hlaba (isenzo / verb) ibhungwana / insizwana stab someone insignificant young man bhomba (isenzo / verb) set off a bomb iBhusimane / ikhaladi / ikhalathi (UZL NC 2) a coloured person, a multi-abhu… racial breed abhukudayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 7 ) the ibhutsi (UZL NC 2) boot swimming one (amantombazane ibhuthi (UZL NC 2) booth abhukudayo = A swimming child) obhu… ebhu… obhubhu (UZL NC 8.1) caterpillars ebhukudayo (isiphawulo/ adjective, UZL 6) the obhushi (UZL NC 8.1) butchers swimming one (ingane ebhukudayo = A swimming child) ubhu… ebhukwini / encwadini (undaweni / ubhubhane (UZL NC 3) / isifo (UZL NC5) locative) in / on / from / at / the book catastrophe, outbreak, epidemic ebhulukweni (undaweni / locative) in / on / ubhubhu (UZL NC 1.1) / icimbi (UZL NC 2) from / at / the trousers caterpillar, ebhulohweni / ebrijini (undaweni / ubhuqu / uthuli (UZL NC 3)/ izintuli (UZL locative) in / on / from / at / the bridge NC 9)/ ukungcola (UZL NC 4) dust, dirt ubhushi (UZL NC 1.1) butcher ibhu… ubhuzane swarm / cloud as in ibhubesana (UZL NC 2) a lion by name ubhuzane lwezinyosi ( A swarm of only, a lion not exuding the strength bees) of a lion, a little or weak lion ibhubesi (UZL NC 2) lion bhu… ibhubesikazi / ibhubesi elikhulu bhubha / phela / ifa (isenzo / verb) (UZL NC 2) huge lion, strong lion, massive perish, die lion, scary lion bhubhisa (isenzo / verb) cause to perish ibhuku (UZL NC 2) book bhubhudla (isenzo / verb) finish off, be ibhukukazi / ibhuku elikhulu / wasteful bhudubeza / nyukubeza / ibhuku eligculisayo volumous hlupha (isenzo / verb) harass, victimise, book, impressive book torment, bedevil ibhukwana (UZL NC 2) small book, few bhudubezwa (isenzo / verb) be harassed, pages book (2) poor content book, be victimized, be tormented, be unimpressive book devilled ibhulukwe (UZL NC 2) trousers, pants bhujiswa (isenzo / verb) go to hell, be ibhulukwana (UZL NC 2) cheap trousers made to perish or pants, substandard pants, poor bhukuda / dada (isenzo / verb) swim quality pants, shabby pants bhukudela (isenzo / verb) swim for 79
bhukudisa (isenzo / verb) cause to swim, bhuquza (isenzo / verb) roll in dust or help to swim, aide in swimming, something powdery, get the dust to train to swim rise up bhukudiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to bhuquzisa (isenzo / verb) roll over and swim over in dust or something powdery bhukula / sukuma (isenzo / verb) take a bhushuza / bhushuzela (isenzo / verb) stand, be forthright, stand up, walk about naked, stroll nude uphold, champion bhuxeka / gxumeka (isenzo / verb) plant bhukulela (isenzo / verb) take a stand on securely (2) bhuxeka / gwaza / behalf of, uphold on behalf of, shiqeka (isenzo / verb) stab deeply, champion on behalf of puncture, perforate, penetrate bhula / hlahla / bholofida / bona sta (isenzo / verb) predict, foretell, forecast, bhuza (isenzo / verb) swarm about, buzz foresee, prophesy, divine (2) bhula / cisha put an end to, halt, switch off, bring to an end …bl… bhulela / hlahlela / bholofidela / bonela (isenzo / verb) foretell for, predict Ablashiwe. / Abrashiwe / for (2) bring to a halt for, to an end Abhulashiwe. (ibizomusho / sentence word) for UZL NC 7 have been brushed e.g. bhulile (isiphawulo / adjective) predicted amajazi (coats belong to UZL NC 7) bhulisa (isenzo / verb) help someone or Amajazi ablashiwe. (The coats predict for (2) assist someone to halt have been brushed) something for ablakhethiwe / abrakhethiwe (UZL bhulelwa (isenzo / verb) be foretold, have NC 7) are bracketed eblashiwe predictions made for brushed UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) e.g. bhulungana / ndilingana (isenzo / verb) ingubo eblashiwe (a brushed dress) be round in shape, be in a circular or or imishini eblashiwe (brushed globular motion machines) bhunguka / nyamalala / jubala eblashini / ebrashini (undaweni / locative) (isenzo / verb) disappear, vanish, be in / at / to / from the brush untraceable iblashi / ibrashi / ibhulashi (UZL NC 2) bhunyela / thela / manzisa (isenzo / brush verb) splash, pour, wet ibleki / ibhuleki (UZL NC 2) (brake) bhuqa / qeda / phiphitha (isenzo / verb) bleka / ima / khalima (isenzo / verb) finish, complete, end (2) bhuqa / brake, bring to a halt bhinqa be sarcastic, be sardonic, be ablishiwe (UZL NC 7) the bleached ones ironic eblishiwe (UZL NC 6 & 10 ) the bleached bhuqe / ntshu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) pitch- one/s black, coal-black, too dark, very dark iblishi (UZL NC 6) bleach e.g. Imunyama bhuqe. It is pitch- ublomu (UZL NC 1.1) whitening black. substance bhuqela (isenzo / verb) pour something iblumasi (UZL NC 2) panty, underwear powdery over something (2) iblukwe (UZL NC 2) pants bhuqela / bhinqela be sarcastic on blu (isiphawulo / adjective) blue behalf of someone …br… abrakhethiwe (UZL NC 7) are bracketed ebrawni (UZL NC6 or 10) the brown one 80
ibrakhethi (UZL NC 6) bracket ibrashi / ibhulashi / iblashi (UZL NC 2) brush cacisa / chaza / enza-lula / brasha / thintitha (isenzo / verb) brush khanyisa (isenzo / verb) make it clear, ibriji / ibhuloho (UZL NC 2) bridge clarify, explain, simplify, illuminate cacisela / khanyisela / chazela …c… (isenzo / verb) explain to, make clear to someone, simplify to, clarify to, Aca… illuminate to acacile UZL NC 7 are clear e.g. Lawa caciselwa be helped to understand amagama acacile. (These words are cacisisa / chazisisa (isenzo / verb) explain clear) clearly, make it absolutely clear, acatshiwe UZL NC 7 have been clarify in detail crushed or grinded e.g. amathambo cacisile (isiphawulo / adjective) clarified, had acatshiwe. been made clear caka / bhanda / penda (isenzo / verb) Eca… paste, paint ecaleni (undaweni / locative) at / in / from / cakaza / hliphiza (isenzo / verb) scatter, to the court case split into many pieces, create disorder, strew, fling ica… cakazela (isenzo / verb) scatter, split into icala (UZL NC 2) case many pieces for, scatter for cakazekile (isiphawulo / adjective) scattered oca… all over ocadolo (UZL NC 8.1) blackjacks cakazile (isiphawulo / adjective) scattered, strewn uca… cakile / bhandile / pendile (isiphawulo / ucadolo (UZL NC 1.1) blackjack (*a widely adjective) painted, pasted cambalala / lala / thatha distributed weed related to the bur-marigold, isihlwathi (isenzo / verb) take a nap, with barbed black seeds) snooze, nap, sleep canda / genca / sika (isenzo / verb) chop, ucansi (UZL NC 3) straw-mat; mat slice, cut casuka / thuthumela / dikibala / ca… dinwa (isenzo / verb) be upset, be caba (isenzo / verb) grind agitated, be unnervedcabanga / cinga / idla amathambo casha (isenzo / verb) hideekhanda (isenzo / verb) think, consider, cashela (isenzo / verb) hide against contemplate cashisa (isenzo / verb) hide something or cabangela (isenzo / verb) be considerate someone cabangisa (isenzo / verb) help to think cashiswa be hidden, be caused to through (2) think like … hide e.g. Ucashiwa yini? (what is cabangisela / solela (isenzo / verb) causing you to hide?) suspect, be inclined towards, be caza / aba (isenzo / verb) distribute, inclined to think, presume allocate cabangisisa / cingisisa / jula cazela / abela (isenzo / verb) share with, ngengqondo (isenzo / verb) think distribute for, allocate for carefully, think deeply cazisa (isenzo / verb) help to share, cause caca (isenzo / verb) be clear to share cacela pick on another person cacelwa be made to understand cacile (isiphawulo / adjective) clear 81
ace… tarnish, damage, injure, uglify, blight, acebile UZL NC 7 are rich or fat e.g. blemish, impair Amantombazane acebile. (The girls cela / ncenga / khangeza (isenzo / are rich or fat). verb) ask, request, beg (2) cela / aceliwe UZL NC 7 have been asked buza ask, enquire, question, pose a e.g. amadoda aceliwe ukuthi akhe. question (Men were asked to build) celela (isenzo / verb) ask for, plead for celembisa (isenzo / verb) slash ece… celwa / ncengwa (isenzo / verb) be asked, eceleni (undaweni / locative) on the side be pleaded cembula / hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) ice… bisect, divide, slice, split icebo / isu (UZL NC 2) idea, concept, notion, plan, thought, mental picture, aci… theory Acinge. Look for UZL NC 7 e.g. acinge icembe / iqabunga / igqabu (UZL NC 2) amacici akho uzowathola. (Look for leaf your earings, you’ll find them) acinyiwe UZL NC 7 have been uce… switched off e.g. amakhandlela ucelemba (UZL NC 1.1)/ isizenze (UZL NC 5) acinyiwe. (The candles have been hatchet switched off) ucengezi (UZL NC 3)/ iplatha (UZL NC 6) platter eci… ucezu (UZL NC 3) piece ecimezile the UZL NC 6 that has his / her / its eyes closed e.g. UZL NC 6 = ce… ingane (child), intombazane (girl), ceba / gwilika / idla-kahle / busa / indoda (man) khomba-ngophakathi / busiseka / idla-izambane likaPondo (isiphawulo / ici…. adjective) be rich, be wealthy, be affluent, icici (UZL NC 2) / isiqhaza (UZL NC 5) earing be well-to-do, be well-off, be iciko / igagu (UZL NC 2) eloquent person moneyed(2) ceba / khuluphala / icilongo (UZL NC 2) trumpet, flute nona be fat, be obese (3) ceba / icimbi (UZL NC 2) worm mpimpa / shisela (isenzo / verb) tell on, snitch, spy on, report on oci… cebile / nothile (isiphawulo / adjective) rich, ocikicane pinkies, little fingers, wealthy (2) cebile / nonile / smallest fingers khuluphele fat, obese cebisa / nothisa (isenzo / verb) enrich (2) uci… cebisa / bonisa / yala / luma ucikicane (UZL NC 1.1) pinkie, little finger indlebe advise (3) cebisa / nonisa / ucingo (UZL NC 3)/ okokubiyela (UZL NC khuphalisa (isenzo / verb) make fat 4)/ uthango (UZL NC 3)/ umuthangala cebiswa / noniswa (isenzo / verb) be (UZL NC 1.2) fence, enclosure (2) ucingo enriched by (2) be made fat by (UZL NC 3)/ uwaya (UZL NC 1.1) wire, cable, cekela-phansi / ona / limaza lead, flex (3) ucingo (UZL NC 3)/ (isenzo / verb) vandalise, disfigure, imfonomfono (UZL NC 6)/ ifoni / mar, spoil, ruin, deform, sully, iselula / iselulafoni (UZL NC 6)/ 82
umakhalekhukhwini (UZL NC 1.1) ico… phone, landline, cellular phone iconsi (UZL NC 2) drop (2) iconsi / umugomo / ukugoma = ci… vaccination, vaccine ciciyela / cacamezela (isenzo / verb) do patch work oco… cikica / xikixa / hlikihla (isenzo / verb) oconsayo a drippling UZL 1.1 as in rub the eye, rub, (2) cikica / bhala / ubhavu oconsayo (dripping or loba / qopha write, document, leaking bathtub) engrave, inscribe, carve cima / cisha / bhula (isenzo / verb) uco… extinguish, put-off, switch-off, turn- ucobho (UZL NC 1.1)/ ibala (UZL NC 2) spot, off blemish (2) ucobho (UZL NC 1.1)/ cimela (isenzo / verb) extinguish for (2) inkombisa (UZL NC 6)/ insalela (UZL NC 6) mobilise wedding gifts (bride visits inference, insinuation, innuendo, relatives and friends to collect her hint, implication, intimation, wedding gifts imputation, indication; connotation, cimeza / vala amehlo (isenzo / verb) overtone, undertone, hidden close eyes meaning cimezisa (isenzo / verb) close someone coba / thena-amandla / hlekisa / else’s eyes bukisa / phoxa (isenzo / verb) tease, cimeziswa (isenzo / verb) have one’s eyes make fun of; deride, embarrass, close cause to feel hurt (2) coba / caba cindezela / hlukumeza / xhaphaza chew, grind / gqilaza / cwasa / xwasa / cobeka / bhocobala / khathazeka phathisa okwesilwane / phatha (isenzo / verb) be distressed, feel unhappy, ngonya (isenzo / verb) oppress, exploit, be sad, look upset, be worried (2) discriminate, persecute, abuse, cobeka / khathala / nqena / maltreat, ill-treat, treat harshly, be phelelwa amandla feel-down, feel-brutal to, be cruel to, tyrannize, lazy, feel-sleepy, lack energy crush, repress, suppress, subjugate, cobelela /cazela / hlukanisela / subdue, subject, enslave, scourge ipha (isenzo / verb) give, share, be ciphiza / cindezela (isenzo / verb) press generous down; stamp cobhoza (isenzo / verb) dip cisha (isenzo / verb) extinguish, put-off (See cocoza / totoba / nyonyoba / cima above) nwabuzela (isenzo / verb) be slow, move cishe / kwale kancane (isandiso / adverb) at snail’s pace almost, nearly cokama (isenzo / verb) stand on toes cishiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to cokamela / phakamela (isenzo / verb) extinguish, be made to put off fires entertain, delight, show hospitality, feast, host aco… drippling UZL 7 as in amanzi consa / vuza (isenzo / verb) leak, drip, aconsayo (drppling water) dribble, discharge, exude, emit, eject, release, pour out, send forth, ooze, eco… excrete, secrete econsayo a drippling UZL 6 or UZL consela / thela (isenzo / verb) leak on, 10 drop on, pour on 83
consisa / vuvuzela / thela (isenzo / verb) cha! / lutho / soze / qha! / qha! Bo cause to leak bo / neze / khange / phinde (isibabazo cophela / quba / ithi-gozololo (isenzo / exclamation) no!, not at all, never, / verb) stay temporarily chama / zikhulule (isenzo / verb) urinate cophelela / qikelela / naka (isenzo / (2) ejaculate verb) be careful, be vigilant, stay alert, chamisa (isenzo / verb) cause to urinate or pay attention to detail ejaculate cosha / butha / qoqa (isenzo / verb) pick- chamusela (isenzo / verb) hatch up, gather, collect, take-in, clean up chambuza / qhumbuza / bhoboza (isenzo / verb) poke, prick acu… chanasa (isenzo / verb) go untramelled, aculayo singing UZL 7 as in act without any restraint amantombazane aculayo (the singing chaphazela / thelela / sulela (isenzo / girls) verb) infect, pass infection to, transmit infection to, spread disease to, ecu… contaminate, cause infection in eculayo a singing UZL 6 as in chatha (isenzo / verb) administer an intombazane eculayo (a singing girl) enema chathaza (isenzo / verb) pour a little icu… chathazela (isenzo / verb) pour a little for, iculo (UZL NC 2)/ isihlabelelo (UZL NC 5)/ pour for, share liquid substance with ihubo (UZL NC 2) song chaya / phoxeka (isenzo / verb) be disappointed, ocu… chayisa / phoxa / enzela phansi / oculayo (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the singing phula isethembiso (isenzo / verb) one disappoint, let down, dishearten, cause someone to be dispirited, ucu… break the promise ucu (UZL NC 3)/ ineklesi (UZL NC 6) necklace chaza (isenzo / verb) explain cubuza (isenzo / verb) emit (2) give, chazana be impressive favour, give favours chazela (isenzo / verb) explain to cula / hlabelela / hhuba / huba / chazeka (isenzo / verb) be impressed haya / vuma (isenzo / verb) sing, chant, chazisisa (isenzo / verb) explain intone, croon, carol, chorus thoroughly, give meticulous details cupha (isenzo / verb) entrap, trap, snare, ensnare, entangle, enmesh, lure che… someone in order to catch in the act chela / fafaza spray (2) cupha / hlala-kancane / beka- chelela (isenzo / verb) irrigate isinqe okwesikhashana be chema (isenzo / verb) be biased, be accommodated temporarily partisan, take sides cushwa (isenzo / verb) be entrapped, be chemile biased given a final warning cheza / gudluka / shenxa / deda (isenzo / verb) give way, (2) exit …ch… chezile astray, off road chezuka branch off Icha… ichashazi / ishande (UZL NC 2) spot ochakide (UZL NC 8.1) (izinyoni) weasels (birds) uchakide (UZL NC 1.1) (inyoni) weasel (bird) 84
ichi… uchu… ichibi pond, water source, dam uchuku (UZL NC 3) aggression, ichide (UZL NC 2)/ indlobho (UZL NC 6) one provocation, pugnacity, hostility eyed person ichilo / ihlazo / izinhloni / chu… amahloni disgrace, chukuluza provoke embarrassment, shame, chuma / thuthuka / qhakaza (isenzo / awkwardness verb) prosper, flower, thrive, flourish, become famous, become well-off, be ochi…. wealthy ochithamali / omuxhaphazisimali chumisa cause to prosper (UZL NC 8.1) those who waste money, chumisela prosper for the overspenders, the extravagant chusha wind one’s way through people chushisa help another to cross over, explain uchi… uchithamali / umuxhaphazisimali chutha / qhutha (isenzo / verb) peel off (UZL NC 1.1) the one who wastes money, feathers, peel off (2) chutha / the overspender, the extravagant xhaphaza / hlukumeza torment, one take advantage of someone, bully uchithomali expenditure, wasteful expenditure uchithichithi / uxhaphazomali (UZL …chw… NC 3)/ ukumosha (UZL NC 4) extravagance, wastefulness ichwane (UZL NC 2) young bird or beast, fowl uchwazane (UZL NC 2) tweet, cheep chi… chwachwaza / swebeza (isenzo / verb) chicha (isiphawulo / adjective) be oily twitter, buzz chichima / chitheka / ngcwala chwakambisa / qhakambisa / uchichime / gcwala mfi (isenzo / verb) phakamisa / khuphula / hlonipha overflow, be full over capacity, spill- / thwesa imiyezane (isenzo / verb) over elevate, promote, aggrandise, dignify, chitha spill, drop, drip ennoble, exalt chithakala spread out (2) be open chwaneka / neka (isenzo / verb) put in minded full view, expose chitheka (isenzo / verb) spill, overflow chwakambisa / qhakambisa (isenzo / chithekile dripped, dropped verb) elevate, promote chwaza tweet ucho… chwaya (isenzo / verb) be disappointed; uchoko (UZL NC 3)/ ubulephelo (UZL NC 8.2) be let down; be disheartened (2) leprosy chwaya / hlwaya = look with fine tooth comb choba crush chwensa / delela (isenzo / verb) be chocha shine, be glossy, be oily cheeky, be impudent (see delela below) choma brag chopha buff, swank, swagger 85
…cw… idadamu (UZL NC 2) slash of water idadla (UZL NC 2) gumboot ucwathi (UZL NC 3)/ ukuthula (UZL NC 4) idamu (UZL NC 2) dam, weair, reservoir tranquility, silence, peace and quiet (2) dummy ucwazi (UZL NC 1.1) plastic idanda (UZL NC 2) lumbar portion of the cwala / hlobisa / lolonga (isenzo / verb) spine (found in the lower back and the base of beautify, refine, accessorise, adorn, the spine) embellish idastibhini (UZL NC 6) dustbin, thrash-ucwebe (UZL NC 3)/ ubucwebe / can ububhanyabhanya / idayimane (UZL NC 2) diamond ububenyebenye / odastibhini (UZL NC 8.1) dustbins, ubukhanyikhanyi (UZL NC 8.2) shiny thrash-cans thing, gleam, sparkle, radiance, illumination, luminescence, oda… luminosity, incandescence, odade / osisi / odadewethu (our or phosphorescence, fluorescence my sisters)/ odadewenu (your sisters) (UZL cwebezelisa (isenzo / verb) shine, varnish, NC 8.1) sisters, female siblings (2) make it look like new female comrades, female associates cweba (isenzo / verb) glaze, be motionless, similar age as one’s sisters be glassy, be teary (2) be still odadewabo (UZL NC 8.1 his or her sisters cwebezela / cwazimula (isiphawulo / (though derived from UZL NC 8.1 it adjective) shiny, glassy, glossy, gleaming applies in general sense to all noun cwebezelisa (isiphawulo / adjective) make it clusters) shiny, shine it thoroughly, make it odadewalo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL perfectly glossy NC 2 nouns such as ijaji / judge = cwebisa (isenzo / verb) glaze like, (2) UZL NC 2 make still (3) be still like …, glaze like odadewaso (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL … NC 5 nouns such isithandwa / lover, cwenga (isenzo / verb) purify; clarify; isangoma / sangoma cleanse odadewawo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL cwengiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) purified NC 7 nouns such as amantombazane cwecwa / hluba (isenzo / verb) peel off with prefix sound-unit ‘ama..’ cwila / gwiliza (isenzo / verb) submerge, odadewayo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of the drown; dip UZL NC 6 nouns such ingane / child, insizwa / young man, intombi / ada… young woman adangele sad UZL 7 as in odadewazo (UZL NC 8.1) sisters of UZL amantombazane adangele NC 9 nouns such izingane / children, adansayo dancing UZL 7 as in izintombi / young women amantombazane adansayo odadewenu (UZL NC 8.1) your sisters odadewethu (UZL NC 8.1) our or my eda… sisters edamini at / to / from / in the dam odali (UZL NC 8.1)/ izithandwa (UZL NC 9)/ edangele sad UZL 6 as in ingane omuntakwethu (UZL NC 8.1) dears, edangele (a sad child) dearest, sweethearts ida… idada (UZL NC 2) duck 86
uda… dambuza / ngcengca (isenzo / verb)walk udaba (UZL NC 3)/ ingxoxo / carefully ingxoxiswano (UZL NC 6)/ uboniswano dangala / khathazeka (isenzo / verb) feel (UZL NC 3) ukubonisana (UZL NC 4) sorry, be saddened discussion, dialogue, discourse, conversation ade… udade / usisi / udadewethu (our or Adedeliwe. (a = UZL NC 7 + verb) They have my sister) / udadewenu (your sister) (UZL been freed.; They have been set free. NC 1.1) sister, female sibling (2) female comrade, female associate similar Ede… age as one’s sister edelelayo (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun : UZL NC 6 udadewabo (UZL NC 1.1) his or her sister or UZL NC 10) the cheeky one (though derived from UZL NC 8.1 it applies in general sense to all noun ide… clusters) idelakufa (UZL NC 2) / udadewalo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL NC isishovushovusamalungelo (UZL NC 2 nouns such as ijaji / judge = UZL 5)/ umulwelinkuleko (UZL NC 1.1) NC 2 freedom fighter udadewaso (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL NC idela (UZL NC 2) abattoir, slaughterhouse 5 nouns such isithandwa / lover, isangoma / sangoma ode… udadewawo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL odelelayo cheeky UZL 1.1 as in NC 7 nouns such as amantombazane umuntu odelelayo (a cheeky person) with prefix sound-unit ‘ama..’ ude…udebe (UZL NC 3) lip udadewayo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of the UZL udede / umaziphathe (UZL NC 1.1) NC 6 nouns such ingane / child, pandemonium; uproar; disorderly insizwa / young man, intombi / and undisciplined place; chaotic young woman place udadewazo (UZL NC 1.1) sister of UZL NC dela / lahla ithawula (isenzo / verb) give 9 nouns such izingane / children, up; throw the towel izintombi / young women delisa / fophisa (isenzo / verb) prove the udadewenu (UZL NC 1.1) your sister point; present evidence udadewethu (UZL NC 1.1) my sister delela / chwensa (isenzo / verb) be cheek; udaka (UZL NC 3) mud be impudent, have no regard for udali (UZL NC 1.1)/ isithandwa (UZL NC 5)/ others; be impertinent, be insolent, umuntakwethu (UZL NC 1.1) dear, be presumptuous, dearest, sweetie (2) dry peas da… dabuka (isenzo / verb) sympathise; be compassionate; feel sorry for dabula / klebhula (isenzo / verb) tear, cut (2) dabula / phuma phambili / qhenqeleza excel, outclass, outdo, surpass dalula / veza / ndlala esithangamini (isenzo / verb) expose, divulge, disclose 87
adi… dishiza (isenzo / verb) walk sloppy, walk adiniwe angry UZL 7 as in as if one’s body is heavy amantombazane adiniwe (angry dixiza (isenzo / verb) make something girls) muddy or wet diza (isenzo / verb) give away someone edi… else’s things without permission ediniwe angry UZL 6 as in idnoda ediniwe (angry man) ado… adobayo fisihing UZL 7 as in idi… amadoda adobayo (fishing men) idili (UZL NC 2) feast edo… idina (UZL NC 2)/ isidlosakusihlwa (UZL edolobheni (undaweni / locative) in / at / NC 2) dinner from / in town, city centre idiskho (UZL NC 6)/ umugido (UZL NC 1.2)/ eDokodweni in / at / to from umudanso (UZL NC 1.2) disco, night club Dokodweni idiya / iqhwagi (UZL NC 2) locust ido… dida / xaka confuse, perplex, baffle idokodo (UZL NC 2) case-file dideka / xakaniseka (isenzo / verb) be idolo (UZL NC 2) knee confused; be bewildered; be puzzled; idolobha (UZL NC 2) town, urban centre, be perplexed city didisa (isenzo / verb) cause to make idolobhana / idolobha elincane / mistake, confuse, muddle, complicate idolobha lasemakhaya / idolobha didiyela / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) lasemaphandleni / idolobha compile, put together, assemble (2) elisafufusa (UZL NC 2) small town, rural edit, modify, correct town didiyela / shona-lena-nalena / idolobhakazi (UZL NC 2) city, big urban baleka (isenzo / verb) be evasive; centre prevaricate; be elusive dikibala / duba (isenzo / verb) boycott, odo… give up odoli (UZL NC 8.1) dolls dikida (isenzo / verb) critically discuss, critically evaluate, analytically assess udo… dila (isenzo / verb) engage udobo (UZL NC 3) fishing rod, baiting rod dina (isenzo / verb) cause somebody to be udoli (UZL NC 1.1) doll angry, disgust someone, upset udondolo / ubhoko (UZL NC 3) walking someone stick dindiliza (isenzo / verb) lie stretched out udoti / udombo (UZL NC 1.1) refuse, as in a dead person rubbhish, garbage, thrash dinga / funa / thola (isenzo / verb) need, doba / heha / lola / donsa (isenzo / verb) require, necessitate fish, entice, allure, attract dingeka dingida / xazulula / dondobala (isenzo / verb) be weakened, xoxisa (isenzo / verb) solve, expound, lose mobility discuss, decipher dondolozela (isenzo / verb) use walking dinsila / bheka phansi drop stick as a result of being weakened something donsa (isenzo / verb) pull, draw (2) attract dinwa / thukuthela (isenzo / verb) be donseka be attractive, desirable angry; be upset; be annoyed donsela pull for, attract for, drag, as in uzidonsela amanzi ngomusele 88
(you are attracting trouble for duka / lahleka / nyamalala (isenzo / yourself) verb) get lost, go missing, disappear dukisa / lahlekisa (isenzo / verb) adu… misplace (2) mislead, misrepresent, Adukile. (a=UZL NC 7+ verb) They are lost. misinform dukisa / khohlisa (isenzo / verb) deceive; edu… lie to edukile (e=UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10 + verb) the lost; duma (isenzo / verb) be famous (2) the missing one/ s ramble; thunder eduze / nganeno / khona lapha dumala / dangala (isiphawulo / adjective) be near, close by, in close range sad, be unhappy, be sorrowful, be downcast idu… dumaza / phoxa (isenzo / verb) idube (UZL NC 2) zebra disappoint, dishearten, cause iduku (UZL NC 2)/ handkerchief embarrassment iduku (UZL NC 2)/ umunqwazo (UZL NC 1.2) dumela / gxaza / bamba head covering cloth ngewashingi (isenzo / verb) manhandle, idumbe (UZL NC 2) palsy, shivering jostle, shove, fame, hustle, handle hand (2) colocasia antiquorum roughly, push, pull, maltreat, ill-(edible plant with rough brown skin treat,grab in the potato family) dumisa (isenzo / verb) start the car, idundu (UZL NC 2) cliff, bluff, ridge activate, arouse, ignite (2) praise, glorify (3) popularize, make one odu… popular odumile (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun : UZL NC 1.1) dumba / vuvukala (isiphawulo / adjective) be the famous one; celebrity swollen, swell dumbisa / vuvukalisa (isenzo / verb) udu… make swallon, cause to swell udumo / ukwaziwa (UZL NC 3) fame; dunusa (isenzo / verb) strip naked; be stardom; popularity naked, show off one’s private parts dunusela (isenzo / verb) strip naked for, du… show one’s private parts to duba / dikibala (isenzo / verb) give up, dutshulwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be shot boycott dutshuliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) shot dubela (isenzo / verb) boycott for dubula (isenzo / verb) shoot dubulela (isenzo / verb) shoot for dubulisa cause someone to shoot …dl… (2) shoot like dudula / phusha (isenzo / verb) push adla… duduza (isenzo / verb) comfort, console, adlalayo playing UZL 7 as in give sympathy amantombazane adlalayo (playing dula / biza (isiphawulo / adjective) be girls) expensive, be costly, be unaffordable dulile (isiphawulo / adjective) expensive edla… dulisa (isenzo / verb) rip off, overcharge, edlalayo playing UZL 6 as in ingane cause to be expensive edlalayo (A playing child) idla… idla (isenzo / verb) eat 89
idlabha / ixebe / inuku (UZL NC 2) idli… untidy person idliso (UZL NC 2) poison (2) a muti idladla / ikhaya (UZL NC 2) home portion for charm or charisma idlala / ithonsela (UZL NC 2) indlala (UZL idliwa / ibhimbi (UZL NC 2) inarticulate NC 6) tonsil, gland person, a person without a rhythm dlisa / faka ushevu (isenzo / verb) poison odla (2) dlisa / funza force to eat or help odlalayo playing UZL 1.1 as in to eat umfana odlalayo (playing boy) dlisiwe poisoned (2) fed food with love muti portion udla… dliwa eaten, chowed (b) dliwa / udlame (UZL NC 3) violence hlulwa be defeated udlamuvuzo (UZL NC 1.1)/ indlalifa (UZL NC 6) heir, successor idlo… idlozi / ithonga / ongasekho / dla… okwelamathonga (UZL NC 4) ancestor, dlala / vocavoca-umuzimba (isenzo / departed family member, guardian verb) play (2) dlala / ncokola / angel, family spirit phicaphica joke, pass a joke, pun, trick dlo… dlalana / khohlisana double-cross, dlobhoza / gqobhoza / bhoboza dupe, deceive, trick, ensnare, entrap puncture, pierce, drill, dlalela play for dlobhoka / dilika / dlibhiza fall dlalile played apart dlalisa / teketisa (isenzo / verb) joke; jest; dlondlobala / khula / thuthuka / quip; gag chuma (isenzo / verb) prosper, grow, blossom, thrive, boom idle… idlelo veld dlu… dlubulunda make a narrow escape, udle… escape using force udlebe ability to hear even if volume dlula (isenzo / verb) pass; overtake (2) is very low exceed dlulisa (isenzo / verb) make way, give way dle… dlulisela pass on dlebeleka lose self-control dlulile passed, went pass dlela (isenzo / verb) eat for, (2) dlela / dluthula / bhongcula pull out using gwinya-impahla, gwinya- force umuhlaba expropriate, confiscate, impound, take possession of …dlw… another’s property dledlezela / ndindizela / dlwathuza (isenzo / verb) walk carelessly ngqangqazela (isenzo / verb) shake, dlwembeza / hlukumeza / vibrate, tremble, quake, shiver khinyabeza / nyukubeza / dlelwa consficate, repossess as in sebenzisa kabi (isenzo / verb) abuse, dlelwa imoto (have one’s car misuse, misapply, violate, assault, repossessed) sexually assault, persecute, torture udlwengulo / unyukubezocansi / unyukubezosinene / 90
unyukubezomuzimba / expanse of water that may look like a uhlukubezosinene / uhlukumezo white sheet from far (UZL NC 3)/ inhlukubezo (UZL NC 6) udwani (UZL NC 3) blades for cutting ukunyukubeza-ngocansi (UZL NC 4) grass rape, sexual abuse, sexual assault udwayidwayi (UZL NC 3)/ dlwengula / nyubeza / hlukumeza imfishimfishi (UZL NC 6) long illogical / hlumeza-isinene / nyukubeza- narrative, gibberlish, balderdash isinene (isenzo / verb) rape, sexually dwanguza / nhlanhlatheka (isenzo / abuse someone, commit rape, force verb) walk blindly, walk in the wild oneself on another, violate without a specific target dlwengulile (isiphawulo / adjective) be the dwashuzela (isenzo / verb) walk with the rapist, be the one who commit rape sound from the friction of the cloth dlwenguliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) raped or clothes that one may be wearing dlwengulwa (isenzo / verb) be raped udwe… udweshu (UZL NC e) / ibhadi (UZL NC 2) / ishwa (UZL NC 2) / ulaka (UZL NC 3) …dr… /inkinga (UZL NC 6) trouble, distress, suffering, woe, misfortune udrayva / umushayeli (UZL NC 1.2) driver dwe… idredi / idredilokhi (UZL NC 6) dweba (isenzo / verb) draw hairstyle that locks the hair idraya (UZL NC 6) hairdryer udrinki / unemenaydi (UZL NC 1.1) …f… cooldrink idrinki (UZL NC 6) cooldrink afa… idriphu (UZL NC 6) drip Afaniselene. (a =UZL NC 7+ verb or adjective) idro (UZL NC 6) / ubambanophezulu They are in uniform.; They are (UZL NC 3) draw, stalemate, deadlock, dressed similarly. stand Afanayo same UZL 7 as in idrowa (UZL NC 6) / ishalofu (UZL NC 2) amadolobha afanayo (same towns) shelf idrophu (UZL NC 6) drop efa… efanele (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 & 10) the one fit for; the appropriate one …dw… efanayo same UZL 10 as in imibala efanayo (same colours) edwa… edwaleni (undaweni / locative) on top of a ifa… cliff, on top of a rock, at the cliff, on a ifa / shona / phangalala (isenzo / verb) cliff, from the cliff die, pass away, expire, pass on, be idwa… belated idwala (UZL NC 2) rock, cliff ifa (UZL NC 2) inheritance (2) ifa (UZL NC 2)/ idwashu (UZL NC 2) strip of leather isimila (UZL NC 5)/ uvuvukalo (UZL NC 3)/ udwa… iqhuqhuvakazi (UZL NC 2) ganglion, udwadwa (UZL NC 3)/ ubala (UZL NC 3)/ ize swelling, protuberance, (UZL NC 2) nothingness, worthlessness, inflammation, buldge nonsense (2) udwadwa (UZL NC 2) mirage (3) udwadwa (UZL NC 3)/ ichibi lamanzi elixhophayo (UZL NC 2) a large 91
ifamu (UZL NC 2)/ iplazi (UZL NC 2) farm, fanisa / qhathanisa (isenzo / verb) small holding compare, contrast ifana (UZL NC 2) insignificant inheritance fanisela / qagela / funisela (isenzo / ifana (prefix ‘I’ = UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10 noun concord + verb) guess; assume; make adjective or simile) it looks like, They look assumptions like. ifanela (UZL NC 2) funnel afe… ifasitela (UZL NC 2)/ iwindo (UZL NC 2)/ afebayo (prefix ‘a’=UZL NC 7: adjective or verb ) the ingenisamoya (UZL NC 2) window prostituting ones ofa… efi… ofakazi (UZL NC 8.1) witnesses; eye- efile (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 or UZL witnesses; attesters; observers NC10) the dead one ufakazi (UZL NC 1.1) witness ufaniswano (UZL NC 3) uniform ife… ifemu / ifekhri / imboni (UZL NC 6)/ fa… umukhiqizi (UZL NC 1.2) factory; faka / shutheka / gxisha (isenzo / verb) manufacturing plant insert, put in, install, push ifeni (UZL NC 6)/isikhiphamoya / fakana exchange favours isikhandimoya / isivuthelamoya fakaza / seka / xhasa (isenzo / verb) (UZL NC 5)/ uphephela (UZL NC 1.1) fan, testify, substantiate, elaborate, back airconditioner up ifeni (UZL NC 6)/ uhlinzamfuku (UZL NC fakazela / pheleka / sekela (isenzo / 1or.1 t)r/ee i) sikhomakhoma (UZL NC 5) fern (plant verb) support, second, vouch, attest to, ifenisha (UZL NC 6) furniture affirm fakekile (isiphawulo / adjective) been inserted ofe… properly, been installed accordingly ofeleba / onkunzana (UZL NC 8.1) the fakeka (isiphawulo / adjective) be insertable great ones, well-built people fakela (isenzo / verb) insert for, put in, ofezela (UZL NC 8.1) scorpions insert ufefe (UZL NC 3)/ umusa (UZL NC 1.2) fakile (isiphawulo / adjective) been inserted, kindness or installed ufeleba / unkunzana (UZL NC 1.1) the fakisa (isenzo / verb) help with installation great one, well built person or insertion ufezela (UZL NC 1..1) scorpion fakisisa (isenzo / verb) insert properly fakwa (isenzo / verb) be inserted, be put in fe… fana (isenzo / verb) be similar, look alike, feba / shisha (isenzo / verb) be resemble each other promiscuous fanela suit, fit, befit as in ingubo fela (isenzo / verb) die for; attest; vouch emuhlophe iyakufanela (A white for dress suits you) (2) fenda (isenzo / verb) shake waistline of fanele / lungele appropriate, right, the body correct feza / zuza / thola / hlomula (isenzo / fanisa / mantanisa (isenzo / verb) verb) achieve; attain ; reach resemble, look like, approximate, correspond to 92
afi… afisa (prefix ‘a’ = UZL NC 7 + verb or adjective) ofu… wishing ofundile (prefix vowel ‘o’ = UZL NC 1.1 + verb or adjective) the educated one efi… ufu (UZL NC 3) pauch of a stomach of a efisa (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 & 10) beast or human the one wishing … ufudu (UZL NC 3) tortoise ifi… fu… ifilimu (UZL NC 6)/ isithombe (UZL NC 5) fudumala (isenzo / verb) be warm film; movie fudumele (isiphawulo / adjective) warm ifindo (UZL NC 2)/ isibopho (UZL NC 5) knot fudumeza (isenzo / verb) warm up fika (isenzo / verb) arrive fudumezela (isenzo / verb) warm up for fihla (isenzo / verb) conceal, hide; keep in fufusa up and coming, still growing secret fukama incubate fingqa (isenzo / verb) fold fukula / qubula / phakamisa (isenzo / fingqela (isenzo / verb) fold for verb) lift, pick up, haul up fingqisa (isenzo / verb) help or cause fukuza (isenzo / verb) work hard, toil another to fold fulela cover, roof figqisana (isenzo / verb) help one another funa (isenzo / verb) search; hunt; look high to fold and low fisa (isenzo / verb) wish funela (isenzo / verb) find something for fisela (isenzo / verb) wish for funeka (isenzo / verb) be wanted fiselana (isenzo / verb) have wishes for funisa (isenzo / verb) assist in finding each other something funisisa (isenzo / verb) look thoroughly, search carefully, check meticulously funisela / qagela / cabangela ifo… guess, presume, assume, conjecture, ifomu (UZL NC 2) form speculate, deduce ifoni (UZL NC 6) phone funwa (isenzo / verb) be looked for, be ifosi (UZL NC 2) shoelace wanted, be needed funda (isenzo / verb) read, study ufo… fundela (isenzo / verb) study towards ufo four (4) fundile (isiphawulo / adjective) educated, fo… studied, learnt, well-read , finished fola (isenzo / verb) bend or curve the body reading fongqa / phetha / fingqa (isenzo / verb) fundisa / qeqesha (isenzo / verb) teach; fold train afundile (prefix ‘a’=UZL NC 7 + verb or adjective) the fundisela (isenzo / verb) teach for educated ones fundisisa (isenzo / verb) study efundile (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun : UZL NC 6 or throroughly, pay attention to detail UZL NC 10) the educated one/s during your studies, learn with understanding, do not cram ifu… fundisiwe (isipahwulo / adjective) been ifu (UZL NC 2) cloud taught ifuba (inyoni) pelican (bird) fundisisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been well ifutho (UZL NC 2) soft mealies taught 93
fundiswa (isenzo / verb) be taught agadiwe / aqaphiwe (prefix ‘a’ = UZL NC 7+ fundiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) been taught verb or adjective) the guarded ones ega… funga / thembisa / zibophe take an egadiwe (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 or oath, swear, vow, pledge, promise UZL NC 10) the guarded one funza / totosa / tetemisa (isenzo / verb) egameni (undaweni / locative ) to / at / from spoon-feed, baby-sit, overparent (2) / in the name e.g. egameni lenkosi funza / fana resemble, look lke uJesu (in the name of the Lord Jesus) funzile / totosile / tetemisile overparented, spoon-fed (2) funzile iga… / thatha emumva kwa… / fana igabade (UZL NC 2) clot or lump no… taken after, have features especially soil resembling …, have behavior igagu (UZL NC 2) eloquent person resembling … igama / ibizo (UZL NC 2)/ isiqambo (UZL funzwa (isenzo / verb) be spoon-fed; be NC 5) name, denomination, noun brainwashed; be indoctrinated igamfu (UZL NC 2)/ingxenye (UZL NC 6)/ fushane (isiphawulo / adjective) short; brief isigaba (UZL NC 5)/ indima (UZL NC 6) futha (isenzo / verb) blow segment, part, portion, fragment futha / memeza / khaca (isenzo / verb) igaraji (UZL NC 2) garage (2) petrol-yell, shout, below, howl, speak station unkindly igazi (UZL NC 2) blood futhisa make one to blow futhi (isihlanganiso / conjunction) again, and oga… ogadiwe (prefix ‘o’ = UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2+ verb or adjective) the guarded one …fl… uga… iflaski (UZL NC 6)/ Ugadiwe. (ibizomusho / sente word: UZL NC 1.1 or UZL isigcinizingakushisa (UZL NC 5) flask NC 1.2) S/He/ It is guarded. iflawa / imbali (UZL NC 6) flower ugange outer side of a kraal uflawa / ufulawa (UZL NC 1.1)/ ugazi (UZL NC 3)/ iwozawoza (UZL NC 6) impushumpushu / incushuncushu charm, drawing power, (UZL NC 6) flour attractiveness, loveableness iflegi / ifulegi (UZL NC 2)/ gada / qapha (isenzo / verb) guard; isiphayizanemulayezo (UZL NC 5) flag; protect; be vigilant; watch out banner ganga (isenzo / verb) be naughty ifleshi (UZL NC 6)/ isiphayizane (UZL NC 5) gandaya (isenzo / verb) grind; compress flash gaqa (isenzo / verb) crawl, creep gaqela (isenzo / verb) crawl towards (a) …fr… gaqela eziko go towards danger; creep towards fire (b) gaqela-i-Afrika (UZL NC 6) Africa isikhundla position oneself for i-Afro / iwigi (UZL NC 6) wig someone else’s position; be envious ifremu (UZL NC 6)/ ugangemufanekiso of someone’s position to a point of / ugangesisekelo (UZL NC 3)/ isisekelo positioning oneself for it. / isisekelosakhiwo (UZL NC 5) frame, gawula / gamfula (isenzo / verb) cut framework, structure, substructure down especially something woody ifriji (UZL NC 2) fridge (a) gawula ubheke watch out ifruthi (UZL NC 2)/ isithelo (UZL NC 5) fruit …g… aga… 94
egobolondweni in / at / from / to the shell ige… igeja (UZL NC 2) hoe igo… igesi (UZL NC 6) gas, gas fire igobolondo (UZL NC 2) shell igobhozi (UZL NC 2) hollow container, oge… leaking vessel, leaking container, ogeleja / ogereja (UZL NC 8.1) empty shell bulldozers igogogo / ithini tin, tin-foil, ugebe (UZL NC 3)/ umufantu (UZL NC 1.2 ) a aluminium, metal crack iGoli (UZL NC 2) Johannesburg ugebhezi (UZL NC 2) skull igolide (UZL NC 2) gold ugeleja / ugereja (UZL NC 1.1) bulldozer igolo (UZL NC 2)/ umusunu (UZL NC 1.2)/ ugelekejane / unhlenhle / iqili (UZL inhlunu (UZL NC 6) vagina, vulva NC 1.1) a sly person igovu / inja / umugodoyi (UZL NC 2) ugesi (UZL NC 1.1) electricity, electrical greedy dog, dog or greedy person power geja / phaphalaza / nhlanhlatha ogo… (isenzo / verb) miss, fail to catch, be of the ogogo (UZL NC 8.1)/ okhulu / omakhulu target (UZL NC 8.1)/ izalukazi (UZL NC 9) geleza (isenzo / verb) undulate, surge, grandmothers, old women, elderly wobble females, female senior citizens genca / gawula / sika (isenzo / verb) chop down; cut; slice ugo… geza / hlamba / cola (isenzo / verb) wash, ugodo (UZL NC 3) pole bath, clean-up ugogo (UZL NC 1.1) grandmother, old woman igi… ugologo / ugavini (UZL NC 1.1) pure igigi (UZL NC 2) gig; live performance alcohol, alcohol with the highest igingabhathi (UZL NC 2) gigabyte dosage of alcohol, hot stuff, brandy, whisky, gin, vodka, alcoholic spirit ugi… ugilonci (inyoni) (UZL NC 1.1) blue heron (bird) go… godola (isenzo / verb) feel cold gi… goba / fola (isenzo / verb) bend gibela (isenzo / verb) ride goduka / hamba(isenzo / verb) go gigitheka (isenzo / verb) giggle govuza / goqoza (isenzo / verb) stir gijima (isenzo / verb) run goma / gwema (isenzo / verb) immunize, gijimisa / jahisa / qhanqalazisa prevent (isenzo / verb) chase goqa / phetha / fingqa / fongqa gingqika / iwa (isenzo / verb) fall, (isenzo / verb) fold; summarise; finish off plummet; overturn; tilt agu… ego… agulayo (prefix ‘a’ =UZL NC 7+ verb or adjective) the eGoli (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from sick ones Johannesburg egolide of the gold 95
egu… gcina / pheza /phezisa / ima / egulayo (isiphawulobizo / adjective noun: UZL NC 6 or khawula (isenzo / verb) stop; bring to a UZL NC 10) the sick one/s halt; bring to an end gcoba / hlikihla (isenzo / verb) apply, rub igu… on (2) gcoba /beka esikhundleni / igudu (UZL NC 2) hemp pipe, smoking nika amandla okuphatha (isenzo / verb) pipeigugu (UZL NC 2) precious thing ordain, install igula (UZL NC 2) calabash gcotshwa / hlikihlwa (isenzo / verb) be iguncu (UZL NC 2) expired egg, rotten ordained egg gculisa / nelisa (isenzo / verb) satisfy igundane (UZL NC 2) mouse igumbagumba / ihay’fa (UZL NC 6) hi-fi, music system …gcw… ugu… gcwala (isenzo / verb) be full, be filled ugu (UZL NC 3) water-edge gcwalisa (isenzo / verb) fill up, (2) fulfill gcwele (isiphawulo / adjective) full gu… gcweleza / lelesa / hlasela / gudluka / shenxa (isenzo / verb) shift, hlukumeza harass, attack move (directed at you) gudlula / shenxisa / gudlukisa (isenzo / verb) move something or someone, …gl… make way, relocate, move something to make way for another iglobhu (UZL NC 6) globe guga / khula (isenzo / verb) age, gorw, iglu (UZL NC 6) glue mature (2) guga / phelelwa glowa be (isiphawulo / adjective or isenzo / verb) isikhathi / hwaqabala fade, wither, shiny, look bright and refreshed, decline, expire gugile (isiphawulo / adjective) old, aged, expired …gr… gumba / imba (isenzo / verb) dig guqa / voshoka (isenzo / verb) kneel, igraji (UZL NC 6)/ igqubu (UZL NC 2) grudge, crouch disgruntlement, bitterness guqula / shintsha / shintsha- grebha / gxavuna (isenzo / verb) gxavuna shintsha / phendula / igrebhisi (UZL NC 2) grape = phenduphenduka/ enza-busha / amagrebhisi (UZL NC 7) grapes buza / ebuza (isenzo / verb) change, igrisi (UZL NC 6) grease transform, metarmophose, igrosa (UZL NC 6) grocery transfigure, mutate grosa / thenga (isenzo / verb) buy food, buy …gc… gcaluza / gcogcoma / yaluza / ehla-wenyuka (isenzo / verb) be restless; walk up and down gcagcaza / gcogcoma / yaluza (see gcaluza above) igceke / ibala (UZL NC 2) yard 96
…gq… …gw… gqaba (isenzo / verb) apply muti igwa… concoction in order to be feared, igwababa (inyoni) (UZL NC 2) white necked-apply muti concoction in order to raven (bird) appear strong and feared igwagwa (UZL NC 2) overgrown leaf gqabela (isenzo / verb) apply muti igwala / inina / ivaka (UZL NC 2) concoction against a specific person coward gqamuka (isenzo / verb) erupt, explode gqamukisa (isenzo / verb) cause eruption ugwa… or explosion ugwava (UZL NC 1.1) guava gqekeza (isenzo / verb) break-in; burglarise; housebreak; intrude gwa… gqiba / ngcwaba (isenzo / verb) cover up, gwaba (isenzo / verb) do a spiritual dance bury gwaqaza / govuza (isenzo / verb) rattle, gqigqa (isenzo / verb) go to one place shake, stir repeatedly gwavuma / khononda (isenzo / verb) gqihha / gquma (isenzo / verb) groan, growl, mumble, complain, grumble, grumble, moan protest gqingqa (isenzo / verb) compress, compact gwaza / hlaba / bhokoda stab, knife, spear (2) gwaza / cubuza / gqo… thenga / hwiphilizisa / onakala gqobhoza / bhoboza / hlokoza / (isenzo / verb) bribe, buy off, corrupt gwaza (isenzo / verb) punch a hole, poke, gwazela (isenzo / verb) participate in prickle, stab bribery by paying someone for a gqoka / mbatha / vatha (isenzo / verb) favour or business deal dress up, clothe gwazile (isiphawulo / adjective) committed bribery igqu… gwazelwa (isenzo / verb) be paid a bribe, igqubu (UZL NC 2) grudge be a recipient of a bribe igquma (UZL NC 2) hill gwazisa / cubuzisa / thengisa / ngcolisa (isenzo / verb) make one to gqu… commit bribery gquzula (isenzo / verb) open forcefully gwaziswa (isenzo / verb) be made to gquma (isenzo / verb) steam commit bribery gqumelana / mbondelana (isenzo / verb) pent-up, be repressed, bottle-up (2) igwe… pile (up), heap (up) igwebu (UZL NC 2) bubble gqunqa / gqhwala / hwaqabala (isenzo / verb) fade, lose colour, become ugwe… darker, become pale, faint ugweje (UZL NC 3) uneven number gwegwa / tsheka (isenzo / verb) be crooked, twist, zigzag (2) be …gqw… undisciplined, commit immoral and unethical act, act out of line gqwala / gqunqa (isenzo / verb) faint; gwegwela / tshekela (isenzo / verb) slant dim; be pale; lose colour towards … 97
gwegwile / tshekile (isiphawulo / adjective) not straight, twisted, slanting, crooked ugxeko / ubekomabala / gwegwisa / tshekisa (isenzo / verb) slant, uhlabamabala / uhlabo (UZL NC 3) tilt, make it crooked criticism gwema / vimba (isenzo / verb) avoid ugxekokwakha (UZL NC 3) constructive gweva / iba-nenkani (isenzo / verb) be criticism stubborn gxeka / gxibha/ hlikiza / beka gwevile / qhinqile (isiphawulo / adjective) amabala / hlaba uhlikize (isenzo / verb) refusing to, unfazed, unpursuaded, criticise, denounce, condemn, being stubborn, being obstinate, arraign, attack, lambaste, pillory, being headstrong disapprove of, carp at, cavil at, rail against, inveigh against, cast igwi… aspersions on, pour scorn on, igwingci / ikhona / ijika (UZL NC 2) disparage, denigrate, deprecate, bend, curve, angle, hook malign, vilify, besmirch, run down, igwinya (UZL NC 2) fat-cake give a bad press to igwivi (UZL NC 2) ugly thing or person gxibha (see gxeka above) gxigxiza / gxagxaza (isenzo / verb) drip, ogwi… dribble, drop; leak ogwija / odayiva (UZL NC 8.1) skillful gxila / jula (isenzo / verb) labour, divers and swimmers overemphasize, belabour, overstress ugwija / idayiva (UZL NC 1.1) a diver, a gxiviza (isenzo / verb) stamp skillful swimmer and diver gxoba (isenzo / verb) compress, stamp, gwiliza (isenzo / verb) drown compact gwilika / ceba / notha (isenzo / verb) be gxuma (isenzo / verb) jump rich, be wealthy, have means gxumeka (isenzo / verb) install, erect gwiliza (isenzo / verb) drown gwinya (isenzo / verb) swallow gwiqiqiza (isenzo / verb) make a sudden …gxw… unexpected turn gxwala (isenzo / verb) be terminally ill, be …gx… bedridden gxwambukela / gxambukela (isenzo / igxathi / igxadi / isinyathelo long verb) interfere, be nosy stride, a step forward, a leap ugxa (UZL NC 3)/ umugxala (UZL NC 1. 2) …h… digging instrument gxamalaza (isenzo / verb) open legs ihaba / ubaxo (isenzo / verb)/ ukuyibaxa gxagxaza / gxigxiza (see gxigxiza below) (UZL NC 4) exaggeration, overstatement, gxala (isenzo / verb) leap, jump over, take overemphasis, overstament a giant leap forward ihawu (UZL NC 2) /isihlangu (UZL NC 5) gxambukela (isenzo / verb) interfere shield gxavuna (isenzo / verb) take forcefully uhali / ukotini (UZL NC 1.1) cotton ugxekwano (UZL NC 2) an act of uhambo (UZL NC 3) journey criticizing each other, an act of habula (isenzo / verb) seap blaming each other hamba / goduka (isenzo / verb) go hambela / vakashela (isenzo / verb) visit, pay someone a visit hambisa (isenzo / verb) take to hambisela (isenzo / verb) take something or someone to another hambisana (isenzo / verb) travel together 98
hawuka / zwela / dangala (isenzo / verb) uhla (UZL NC 3) list, stream, part, feel pity, feel sorry (2) hawuka / register, listing, inventory, directory, monela / hhahha /bawa / iba guide, key, catalogue, table of nenhliziyo engaphandle envy, be contents. jealous of someone or something uhlahlavu (UZL NC 3) worn-out thing iholo (UZL NC 2)/ umuholo (UZL NC 1.2)/ uhlaka (UZL NC 3) / inxiwa (UZL NC 2) hut, inkokhelo (UZL NC 6) pay, salary, wage uhlaka (UZL NC 3)/ umuphelezeli / hogela / nuka (isenzo / verb) sniff, smell umuphelezelinyanga / hola (isenzo / verb) lead , pay umuncedisimuhlanganisi-holela (isenzo / verb) lead to makhambi (UZL NC 1.1) assistant ihubo / iculo / ingoma (UZL NC 2) herbalist, assistant hymn, song, music uhlanga (UZL NC 3) dry stalk of mealies, (2) origin, ancestry …hh… uhlanga-lomuhlabathi / iSilo / iSilo-samabandla / inkosi ihhala (UZL NC 2) rake yamaZulu (UZL NC 3) origin of creation, ihhashi (UZL NC 2) horse the King, the origin of ancestry ihholo (UZL NC 2) hall uhlangothi (UZL NC 3)/ icala (UZL NC 2) side, side of the body, side of something …hl… uhlanya (UZL NC 3)/ isilima (UZL NC 5) mad person ehla… ehla / dilika (isenzo / verb) come down, hla… descent hlaba / gwaza / bhuxeka (isenzo / verb) ehlela / dilikela (isenzo / verb) Ehlela poke, stab, spear, knife, slaughter (2) ngezansi. / Calm down, reduce hlaba / gxeka / gxibha criticize, volume, cool down denounce, find fault condemn hlabana (isenzo / verb) poke another; (2) ihla… meet luck; be lucky ihlaba (UZL NC 2) sharp pain hlabeka (isenzo / verb) be provoked; be ihlabathi (UZL NC 2)/ umuhlaba- offended wonke jikelele (UZL NC 1.2) universe, hlabekisa / halisela (isenzo / verb) cosmos , entire-world, globe, provoke ihlambezo (UZL NC 2)/ ukugezwa- hlafuna (isenzo / verb) chew kwezandla (UZL NC 4) purification hlahla / genca (isenzo / verb) chop, cut, ceremony after few months of burial slice (2) hlahla / hlahla amehlo/ of a relative or friend, cleansing joloza stare, gaze ihlamvu / ikhasi / iqabunga (UZL NC 2) hlahlela (isenzo / verb) chop up; (2) leaf hlahlela / cubungula evaluate, ihlane (UZL NC 2) wilderness analyse, assess ihlanze (UZL NC 2) bush-veld, bush- hlakanipha (isiphawulo / adjective) be clever country be intelligent, be smart (2) be aware, ihlathi (UZL NC 2) forest watch-out ihlaya / incoko (UZL NC 2) joke, comedy, hlakula (isenzo / verb) weed-out funny story hlala (isenzo / verb) stay, live, reside (2) ihlazo (UZL NC 2) disgrace hlala / zola / goba amadolo sit, be seated uhla… uhlahlomali / uhlelomali (UZL NC 3) / isabelomali (UZL NC 5) budget 99
hlalela / bekezela (isenzo / verb) persist; hleba (isenzo / verb) gossip, whisper, persevere murmur, mutter hlamba / bhukuda (isenzo / verb) swim hlebela gossip about someone, (2) hlamba / geza wash, clean whisper something to someone hlambalaza / jivaza / gxibhaza hlehla (isenzo / verb) reverse (isenzo / verb) embarrass, humiliate, hlehlela / hamba-nyova (isenzo / verb) demean, ashame move oneself or car backward hlambuluka (isenzo / verb) confess hlehlisa / shenxisa / gudlula (isenzo / hlambulula (isenzo / verb) rinse verb) move something hlambululisa / hlanzisisa (isenzo / verb) hleka / ifa insini / gigitheka / rinse thoroughly gqwagqwatheka / moyizela (isenzo / hlanekezela / hlanakezela / verb) laugh, giggle, smile phendukezela (isenzo / verb) hlekisa (isenzo / verb) cause to laugh, be misrepresent, distort, misinform (2) funny dress the wrong side; falsify hlela (isenzo / verb) arrange, organise hlangana (isenzo / verb) meet hlelela / lunguselela (isenzo / verb) hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) connect, add- prepare, make preparations, prepare up, add, assemble for something or someone hlangabeza (isenzo / verb) meet halfway hlelelwa (isenzo / verb) be prepared for hlasela / zuma (isenzo / verb) attack, hlenga / weza (isenzo / verb) rescue invade, catch off guard (2) hlasela / hlephuka / phuka (isenzo / verb) break, gxeka / beka-amabala criticize, crack, fracture (directed at castigate something hlathuza / bhayiza / hlomeka (isenzo hlephukile / phukile broken, / verb) act foolishly cracked, fractured, shuttered hlaziya / cubungula / ciphotha hlephula / cozula / ncozula (isenzo / (isenzo / verb) analyse, scrutinise, break verb) split, cut to share, take a little (2) down, resolve, separate, reduce, hlephula / phula / limaza bulala decompose, disintegrate, dissect, break, shutter, dismember, injure divide, assay, test (2) hlaziya / hlephulela / cozulela / ncozulela bhekisisa / hlwayisisa / phanda = split for someone or something, examine, inspect, survey, scan, study, share, divide for someone scrutinize, look over, peruse; search, investigate, explore, probe, research, hli… enquire into, check, sift, dissect; hlihla / bhibhidla / bila / gxabha audit, judge, review, evaluate, (isenzo / verb) fizzle, sizzle, crackle, buzz, interpret bubble hlikihla (isenzo / verb) rub ihle… hlina / buyisa-izinhlonzi (isenzo / verb) ihlebo / inhlebo gossip, bad frown, be sulky, be moody, be cross, mouthing be angry, be upset ihleza (UZL NC 2) cob hlinela (isenzo / verb) frown for, be angry with, show disgust towards uhle… uhleko (UZL NC 3) laughter ihlo… uhlelo (UZL NC 3) programme; agenda ihlo / iso (UZL NC 2) eye ihlobo (UZL NC 2) summer hle… 100
ihlongandlebe (UZL NC 2) undisciplined check to ascertain diagnosis, person, delinquent, investigate cause of trouble hloma / zicije / zilungiselele impi uhlo… (isenzo / verb) arm, brace (up), prepare, uhlobo (UZL NC 3) / inhlobo (UZL NC 6) be ready, forarm, prepare for a type, sort, kind, category, battlle uhlotshana (UZL NC 3) / inhlotshana hlomisa (isenzo / verb) arm another; give (UZL NC 2) sub-type, subordinate, sub- another weapons kind, sub-category hlomula / klomela / zuza / thola / hlabana (isenzo / verb) reward, achieve, hlo… honour, attain, get recognition, hloba / iba muhle / qhakaza receive respect or prize beautify, decorate, look attractive, hlomulisile / klomelisile / zuzisile look pretty / tholisihle (isiphawulo / adjective) have hlobana / hlobanani / zwanani / given someone honours, have xhumanani / philisanani (isenzo / verb) rewarded someone be related, be connected, be hlomulisa / klomelisa / zuzisa / interconnected, co-exist tholisa (isenzo / verb) recognise someone, hlobanisa (isenzo / verb) relate, integrate, award someone, recompense synergise, syndicate someone, ordain someone, give hlobisa / qhakazisa / swenkisa / honours to someone enza-buhle / enza-kuhle / hlomuliswa / klomeliswa / enzokuhle / qobela (isenzo / verb) ziziswa / tholiswa (isenzo / verb) be given decorate, beautify, embellish, honours, be rewarded, be given a accessorise, prettify, garnish prize hlokoma / thuthumela / hlonipha / zithobe / thoba / zamazama / nyakaza / shisekela ziphathe kahle (isenzo / verb) respect, (isenzo / verb) get excited, be thrilled, get show consideration, be modest, exhilarated, be electrified, be moved heed, be compliant (2) hlokoma / guqubala get ready, be hloniphisa (isenzo / verb) make someone prepared, gather strength e.g. Izulu or something respectful (2) cover liyahlokoma / The weather is something as in a gun which has to gathering clouds. be concealed and not be in full view hlokomisa / thuthumelisa / of everyone zamazamisa / nyakazisa / hlonishwa (isenzo / verb) be respected, shisekelisa (isenzo / verb) make excited, held in high esteem give passion, demonstrate how a hlonizisa (isenzo / verb) disguise thrill is achieved, be full of hlongoza / cabanga uku…. / enthusiasm, encourage to generate phakamisa ukwenza okuthize/ enthusiasm ncoma ukwenza okuthize (isenzo / verb) hlokoza / joja / shixeka / contemplate, envisage, think about, hlohloloza prick, riddle, jag, jab (2) plan to, propose to, suggest to, think hlokoza / hlohla incite, instigate about initiating something hlola / bheka / phanda / phenya okwenziwe ukuba kwenzeke ihlu… ngendlela eqondiwe na? (isenzo / verb) ihlubuka / iqembuka dissenter, examine, assess, evaluate (2) hlola / dissident, nonconformist, mutineer bhulelwa / bonelwa / xilongwa ihluli (UZL NC 2) blood clot 101
hlukile / chezile / qhelile / uhlu… shenxile (isiphawulo / adjective) different, uhlu (UZL NC 3) list dissimilar, unalike, incompatible, uhlubuko / uqembuko (UZL NC 3) inconsistent, mismatched dissidence, defiance, disobedience, hlukumeza / nyukubeza / thunaza mutinousness, rebelliousness, break / xhaphaza (isenzo / verb) mistreat; off, nonconformity torment, exploit, abuse uhlukaniso / uqhawukofindo / hlula / nqoba / thatha uqhekeko (UZL NC 3)/ inhlukanisa (UZL umuhlanganiso / shaya uhlule (isenzo NC 6)/ isihlukaniso (UZL NC 5) separation, / verb) defeat, conquer, triumph over, segregation, disassociation, division, annihilate, be victorius, beat disunity hluleka / nqobeka / dela (isenzo / verb) uhluko (UZL NC 3)/ umehluko (UZL NC 1.1)/ fail, be unsuccessful, be conquered ukungaboningasolinye (UZL NC 4) hlulekile / nqotshiwe (isiphawulo / difference, dissimilarity, contrast, adjective) failed, conquered disagreement hlulile / deliwe / qedile ithemba uhlumo / uchumo / (isiphawulo / adjective) beyond redemption, inqubekelaphambili / intuthuko irreparable, unrecoverable, hopeless renewal, prosperity, progress, hluma (isenzo / verb) sprout; shoot up; development grow uhlupho (UZL NC 3) irritation; hlunga / hluza / hlukanisa annoyance ukhethe (isenzo / verb) sort, sift, separate, uhluzo / uvulongqondo / categorise, order, sift and select, ucabangisiso / uhlolisiso (UZL NC 3) separate accordingly, include and objective analysis, objective exclude consideration, objectivism, hlungela / hluzela / hlukanisela objectivity, open-mindedness ukhethele (isenzo / verb) sort for, sift for, separate for, categorise for, order hlu… for, sift and select for, separate hlubuka / hluthuka (isenzo / verb) be accordingly for, include and exclude peeled off, be unmasked, get for stripped, (2) dissent, demur, hlungile (isiphawulo / adjective) separated, disagree, diverge sorted, arranged, sifted and selected hlubula / buzisa (isenzo / verb) peel hlungisa / hluzisa / hlukanisa something off, unmask something or ukhethe (isenzo / verb) help someone to someone, skin, peel sort, cause someone to sift, cause hluka / cheza / phikisa / someone to separate, cause someone shayisana nomuqondo / phuma to categorise uphondo / ziqhelanise (isenzo / verb) hlungiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been differ, deviate from, oppose, disassociated, been excluded contradict, be at odd with something …hlungu (isiphawulo / adjective) painful; hlukana / chezelana / qhelelana / hurting shenxelana (isenzo / verb) break-up, part hlupha / canula / cika / nyanyisa / ways, disjoin, split, create distance, hlukumeza / xova umoya / disaffiliate, disentangle, disconnect, khubaza inhliziyo (isenzo / verb) irritate, unravel annoy, vex, make angry, make cross, hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) divide; separate anger, exasperate, bother, irk, gall, pique, put out, displease, antagonize, 102
get on someone's nerves, rub up the eja… wrong way, finish someone's ejahile A UZL 6 in a hurry as in patience, ruffle, ruffle someone's indoda jahile (A man in a hurry) feathers hlupheka / xakeka / ntula / swela Ija… / xakaniseka / nwephuzela be ijaji (UZL NC 2)/ umehluleli (UZL NC 1.1) poverty-stricken, be impoverished, judge, determiner, arbitrator be beggarly, be in penury, be ijalidi (UZL NC 2) yard (2) white penurious, be impecunious, be residence where black African indigent, be needy, be destitute, be women used to work under unable to make ends meet, be apartheid underprivileged, be deprived, be ijaqamba (UZL NC 2) cramp without means, be suffering ijazi (UZL NC 2) coat hluza (isenzo / verb) subject to close ijazilomukhwenyama / scrutiny, evaluate objectively, ikhondomu (UZL NC 2) condom consider impartially, consider without emotions, be objective oja… ojahile UZL 1.1 is in a hurry as in …hlw… Umfana ujahile. (A boy is in a hurry) uhlwayi (UZL NC 3) particles uja… hlwaya (isenzo / verb) comb out; ujahile UZL 1.1 is hurrying as in scrutinise umfana ujahile (A by is hurrying) hlwathiza / hlwathuza / ujakalase (UZL NC 1.1) jackal nhlanhlatha (isenzo / verb) do things the uJakobe (UZL NC 1.1) Jacob wrong way, act blindly, be naïve, be ujamu (UZL NC 1.1) jam ignorant ujantshi (UZL NC 1.1) rail uhlweza (UZL NC 3) loose money; coins hlwitha / thatha ngodli (isenzo / verb) ja… confiscate, take forcefully, grap jabula / thokoza / thakasa / vuya / shaya izandla (isenzo / verb) be happy, be …hw… glad, be joyous jabulela / thokozela / thakasela / ihwanqa UZL NC 2) moustache vuyela (isenzo / verb) be happy for, be glad uhwebo UZL NC 3) / ukuhweba / for, be excited for, congratulate ukuthengisa / ukudayisa UZL NC 4) someone, wish someone well trade, selling, trading jabulile / thokozile / vuyile / uhwebolano / uthengiselwano / thakasile (isiphawulo / adjective) happy, glad, udayiselwano (UZL NC 3) commerce, joyous, buying and selling, dealing, traffic, jabulelwa / thokozelwa / vuyelwa trafficking, business, marketing, / thakaselwa (isenzo / verb) receive warm merchandising, bargaining; dealings, reception, have others express their transactions, negotiations, pleasure to have you proceedings jabulisa / thokozisa / vuyisa / thakasisa (isenzo / verb) entertain, excite, ...j… make happy, make others happy jabha / dumala (isenzo / verb) be sad, be Aja… sorrowful, be dejected, be desolate Ajahile UZL 7 are in a hurry as in amakhosi ajahile. (The traditional leaders are in a hurry) 103
jabhile / dumele (isenzo / verb) jikeleza / rowunda (isenzo / verb) disappointed, frustrated, let down encircle, surround, go around in jabhisa / dumalisa (isenzo / verb) circles disappointing, disheartening, jikisa / phendula (isenzo / verb) turn saddening something over, make something to jahha / gijima / qhenqeleza (isenzo / make a U-turn, turn around verb) speed, accelerate, move faster, something run (2) jahha / lahlekelwa jikijela / ntshinga / lahla (isenzo / verb) isikhathi be in a hurry, be late throw, throw away jahhile (isiphawulo / adjective) in a hurry jima / zivocavoce (isenzo / verb) exercise jaja / hlulela (isenzo / verb) judge, jivaza / dicilela / phoxa / ehlisa surmise, conjecture, determine, give isithunzi / thela ngehlazo (isenzo / verb) a verdict demean, discredit, discredit, jajile / hlulile (isiphawulo / adjective) judged, degrade, humiliate, exasperate determined, had fate determined jajwa / hlelelwa (isenzo / verb) be judged ijo… ijele (UZL NC 2)/ isidlodlo (UZL NC 5)/ ijoka (UZL NC 2)/ umuthwalo (UZL NC 1.2) indlu-emunyama (UZL NC 6) prison, jail burden, load ijongosi / iqhikiza (UZL NC 2) intombi a ije… young woman past the teen stage ijezi (UZL NC 2) jersey ujo… ije… ujojo (UZL NC 1.1) a long skirt ujeke (UZL NC 3) jug uJona (UZL NC 1.1) John ujenge (UZL NC 3) long line uJoni (UZL NC 1.1) Joan ujeqe (UZL NC 1.1) steamed bread uJosefa (UZL NC 1.1) Joseph uJesu (UZL NC 1.1) Jesus uJosifina (UZL NC 1.1) Josephene je… jo… jeqeza (isenzo / verb) observe, keep under jola / thandana / shelana (isenzo / verb) regular observation without being date someone seen; watch out jomba /wela / eqa / gxuma (isenzo / verb) jump over, hop, cross over iji… ijika / ikhona (UZL NC 2) curve, corner, iju… turn ijuba (UZL NC 2) dove ijikijolo (UZL NC 2) blackberry, rasperry ijubane (UZL NC 2) speed ijikhi / iblishi (UZL NC 2) / iJuda (UZL NC 2) Jew isisusamabala (UZL NC 5) Jik, bleach, ijusi (UZL NC 6) / ujusi (UZL NC 1.1)/ stain remover isiphuzo / isiqedakoma (UZL NC 5) ijimu (UZL NC 2) gymn, gymnasium juice uji… uju… ujinja (UZL NC 1.1) ginger uju (UZL NC 3) honey uJulayi / uNtulikazi (UZL NC 1.1) July ji…jika / phenduka / phindela emumva turn, turn around, curve, ju… go back 104
jubalala (isenzo / verb) disappear without trace eka… juluka (isenzo / verb) sweat eka… (UZL NC 6: UZL NC 1.1 excluding pronoun) It is jumbula / donsula / junqula plug for … e.g. Inkomo ekamama. The cow out is for mother. Ekameleni in / at to / the bedroom …jw… Ika… ijwabu (UZL NC 2) foreskin ika… (UZL NC 6 & 10: UZL NC 1.1) UZL NC 6 or jwayela (isenzo / verb) get used to; 10 is at UZL NC 1.1. e.g. Ingane familiarize ikagogo. / A child is at grandmother’s house. …jwi… ikati (UZL NC 2) cat ujwijwi (UZL NC 1.1) swing ikameli (UZL NC 2) camel jwijwa (isenzo / verb) swing; (2) strangle ikamelo / igumbi (UZL NC 2) bedroom ikamu (UZL NC 2) / isichwayo (UZL NC 5) comb …k… ikamumva (UZL NC 2)/ umulando (UZL NC 1.2) history, background Aka… ikani(UZL NC 2) canister aka… (UZL NC 1.1 human + verb suffix vowel ‘e…’ = must) Akahambe. S/He must go. E.g. oka… umama / mother; ubaba / father oka… (UZL NC 1.1 human : UZL NC 1.1) It is for aka… (UZL NC 1.1 human + verb suffix vowel ‘i…’ = e.g. umuntwana okagogo. / A child is negation) Negation UZL NC 1.1. of verbs for grandmother. / A child belongs to without prefix vowel such as hamba the grandmother. / go; hlala / stay; thula / be quiet Okabani? (UZL NC 1.1 human : UZL NC 1.1 human) and those verbs with prefix vowel Whose? E.g. Okabani lona ‘a…’ such azi / know; andisa / umuntwana. / Whose child is this? multiply, e.g. Akahambi. S/He is not going. E.g. ugogo / grandmother; Uka… ubaba / father. Akangahambi. / S/He uka… (UZL NC 1.1 human: UZL NC 1.1 human) is at. must not go. E.g. Umuntwana ukaThembi. / The Aka…(UZL NC 1.1 human + verb with suffix sound unit baby is at Thembi’s. ‘…nga’ = negation) e.g. akavumanga. / S/He kabanzi / ngokujulile / did not agree. ngokwedlulele / kamuhlophe / Akabazi. (UZL NC 1.1 human: 8.1) S/He does kakhulu (isandiso / adverb) exceedingly, not know them. e.g. Umuntwana deeply, extremely, exceptionally, akabazi laba abantu. / The child does especially, tremendously, immensely, not know these people. supremely, very, really, truly, most, Akalazi. (UZL NC 1.1 human: UZL NC 2) S/He distinctly, decidedly does not know it. E.g. Umalume akalazi leli ijaji. / The uncle does not ka… know this judge. Akavumanga. (UZL kabi (isandiso / adverb) badly, poorly, NC 1.1 human) S/ He did not agree.; incompetently, shoddily e.g. S/he declined. Izinsiswa zense kabi Akavume. (UZL NC 1.1 human) S/he must emuqhudelwaneni. / The young men agee. performed badly at the competition. Akavumi. (UZL NC 1.1 human) S/he refuses..; S/He disagrees. Akazi. (UZL NC 1.1) S/He does not know. 105
(2) kabi / ngomoya wezikhova = competently, proficiently, decently, unfavourably, ill, critically, with fairly, civilly, politely, genially, disapproval, with disfavor e.g. kindly, in a kind/kindly way, Ungamucabangeli kabi umusulwa. / generously, hospitably; respectably, Don’t think ill of him, he innocent. (3) honestly,thoroughly, completely, kabi / budlaka / ngenasimilo / efficiently, rigorously, effectively, ganga / gangile / ngcolile = conscientiously, industriously, reprehensibly, naughtily, carefully, intimately, thoroughly, mischievously e.g. UThemba fully, deeply, profoundly, personally, uziphethe kabi. / Themba is carefully, closely, attentively, behaving badly or reprehensibly. (4) rigorously, in depth, exhaustively, kabi / ngonya / ngendluzula = from top to bottom, minutely, in badly, cruelly, wickedly, unkindly, detail, meticulously, scrupulously, harshly, shamefully; unfairly, assiduously, conscientiously, unjustly, wrongly, improperly e.g. painstakingly, methodically, Abantu abamunyama babephethwe completely, comprehensively, fully, kabi ngaphansi kobandlululo. / Black to the fullest extent, intensively, people were treated badly under extensively (2) kahle / ima / ima bo apartheid. (5) kabi / kakhulu / / qha bo bo oh! Please, stop!, No! No! nyantisayo / ngokugagwinyisi No! amathe / thusayo = severely, kahleni / kahleni bo / phezani / seriously, gravely, greatly, phezani bo / imani bo please stop grievously, acutely, critically, kala / linganisa (isenzo / verb) measure dangerously e.g. Balimele kabi. / kamuhlophe / kahle / ngokucacile They are badly injured. (6) kabi / / ngokungangabazeki / kabanzi masishane / ngendlela emangalisayo (isandiso / adverb) well, very well, clearly, / kabi-kabi = badly, eargerly, very undisputedly e.g. UThandi wazi much, greatly, intensely, desperately, kamuhlophe ukuthi ayenziwa leyonto. exceedingly, painfully, sorely e.g. / Thandi knows very well that such Siyilindele kabi imiphumela yethu. / cannot be done. Akezwa. (UZL NC 1.1 human) We are badly awaiting our results. S/He cannot hear. (2) S/he does not kade long time, long e.g. Kade listen.; S/he is deaf. ngakugcina. / I have not seen you for kambe / konje / awusho (isandiso / a long time. (2) kade / …qeda / … adverb) by the way sanda just, a moment ago e.g. Kade kangaki …? / Kungangaki? How ngimubona nje. / I just saw him a many times? while ago. kangcono / kabanzana / kahle kahle / ngokugculisayo / ngomusa (isandiso / adverb) better, more, to a greater / kahle-hle / kahle-kabi / impela- degree impela / ngokuncomekayo / kanjani…? / Ndlelani? How? ngokuconsisa amathe / kanti but, nevertheless, nonetheless, ngokujabulisayo (isandiso / adverb) well, still, yet, though, although, even so, satisfactorily, nicely, correctly, (but) for all that, (but) despite that, rightly, properly, fittingly, suitably, (but) in spite of that; anyway, aptly, appropriately, harmoniously, anyhow, be that as it may, having agreeably, pleasantly, nicely, happily, said that, notwithstanding politely, amicably, amiably, affably, kaze /kazi / kambe / engabe e.g. genially, peaceably, skilfully, ably, Kaze bazokwenzekani ukuphumuma 106
kulengxaki. / I wonder what they ikotishi (UZL NC 2) cottage will do to get out of this situation. ikontileka (UZL NC 6) constructor, construction company Ake… Akekho. (UZL NC 1.1) S/ He is absent .; uko… S/He is not present.; S/He is off. ukolweni (UZL NC 1.1) wheat Akeve (UZL NC 1.1) really, very much, a ukoma (UZL NC 4) / inxano (UZL NC 2) thirst lot e.g. Lona umuntwana akeve ukona (UZL NC 4) destructiveness, ekuthanda ukulwa. / This child really ukotini / uhhali (UZL NC 1.1) cotton likes fighting. ukotshi (UZL NC 1.1)/ ingulube (UZL NC 6) Akezi. (UZL NC 1.1) S/He is not coming. pig Ike… ko… ikekezi (UZL NC 2) facial mask kodwa (isihlanganiso / conjunction) but; yet; ikepisi / ikapisi (UZL NC 2) cap nevertheless, nonetheless, even so, iketela (UZL NC 2) kettle however, still, notwithstanding, ikesi (UZL NC 2) case; container; bottle despite that, in spite of that, for all container; that, all the same, though, although kodwa (UZL NC 4) alone; only; e.g. uke… Ngifuna ukudla kodwa. / I only need uketshezi / ujenge (UZL NC 2) liquid food. kekela walk side ways kona (UZL NC 4) it kepha but Konakele. It is bad. ketula / gingqa topple, tip, konke (UZL NC 4) All; entire; e.g. overbalance Ngifuna konke lokhu ukudla. / I want all this food. iki… kopa (isenzo / verb) scratch one’s private-ikinati (UZL NC 2) peanut parts (2) kopa / kwapuna scoop ikini / ikhaya lakho / imvelaphi kopela (isenzo / verb) copy; forge; steal yakho (UZL NC 2) your home, your someone’s work; pirate; plagiarise residence, your family home, your without acknowledging. origins kopolota (isenzo / verb) scoop-out ikithi / ikhaya lami / imvelaphi kotela (isenzo / verb) ride; sit on, mount, yami (UZL NC 2) my home, our home, my be mounted on, bestride; family home, my origins aku… ki… Aku… + verb with suffix vowel ‘…i’ = kikiza (isenzo / verb) ululate negation. *** Please read notes under kinatela (isenzo / verb) tighten sound unit ‘ku…’ below. Sound unit kipita (isenzo / verb) live-in with ‘aku…’ is in negation. For example; girlfriend or boyfriend unmarried, “Akuzi kahle. / It is not getting any unlawfully or without parental better..” Remember! ‘ku…’ sound unit consent. is a concord of UZL NC 4, but it is also a neutral concord, which can be used iko… to describe, comment or enquire ikolishi (UZL NC 2) college about a situation, condition, feeling ikopi (UZL NC 2) tin in situations, which require ikota (UZL NC 2) quarter neutrality or is all encompassing.. 107
For example, when I say; “kunjani?” / Akusona. (UZL NC 5). It is not it. UZL NC how are you? Or how is the 5 = isandla / hand; isenzo / verb or situation? This question relates not action; isinkwa / bread. just to you personally but your entire Akuvumi. / It does not augur well.; environment which may include It is disagreeable.; It is your family, work, studies, life in uncomfortable. E.g. Akuvumi your community. However, when I ngikhulume. / I feel uncomfortable say; “Banjani ekhaya.” / How are about speaking. they at home? This is specific to UZL Akuwona. (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 non-human & UZL NC 7 NC 8.1 nouns such abantu / people; all nouns human and non-human.) UZL NC 1.1 = It omama / mothers; abangane / is not it. e.g. ugandandaganda / friends; abazali / parents etc. Or tractor. UZL NC 1.2 = It is not it. E.g. Zinjani / How are they? (UZL NC 9) umuzi / house; umushado / such as izingane / children. wedding; umuthetho / law. UZL NC 7 Therefore, kunjani? / how are you is = It is not them. e.g. amantombazane general. / girls; amafu / clouds; amanga / lies. Akubona. (UZL NC 8.1). It is not them. e.g. Akuyona. (UZL NC 6 & UZL NC 10). UZL NC = abantu / people; omalume / uncles; It is not it. E.g. inkomo / cow; imbuzi abameli / lawyers. Akubona abameli / goat; inyoka / snake; intombazane laba. / These are not lawyers. / girl. UZL NC 10 = It is not them. e.g. Akubonakali. It is not clear.; It is imithetho / laws; imiphimbo / invisible. ; It is fuzzy. ; It is blurred. throats; imizi / houses. Akuboni. (UZL NC 4) It does not see. Akuzona. (UZL NC 9). It is not them. UZL Akubo. (UZL NC 7: UZL NC 1.1 human) They are NC 9 = izingane / children; izelamani at his or her place. E.g. / simblings; izono / sins; izimpahla / Amantombazane akubo uThemba. / goods. The girls are at Themba’s place.. Akubona. (UZLNC 8.1) It is not them. eku… in + verb (see examples Akubonwa. It cannot be seen. below) Akucacile. It is not bright enough.; It ekubaleni (undaweni /locative) in counting is unclear. e.g. ekubaleni ngithole usiksi pesenti. Akujwayele. It is not regular. It (In counting I found 6%) hardly …. E.g. Akujwayele ukuthi ekubeni (undaweni /locative) instead, rather abantu bagcwale kangaka kulona ekubhaleni (undaweni /locative) in writing umutholampilo. / It is unsual to see ekufeni (undaweni /locative) in death so many people at this clinic. ekufundeni (undaweni /locative) in studying, Akujwayelekile. / Akuvamile. / in reading, in the process of studying, Akuvamisile. It is unusual. in the process of reading Akukho. (UZL NC 4). It is finished. E.g. ekugugeni (undaweni /locative) during old ukudla / food age, in old age, through old age Akulona. (UZL NC 2 & UZL NC 3). It is not it. ekuguleni (undaweni /locative) in sickness, UZL NC 2 = ijaji / judge; ilangabi / during sickness flame; ikati / cat; iqanda / egg. UZL ekugcineni (undaweni /locative) at the end, NC 3 = ulimi / tongue or language; in the end, finally, ultimately uvalo / anxiety; uthando / love ekuhambeni (undaweni /locative) in travel, Akukona. (UZL NC 4). It is not it. UZL NC 4 during travel, through travelling = ukudla / food; ukwala / rejection; ekujabuleni (undaweni /locative) in joy, ukwenza / action. during joy 108
ekujuleni (undaweni /locative) in the depth formulation of this language. Let us e.g. ekujuleni kwenhliziyo yami (In take a noun word such as ‘azi’ / the depth of my heart) know. If we prefix azi with ‘uku…’ it ekukuthandeni (undaweni /locative) in will become ‘uku + azi = ukuazi’. As loving, in liking already discussed under no ekukhaleni (undaweni /locative) in crying circumstance can a vowel follow e.g. Ekukhaleni kwami wangizwa another consecutively in one word. uJehova. (In my cry God heard me) Therefore the solution is to convert ekulweni (undaweni /locative) in / at / from the colliding vowels which becomes fighting ‘uk(u)+(a)zi = u+a = w. Since in this ekuseni (undaweni /locative) in / from / to language a vowel must always come the morning behind a consonant, we shall then ekuzameni (undaweni /locative) in trying keep the ‘a’ of azi. Therefore, it becomes ukwazi / to know or iku… knowing. Thosse verbs with prefix ikubo (UZL NC 1.1 human) his / her home vowel ‘e’ such as ‘enza’ / do become ikusasa (UZL NC 2) future ‘ukwenza’ / to do or doing. ikuseni (UZL NC 2) / ukusa (UZL NC 4) However, those verbs with prefix morning, dawn, the period of the day vowel ‘i’ such as ‘iza’ / come follow a when right is approaching or has different process to resolving this arrived. vowel collision problem. Due to the fact that consonant ‘w’ and ‘i’ are not Oku… common sounds in this language. Okumuhlophe all the best Again due to the fact that ‘uku’ Okungcono better stuff sound-unit is a neutral sound-unit Okungcwele holly stuff and prefix vowel ‘i’ are considered Okuningi many / a lot / plenty UZL neutral sound-units in their in their 4 as in ukudla okuningi (a lot of sequencing e.g. ‘I’ is in the middle ‘a, food) e, i, o, u’ . The nouns with prefix ‘uku’ are also located in the middle in Uku… the noun cluster sequencing. As such Uku + isenzo (verb) to do that verb all nouns with prefix ‘uku’ belong to uku… to; (uku = to and English noun UZALO noun cluster 4 which is the words derived from verb which have fifth noun cluster of the 12 noun suffix ‘…ing’ words e.g. ukubona = clusters. You shall notice that noun to see or seeing; ukulalela = to cluster 4 is neutral but leans more listen or listening; ukuhamba = to towards singularity, so it is number 5 go or going. We are therefore not in the noun cluster system. It is going to put all the verb words that number 5 and not 4 because noun that have been transformed into cluster 1 has two noun clusters. noun words. Remember all verb Therefore, in this case ‘uku’ takes words when they are prefixed with precedence because this is about the sound-unit ‘uku…’ belong to UZL NC transformation of a verb into a noun. 4 and adopt all rules of this noun The prefix ‘I’ is done away with as it cluster. However, please note that is replaced by prefix ‘uku’ hense we verb words that have prefix vowel in end with ‘ukuza’ / to come or their basic form do not become coming. When it comes to verbs ‘uku…’ because of the mathematical with prefix ‘o’ such as ona / destroy, 109
the same procedure is followed. ukukhithika (UZL NC 4) snowing, to When adding up ‘uk(u)+(o)na = u+o snow = o, therefore because one of the ukukhiza (UZL NC 4) drizzling vowel emerged as the answer ‘o’ ukukhona / ukwazi (UZL NC 4)/ ikhono then takes precedence then it (UZL NC 2)/ ubungcushe / ubuchule / becomes ukona / to destroy or ubungoti / ubuchwepheshe / destroying or destruction. ubukhono / ubungcweti (UZL NC 8.2) to ukuba (isihlanganiso / conjunction) that e.g. be able to, ability, capacity, Sithandwa! Ngiyazi ukuba capability, potential, potentiality, ngingowakho. / My love! I know that power, faculty, aptness, facility, I am yours. (2) ukuba = if e.g. Ukuba propensity, wherewithal, means, niyakwazi lokhu engikwaziyo ngabe preparedness,talent, skill, expertise, anikhulumi kangaka. / If you know expertness, adeptness, aptitude, what I know, you would not be skilfulness, prowess, mastery, talking this much. (3) ukuba = so artistry, calibre, accomplishment, that e.g. Ngizomubonela ukuba competence, competency, angichazele kahle. / I shall see him proficiency, dexterity, adroitness, so that he may explain thoroughly. deftness, cleverness, smartness, flair, ukubaza (UZL NC 4) carving, to carve finesse, gift, knack, brilliance, genius, ukube / nxa / noma / nominini / qualification nanoma / uma / uma kwenzeka / ukulwa / ukuqhophisana / ukuba inkosi iyavuma / nxa ukubambana ngezikhwepha / kuvunyiwe (isihlanganiso / conjunction) if, on ukungaboningasolinye (UZL NC 4) condition that, provided (that), fighting, quarrel, infighting, to fight providing (that), presuming (that), ukuna / ukunetha / ukuyidliva / supposing (that), assuming (that), on ukuyishaya / ukuyithela (UZL NC 4) the assumption that, allowing (that), raining, to rain as long as, given that, with the ukunandisa (UZL NC 4) entertainment provision/proviso that, with/on the ukunetha (UZL NC 4) raining understanding that, if and only if, ukuncishana (UZL NC 4) to be stingy contingent on, in the event that, ukunya / ukubhosha / ukucubuza whenever, every time, whether, (UZL NC 4) to shit, to emit faeces (2) to whether or not, although, albeit, but, talk rubbish, to anger someone, to even though, even if, despite being, disgust someone (3) ukunya / in spite of being, yet, whilst ukusuza / ukushipha to release ukudla (UZL NC 4) food, to eat stomach gases ukufa / ukuphangalala / ukupha / ukuphana / ukukhipha / ukushona / ukulala-safuthi / ukuba nesandla esilulekile (UZL NC 4) ukulala-unomuphelo / giving, liberality, lavishness, ukukhuphukela kwelamathongo magnanimity, magnanimousness, (UZL NC 4) death, to die, to be late, munificence, open-handedness, free-demise, passing away, departure handedness, bounty, unselfishness, from this life indulgence, prodigality, princeliness ukukhathala (UZL NC 4) exhaustion, ukunyela / ukuphoxeka / tiredness, to be tired ukuhhuzuka / ukuphazamiseka ukukhetha (UZL NC 4) selection, to (UZL NC 4) to be disappointed, to be select disheartened (2) ukunyela / ukuphuka / ukwephuka to 110
dislocate a joint, laxate, subluxate, Kubanzima. / Kuya ngokuba disturb a muscle (3) ukunyela / nzima. It is getting worse. ukungavuthwa kahle to be Kubengcono. It must get better. (2) undercooked It was good that …. Ukuphi? Where are you? Kubenjalo. It must be like that. ukuthi that Kubi. It is bad. (2) bad; not good; ukuvala (UZL NC 4) closure, closing, to substandard; below standard; close unsatisfactory. ukuvela(UZL NC 4) appearance; to kubili two; 2 appear Kubomvu. It is red. ukuza (UZL NC 4) coming, approach Kububhlungu. It is painful.; It is ukuze so that hurting.; It is hurtful. ukuzonda (UZL NC 4)/ unya (UZL NC 3)/ Kucacile. It is clear. inzondo / inhliziyo embi (UZL NC 6) / kude long, towering umoya wezikhova (UZL NC 1.2) hatred, kudala old, aged, senior loathing, detestation, abhorrence, kuhlanu five; 5 abomination, repugnance Kuhle. It is good. (2) Well done.; ukuzwa (UZL NC 4) listening, to listen good; satisfactory; up to standard. ukuzwakala (UZL NC 4) audibility Kukaningi. It has often happened. ukuzwana (UZL NC 4) cordiality; kukaningi / njalo / hleze always; affection; friendliness often; frequently e.g. Kukaningi ukuzwela (UZL NC 4) being sensitive linetha leli izulu. / This weather has ukuzizwa / ukuzithwala / often rained. ukuziphakamisa / impakamo to be Kumunandi. (UZL NC 4 & condition or environment) full of oneself, arrogance, It is nice. ; It is delicious. Or overconfidence, pride, egoism, Kumunandi lapha eGoli. / Life is egotism, ego centricity, self- good here in Johannesburg. importance, self-assurance, hubris, Kumunyama. It is dark. (2) It is narcissim, egonamania black. Ku… = Prefix sound unit ‘ku…’ is UZL Kukangaki? How many times? e.g. NC 4 concord. It is also a middle Kukangaki, ngikukhuza? / How many noun cluster, which is in the middle. times have I been warning you? This means that this sound unit is kune four; 4 also regarded as a neutral noun Kungaki? How many? cluster. Teachers who comment on Kungcono. It is better. the work of learners usually use this Kuningi. It is too much. ; It is many. sound unit prefix concord e.g. Kuhle Kunjalo / ncimishi / impela it is = Good. Kubi = Bad. Below we like that present sentence words and words Kunjani? How are you? (2) How are with prefix ‘ku…’ things? Kubalulekengani loku? Why is this Kunje / kunje-nje / kunjenjenje it important? is like this Kubalulekile. It is important. Kunzima. It is hard. Kubangela… It causes… e.g, Kuyabonakala. It is clear. (2) It is Ukungaphumuli kubangela isiyezi. / obvious. Insufficient rest causes dizziness. Kuyesabeka. It is scary. ; It is kubanzi wide frightening. (2) It is amazing. Kungaki? How many? 111
Kunjani? How are you. (2) How is it? ikhathuni (UZL NC 6)/ upopayi (UZL NC 1.1) Kunini? When is it? cartoon kunye one; 1 ikhaya / idladla (UZL NC 2) home Kuphi? Where?; Where is it? ukhakhayi / ugebhezi (UZL NC 3) top of kuthathu three; 3 the head, crown of the head …kh… okha… okhalayo a crying UZL 1.1 as in Akha… umfana okhalayo (A cruing boy) akha / khanda (isenzo / verb) build, okhakhasayo a campaigning UZL construct, develop, create, fix 1.1 as in umumeli okhankasayo (A pboard campaigning lawysre) akhandiwe fixed UZL 7 as in amakhabethe akhandiwe (fixed ukha… cupboards) ukhakhayi (UZL NC 3) crown of the head, the top part of the head ekha… ukhalazo / ukhonondo (UZL NC 3)/ ekhaleni to / at / in / from / into the isikhalazo, isikhalo (UZL NC 5) nose grievance, complaint, objection ekhanda on the head ukhalo (UZL NC 3) waistline; (2) veld ekhandeni to / at / in / from / into ukhamba (UZL NC 3)/ imbiza (UZL NC 6)/ the head ibhodwe (UZL NC 2)/ isitsha (UZL NC 5) clay ekhaya (UZL NC 4) at / to / in / from / pot, pot, container, receptable, vessel into home ukhandapondo (UZL NC 1.1) / intela- yekhanda / intela-yesiqusomuntu ikha… (UZL NC 6) head-tax; Personal Income ikhabethe (UZL NC 2) cupboard Tax (PIT) ikhala (UZL NC 2) / impumulo (UZL NC 6) ukhanjana (UZL NC 1.1) headpin nose, nostril ukhasha (UZL NC 3) / ubulacu / ikhalenda (UZL NC 6) calendar ubugwiqi/ ubugwiqigwiqi (UZL NC 8.2)/ ikhalibhodi (UZL NC 2) cardboard ulacu / ukhwishikhwishi (UZL NC 3) ikhamera (UZL NC 6)/ isithwebuli (UZL NC swiftness, fastness, suddenness 5) camera ikhambi (UZL NC 4)/ umuthi (UZL NC 1.2) kha… medicine khaba / khahlela (isenzo / verb) kick ikhampani (UZL NC 6) company khaca / futha (isenzo / verb) yell; shout; ikhampeni (UZL NC 6)/ umukhankaso scream at; screech at / umubhidlango / umunyakazo (UZL khahlaza (isenzo / verb) drop something NC 1.2) campaign, push, drive, crusade, (2) rattle something activity, offensive, movement khahlazisa (isenzo / verb) rattle ikhanda (UZL NC 2) / inhloko (UZL NC 6) something head khahlela / khaba (isenzo / verb) kick, ikhandlela (UZL NC 2) candle foot, strike, pass ikhasi / ipheji (UZL NC 2) page khala / lila (isenzo / verb) cry ikhasitoma / ikhasimende (UZL NC 2)/ khalisa (isenzo / verb) cause to cry; (2) umuthengi / umukhithizi (UZL NC 1.1) empathise customer, client, consumer, buyer, khamisa (isenzo / verb) open your mouth purchaser ikhathoni (UZL NC 2) carton 112
khanda / lungisa (isenzo / verb) fix, khathwa / gcotshwa (isenzo / verb) be mend, patch up, repair smeared with something, be khandela (isenzo / verb) fix for. mend for, smothered with something repair for khava / mboza / buyisela / khandisa (isenzo / verb) help one to fix, hloniphisa / fihla cover, conceal, (2) fix like hide, disguise khandisisa (isenzo / verb) fix properly, fix khawula / pheza / ima / nqamula suitably, fix appropriately, fix (isenzo / verb) stop, end, cease, finish, thoroughly pause khandla / fukuzisa / sebenzisa- nzima (isenzo / verb) exploit, cause to toil, akhe… cause to work hard akhela build for khandleka /fukuza / zabalaza / akhelanani build for one another sebenza-nzima / juluka (isenzo / verb) akhele built for work hard, toil, labour, struggle khandlekile (isiphawulo / adjective) feel warn akhi… out, feel extremely tired Akhiphe. Take out UZL 7 as in khandlwa (isenzo / verb) be made to toil, Akhiphe amanzi ebhavini. (Take the be made to work hard water out of the bathtub) khangela/ bheka /bona / cinga akhisa ekhabetheni in / to / on / (isenzo / verb) look, see, check (2) from / into the cu khangela / funa / phanda / phenya search, check, investigate ikhe… khangisa (isenzo / verb) show off, display; ikhefu (UZL NC 2) / uhefane (UZL NC 1.1) exhibit; demonstrate pause, break khankasa / khampeyina (isenzo / verb) ikhehla (UZL NC 2) old man campaign ikheji (UZL NC 2)/ umugede (UZL NC 1.2) khapha / phelezela / hambisana cage (isenzo / verb) accompany ikheli (UZL NC 2) address khathala (isenzo / verb) be tired; be ikhekhe (UZL NC 2)/ exhausted isinkwasomubhako (UZL NC 2) cake khathalela / shisekela / cabangela ikhempu (UZL NC 6) / inkambu (UZL NC 6) (isenzo / verb) be concerned, be eager, be camp, barrack, campsite (2) lobby, keen , be zealous, be ardent faction khathalelwa (isenzo / verb) have others or ikhephu (UZL NC 6) cap someone concerned or eager about ikheshi (UZL NC 2) / ilifti (UZL NC 6) you elevator, lift, escalator khathaza (isenzo / verb) cause to worry ikhethelo (UZL NC 2)) exclusive thing, khathazeka / hlukumezeza / the best choice dunyazwa / phatheka kabi (isenzo / ikhethenisi / ikhetheni (UZL NC 2) verb) be worried, be unhappy, feel sad, curtain be saddened khathazekile (isiphawulo / adjective) worried okhe… khathazwa (isenzo / verb) be bothered by okhefane apostrophies something or someone, be worried okhethekile the chosen UZL 1.1 as in about something or someone umuntu okhethekile (A chosen person) 113
ukhe… ukhiqizo (UZL NC 3)/ umukhiqizo (UZL NC ukhefane (UZL NC 1.1) apostrophe (2) 1.2) produce; yield; grocery; products ukhefane / ikhefu pause ukhiye (UZL NC 3)/ isihluthulelo (UZL NC 5) ukhence (UZL NC 1.1) rattling object key ukheshe (UZL NC 3)/ isipidi (UZL NC 5) uKhisimusi (UZL NC 1.1) Christmas swiftness; speed; fastness ukhithizo (UZL NC 3) shopping ukheshi (UZL NC 1.1) cash ukhethe (UZL NC 3) laminated stone khi… ukhetho (UZL NC 3) election khihla (isenzo / verb) weep ukhenketho (UZL NC 3)/ ukuvakasha / khihlika (isenzo / verb) ferment ukungcebeleka (UZL NC 4) khihliza (isenzo / verb) foam, froth up umungcebeleko (UZL NC 1.2)/ khinda (isenzo / verb) wear something ungcebeleko (UZL NC 3)/ umavakasha short (UZL NC 1.1) tourism; visit; exploration khinyabeza (isenzo / verb) sabotage, ukhezo (UZL NC 3)/ isipuni (UZL NC 5) impede spoon khipha (isenzo / verb) take out, eject khithika (isiphawulo / adjective) be overcast khe… khithiza (isenzo / verb) shop-around khefuza / hefuzela (isenzo / verb) talk too much; breath rapidly ikho… kheceza (isenzo / verb) be rattling; be ikhofi (UZL NC 2) coffee clattering, chattering, be talkative, ikholwa (UZL NC 2) believer khekhela / ikhaphezulu (isenzo / verb) ikhoma (UZLNC 1.1) comma highlight, accentuate, give an ikhomanisi (UZL NC 2) communist overview ikhombandlela (UZL NC 2) guide, model, khenketha / vakasha / ngcebeleka blueprint, pattern , template, (isenzo / verb) tour, visit, explore archetype, prototype, sample, khetha / tomula (isenzo / verb) elect, example, exemplar, standard, choose touchstone, measure, benchmark, khexa / dangala / mangala / yardstick (2) guidebook, tourist dumala (isiphawulo / adjective) be dejected; guide, travel guide, travelogue, be downcast, be downhearted, directory, handbook, manual, despondent, be disappointed; be ikhompyutha (UZLNC 1.1) computer shamefaced. ikhona (UZL NC 2) corner kheva / qhetha (isiphawulo / adjective) idle; Ikhona. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It (They) is be slothful; be lazy; have nothing to (are) there. do ikhono (UZL NC 2) / isiphiwo (UZL NC 5) talent, aptitude, gift, ability, capacity okhi… ikhonokwenza (UZL NC 2) / isiphiwo-okhiye (UZL NC 8.1) keys sokwenza (UZL NC 5) / ubungoti (UZL NC 8.2) skill, expertise, proficiency, ikhi… competence, talent, aptitude, gift, ikhilikithi (UZL NC 3) slope (2) cricket ability, capacity ikhishi (UZL NC 2)/ igumbikupheka (UZL ikhophi (UZL NC 6) copy; duplicate, NC 2) kitchen duplication, reprint; facsimile; ikhiwane (UZL NC 2) fig photocopy, carbon-copy, mimeograph, mimeo, transcript ukhi… 114
ikhoza / ilangabikazi (UZL NC 2) / khophoza / gebisa-ikhanda (isenzo / umulilo omukhulu (UZL NC 1.1) blaze, verb) bow one’s head inferno, massive-fire khonza (isenzo / verb) send regards; worship okho… khonzela (isenzo / verb) send regards to, okhokho (UZL NC 8.1) ancestors pass best wishes to khotha (isenzo / verb) lick ukho… ukhokho (UZL NC 1.1) cocoa (2) ekhu… ancestor, great-grand father / ekhukhwini (undaweni / locative) in / into mother the pocket ukholo (UZL NC 3) religion, faith ekhuphukayo a climbing UZL 6 as in ukholo (UZL NC 2)/ ezenkolo (UZL NC 9) imoto ekhuphukayo (A climbing car) religion; religious studies; theology ekhuphukile increased UZL 6 as in ukhonkolo (UZL NC 1.1) concrete indlu ekhuphukile (An increased uKhongolose (UZL NC 1.1) congress; (2) house)) African National Congress ukhova / ubhanana (UZL NC 3) banana ikhu… ukhozi (UZL NC 3) eagle ikhukhu / iphakethe (UZL NC 2) pocket khohlisa / dukisa / phambukisa ikhulu (UZL NC 2) one hundred, 100 (isenzo / verb) deceive, lie to, swindle, ikhuphoni (UZL NC 2) coupon cheat, defraud, mislead, misrepresent, misinform okhu… okhuphukayo an ascending / steep kho… UZL 1.1 or UZL 1.2 as in umuqansi khohlwa / libala (isenzo / verb) forget okhuphukayo (an uphill) khokha (isenzo / verb) pay khokhela (isenzo / verb) pay someone (2) ukhu… khokhela / fundisa / bonisa / ukhula (UZL NC 3) weed khulisa / phucula teach, enlighten, ukhulu (UZL NC 3) great-grandmother sophisticate, educate, edify or father khokhisa (isenzo / verb) make someone to ukhuni (UZL NC 3) firewood, wood pay; demand payment khuba / khribha (isenzo / verb) trip, make kholelwa (isenzo / verb) believe in, have one to lose balance faith kholwa (isenzo / verb)believe khu… khomba (isenzo / verb) point, indicate, khubazeka (isiphawulo / adjective) be gesture towards crippled, be physically impaired, be khombisa / tshengisa / bonisa (isenzo disabled / verb) show to someone, indicate to, khukhumala / vuvukala / futheka point out to, demonstrate (isenzo / verb) swell, expand, expand, khona (isenzo / verb) there buldge, grow, become, inflate, khona–le (isenzo / verb) there far away become bigger, baloon khononda (isenzo / verb) complain khukhumele (isiphawulo / adjective) swallon, khonga (isenzo / verb) represent groom big, bigger, inflated and negotiate on his behalf with the khukhumeza (isenzo / verb) inflate with bride’s family conceit khonkotha (isenzo / verb) bark 115
khukhumalisa / futha / khuphuka / nyuka (isenzo / verb) go up, vuvukalisa (isenzo / verb) cause to inflate, increase, climb up make it bigger, make it rise e.g. khuphukile / biza / dula / Awukhukhumalise inhlama / Make bizisiwe / dulisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) the dough to rise increased, went up (2) climbed up, khula / chuma (isenzo / verb) grow; ascended develop khuphula / khuphukisa (isenzo / verb) khuleka / thandaza (isenzo / verb) pray take up, increase (2) nyusa make it khulelisa / mithisa / zalisa (isenzo / louder (3) khuphula / nyusa / verb) impregnate gibelisa / cokamisa lift up khulelwa / mitha / lindela khushulwa (isenzo / verb) be promoted umuntwana (isenzo / verb) be pregnant khuthala (isenzo / verb)be industrious khulile / …ndala, …dala (isiphawulo / khuthaza (isenzo / verb) encourage adjective) old, mature, aged khuza (isenzo / verb) give warning; alert …khulu / …nkulu (isiphawulo / adjective) big, massive, large, huge khulula (isenzo / verb) free khuluma (isenzo / verb) speak; talk …khr… khulumela (isenzo / verb)) mediate, speak on behalf of someone; complain ikhrasti (UZL NC 6) crust khulumela-safuthi (isiphawulo / adjective) ikhrantshi (UZL NC 6) crunch talk-too much; be talkative ikhrayoni (UZL NC 6) crayon khulumisa / xoxisa / khulumisana uKhrestu / uJesu (UZL NC 1.1) Christ / xoxisana / bonisana (isenzo / verb) talk ikhrisi (UZL NC 6) a line on the ironed to, speak to, speak with, talk with, dress, shirt, pants etc. discuss with, seek counsel from ukhrimu (UZL NC 1.1) cream khuluphala / nona (isenzo / verb) be fat ikhromu (UZL NC 6) soccer or rugby khuma (isenzo / verb) eat dry food boot amakhromu (UZL NC 7) soccer or without liquid rugby boots khumula (isenzo / verb) undress, take ikhru (UZL NC 6)/ ujenge / udwendwe clothes off (UZL NC 3)/ abaphelezeli (UZL NC 8.1)/ khumbula (isenzo / verb) remember izikhaphi (UZL NC 9) crew khumbulile (isiphawulo / adjective) remembered khumbuza (isenzo / verb) remind …khw… khumbuzile (isiphawulo / adjective) reminded Ikhwa… khumbuzwa / khunjuzwa (isenzo / verb) ikhwapha (UZLNC 2) armpit be reminded ikhwaya (UZLNC 6) choir khunjuliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) remembered okhwa… khunjulwa (isenzo / verb) be remembered okhwapheni (UZL NC 8.1) secret lovers khunga (isenzo / verb) shower with gifts or presents ukhwa…. khungatheka (isiphawulo / adjective) be ukhwabaniso / uhwiphilizo (UZLNC surprised; be amazed; astonish 3)/ ukukhwabanisa (UZLNC 4) khunta (isiphawulo / adjective) be stale; be corruption, fraud rotten; be off (2) be stuffy ukhwabalani / uxovekongqondo (UZLNC 3 (UZLNC 4)) depression ukhwapheni scret lover 116
khwa… klaya / sika (isenzo / verb) demarcate, cut, khwabanisa (isenzo / verb) defraud; perform an act of cutting and solicit bribe; be corrupt allocating land khwaza shout ( ubirkd)l ebe / uheshe (UZLNC 1.1) (inyoni) hawk klebhu ibomvu klephu okwegazi / it ikhwe… is as red as blood (b) Ubomvu klephu. ikhwezi (UZL NC 3) the morning star, / S/He is bloody or is soaking in blood Venus klebhula / dabula / sika (isenzo / verb) tear, cut ukhwe… klebhukile / dabukile (isiphawulo / ukhwekhe (UZL NC 3) cutaneous itching adjective) torned ukhwezomali / utshalomali / klela / klelisa / layinisa (isenzo / verb) ugcinomali / ukhulisomali (UZLNC 3) arrange in a line investment klibhi! / klibhi! Klolo / Khlibhi! Dade Good gracious!, humph! khwe… klunyula / sonta (isenzo / verb) strangle khwehlela (isenzo / verb) cough khweleta / khweleza (isenzo / verb) be possessive, be jealous khwexela / khwengxela (isenzo / verb) ...klw… settle comfortably, position appropriately, create balance, lift up iklwa (UZLNC 2) / umukhonto (UZLNC 1.2) khweza / londoloza (isenzo / verb) store, spear deposit, save, keep safe (2) preserve klwebha (isenzo / verb) scratch khwezela / phephetha (isenzo / verb) klwibhiza / xikiza / klweba / blow, incite, ignite, keep the fire bhala amahliphihliphi (isenzo / verb) burning scribble, scratch, write hurriedly, write nonsense ikhwi… ikhwifi (UZL N 2) speckle, small spot, tiny spot …kw… khwibiza / sabisa (isenzo / verb) scare away akwa… (UZLNC 7) They are at … khwica (isenzo / verb) tuck in Akwami. (prefix ‘a’ = UZLNC 7 + possessive) They khwifa (isenzo / verb) spit, (2) impress are at my house. khwishiza / khushuza (isenzo / verb) be Akwakhe. (prefix ‘a’ = UZLNC 7 + possessive) They restless (2) khwishiza / tatazela be are at his / her house. busy Akwande. May it multiply. Ikwa… (UZLNC 6 & 10) it is at …kl… ikwabo (UZLNC 2) their house ikwakhe (UZLNC 2) his/ her house or iklabishi (UZLNC 2) cabbage place uklayo (UZLNC 2) demarcation Ikwami. It is at my house. klabha / canda / nquma (isenzo / verb) Ikwakhe. (UZLNC 6 or 10: 1.1 ) it is chop, split, cut, slaughter at her house. klamuza (isenzo / verb) chew something ikwami (UZLNC 2) /umuzi wami (UZLNC 1.2) crunchy, sound of something my house crunchy Ikwami. (prefix ‘i’ = UZLNC 6 or UZL NC 10 + possessive) klamuzela (isiphawulo / adjective) crunchy It is at my house., They are at my house. okwatapheya (UZLNC 8.1) avocado pears 117
ukwala / ukuphikisa / ukunqaba / ukwenzelela (UZLNC 4) to do something ukungamukeli (UZLNC 4) refusal, non- gudgingly acceptance, disapproval, rejection, ukwenzelana (UZLNC 4) to help one denial another, to reciprocate, to return ukwaliwa (UZLNC 4) to be rejected, to be favour (2) ukwenzelana / be dismissed, to be no longer wanted ukukwazelana / ukuhlabisana / ukwaneliswa / ukweneliswa / ukufakana favour, favouritism, ukugculiseka / ukugezeka nepotism, patronage inhliziyo (UZLNC 4) satisfaction, ukwenzisa (UZLNC 4) do make others contentment / fulfillment / practice, to engage others on the gratification / delight activity to prove competency, to ukwanda / ukukhula / ukuchuma stimulate, to prompt, to activate (UZLNC 4)/ uchumo (UZLNC 3) expansion, ukwenzelwa (UZLNC 4) to be done a growth, growing, flourishing, favour, profusion, abundance ukwenzisisa (UZLNC 4) to perform ukwanga (UZLNC 4) hugging, embracing thoroughly, thoroughness, ukwatapheya (UZLNC 1.1) avocado pear meticulousness, efficiency, kwapuna (isenzo / verb) scoop professionalism kwata / dinwa / thukuthela / kweleta (isenzo / verb) take on credit, thelwa ngamanzi (isenzo / verb) be angry loan, credit, advance ukwena (UZLNC 4) / isikhotha (UZLNC 5) kweletisa (isenzo / verb) allow to take on overgrowth of garden or field, credit, lease, lend ukwenama / ukwesasa / kwenza / kudala / kuholela / ukujabula / ukuthonoza (UZLNC 4) kulidela (UZL NC 4) causes, leads to, happiness, joy, gladness creates, manifests into ukwenanele / ukulalela (UZLNC 4) kwitiza (isenzo / verb) speak foreign listening language, speak incomprehensible ukwenza / ukuhlolwa (UZLNC 4) / language, talk illogically umusebenzi (UZLNC 1.2)/ ukhulisokhono / ukhulisolwazi / uhlolokhono / uhlololwazi / …l… uhlolokwenza / uhlolomfundiso (UZLNC 3) / ufundisosakwenza / uhlolo Ala… (UZLNC 3) / imfundisokwenza (UZLNC 6) to ala / nqaba / phika / chitha (isenzo / do, doing, practicals, activity, verb) refuse, deny, oppose, reject experienment, test, examinination, inspection, evaluation, assessment, ale… appraisal (2) ukwenza to do, to ale UZL 7 of there (far away) implement, implementation ali… ukwelapha / ukunyaka / aliwa (isenzo / verb) be rejected, be ukudokotela / ukunesa / dismissed, be no longer wanted ukuhlenga / ukuphilisa / aliswa / nyanya (isenzo / verb) feel dislike ukusindisa (UZL NC 4) healing, nursing, towards something medicating ukwenzela / ukusiza / ukulekelela ela… (UZLNC 4) to do something for someone, elapha / sindisa / nyanga (isenzo /verb) to help someone, to give favour to heal, medicate, cure, soothe elangeni (undaweni / locative) in / to / at / from / into the sun 118
landulela refuse on behalf of (2) ila… foretell ilahle (UZL NC 2) coal landwa (isenzo /verb) be fetched ilambu (UZL NC 2) lamp langaza / qaleka (isenzo /verb) crave ilanga (UZL NC 2) sun (2) ilanga (UZL NC 2) / lapha / sindisa / nyanga / vusa usuku (UZL NC 2) / imini (UZL NC 6)/ ekuguleni / nika umuhla (UZL NC 1.2) day amakhathakhatha okuphila / nika ilangabi (UZL NC 2) flame, inferno iselapho (isenzo /verb) heal, doctor, ilava (UZL NC 6) lava medicate, treat, minister lapha here ula… laphaya / lapho (budebuduze) there ulaka (UZL NC 3) fury, outrage, laphayana over there very far repugnance, abhorrence, aversion, lapho there (not so far away) enragement, exasperation, layela (isenzo /verb) give someone directions la… layeka (isenzo /verb) ‘drink own lahla (isenzo /verb) throw-away medicine’ lahleka (isenzo /verb) get lost layisha (isenzo /verb) load lahlela (isenzo /verb) take a chance; layitha / khanyisa (isenzo /verb) light guess laza / hluleka (isenzo /verb) fail lahlekisa (isenzo /verb) mislead lahlekelwa (isenzo / verb) lose something ule… lahlisa / dukisa mislead, ulengiso (UZL NC 3) / isilengiso / misrepresent, give wrong advice isigwebo (UZL NC 5) sentencing, prison lahliswa (isenzo /verb) be misled sentence, punishment, convinction lala (isenzo /verb) sleep ulevo (UZL NC 3)/ umulevo (UZL NC 1.2) a laliswa (isenzo /verb) be admitted; be boring tale made to sleep; be sedated lalela (isenzo /verb) listen le… lamanisa (isenzo /verb) fall pregnant lekelela (isenzo /verb) support again lelesa / gebenga / gqekeza / lamula (isenzo /verb) mediate; arbitrate; hlukumeza (isenzo /verb) commit crime, reconcile harrass others or someone, break-in, lamba (isenzo /verb) be hungry violate lambatha (isenzo /verb) be empty handed lengisa (isenzo /verb) hang lambile (isiphawulo / adjective) being hungry letha / zisa (isenzo /verb) bring landa (isenzo /verb) tell-on (2) fetch lethela (isenzo /verb) bring for landela (isenzo /verb) follow lethelwa (isenzo /verb) be brought landelela (isenzo /verb) follow up, something monitor progress leleza / gcweleza (isenzo /verb) harass, landelanisa (isenzo /verb) line up, arrange persecute, bedevil, pester (2) commit chronologically, arrange crime systematically lenga (isenzo /verb) hang landelwa (isenzo /verb) be followed lengisa (isenzo /verb) let hang, loosen landisa / chaza (isenzo /verb) tell a story, explain; describe ali… landula (isenzo /verb) deny aliwa / chithwa (isenzo /verb) be rejected, be dumped, be dismissed 119
(2) aliwa / ngavumelani / ulinganiso (UZL NC 3)/ ilinganiso (UZL NC ngahambisani = be allergic, versed 2) measurement, estimation to, be opposed by, be rejected by , be ulingiso (UZL NC 3)/ umukopelo (UZL NC hostile to (a) aliwa unyaka= 1.2)/ ukwenza-engathithi (UZL NC 4) experience misfortunes in that year imitation, (2) aliwa isisu look ugly during ulingo (UZL NC 3) provocation pregnancy, be sickly during ulizwi / unembeza (UZL NC 1.1) / igama pregnancy (3) aliwa inyama (UZL NC 2) / into-ethi (UZL NC 6) conscience, ebomvu = be allergic to red meat (4) the name of the Lord aliwa indawo = undergo a lot of unpleasant experiences in a li… particular area (5) aliwa izulu = be libala / shiywa isikhathi (isenzo /verb) sickly during the specific time of a delay, be held up (2) libala / weather season khohlwa forget, fail to remember libale eli… libalile forgotten eli … adjective noun concord for UZL libazisa (isenzo /verb) cause someone to NC 2 nouns e.g. ilanga elibi / bad day delay (2) keep company (3) treat elihle the beautiful one UZL NC 2 symptoms e.g. ibhodwe elihle (a beautiful pot) libazisiwe made or cause to delay by ilibaziso (UZL NC 2) anything that causes someone or something delay libaziswa be delayed by someone or ilida (UZL NC 6)/ umuholi (UZL NC1.1) something leader libaziswe delayed by ilifa / ifa (UZL NC 2) inheritance (2) skin libele forget growth libi / limbi (UZL NC 2) ugly, bad, ilifu / ifu (UZL NC 2) cloud horrible, terrible (2) It is ugly. ilihlo / ihlo (UZL NC 2) eye lima (isenzo /verb) plough ilima (UZL NC 2) communal cultivation limala (isenzo /verb) be injured, be hurt ilinda (UZL NC 2) successor limalela be injured for, be hurt for ilindiso (UZL NC 2) succession limalile injured, hurt ilinganiso (UZL NC 2) estimate, limalisa cause someone or measurement something to be injured, hurt, ilitha (UZL NC 2) litre wounded or broken iliwa / iwa / idwala (UZL NC 2) cliff, limaza (isenzo /verb) injure, hurt ridge, hill, fall limazana injure one another ilizwe / izwe (UZL NC 2) country, nation limazene injured one another limazile caused injury / hurt uli… limazisa (isenzo /verb) cause to injure ulilizelo (UZL NC 3)/ ukukikiza / limazisisa curtail temporality as in ukikizo (UZL NC 4) ululation treating sympomps or numbing the ulibaziso (UZL NC 3) temporal measure pain ulibalo / ukukhohlwa (UZL NC 4) limazwe injured by forgetfulness limele injured ulilizo (UZL NC 3)/ ukukikiza (UZL NC 4) linda (isenzo /verb) wait ullulation lindela (isenzo /verb) anticipate; ulimi (UZL NC 3) language, participate in night vigil ulimu (UZL NC 3) tongue lindeka be expected to do something 120
lindelekile expected lobolela pay bride token of lindelana wait for each other appreciation for lindelwa be expected, be anticipated lobolelwa have bride token of lindelwe expected, anticipated, appreciation paid one’s behalf predicted, projected loboliswa be assisted to pay bride lindisa (isenzo /verb) wait for ; token of appreciation lindisisa wait for very long lolonga (isenzo /verb) refine, fine-tune, lindiswa be assisted in one’s wait perfect lindiswe assisted by in the wait lolongeka be refinenable, be Lindiwe awaited, expected, mouldeable, anticipated, forseen, lolongekile refined lindwa be waited for lolongela refine for lindwe waited for lolonge refined linga (isenzo /verb) tempt; entice; coerce, lolongisa help another to refine influence badly lolongisisa help another to refine linganisa (isenzo /verb) try on; fit on (2) londoloza / khweza (isenzo /verb) keep imitate safe, archive, safe storage, preserve lingeka (isenzo /verb) be tempted londolezela store for, keep safe for lingene (isiphawulo / adjective) fit londolozelelwa have something appropriately, equal kept or stored on one’s behalf lingisa (isenzo /verb) imitate; emulate; londoloziwe stored, kept safe copy; mimic lotsholwa (isenzo /verb) have ‘bride price’ lingwa be tempted by, be provoked paid for you by lotsholiwe have bride token of appreciation paid in full elo… lotsholwe have bride token of elo…. UZL 2 is for appreciation paid in full by elondolo at / in / from / to the laundry alu… alungile kind UZL 7 ilo… ilondolo (UZL NC 2) laundry; dry-clean elu… elungeni to / at / from / to the olofu loaves member or branch olova loiters ilu… ulo… ilunga (UZL NC 2) member (2) ilunga / ulofu (UZL NC 1.1) loaf igatsha branch (3) ilunga segment ulova (UZL NC 1.1) loiter, linger ilukuluku uloyiso / usatshiso (UZL NC 3)/ ilulwane / uthathekile gullible ukwesatshiswa (UZL NC 4) intimidation person loba / bhala / shicilela (isenzo /verb) ilumbo / isifo socansi sexually write; author; chronicle transmitted disease lobela / bhalela write for ilungelo (UZL NC 2) a right, right, lobelisa / bhalisa entitlement, privilege lobola (isenzo /verb) pay ‘bride price’ ilungiselelo (UZL NC 2) preparation (bride perfunctory, bride family ilungiso / ukulungisa correction token of appreciation) 121
lu… elwayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) a / the lula / nweba / andisa (isenzo /verb) fighting one straighten, stretch, elongate, make longer, prolong, lengthen ilwa… lulama / phila / phola recover, heal ilwa / qophisana / zwanani-lulamile recovered, healed izikhwepha / xab1ana / biza lulamisiwe / pljilisiwe / pholisiwe esitikini (isenzo /verb) fight, quarrel, have (isiphawulo / adjective) helped to recover, an argument, confront been healed lulaza / diciza isithunzi / phoxa olwa… ((isenzo /verb) jeopardise; put in danger; olwabo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC put at risk 8.1) It is theirs. lulaze embarrassed e.g. Umfana olwakhe (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3: Object Noun = UZL ululaze igama lami NC 1.1- human noun) It is his or hers. lulazile / dicizile isithunzi / olwalo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC phoxile embrarrassed e.g. Umfana 2 & 3) It is its… . ulilulazile igama lami. olwako (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL luleka / cebisa / bonisa (isenzo /verb) NC 4) It is theirs. advise, guide ( olwakho (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = lulekile / cebisile / bonisile (isiphawulo second person: singular) It is yours. / adjective) advised, guided, counselled olwami (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = first lulekwa / cebiswa/ boniswa be person singular) It is mine. advised, be guided, be counselled olwandle in / at / from / to the sea lulela straighten for olwangeni in / at / to / from the lulile straightened palate lulwa be straightened olwaso (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC lunga (isenzo /verb) be kind; be polite; be 5) It is its/ hers/ his. approachable; be righteous olwawo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL lungela (isenzo /verb) be fit for, be ready NC 1.1 – non-human noun, 1.2, 7) It is theirs. for, be equipped for olwayo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC lungile (isiphawulo / adjective) kind 6 & 10) It is theirs. lungisa (isenzo /verb) sort out; make- olwazo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC right; straighten, fix, correct 9) It is theirs. lungisela prepare for lungiselela (isenzo /verb) prepare ulwa… lungisisisa / qoqisisisa prepare ulwandle (UZL NC 3) sea thoroughly, be efficient, be ulwanga (UZL NC 3) palate, roof of the meticulous mouth lungisiwe fixed, prepared, corrected ulwazi (UZL NC 3) knowledge lungiswa be corrected, be fixed lwa… lwabo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC ...lw… 8.1) their …. lwakhe (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3: Object Noun = UZL NC Alwa… 1.1- human noun) its, his or hers. alwayo (UZL NC 7) fighting ones lwalo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 2 & 3) Its … . elwa… 122
lwako (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC amabala (UZL NC 7) spots 4) its amabalabala (UZL NC 7) multiple spots lwakho (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = second amabalelo (UZL NC 7) / izintingo (UZL NC 7) person: singular) your. building buttons lwami (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = first amabalengwe (UZL NC 7) leopard spots, person singular) my panther spots lwaso (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 5) amabali (UZL NC 7) / izinganekwane its (UZL NC 9) stories, folktale stories lwawo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC amabanga (UZL NC 7) distances (2) 1.1 – non-human noun, 1.2, 7) It is their grades lwayo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 6 amabele (UZL NC 7) breasts & 10) Its; their amabizo (UZL NC 7) names, nouns lwazo (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = UZL NC 9) amabizwana (UZL NC 7) pronouns their amabomu (UZL NC 7) deliberate deeds amaboni / amaqhwagi / amadiya olwe…. (UZL NC 7)/ isikhonyane (UZL NC 5) locusts olwenu (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = second amabululu (UZL NC 7) puff-arders person: plural) It is yours . amabutho / amasosha (UZL NC 7) / olwethu (Subject noun = UZL NC 3; object noun; ours ) ibutho (UZL NC 2) / impi (UZL NC 6) It is ours. regiment, battalion, brigade, commando, platoon, detachment, ulwe… army, soldiers, fighters ulwebu (UZL NC 2) very thin material amabhadi / amashwa (UZL NC 7) / uLwesibili (UZL NC 3) Tuesday isikhwakhwalala / isichitho / uLwesithathu (UZL NC 3) Wednesday isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5)/ ubumunyama uLwesine (UZL NC 3) Thursday (UZL NC 8.2) misfortnes, bad lucks uLwesihlanu (UZL NC 3) Friday amabhakede (UZL NC 7) buckets ulwembu (UZL NC 3) spider-web amabhala (UZL NC 7) wheelbarrows uLwezi (UZL NC 3) Lunar month, amabhalunda (UZL NC 7) balloons October (2) lunar eclipse lwenu amabhamuza / amabhanyaza / amapinayi (UZL NC 7) swellings, buldges (Subject Noun = UZL NC 3 : Object noun = second person: amabhanitshawu (UZL NC 7) bunny- chows plural) your amabhanisi (UZL NC 7) buns lwethu (Subject noun = UZL NC 3; object noun; ours ) amabhanoyi (UZL NC 7)/ izindiza (UZL NC our 9) aeroplanes, flights, aircrafts amabhande (UZL NC 7) belts amabhange / amabhenki (UZL NC 7)/ izikhungohwebomali (UZL NC 9) banks, financial institutions amabhasi (UZL NC 7) / izithuthi (UZL NC 9) buses …m… amabhathini / amabalela (UZL NC 7) buttons ama… amabhayisikili (UZL NC 7) bicycles ama… (UZL NC 7) = plural prefix for UZL amabhentshi (UZL NC 7) benches NC 7 nouns e.g. iqanda (UZL NC 2)/ egg = amabheshu (UZL NC 7) male leather amaqanda / eggs. All singular nouns skirts from UZL NC 2 relocate to UZL NC 7 when in plural and assume prefix ama… 123
amabhikawozi (UZL NC 7) bakeries amachwane / amaphuphu (UZL NC 7) amabhini (UZL NC 7) / imigqomodoti fledging, baby fowls, nestlings, young (UZL NC 10) bins, rubbish bins, thrash birds, baby birds cans amadada (UZL NC 7) ducks amabhokisi (UZL NC 7) boxes amadadla (UZL NC 7) gumboots amabhokisimingcwabo / amadamu (UZL NC 7) dams amakhofini / amakhasikhethe (UZL amadayimane (UZL NC 7) diamonds NC 7) coffins amadela (UZL NC 7)/ izilaha (UZL NC 9) amabhubesi (UZL NC 7) lions abattoirs amabhuku (UZL NC 7)/ izincwadi (UZL NC amadevana (UZL NC 7) budding 9)books moushache amabhukukhesi (UZL NC 7) book-cases amadevu (UZL NC 7) moustache amabhukwana (UZL NC 7)/ amadevukazi (UZL NC 7) long well izincwajana (UZL NC 9) booklets mannered moustache amabhuloho / amabriji (UZL NC 7) amadidi (UZL NC 7) rectums bridges amadikiza / amagxikiza (UZL NC 7) old amabhulukwe (UZL NC 7) pants, unmarried women trousers amadimoni (UZL NC 7) demons amaBhunu (UZL NC 7) Boers amadividi (UZL NC 7) compact discs, a amabhungezi (UZL NC 7) beatles music or action storage discs amabhungu (UZL NC 7) young men amadiye (UZL NC 7) locusts amaBhusimani / amaKhaladi / amadoda (UZL NC 7) men amaKhoyikhoyi / amaKhoyiSani amadodana (UZL NC 7) sons (UZL NC 7) Bushmen (derogatory) coloureds, amadodakazi (UZL NC 7) daughters Khoi-khoi, Khoi-San amadokodo (UZL NC 7) case files amabhutshi (UZL NC 7) boots, gumboots amadolo (UZL NC 7) knees amabhuthi (UZL NC 7) booths amadolobha (UZL NC 7) cities, towns amabrashi (UZL NC 7) brushes amadolobhana (UZL NC 7) small towns, amableki (UZL NC 7) brakes rural towns amabreki / amableki (UZL NC 7) brakes amadube (UZL NC 7) zebras amacala (UZL NC 7) sides (2) cases, amaduku (UZL NC 7) handketchiefs (2) court cases, allegations head scarfs amacebo / amaqhinga / imiqondo amadumbe (UZL NC 7) madumbes, (UZL NC 7) ideas, strategies, plans tubers, type of potatoe called idumbe amacephe (UZL NC 7) / izinkezo / part of Arum-lily family izipuni (UZL NC 9) spoons, teaspoons amadundu (UZL NC 7) cliffs, ridges, amacembe / amakhasi (UZL NC 7) escarpments, bluffs leaves amadlabha / amanuku / amavaka amacici (UZL NC 7) earings (UZL NC 7) filthy people, dirty people, amaciko (UZL NC 7) / imizwilili (UZL NC 10) untidy people songstresses, singers, vocalists, amadlamubuso / soloists, crooners, warblers, amakholoniyalisti / melodists amahlwithamubuso / amaconsi (UZL NC 7) drops, droppings amahlikizamubuso / amaculo (UZL NC 7) songs amavukelamubuso (UZL NC 7) amachaphazi (UZL NC 7) blood spatter colonisers, insurgents, rebels, amachopho (UZL NC 7) nail filers guerillas, revolutionaries 124
amadlebe (UZL NC 7)/ izindlebe (UZL NC 9) ears amadlelo (UZL NC 7)/ izigange (UZL NC 9) amaglavu / amagilavu (UZL NC 7) velds, wild gloves amadliwa / amabhimbi (UZL NC 7) amaglobhu (UZL NC 7) globes, bulbs inarticulate people, illogical people amagrebhisi (UZL NC 7) grapes (2) failures amagrosa (UZL NC 7) groceries amadlozi / amathongo / amagqubu (UZL NC 7) grudges amathonga (UZL NC 7) abangasekho amagquma (UZL NC 7) dunes, mounds, ancestors, guardian angels, departed hillocks souls amagqwabi (UZL NC 7) light cotton amadwala (UZL NC 7) rocks material, light, muslin amafa (UZL NC 7) inheritances amagqwetha (UZL NC 7)/ abameli (UZL NC amafemu / amafektri (UZL NC 7)/ 8.1) lawyers, solicitors, barristers-in-izimboni (UZL NC 9) factories, law manufacturing plants, industries, amagwababa (UZL NC 7) white neck manufacturing firms ravens amafeni (UZL NC 7) ferns amagwala (UZL NC 7) cowards amafindo (UZL NC 7) knots amagwebu (UZL NC 7) bubbles amafosi (UZL NC 7) shoe laces amagwegwe (UZL NC 7) croocked things amafosholo (UZL NC 7) spades amagwelo (UZL NC 7) / ukwebuza (UZL NC amafu (UZL NC 7) clouds 4) shredding of skin amafuhlufuhlu (UZL NC 7) mess amagwenya / amathansela (UZL NC 7) amafutha(UZL NC 7) fat tonsils amaflawa (UZL NC 7)/ izimbali (UZL NC 9) amagwinya (UZL NC 7) fat cookies flowers amagxolo (UZL NC 7) tree balks, species amagabade clods, soil lumbs of small wild plants amagama (UZL NC 7) names, nouns amahawu (UZL NC 7) shields amaganyana / amagama amahewu (UZL NC 7) maize-meal juice ayiziswani (UZL NC 7) slurs, abusive amahuzu / amaqili (UZL NC 7) sly remarks, insults, aspersions, people, swindlers, tricksters, disparagements amagamfu (UZL NC 7) impostors, liars, charlans segments amahhansi (UZL NC 7) turkeys amagebhugebhu (UZL NC 7) uneven amahhashi (UZL NC 7) horses surface amahholo (UZL NC 7) halls amagemu (UZL NC 7)/ imidlalo (UZL NC 10) amahhontshi (UZL NC 7)/ imigede (UZL NC games 10) hidden places amaginsa (UZL NC 7) car thieves amahlaba (UZL NC 7)/ izibhobo (UZL NC 9) amaginsi (UZL NC 7) stolen vehicles sharp pains, shooting pains, stabbing amagogogo (UZL NC 7) empty drums, pains (2) amahlabasisu stomach empty tin containers cramps amagugu (UZL NC 7) precious things amahlathi (UZL NC 7) forests, bushes amagula (UZL NC 7) calabashes amahlawulo (UZL NC 7)/ izinhlawulo amaguncu (UZL NC 7) rotten eggs (UZL NC 9) fines, penalties, damages, amagciwane (UZL NC 7) germs, viruses forfeits amaglasi (UZL NC 7)/ izingilazi (UZL NC 9) amahlaya (UZL NC 7) jokes, funny stories glasses amahlayihlayi (UZL NC 7)/ uhlwayi (UZL NC 7) particles 125
amahlazo (UZL NC 7) disgrace, dishonor, shame, ignomity, degradation, scandals, outrage amakamu (UZL NC 7)/ izicwalinwele / amahlebezi (UZL NC 7)/ inzwabethi (UZL izichwayo / izichwayonwele (UZL NC NC 6)gossip, hearsay 9)combs amahleza (UZL NC 7) mielie cobs amakani (UZL NC 7) cans amahlibhasi / amasandali (UZL NC 7)/ amakati (UZL NC 7)/ omangobe (UZL NC 8.1) izimbadada (UZL NC 9)sandals, open cats shoes amakepisi (UZL NC 7) caps amahliphihliphi (UZL NC 7) scratchy amakewu / amadada (UZL NC 7) ducks writing amakinati / amantongomane (UZL NC amahlombe (UZL NC 7) shoulders 7) peanuts, nuts amahloni (UZL NC 7)/ inhloni (UZL NC 6)/ amakiwi (UZL NC 7) kiwi fruits izinhloni (UZL NC 9) shyness, amakopi / amathini (UZL NC 7) tins, reservedness, introversion, empty tins, empty small tin timidness containers amahlongandlebe (UZL NC 7) deviants, amakota / amakwata (UZL NC 7) mavericks, misfits quarters amahlubuka (UZL NC 7) splinter groups amaKula (UZL NC 7) derogatory name (b) factionalists, deviators, deviants for Indians amahluli (UZL NC 7) blood clots amakha / iphefyumu (UZL NC 7) amahwanqa (UZL NC 7) moustaches perfume, beautiful smell, pleasant amajalidi (UZL NC 7) compounds, yards smell (2) places of white people where amakhala (UZL NC 7)/ izimpumulo (UZL black African domestic workers NC 9) noses, nostrils work amakhandlela (UZL NC 7)/ izibani (UZL NC amajaqamba (UZL NC 7) cramps, 9) candles muscular pain, stiffness, amakhathakhatha (UZL NC 7) medicine amajekhiphothi (UZL NC 7) jackpots concoctions amajele (UZL NC 7) prisons, jails amakhambi (UZL NC 7)/imithi (UZL NC 10)/ amajika (UZL NC 7) corners, curves , izelapho (UZL NC 9) medication bends amakhaya (UZL NC 7) homes, residences, amajikijolo (UZL NC 7) blackberries, homesteads (2) amakhaya (UZL NC 7)/ rasperies izabelo (UZL NC 9)/ amaphandle (UZL NC 7) amajoyinti / amathaveni / rural homes amashibhi tarvens, sheebeens amakhehla / amaxhegu (UZL NC 7) old amajoni / amasosha / amasotsha men (UZL NC 7) soldiers amakhekhe (UZL NC 7) cakes amajongosi / amatshitshi / amakhemisi (UZL NC 7) pharmacys, amantombazane / amaqhikiza (UZL chemists, medicine dispensaries NC 7) young women, girls amakhethenisi (UZL NC 7) curtains amajuba (UZL NC 7) doves amakhishi (UZL NC 7) kitchens amajusi (UZL NC 7) juices amakholwa (UZL NC 7) believers, amajwaphu (UZL NC 7) foreskins Christians amakaka (UZL NC 7) baby stool, baby amakhompyutha (UZL NC 7) computers faeces amakhona (UZL NC 7) corners (2) cornices amakhosana (UZL NC 7) sons 126
amakhosazane (UZL NC 7)/ omafungwase (UZL NC 8.1)first born daughters amalokwe (UZL NC 7) dresses, female amakhosi (UZL NC 7) chiefs, traditional clothes leaders (2) amakhosi (UZL NC 7)/ amalulwane (UZL NC 7)/ izinyanya (UZL NC 9) ancestors iziqhuthamadlebe (UZL NC 9) bats (2) amakhosikazi (UZL NC 7) wives; disobedient people married women amalunga (UZL NC 7) segments, parts, amakhubalo (UZL NC 7)/ imithi (UZL NC portions (2) members 10)/ izintelezi / izimilakwelapha / amalungelo (UZL NC 7) rights izelaphi (UZL NC 9) medicinal plants amamephu / amabalazwe (UZL NC 7) amakhukhu(UZL NC 7) pockets maps amakhramuzi (UZL NC 7)/ izimvuthu amaminithi (UZL NC 7) minutes (UZL NC 9) crumbs amamophu (UZL NC 7) mops amakhreshi (UZL NC 7)/ izinkulisa (UZL amanakanaka (UZL NC 7) scruffy things NC 9) crèches, nursery, childrens’ amanephunephu (UZL NC 7) tattered nurseries, pre-schools things or people amakhrisi (UZL NC 7) creases amanikiniki (UZL NC 7) shabby clothes amakhromu (UZL NC 7) soccer or ruby amanono / amaqhathansipho / boots amagcokama (UZL NC 7) very clean amakhwapha (UZL NC 7) armpits people, extremely clean people, amakhwaya (UZL NC 7) choirs organized people amakhwelo (UZL NC 7) amanuku / amaxebe (UZL NC 7) very announcemments dirty people, very filthy people amakhwenkwe (UZL NC 7)/ amancane (UZL NC 7) small ones, tiny abafanyana (UZL NC 8.1) small boys, ones, little ones uncircumcised boys amancinyane / amancuncuncu (UZL amaklabishi (UZL NC 7) cabbages NC 7) tiniest things amaklebhuklembu / amanikiniki amancoko / amahlaya (UZL NC 7) jokes (UZL NC 7) shabby clothing amancushuncushu (UZL NC 7) / amakloza (UZL NC 7) people who love incushuncushu (UZL NC 6) powdery meat, omnivores particles, crumbs amaklumuklumu (UZL NC 7) cruchy amaNdebele (UZL NC 7) Ndebeles, foods isiNdebele people amaklwibhiklwibhi (UZL NC 7) amaNdiya (UZL NC 7) Indians scratches, shabby writing amandla (UZL NC 7) power; energy; amakwitikwiti (UZL NC 7) hysteria, authority frency amanga / amaphonsiso (UZL NC 7) lies, amalahle (UZL NC 7) charcoals untruths amalambu (UZL NC 7) lambs amaNgisi (UZL NC 7) English people, amalambumigwaqo / Britons amarobhothi (UZL NC 7) robots, traffic amangongwane (UZL NC 7) arthritis lights amangcwaba / amathuna (UZL NC 7) amalangabi (UZL NC 7) flames graves, tombs amalengiso (UZL NC 7) distinction, amanhlonhlo (UZL NC 7) curvy hairline excellence on the sides amalivilivi (UZL NC 7) frills amankanka (UZL NC 7) nasal passages amalogo (UZL NC 7) logos and entire location 127
amankankane (UZL NC 7)/ amapali (UZL NC 7) poles onongqangqa (UZL NC 8.1) hadadah ibis amapani (UZL NC 7) pans birds amaPantshula (UZL NC 7) Mapantshula amankemunkemu / jive dancers (South African black amahemuhemu (UZL NC 7) rumours, townships youth dance) gossip, hearsay amapasi (UZL NC 7) passes, Identy amankengane (UZL NC 7)/ izihlupheki Documents (IDs) / izinkedama (UZL NC 9) destitutes, amapeni / amabholipheni (UZL NC 7) poverty stricken people (2) pens foreigners, asylum seekers amapenimusizi / amapensela (UZL NC amankentshane (UZL NC 7) hunting 7) pencils, pens dogs amapetshisi / amape (UZL NC 7) amankonyane (UZL NC 7) calves, baby peaches cows, baby cattles amapiki (UZL NC 7) picks, pickaxes amanqampunqampu (UZL NC 7) amapulamusi (UZL NC 7) plums overview, news in brief amapulanizindlu / amaplanimuzi amanqikanqika (UZL NC 7)/ (UZL NC 7) housing plans ukungabaza (UZL NC 4)/ ungabazo (UZL amapuleti / amapleti (UZL NC 7) plates NC 3) hesitation, shilly-shallying, amaphahlazo / amagoglosi (UZL NC 7) reluctance, doubtfulness, sun glasses irressoluteness amaphakethe (UZL NC 7) pockets amanqina knuckles (2) human or amaphaphu (UZL NC 7) lungs animal parts above fetlocks and the amaphekula / amaphekulazikhuni ankle areas (UZL NC 7) terrorists amanqo (UZL NC 7)/ iziqhamo (UZL NC 9)/ amapheksi / amaphekisi (UZL NC 7) imithelela (UZL NC 10) outcome of pegs unheeded advices, consequences, amaphela / amakokoroshe (UZL NC 7) repercussions, ramifications cockroaches amanqobo (UZL NC 7)/ inqobo (UZL NC 6) amaphepha (UZL NC 7) papers decisive action, resoluteness, amaphephandaba (UZL NC 7) decisiveness (2) decisive factors, newspapers underlying factors, critical factors in amaphilisi (UZL NC 7) tablets, pills making a decision amaphoyinti (UZL NC 7) points, sharp amanqomfi (UZL NC 7) dry mucus, “(2) ends, tips (2) amaphoyinti / yellow-breasted larks, macronyx amaphuzu (UZL NC 7)/ imibono (UZL NC 10) croceuses ideas, arguments, points of view, amansense (UZL NC 7) cracks on the feet perspectives amantombazane (UZL NC 7) girls amaphoyisa (UZL NC 7) police amanxebe (UZL NC 7) stab wounds, amaphunga (UZL NC 7) smells, ordour injuries amaphupho (UZL NC 7) dreams amanxele (UZL NC 7) left handed people amaphuphu / amachwane (UZL NC 7) amanxiwa (UZL NC 7) historic homes, fledglings, young brids, chicks, baby kraal sites, the gravesight in rural birds, netslings, baby fowls homes where the remains of one’s amaphutha (UZL NC 7) mistakes ancestors are laid amaphuzu (UZL NC 7)/ imiqondo / amanxusa (UZL NC 7) ambassadors imibono (UZL NC 10) points, points of amanzi (UZL NC 7) water view, perspectives, arguments amapaki (UZL NC 7) parks amaqanda (UZL NC 7) eggs 128
amaqaba / amanqaba (UZL NC 7) non- amatata (UZL NC 7) panic, busyness, conformists, anti-Western frenzy civilisation, illiterate people amaTayitela (UZL NC 7) / amaqabane (UZL NC 7) comrades izimvumeminikazimihlaba / amaqatha (UZL NC 7) chunks of meat izimvumesebenzisamuhlaba (UZL NC amaqele (UZL NC 7) wilderness 9) Title Deeds, amaqembu (UZL NC 7) groups; break- izimvumeminikazimihlaba / away groups izimvumesebenzisamuhlaba *** = amaqembuqembu / amaqoqo / oral agreements entered into amahlubuka (UZL NC 7) factions, between the trustees of land and the splinter groups, divisions new occupiers of land. This form of amaqensi (UZL NC 7) cashew nuts title is never between two people amaqiniso (UZL NC 7) truths, facts such as the chief or traditional leader amaqolo (UZL NC 7) waistelines and the person who is settling but amaqolo (UZL NC 7) government child between the traditional leader support grants representatives, community amaqulu (UZL NC 7)/ izihlwele (UZL NC 9) memmbers representatives and the crowds, mobs settler together with his or her amaqhawe (UZL NC 7) heroes witnesses. The modern form in rural amaqhawekazi (UZL NC 7) heroines areas is Permit to Occuppy land amaqhikisa (UZL NC 7) full grown girls (PTO), it is also along these lines. who have reached the puberty stage Land is owned communally. amaqhinga (UZL NC 7) strategies; plots; amateku / amahlibhasi (UZL NC 7) plans; tactics takkies amaqhimulili (UZL NC 7)/ izintulo (UZL NC amatiye (UZL NC 7) teas (2) nepotism, 9) geckoes favouritism amaqholo (UZL NC 7) sureness, amatomu (UZL NC 7) briddles confidence, self-assurance, assurance amathe (UZL NC 7) saliva (2) perfume amathwasa (UZL NC 7) trainees during amaqhubu (UZL NC 7)/izinduna (UZL NC 9) apprentiship pimples amatshalo (UZL NC 7) investments amaqhubu (UZL NC 7)/ utwayi (UZL NC 3) amatshali (UZL NC 7) blankets rash, acne, skin outbreak amatshati (UZL NC 7) / ukuthatha isisu amaqhuqhuva / amaqhakuva / (UZL NC 4) early pregnancy, sickness amaqhakuvanyana (UZL NC 7) skin during pregnancy outbreak amatsheketshe (UZL NC 7) specieis of amaqhuzu (UZL NC 7) cubes, blocks, ants chunks, stakes amatshitshi (UZL NC 7) young girls, amaqhwa (UZL NC 7) ice cubes (2) female teenagers, girls in their teens amaqhwa (UZL NC 7)/ isiqhotho (UZL NC amatshwele / amachwane / 5)/ amatshe (UZL NC 7) hail, hailstorm amaphuphu (UZL NC 7) young chicks, amasango (UZL NC 7) gates fledgings amasende (UZL NC 7) testicles amawa (UZL NC 7) cliffs amasi (UZL NC 7) sour-milk amawakawaka (UZL NC 7)/ amasimu (UZL NC 7) fields izinkulungwane (UZL NC 9) thousands amasimba (UZL NC 7) faeces, excrement, amawala /amahaba (UZL NC 7)/ ihaba bodily-waste (UZL NC 2) / ukuyibaxa (UZL NC 4) exaggeration, overstatement, 129
overemphasis, dramatization, emafemini (undaweni / locative) at / in / amplification, magnification from / to the firms amawayilense (UZL NC 7)/ imisakazo emafini / emafwini (undaweni / locative) at (UZL NC 10)/ amareydo (UZL NC 7) radios / in / to / from the clouds amawele (UZL NC 7) twins emandulo (undaweni / locative) in ancient amawohlowohlo / amagelekede times; long time ago; thousand of hilly place years ago; many years ago amawindo / amafasitela (UZL NC 7)/ emanzini (undaweni / locative) in / to / from izingenisamoya (UZL NC 9) windows / at the water amawisa (UZL NC 7) knokerries emaphandleni / emakhaya in rural amawuli (UZL NC 7) wools areas; in the outskirts; in the amaxhaphosi (UZL NC 7) wetlands periphery amaxhegu / amakhehla (UZL NC 7) old men ima… amaxhonxo (UZL NC 7) minced-meat ima/ pheza / khawula / misa / amaxhumela (UZL NC 7) high heel shoes nqamula / wo! / wongane! (isenzo / amayadi (UZL NC 7) yards, compounds verb) stop, bring to a halt, put an end, amayembe / amahembe (UZL NC 7) discontinue, cease, terminate shirts imabuli (UZL NC 6) marble amayoyo (UZL NC 7) yoyos imagi / inkomishi (UZL NC 6) mug, cup amazambane (UZL NC 7) potatoes imakethe (UZL NC 6) market amazenze (UZL NC 7) fleas imakethe-yezimali / amazimuzimu / amazizimbane (UZL imakethezimali (UZL NC 6)/ NC 7) vampires isikhungohwebomali (UZL NC 5) amazinyane (UZL NC 7) calfs e.g. baby money market goats (young animals exluding that imakethe-yezitshalo / of cattle, large bucks and horses) imakethezitshalo / amazinyo (UZL NC 7) teeth isikhungohwebozitshalo (UZL NC 6) amazolo (UZL NC 7) morning dew vegetable market amazulu (UZL NC 7) heavens imakethe-yezehlabathi (UZL NC 6) amaZulu (UZL NC 7) Zulus, isiZulu international market speaking people imaki (UZL NC 6) mark; score amazwane (UZL NC 7)/ izinzwane (UZL NC imali / inkece (UZL NC 6) money 9) toes imamba (UZL NC 6) mamba snake amazwe (UZL NC 7) countries imambane / inkunzana (UZL NC 6)/ amazwe-ngamazwe/ izwe-ngezwe umujitha / ubhululu (UZL NC 1.1) fellow, / ihlabathi / amagumbi-amane- colleague, associate, pal, crony, omuhlaba (UZL NC 7) all countries, friend each and every country, all over the imana (UZL NC 6) abundance world, the earth, the universe, the globe, the whole population under oma… the sky omabenu / omama benu (UZL NC 8.1) amazwi (UZL NC 7) voices (2) remarks, your mothers (plural) points omabethu / omawethu / omama amazwi-okubonga (UZL NC 7) words of bethu (UZL NC 8.1) our mothers gratitude; omababo / omama babo (UZL NC 8.1) emafekthri (undaweni / locative) at / in / their mothers from / to factories 130
omahlulela / abehluleli / umaka (UZL NC 1.1)/ ishazi / ishande abahluleli (UZL NC 8.1)/ amajaji (UZL NC 7) (UZL NC 2) mark, blemish, spot, fleck judges, arbiters, determiners umakoti bride (2) sister-in-law; omahluko omakazi / obabekazi / brother’s wife; relative’s wife omalumekazi / omamukhulu / umakhimboni / umunikazimboni omamuncane (UZL NC 8.1) aunts / umuhwebishishini / omakhimboni / omunikazimboni usomabhizinisi (UZL NC 1.1) an / omuhwebishishini / industrialist, an entrepreneur; a osomashishini / osomabhizini (UZL business dealer; a profit maker and NC 8.1) entrepreneurs, industrialists, risk taker manufacturers, the owners of the umalume (UZL NC 1.1) uncle means of production, the merchants, umalumekazi (UZL NC 1.1) uncle’s wife the merchant traders umalusi (UZL NC 1.1) shepherd omakhulu / ogogo / okhulu (UZL NC umama (UZL NC 1.1) mother 8.1)/ izalukazi (UZL NC 9) grandmothers, umama-omudala (UZL NC 1.1) senior-grannies, old ladies, old women mother (2) older woman omalume (UZL NC 8.1) uncles umama-omuncane (UZL NC 1.1) junior omalumekazi (UZL NC 8.1) uncle’s wives, mother aunts umamezala (UZL NC 1.1) mother-in-law omama (UZL NC 8.1) mothers umangamanga (UZL NC 1.1) pathetic liar omama-abadala / omamudala / umata (UZL NC 1.1) mat (2) umata / omamukhulu (UZL NC 8.1) senior umungane (UZL NC 1.1) friend mothers, mother’s elder sisters umazibonele / umazimele / omama-abancane / omamuncane umazenzele (UZL NC 1.1) autonomy / (UZL NC 8.1) junior mothers, mother’s independence / self-determination / younger sisters self-sufficiency / Do It Yourself (DIY) omamezala (UZL NC 8.1) mothers-in-law umazisi (UZL NC 1.1) identity document omata (UZL NC 8.1) mats omawakho / omama wakho (UZL NC ma… 8.1) your mothers (singular) Mabaziswe. / Abaziswe. They must omawethu (UZL NC 8.1) our mothers be informed. (2) They must be held omazisi (UZL NC 8.1) identity documents in high regard. Makwenzeke. It must be done. ; It uma… must happen. uma / nxa (isihlangiso / conjunction) if Male. Discontinue courtship.; umabo (UZL NC 1.1) brides gift giving Terminate the love affair. ceremony to in-laws soon after the Maluju! / Ayidle iziphakele / wedding Kwenele! / Shwele! I surrender., umagotshana (UZL NC 1.1) flower girl Pgivainrgd upo) n, forgive me (it is always a polite way of umahluko (UZL NC 1.1)/ okuchezile (UZL Mayenzeke. (ibizomusho / sentence word : UZL NC 6 NC 4) difference, divergence, or UZL NC 10) It must be done e.g. Intando dissimilarity, variance yakho mayenzeke / Thy will must be umahluleli (UZL NC 1.1)/ ijaji (UZL NC 2) done. judge, arbitrator Mazi. (ibizomusho / sentence word : UZL NC 1.1)umaka… the mother of e.g. Umaka Know him or her. Sam / Mother of Sam umakazi aunt; Mazise. (ibizomusho / sentence word : UZL NC 1.1) Let mother’s elder sister him / her know. 131
Ame… amehlo (UZL NC 7) eyes ameva (UZL NC 7) thorns Menze. Do him or her Menzele. Do it for him or her ime… Menzise. Let him do it for himself or imephu / ibalazwe (UZL NC 2) map herself., Help him or her to do it for himself or herself ome… memeza (isenzo / verb) shout omenzi / abahlukumezi (UZL NC 8.1) memezela (isenzo / verb) announce the perpetrators, perpetrators, the memezile shouted abusers ami (UZL NC 7) mine e.g. amaqanda ami omenziwa / abahlunyunyezwa (UZL (my eggs) NC 8.1) the victims, victims, the emibangweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / violated, the abused from / to the quarrels emibeseni (undaweni / locative) in / at / ume… from / to the knives umehluko (UZL NC 1.1) difference emibikweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / umehluleli (UZL NC 1.1)/ ijaji (UZL NC 2) from / to the reports judge emibonweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / umeleko / ukhondensi (UZL NC 1.1) from / to the views condensed milk emibukisweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / umemu (UZL NC 1.1) madam from / to the exhibitions or displays umembeso (UZL NC 1.1) a warm-up emibhalweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / traditional engagement ceremony from / to the writtings where the groom’s family give gifts emibhedeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to the bride’s family from / to the beds umenzi / umuhlukumezi (UZL NC 1.1) emicamelweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / the perpetrator, perpetrator, the from / to the pillows abuser emicabangweni (undaweni / locative) in / at umenziwa / umuhlunyunyezwa / from / to the thoughts (UZL NC 1.1) the victim, victim, the emicebeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / violated, the abused from / to the riches mela / khulumela (isenzo / verb) stand emicimbini (undaweni / locative) in / at / for, act for, speak for, speak on from / to the functions or behalf of, be a proxy of, represent ceremonies meleleka (isenzo / verb) be represented emicibilishweni (undaweni / locative) in / melelwa (isenzo / verb) be pushed behind at / from / to the arrows meliwe represented emicondweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / melwa (isenzo / verb) have a from / to the small legs representative to stand for you (2) imi…= (prefix for UZL NC 10: plural. All non-human nouns be put under pressure melwe represented by with prefix umu…, pluralise as imi… e.g. umugqa / line = imigqa mema (isenzo / verb) invite memela invite for / lines; umuthetho / law = imithetho / laws) *** Check memile invited all non-human nouns with prefix menyiwe been invited imi… when they are in singular they menywa be invited have prefix sound-unit ‘umu…’ menywe invited by imiba / imininingwane details, characteristics, elements, features imibala (UZL NC 10) colours imibanizo / imibanibani (UZL NC 10) lighteneing strikes 132
inhlobo (UZL NC 6)/ uhlobo (UZL NC 3) inhlolokhono / inhlololwazi (UZL NC type, kind, kind, sort, variety, class, 6) job interview (2) skills audit category, classification, group inhlonipho (UZL NC 6) respect, esteem, inhlobonhlobo / ingxubevange (UZL regard (2) high opinion;,acclaim; NC 6) various type, diverse, different approval, praise, reverence, types, numerous deference, honour, homage inhloko (UZL NC 6)/ ikhanda (UZL NC 2) inhlonhlo (UZL NC 6) a curved head hair head, skull, cranium (2) leader of an line plural amanhlonhlo (2) heavy institution (3) meat of the head area brow, inhlokosela (UZL NC 6)/ umancishana inhlukano (UZL NC 6) / isahlukanisi (UZL (UZL NC 1.1) a sty, a swelling in the eye as NC 6) / uqhekeko (UZL NC 3) separation, a result of bacterial infection disconnection, detachment, inhloli (UZL NC 6) a spy, intelligence severance official; secret agent; undercover inhlosi (UZL NC 6) / ibhabuli (UZL NC 2) / agent; counterspy; fifth columnist, ufishi (UZL NC 1.1) sea-barbel, fish mole, plant, scout, control, handler inhloso / injongo (UZL NC 6) aim, inhlolinhloli (UZL NC 6) / objective, object, goal, end, target, umushoshaphansi (UZL NC 1.2) counter grail, holy grail, design, desire, intelligence, counter-espionage desired result, intention, intent, plan, inhlolo (UZL NC 6)/ uphenyo / purpose, idea, point, object of the uphicotho (UZL NC 3) evaluation, exercise; ambition, aspiration, wish, interrogation, examination, dream, hope; resolve; interview inhlolobuchule (UZL NC 6) efficiency unhlo… audit uNhlolanja / uFebruwari (UZL NC 1.1) inhlolobuqu / inhlolomuzimba / February month inhlolosiqu (UZL NC 6) physical nhlo ever since e.g Seleke kwathi inspection, physical audit, physical nhlo! Asizange sezwana. / Ever assessment since! we have never been in inhlologalelo / inhlolobuchule / agreement inhloloqophelo (UZL NC 6) impact nhlobo / nhlobo nje/ assessment, efficiency audit, quality nhlobonhlobo / kazazamnge/ audit khange / zange/ phinde / lutho / inhlololwazi / inhlolosipiliyoni / lutho luthela / akacingi / akafisi inhlolokhono (UZL NC 6) knowledge lutho (isandiso / adverb) not at all, never, at assessment, skills audit, interview, no time, not at any time, not ever, not skills and knowledge verification once, on no occasion; inhlolomusebenzi (UZL NC 6) …nhlobonhlobo - various, several, performance assessment, work sundry, assorted, varied, varying, performance assessment, miscellaneous, diverse, diversified, performance appraisal manifold, multifarious; inhloloqophelo (UZL NC 6) quality audit …nhlobozonke – all kind, all inhlolovo (UZL NC 6)/ ucwaningo (UZL NC different types 3) a survey, study, consideration, review, overview; scrutiny, inhlu… scrutinization, examination, inhlunu / igquthu (UZL NC 6) / igolo inspection, exploration, appraisal, (UZL NC 2) vagina, synopsis, outline, overall picture 170
inhlupheko (UZL NC 6) / ubunzima (UZL Nja… NC 8.2) / umuthwalo (UZL NC 1.2) poverty, njalo / zikhathizonke / mihla penury, destitution, indigence, yonke / zonke izinsuku all the pennilessness, privation, time, every time, forever, everyday deprivation, impoverishment (2) njalo njalo / kuze kube phakade / suffering, hardship, pain; distress, ingunaphakade forever and ever, misery, wretchedness (3) inferiority, eternally mediocrity, poorness; njalo nje Each time, at all material discrimination; barrenness, aridity, times, sterility, racism, sexism, prejudice Njani? Kanjani? (isandiso / adverb) how? how come? …nhlw… Njadini! (insult) like a dog itself, dammit inhlwa (UZL NC 6) / umuhlwa (UZL NC 1.2) termite Anje… inhlwabusi / inkulungwane (UZL NC 6) Anje. / Anjena (UZL NC 7) They are like flying termite this. , They are as you see them., inhlwathi (UZL NC 6) python (snake) They are exactly like this Anjenjenje / ncamashi / usheleni – They are exactly like this. …nj… enje… enje / enjena (UZL NC 6) like this Anjalo. (UZL NC 7) They are like that. Anjani? (UZL NC 7) How are they? inje… Inje. / injena . (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) as enja… this., It is like this enja (UZL NC 7 of …) of the dog injenga / injeza / indoda (UZL NC 6) a enjabhisweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / man, a masculine gender, a male in / from the place of sorrow and Injeya. (UZL NC 6) It is like that sadness Injeyaya. (UZL NC 6) It is like that thing enjalo (UZL NC 6) like that far away or remote enjani? (UZL NC 6) what kind Onje… inja… onje (UZL NC 1.1) like this. , the one that inja (UZL NC 6)/ umugodoyi (UZL NC 1.2) dog looks like this injabulo / intokozo (UZL NC 6)/ ukwethaba (UZL NC 4) happiness, joy, unje… contentment, pleasure, Unje. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) She/He / It is contentedness, satisfaction, like this. cheerfulness, Unjenjenje. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) She/He injabhiso (UZL NC 6) (ukukhala / It is exckly like this. nokugedla kwamaziyo) sorrow, Unjeya. (UZL NC 1.1) She / He / It is like misery, sadness, sadness, that. unhappiness, dejection, regret, depression, misery, disappointment, Nje… Injalo / nse! / ifana ncimishi (UZL NC nje / kanomubani / yansukuzonke 6) exactly, precisely, entirely, / yawonkewonke / ejwayelekile absolutely, accurately, completely, totally, just, quite, in every way, in every respect, 171
(isiphawulo / adjective) just, ordinary, usual injitimane /incwasimende / isib. Angifuni ukuphila impilo nje, ingcwabasi / inkisimane / ngifuna ukuphila njengesicebi. (I inkinsela (UZL NC 6) a rich and refined don’t want to like just a life. I want to gentleman, a man that turns live like a wealthy person) women’s heads, a handsome and rich Nje! , ehhe!/ ehhene! (isandiso / adversb) man, a handsome monied and man Yes! , That’s right. , I follow you with style nje… like, as isib. Njengenkomo like njo (isenzukuthi / ideophone) stare without the cow, as a cow blinking njenga / fana like, similar to injobo / ingubo (UZL NC 6)/ ilokwe (UZL njengabantu like people, as NC 6) a dress, a gown, a wedding dress, humanity, an evening dress, njengabo (UZL NC 8.1) like them, as them, injoloba (UZL NC 6)/ isihlilingi (UZL NC 5) similar to them an elastic, a rubber, njengalo (UZL NC 2 or UZL Nc 3) like it, as it, injongo / inhloso(UZL NC 6) objective, similar to it strategic objective, aim, intention, njengamanje right now, like now, purpose, target, goal, intent as of now injongo (UZL NC 6)/isikali (UZL NC 5) a njengami like me, as me, similar to small container for alcohol me njengani (second person: plural) like you, as unjo… you, similar to you (plural) unjongwe (UZL NC 1.1)/ inyongo (UZL NC 6) njengathi like us, as us, similar to us bile, acidity, indigestion njengawe (second person: singular ) like you, as you, similar to you (singular) njo… njengawo (UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7) like it / njolozela / gqolozela (isenzo / verb) them, as it / the, similar to it / them stare, glaze njengaye (UZL NC 1.1) like him or her, as him or her, similar to him or her inju… njengayizolo like yesterday, as injula (UZL NC 6) depth yesterday, similar to yesterday injulangqondo / injulamucabango njengayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) like it / / inhlakanipho (UZL NC 6)/ them, as it / them, similar to it / iqondanqubo (UZL NC 2) deep thoughts, them philosophy, wisdom njengazo (UZL NC 9) like them, as them, similar to them nju.. njengenja like a dog njunjuza / ncinza / gwaza stab njengoba / njengokuba as , just as, painfully, of stabbing painfully like as , whereas, since, in as much njengokuthi it is like, just as, whereas, in as much …njw… njenje / ncimishi (isandiso / adverb) exactly, spot on, precisely, accurately injwayelo / inhlalayenza (UZL NC 6) constant , frequent, regular, inji… repeated, recurrent, consistent, injini (UZL NC 6) engine constant, unchanging, unvarying, injisuthi / intsha (UZL NC 6) a gang of orderly, systematic, fixed, young people, youth, young people symmetrical 172
injwayezi / inhlalayenza (UZL NC 6) / inkahlankahla (UZL NC 6)/ isiqhelo (UZL NC 5) habit, addiction, isizemazema (UZL NC 5) anything that is mannerism, addiction, dependence, massive; huge; enormous; gigantic; dependency, craving, fixation, big; overwhelming compulsion, obsession, weakness; inkakha (UZL NC 6)/ umakhonya / umpetha (UZL NC 1.1) the leader of a gang, the ultimate authority, the …nk… kingpin, the know-how of an organization, the chief strategist Inka… behind whatever plot inkahlankahla (UZL NC 6)/ inkala / inhlaba (UZL NC 6) aloe isizemazema (UZL NC 5) anything that is inkalane (UZL NC 6) a type of aloe used massive, huge, enormous, gigantic, as medicine for chickens big, overwhelming inkalankala (UZL NC 6)/ usomugedle shoshozela / njunjuzela (isiphawulo / (UZL NC 1.1) crab adjective) stabbing painfully inkalakatha (UZL NC 6) a courageous enka… person; a brave person; a person of enkabeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / from integrity; a person of moral stature / in the depth of or bell button (2) top dog, urbanite, a streetwise enkampanini (undaweni / locative) to / at / person, in / from the company inkameyane / indasa (UZL NC 6) a eNkandla (undaweni / locative) in iNkandla manulished child, a child or baby enkangala (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / that cries helplessly all the time from the wilderness because of hunger pain and suffering enkanjini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / inkamba (UZL NC 6)/ ukhamba (UZL NC 3) a from the camp clay pot, clay pot enkanyezini (undaweni / locative) to / at / inkambabeyibuza (UZL NC 6)/ (ingozi from / in the star enkulu) a big accident, a massive enkazimulweni (undaweni / locative) to / at wound, a scar that attracts attention / in / from the illumination, inkambi / inkambu / ikhempu (UZL brighteness or place of brighteness NC 6) camp (2) faction or enlightenement inkambiso / ingqubo (UZL NC 6)/ umugomo (UZL NC 1.2) methodology, inka… rule, ruling, order, directive, act, law, inkaba (UZL NC 6)/ isibhono (UZL NC 5) by-law, statute, edict, canon, belly button (2) inkaba / injula (UZL ordinance, pronouncement, NC 6) depth mandate, dictate, dictum, decree, fiat, inkabane (UZL NC 6) a relative from proclamation, command, injunction, mother’s side procedure, requirement, inkabi (UZL NC 6)/ umusocongi (UZL NC 1.1) prescription, precept, guideline; an assassin, murderer, killer, inkampani (UZL NC 6) company executioner, gunman, butcher, inkanankana (UZL NC 6) anything that is slaughterer, liquidator, exterminator, mysterious; puzzling; which is an terminator (2) inkabi / inkunzi (UZL enigma, conundrum, riddle, secret, NC 6) an ox, bull, bullock, steer, beef; unsolved problem, problematic, beast of burden, draught animal. questionable inkafunkafu / inkavunkavu (UZL NC inkani (UZL NC 6)/ ukobho (UZL NC 3)/ 6)/ amahlayihlayi (UZL NC 7) coarse, ukhandashisa (UZL NC 6) stubbornness, cereal, husky or throaty kind of food, 173
headstrongness, wilful, unyielding, inkangulo (UZL NC 6)/ umuhwangu (UZL inflexible, obstinate, unbending, NC 1.2) a spot of fire, a fire scar, a intransigent, intractable, obdurate, defaced tissue because of fire burn mulish, inkankane (UZL NC 6)/ unongqangqa inkanuko / intshisekelo (UZL NC 6)/ (UZL NC 1.1) bird, ibis umudlandla (UZL NC 1.2)/ isifiso (UZL NC 5) inkantini (UZL NC 6) canteen, a longing, yearning, craving, desire, restaurant, cafeteria, refectory, want, wish, hankering, urge, need, aplace to lunch or dine hunger, (2) eagerness, keenness, inkantolo (UZL NC 6)/ indlumuthetho / ardour, fervour, warmth, passion, inkundlamuthetho (UZL NC 6) court, zeal, zealousness, zest, court of law, law court, bench, bar, vivaciousness, energy; vigour, court of justice, judicature, tribunal, dynamism, vehemence (3) interest, forum, chancery, assizes; courtroom passion, obsession, fad, craze; inkanyamba (UZL NC 6)/ uMamulambo inclination, preference, (UZL NC 1.1)/ isishingishane (UZL NC 5) a inkandla forest district (2) tornado storm, a twisterwhirlwind, iNkandla President Zuma’s windstorm, cyclone, typhoon, traditional place of residence inkanyezi (UZL NC 6) star inkangala (UZL NC 6) a semi-desert inkanyiso (UZL NC 6)/ ububenyebenye place, an expansive open place, a (UZL NC 8.2) illumination, brightness, wasteland, waste, wilderness, wilds, luminescence, light, shine; gleam; dust bowl, barren land (2) iNkangala glow District Municipality = the name of inkatha (UZL NC 6) a wrapped cushion one of the district municipalities in used to carry something on one’s South Africa head (2) iNkatha yenkululeko inkangelo (UZL NC 6)/ ihlo / iso (UZL NC 2) yesizwe = iNkatha Freedom Party eye (2) inkangelo (UZL NC 6) (IFP) (3) KwaNkatha = a place of (okufunwayo) anything being execution (4) Nkatha = name of the searched (3) inkangelo (UZL NC 6)/ person umubono / ikusasa (UZL NC 2)/ inkathazo (UZL NC 6)/ isihlubulimoya umucabango (UZL NC 1.2) a vision, a (UZL NC 5) trouble, problems, difficulty, sight, eyesight, a dream of brighter issues, bother, inconvenience, worry, future, faculty of sight, power of anxiety, distress, concern, disquiet, sight, ability to see the future, visual unease, irritation, vexation, perception, observation, view, annoyance, stress, agitation, glimpse into the future harassment, unpleasantness; inkangiso (UZL NC 6)/ umubukiso (UZL NC inkathi (UZL NC 6) time, period, epoch, 1.2) display, exhibition, exposition, era, moment, point, point in time, exhibit, array, show, arrangement, occasion, hour, minute, second, presentation, demonstration; instant, juncture, stage, phase, age, spectacle, parade, pageant, inkazimulo (UZL NC 6)/ ukuqonda (UZL NC extravaganza; 4) illumination; revelation, inkangiso (UZL NC 6) / umuhlobiso (UZL enlightenment, insight, revelation, NC 1.2) an exhibition, a display, a show, discovery, understanding, awareness showing,; exposition, expo, fair, (2) explanation, instruction; trade fair, world fair; learning, education, information, knowledge, edification inkawu (UZL NC 6) monkey 174
nkashela / cupha (isenzo/ verb) get a lift, ring out, fill the air, boom, peal, get offered a ride, squart, be thunder, rumble, reverberate, echo, temporarily accommodated, benefit re-echo, resonate, ring; vibrate, momentary, be on transit, pulsate nkenketha / futha-kabuhlungu unka… (isenzo/ verb) hurt severely, ache, have unkabi / ubhululu / umungane / excruciating pain umuhlobo (UZL NC 1.1) a associate, a friend, a colleague inki… unkamisa (UZL NC 1.1) a vowel, a vowel inkiba / ingidi (UZL NC 6)/ ukhiye (UZL NC alphabet (a, e, i, o, u) 1.1)/ isitshixo (UZL NC 5) a padlock, a key, an access card, a lock, (2) isibambo inke… = a door handle inkece (UZL NC 6)/ uhlweza (UZL NC inkinankina / inxushunxushu / 3)/ushintshi (UZL NC 1.1)/ (imali igxushugxushu (UZL NC 6) ewuhlweza) coins, loose coins entanglement, intertwined-thing, inkedama / intandane (UZL NC 6) a entwine, tangle, intertwist, twist, orphan, a person who has no ravel, snarl, knot, coil, mat, jumble, relatives muddle. inkehli / intombazane (UZL NC 6)/ inkinobho (UZL NC 6)/ ibhathini (UZL NC 2) itshitshi (UZL NC 2) a girl, an unmarried button, girl, a young woman, a young girl, a inkihlinkihli / impihlimpihli (UZL NC teenager 6) something massive and smudgy, a inkemane (UZL NC 6)/ ukulamba (UZL NC heap of mud, a heap of muddy 4)/ indlala (UZL NC 6) hunger, starvation, something craving for food, inkinga / ingqinamba / inkathazo inkemenkeme / ingozi (UZL NC 6)/ (UZL NC 6)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2)/ isifaca (UZL NC 5) a scar, once upon a isiphulanhliziyo / isonamoya (UZL NC time a big wound, a mark, an 5) problem, setback, worry, difficulty, imprint, evidence issue, trouble, complication, difficult inkemba (UZL NC 6)/ isizenza / isikhali situation, mess, muddle, mix-up; / isilimazo (UZL NC 5) a weapon, snag, hitch, drawback, stumbling ammunition block, obstacle, hurdle, hiccup, inkentshane (UZL NC 6) someone who setback, challenge loves meat (2) hunting dog inkinsela (UZL NC 6)/ isicebi / isigwili inkeshezane (UZL NC 6) a tiny bit, a very / isiqumama (UZL NC 5) / ingquphunga small portion (UZL NC 6) a very wealthy person, a wealthy and educated person , a onke… wealthy and civilized person, an onke (UZL NC 7) all elite, nonpareil, elect; aristocracy, nobility, gentry, upper class, unke… privileged class, top class, unkentezi (UZL NC 1.1) echo, reverberation, a resound inko… inkohlakalo / inkohliso (UZL NC 6)/ nke… uhwibilizo (UZL NC 3)/ ukuziphatha nkeneza/ nkenteza (isenzo/ verb) ubunuku (UZL NC 4)/ uphulomithetho resound, echo, re-echo, reverberate, 175
(UZL NC 3) corruption, fraud, bribery, evil display, manifestation, revelation, deed, immoral act, disclosure, register, record, inkohliso (UZL NC 6)/ amanga (UZL NC 7)/ declaration, communication, ukusenga ezimithiyo (UZL NC 4) deceit, intimation. lies, deception, underhandedness, inkombankombana (UZL NC 6) shifting deviousness, slyness, cunning, of blame craftiness, craft, inkomponi (UZL NC 6) compound, staff inkokheli (UZL NC 6)/ umuholi (UZL NC quarters, 1.2)/ ingqothovu (UZL NC 6) leader, inkondlo (UZL NC 6)/ izibongo (UZL NC 9)/ intellectual, tutor umubhedesho (UZL NC 1.2) a poem, inkokhelo (UZL NC 6)/ umuholo (UZL NC 1.2) verse, song, rhyme, piece of poetry, pay, fine, remuneration, payment, verse composition, metrical pay, salary, wages; earnings, fee(s), composition stipend, emolument(s), honorarium, inkonjane / inyoni yezulu (UZL NC 6) a remittance, consideration, reward, swallow (bird) recompense, reimbursement, inkonkoni / indodamfazi (UZL NC 6)/ repayment ugqingili (UZL NC 1.1)/ isitabani (UZL NC 5) inkokhelo / imfundiso (UZL NC 6)/ a bisexual, hermaphrodite, umuqathango (UZL NC 1.2)/ hermaphroditic; androgynous, ingqubomugomo / impathompilo epicene (UZL NC 6) principles, morals and values, inkonyane (UZL NC 6) a calf, calf norms and standards, teaching, inkonzo (UZL NC 6)/ isonto / icawe (UZL lesson, socialization, moral NC 2)/ indawo-yokukhonza (UZL NC 6) principles, ethics, moral code, church service, church service, morals, moral values, standards, inkosana (UZL NC 6) first born son in the moral standards family, prince (umuntwana) inkolo / inkolelo / inkokhelo (UZL NC inkosazane (UZL NC 6)/ uMakhosazane 6) religion, belief, belief system, faith (UZL NC 1.1) first born girl in the family, inkomazi (UZL NC 6) female cow for princess milk inkosi (UZL NC 6) a chief, a traditional inkomishi (UZL NC 6) cup, a mug, (2) leader, a leader of a specific area and tournament cup, a trophy, chalice; specific tribe or people/clan, (2) award, prize Lord, God, the Father, Jehovah, the inkomo (UZL NC 6) a cow (2) ilobolo (3) Almighty, the Supreme Being, the an area that covers the vagina Deity; Jesus, Jesus Christ, Christ, inkomozi / igquthu (UZL NC 6)/ Christ the Lord, the Messiah, the imomozi (UZL NC 6) sexual part in whole Saviour, the Son of God, the of a female Redeemer, the Lamb of God, the inkomba (UZL NC 6) / isiqondiso (UZL NC 5) Prince of Peace, the King of Kings. an arrow, a direction, an indication, inkosikazi (UZL NC 6)/ umakoti (UZL NC 1.1) sign, indicator, symptom, mark, a wife, spouse, partner, mate, manifestation, signal, demonstration, consort, woman, bride; one's better evidence, attestation, proof; omen, half, the missus, augury, portent, warning, inkotha (UZL NC 6) name of a bird forewarning, pointer, guide, hint, inkowankowane (UZL NC 6) the clue. mushroom like plant that is (2) a directive, expression, dangerous demonstration, show, exhibition, 176
unko… evocation, reminder, souvenir, echo, unkonka (UZL NC 1.1) buffalo impression. inkundla / indawo (UZL NC 6) a place, a nko… location, a site, a scene, venue, a nkonkoshela / bambelela (isenzo / verb) region, area, (2) an address, a place hold tight of residence, a domicile, a habitation, (3) a court, a playground, a sports enku… field, a field, enkulu (isiphawulo / adjective, UZL NC 6) the big inkungu (UZL NC 6) mist one inkunkuma (UZL NC 6) rotten stuff, rot, decay, decomposition; corrosion; inku… mould, mouldiness, mildew, blight, inkucunkucu (UZL NC 6) grime, dirt, canker, putrefaction, putrescence, rubbish, a heap of waste, dust, soot, wet rot, dry rot. smut; muck, mud, filth, mire, sludge, inkununu (UZL NC 6) vaginal thrush, slime, ooze, dross, scum, pollution, inkunzana (UZL NC 6) a small beast waste; smudges, stains inkunzi (UZL NC 6) ox, bull, bullock, inkuhlu /inkununu / steer, beef; beast of burden, draught inkuhlunkuhlu (UZL NC 6) thrush like, animal. infection of the mouth and throat by inkunzimalanga (UZL NC 6)/ a yeast-like fungus, causing whitish unkunzimalanga (UZL NC 1.1) an patches also called candidiasis. admirable person, a magnificent, inkukhu (UZL NC 6) chicken majestic, or imposing person inkulisa / inesaru / ikhreshi (UZL NC inkuthazo (UZL NC 6) / ukukhuthaza 6) creche, a pre-school, nursery, child (UZL NC 4) encouragement, support, care facility motivation, incitement, stimulation, inkuliswano (UZL NC 6) engagement for animation, invigoration learning purposes, persuasion, engagement, unku… intellectual discussion, uNkulunkulu / uMvelingqangi / inkulu (UZL NC 6) It is big. , It is huge., It uSimakade / uSomandla// is massive, uMuninimandlonke/ uJehova inkululeko (UZL NC 6) freedom, /uSebawoti / uHathatha (UZL NC 1.1) liberation, independence, God, Almighty, the Father, Jehovah, inkulungwane (UZL NC 6) one thousand the Almighty, the Supreme Being, the inkume (UZL NC 6) centipede Deity; the Supreme Mother , all-inkulumo (UZL NC 6)/ amazwi (UZL NC 7) powerful, omnipotent, supreme, speech, talk, address, lecture, most high, pre-eminent; invincible discourse, oration, disquisition, nkulu (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 6 & 9) big, peroration, declamation, deliverance, massive, great, huge inkomo enkulu presentation; sermon / a big cow (UZL NC 6), izingane inkulumompikiswano / ezinkulu / huge children = UZL NC 9 ingxoxompikiswano (UZL NC 6) debate, discussion, exchange of views, discourse, parley, argument ...nkw… inkumbulo (UZL NC 6)/ izilokotho (UZL NC 9) memory, recollection, enkwa… remembrance, reminiscence, enkwalini (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / from the quarry 177
inqawe (UZL NC 6)/ igudu / ipipi (UZL NC 2) inkwa… a smoking pipe inkwali (UZL NC 6)/ izimayini zamatshe (UZL NC 9) quarry; stone unqa… mining , pit, colliery, excavation, unqamulezo (UZL NC 3)/ inkwali / insila (UZL NC 6) dead skin in umunqamulezo (UZL NC 1.2)/ the feet area, body grime isiphambano (UZL NC 5) a cross, crucifix, rood unkwa… unqangi (UZL NC 3) first born twin unkwanyinkwayizo (UZL NC 3) baby cry nqa… nkwa… nqaba /landula / phika (isenzo/ verb) nkwankwaza (isenzo/ verb) stammer refuse, decline, turn down,; reject, nkwayinkwayiza (isenzo/ verb) cry, cry spurn, scorn, rebuff, disdain, like a baby repudiate, dismiss, repulse; withhold, not grant, disapprove, inkwe… deny, discountenance inkwe (UZL NC 6) bush-baby nqabela / alela (isenzo/ verb) deny inkwethu (UZL NC 6) dandruff, dead skin someone, disapprove something, in a person’s head, thrush debunk someone, reject someone to inkwenkwezi (UZL NC 6) a morning star or something, dismiss someone nqabelwa / alelwa (isenzo/ verb) be inkwi.. refused, be dismissed, be turned inkwindla (UZL NC 6) autumn, pre down winter season nqabile / aleliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) denied, dismissed, refused (2) ...nq… nqabile / …ngatholakali scarce, infrequent Inqa… nqaka / bamba (isenzo/ verb) catch, inqaba (UZL NC 6) a fortress, fort, castle, seize, grab, snatch, citadel, blockhouse, burg, keep, nqamuka / canda / phuka / tower, donjon, turret, bunker; hlephuka (isenzo/ verb) break, chop, cut stronghold, redoubt, fortification, in half, break in half, break it into bastion; fastness; hold, fortalice (2) many pieces, disintegrate, split, crack inqaba (UZL NC 6)/ iqaba (UZL NC 6) non- into pieces, hew, lop, cleave, snap conformist nqamula / dlula (isenzo/ verb) cross inqadi (UZL NC 6)/ iqadi (UZL NC 2)/ over, travel across, go across, pass umasibili (UZL NC 1.1) the second wife in through, cut across, make one's way terms of hierarchy in polygamous across, traverse relationships nqamulela (isenzo/ verb) take a short cut, inqaku / igoli (UZL NC 6) score, results, take the short route, arrive sooner, outcome, goal, rating, grading, mark, (2) shorten; summarise, be brief percentage nqanda / vimba (isenzo/ verb) prevent, inqama / imvu (UZL NC 6)/ block, stop, avert, block isiklabhu(UZL NC 5) sheep, ram, ewe, nqandela / vimbela (isenzo/ verb) lamb, wether, bellwether; prevent for, block someone inqanawe (UZL NC 6) something excellent, unsurpassable, beyond this world, unbelievable 178
nqandisa / vimbisa (isenzo/ verb) help nqika / thembela = depend, rely, someone to stop something or count on, (5) nqika / fanana = someone resemble, look like nqandiwe / vimbiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) nqikanqika / ngabaza (isenzo/ verb) be prevented, barred irresolute, be undecided, indecisive, nqandwa (isenzo/ verb) be prevented, be hesitant, tentative, unsure, blocked uncertain, equivocating, dithering, nqantula / ikha (isenzo/ verb) pull off wavering, teetering, fluctuating, crops, harvest, break from stem, plug faltering, ambivalent, divided, two off, minds, torn apart, be in a dilemma, in a quandary, doubtful, in doubt, inqe… uncommitted, unresolved, inqe / intshe (UZL NC 6) a vulture undetermined inqekle (UZL NC 6)/ ilangabi (UZL NC 2)/ nqikaza (isenzo/ verb) hesitate, be umulilo (UZL NC 1.2)/ ikhoza (UZL NC 2) reluctant, have misgivings (2) conflagration, fire, blaze, flames, nqikaza / xega womble, be inferno, firestorm, holocaust. unstable, be without balance (3) Nqe… nqikaza nod = nqikizisa ikhanda nqena / vilapha / khathala (isenzo/ nod verb) be lazy, idle, vegetate nqikisa / ncikisa lean, prop up, nqenisa / khathaza / vilaphisa support causing one to be lazy, causing one to nqinda / nciphisa / nquma (isenzo/ loose enthusiasm on something verb) discharge, dismiss, remove, eject, expel (2) deter, dissuade, disincline, inqi… turn aside; put off inqina (UZL NC 2) the team of hunters (2) cow heel, trotter (3) chicken leg inqo… (4) the part above the fetlocks of an inqobo (UZL NC 6) decisive action, animal or human precondition, predetermination (2) inqindi (UZL NC 6)/ isibhakela (UZL NC 5) a inqobo / impela (UZL NC 6)/ inqoboka fist, clenched hand (2) inqindi (UZL NC (UZL NC 2)/ umuthunjwa (UZL NC 1.2) 6)/ umuphumela (UZL NC 1.2)/ isiqhamo captive, prisoner of war (UZL NC 5) final result, upshot ikuphela / iqiniso (UZL NC 6) actuality, inqinkla / ungiklane piece of truth, fact, reality cartilage on the breast-bone inqola (UZL NC 6) a wagon, vehicle inqiwa (UZL NC 2)/ igqubu (UZL NC 2) inqolobane (UZL NC 6) grain-hut (2) grudge, pique, bitterness inqolobane (UZL NC 6)/ inqiwu (UZL NC 2)/ usongo / uzungu umuthombolwazi (UZL NC 1.2) (UZL NC 3) plot, conspiracy, secret plan, encyclopedia inqonqoyi / indonsa stratagem (UZL NC 6) planet Jupiter nqi… nqo… nqika / ncika (isenzo/ verb) lean against, nqoba / hlula / wina / phumelela rest, be propped up, recline, be (isenzo/ verb) conquer, defeat, beat, win, supported (2) tsheka = slant, succeed, vanquish, trounce, incline, bend, tilt, be at an angle, annihilate, (2) seize, take possession slope, tip, bank, list, heel, careen, of, take control of, take over, cant, bias, veer, sway, angle (3) colonise, appropriate, subjugate, 179
capture, occupy, invade, annex, nqumile (isiphawulo / adjective) cut, overrun, win (3) climb, ascend, slaughtered (2) decided (3) solidified mount, scale, top, crest ,(4) nqunu / buze (isiphawulo / adjective) naked overcome, (2) poverty stricken nqobela (isenzo/ verb) conquer for nqobisa (isenzo/ verb) help one to conquer, assist one to win, assist one …nqw… to succeed nqobile (isiphawulo / adjective) conquered inqwa… inqwaba / ingqumbu (UZL NC 6) a heap, inqu… a pile, an accumulation, inqubekela / inqubekazinguquko inqwabangqwaba (UZL NC 6)/ / inqubekashintsho (UZL NC 6) izinkumbula (UZL NC 9)/ evolution, development, progression isiminyaminya (UZL NC 5) countless, inqubekelaphambili / intuthuko innumerable, scores of…, crowds of (UZL NC 6) / ukukhula, ukuchuma, …, ukuthuthuka (UZL NC 4), impucuzeko unqwa… (UZL NC 6), uchumo, ukhuphukozinga unqwanqela (UZL NC 3)/ (umuthi (UZL NC 3), progress, improvement, wokugabha, umuthi wokuphalaza, evolvement, growth, advancement, umuthi wokuhlanza) medicinal civilisation plant root used as an emetic, inqubo / indlelakwenza /indlela / medicinal plant root used to induce ifomula / imetodi (UZL NC 6) vomiting in order to cleanse one self procedure, way, technique, method, internally formula, foute inqubomugomo (UZL NC 6) nqwa… umuhlahlandlela (UZL NC 1.2) / nqwabelana (isenzo /verb) heap up, isiqondiso (UZL NC 5) policy, dogma, accumulate guideline, plan of action (POA), nqwaha / thiba / soma (isenzo /verb) strategy implementation plan stand at bay, refrain, abstain, desist, inqubomugudu (UZL NC 6) ukwenza- hold back, stop oneself, withhold; kulandelana (UZL NC 4) process, forbear, forgo, manner, progression nqwamana / bhekana ubususo inqudulu (UZL NC 6) a beast or cow nobuso/ umulomo nomulomo (isenzo without horns (2) a human being /verb) face it; confront it without hair nqwaza / shuqula / thwala inqulu (UZL NC 6) hip-bone, hip ekhanda (isenzo /verb) cover one’s head nquma / hlinza / sika / bulala inqwelo / inqola (UZL NC 6) a wagon, a (isenzo/ verb) cut, slaughter, kill, butcher trailer on wheels, (2) decide, resolve, determine, reach nqwe… a conclusion (3) nquma / vundla nqwena / khononda / bhoboka / (isenzo/ verb) lie across, be placed across bhikisha (isenzo /verb) growl, grumble, (3) sentence; reach a verdict; be complain, moan, groan, whine, decisive (4) nquma / qina (isenzo /verb) mutter, grouse, bleat, carp, cavil, solidify, harden, go hard, set, gel, protest; object to, speak out against, thicken, stiffen, congeal, clot find fault with nqumela (isenzo/ verb) cut for, slaughter for (2) decide for (3) lie across for …ns… insa… 180
insaba / inhloli / impimpi (UZL NC 6) a excuse, pretext, occasion, call, spy , secret agent, undercover agent, motivation, motive, cause, grounds, enemy agent, National Intelligence reason, purpose, need. Agency (NIA) official, military insense (UZL NC 6) (plural) amansense (UZL intelligence official NC 7) = crack on ones feet insabuli / imvubu (UZL NC 6) sjambok, insephe (UZL NC 6) springbuck, insephe a long, stiff whip, /inkakha (UZL NC 6) / umpetha (UZL NC 1.1) insakansaka (UZL NC 6) shapeless, champion, exponent, astute, formless, amorphous, unformed, intelligent, quick-witted person, a indefinite, nebulous; misshapen.(2) perceptive person, a sharp thinker, a baggy, badly cut, sack-like, tent-like, shrewd person, patron oversized insakavukela / inhlalayenza (UZL NC insi… 6) a daily occurrence, quotidian; insidwane (UZL NC 6)/ amakha-happening daily; usual; amunandi (UZL NC 6)/ amakha / insala (UZL NC 6)/ isibopho (UZL NC 5)/ iphunge-elihle (UZL NC 2) a perfume, intambo (UZL NC 6) a rope, cord, cable, scent, fragrance,, eau de cologne, line, strand, hawser; string. cologne, spray, aftershave, smell, insalela (UZL NC 6)/ izinsalela (UZL NC 9) odour, aroma, scent, fragrance, the leftover, the remainder, leavings, bouquet, redolence uneaten food, remainder, unused insika (UZL NC 6)/ isisekelo / isigxobo supplies, unwanted, spare, scraps, off / isibonda (UZL NC 5) a pillar, an upright cuts, remnants, remains post, a pole (2) insika (UZL NC insangu (UZL NC 6)/ (ugwayi oluhlaza) 6)/isisekelo (UZL NC 5)/ umugogodla dagga, marijuana, cannabis (UZL NC 1.2) = mainstay, central component, centrepiece, prop, inse… linchpin, cornerstone, pillar, insebenziswano (UZL NC 6)/ bulwark, buttress, chief support, ubambiswano (UZL NC backbone, anchor, foundation, base, 3)/inhlaliswano (UZL NC 6) synergy, bastion (3) insika (UZL NC 6)/ isibonda syndication, cooperation, greater (UZL NC 5)/umuqapheli (UZL NC 1.1)= a interaction, working together, counselor, a mentor, a coach, an teamwork, partnership, liaison, adviser, counsellor; a Chief’s association, synergy, unity, councilor, a leader’s confidante, concurrence insikazi / (isilwane sesifazane) (UZL insele (UZL NC 6) ratel, badger NC 6) a female beast insambatheka / insumansumane insikelelo (UZL NC 6)/ uxolelwano (UZL NC (UZL NC 6) mystery, enigma, puzzle , 3)/ ushwele (UZL NC 1.1) mercy, leniency, conundrum lenience, clemency, compassion, inselele / igqinamba (UZL NC 6) grace, pity, charity, forgiveness challenge, problem, difficult task, insila (UZL NC 6)/ (ukungcola test, trial; trouble, bother, obstacle komuzimba) body generated dirt declare dispute, confront with facts, (2) one’s life and blood (3) DNA inselelo (UZL NC 6) challenge , insimbi (UZL NC 6) a bell, an alarm, confrontation with, dispute with, chime, gong, alarm, peal, knell, toll, a stand against, test of, opposition, signal, a warning, an alert (2) steel, disagreement with; questioning of, metal, iron, ore, iron made tool, defiance, ultimatum.(2).justification, 181
insimbi-kayigobi (UZL NC 6)/ uqweqwe insumansumane / inkilayithela (UZL (UZL NC 3)/ isikhondlakhondla (UZL NC 5) NC 6)/ isimanga (UZL NC 5)/ umuhlola (UZL strong character, outstanding NC 1.2) (into engazwakali) personality, ethos, resilient person extraordinary, absurd, preposterous, insini (UZL NC 6)/ uhleko (UZL NC 3) ridiculous, ludicrous, farcical, laughter, amusement, entertainment, laughable humour, mirth, merriment, gaiety, insumpa (UZL NC 6) wart hilarity, glee (2) insini (UZL NC 6) gum insundu / ibrawuni (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) {izinsini (UZL NC 9)/ gums} It is dark brown insindiso (UZL NC 6)/ uzalobusha (UZL NC insungulo / indaliso (UZL NC 6) 3)/ ukusindiswa (UZL NC 4) rebirth, invention, origination, creation, revival, renaissance, renascence, innovation, devising, contriving, resurrection, reawakening, renewal, contrivance, formulation, resurgence, regeneration, development, design; conception, restoration, new beginning; masterminding, pioneering, revitalization, rejuvenation, introduction, discovery, finding revivification; reincarnation insingizi (UZL NC 6) ground-hornbill unsu… insipho (UZL NC 6) soap, detergent, unsundu (UZL NC 3)/ umunyama (UZL NC cleaner, cleanser 1.2)/ ubundoni-manzi (UZL NC 8.2) insiza (UZL NC 6) / isincedisi / darkness colour, brownish colour, isilekeleli (UZL NC 5) gadget, apparatus, dark complexion aide, appliance insizi (UZL NC 6) / umulotha (UZL NC 1.2) …nsw… ash, cinders, ashes, embers, clinkerinsizwa (UZL NC 6)/ ibhungu / inene inswe… (UZL NC 2) gentleman, a young man inswebu (UZL NC 6)/ ukufanana (UZL NC 4)/ inqotho (UZL NC 6) similitude, inso… resemblance, similarity, likeness, inso (UZL NC 6) kidney {izinso (UZL NC 9)/ sameness kidneys} inswelaboya / impungushe (UZL NC insokolo (UZL NC 6)/ ukusokolisa / 6)/ isigebengu (UZL NC 5) trickster, ukuhlwithwa komubuso / swindler, cheat, fraud, fraudster ukuhlaselwa (UZL NC 4)/ inhluphekiso inswempu (UZL NC 6)/ (UZL NC 6)/ ukuhlushekiswa (UZL NC 4) isikhondlakhondla (UZL NC 5) forceful seizure, occupation, invasion, person, bold, decisive, assured, conquest, takeover authoritative, strong-willed, insolozi (UZL NC 6)/ unsolozi / insistent, firm, determined, ukhukhamba / ukhukhumba (UZL NC commanding, bullish, dominant, 1.1) cucumber domineering, assaultive insomi / inganekwane (UZL NC 6) false- story, fiction unswi… unswinyo (UZL NC 3)/ indubo (UZL NC 6)/ insu… ukuduba / ukunswinya (UZL NC 4) insu (UZL NC 6) kidney stone sanction, embargo, ban, prohibition, insuka (UZL NC 6)/ umusuka (UZL NC 1.2) boycott, imposition of barriers, cause, root cause, origin imposition of restriction nswi… 182
nswininiza (isenzo / verb) speak in a kwezinkukhu) dawn, early hours of squeaky voice, screech in a small the morning voice, speak with a tiny voice intatheli (UZL NC 6)/ ijenalisti (UZL NC 2) nswinya / godla / duba (isenzo / verb) (owezindaba, umubiki wezindaba, sanction, blacklist, ban, bar, limit, umuhleli wezindaba, umubhali veto, embargo, boycott, spurn, snub, wezindaba) a journalist, reporter, restrain, shun, avoid (2) nswinya / correspondent, columnist, writer, ncishana / ncisha (isenzo / verb) be commentator, reviewer, blogger, stingy, be ungenerous editor, subeditor, copy editor, paparazzo; …nt… unta… untanga / uwethu (UZL NC 1.1) a peer, enta… an equal, a person of same or similar entabeni (undaweni / locative) to / from / at age group, a fellow, a contemporary / in the mountain (ubuningi / plural) = ontanga / people of entanyeni (undaweni / locative) to / from / same or similar age at / in the neck untangawami (UZL NC 1.1) a person of same age as me, my age group inta… untangayakhe (UZL NC 1.1 ) his/her age intaba (UZL NC 6)/ isicongo (UZL NC 5) group mountain, peak, height, elevation, untangayethu (UZL NC 1.1 ) a person of eminence, prominence, summit, same as age us, or similar age group pinnacle, mountain-top, alp, horn as us, our age group iNTaliyane (UZL NC 2) Italian untangayabo (UZL NC 1.1 ) a person of intamo (UZL NC 6)/ umuqalo (UZL NC 1.2) same or similar age as them, their neck age group intambama (UZL NC 2)/ ukushona untantane (UZL NC 3 ) floating object kwelanga / iselimathunzi (UZL NC 2) ntambama / imini yantambama in afternoon, the time from noon or the afternoon, after lunch, after lunchtime to evening 12noon but before evening intandane / inkedama (UZL NC 6) (umutshingo ubethwa ubani, nta… umuntu ongenabani, umuntwana ntangasa / tanasa (isenzo / verb) walk owashonelwa ngabazali bonke) with legs apart, walk in a strange orphan, a person with no parents way, walk in an unusual way with intaka (UZL NC 6) a sparrow some difficulties intambo / indophu (UZL NC 6)/ ntanta / dada (isenzo / verb) float, stay umuchilo (UZL NC 1.2) a rope, cord, cable, afloat, hover on the air, levitate, be line, strand, hawser, string suspended, hang, defy gravity (2) intandabuzo (UZL NC 6)/ unqikazo (UZL move up and down, go up and down NC 3) hesitation ntantatheka / zula / ntanta / ehla intando (UZL NC 6) will, wish, desire (2) wenyuka (isenzo / verb) move about, go love concoction up and down intathakusa (UZL NC 6)/ ubhadakazi ntantathekisa / zulisa / ntantisa / (UZL NC 1.1)/ ukusa (UZL NC 4)/ uvivi (UZL NC 3) ehlisa wenyuka (isenzo / verb) cause to (ekuseni kakhulu, ngokukhala be unstable, cause to move about kwezinkukhu, ngelokukikiza 183
ntathathekiswa (isenzo / verb) be made intethelelo (UZL NC 6)/ ushwele / to move about uxolelwano (UZL NC 3 ) forgiveness, ntantisa (isenzo / verb) cause to float pardon, absolution, exoneration, (check ntanta above) remission, dispensation, clemency, ntantiswa (isenzo / verb) be made or mercy, pity, lenience, leniency; caused to float (check ntanta above) acquittal inte… inti… intembeko (UZL NC 6 )/ ukuthembeka intibane (UZL NC 6) wart-tog (UZL NC 4) moral correctness, intilibathwa (UZL NC 6) trillion uprightness, honourableness, intilintili (UZL NC 6) greatest abundance honour, integrity, morals, morality, intintibane / igugu (UZL NC 6) precious ethics, principle; truthfulness thing intela (UZL NC 6 ) tax, intela yexabiso lempahla, intelagugu = Value into… Added Tax (VAT); intela yenzuzo into (UZL NC 6)/ utho (UZL NC 3 ) thing yekhanda = Personal Income Tax intofontofo (UZL NC 6) soft objects, soft (PIT), intela yenzuzo yenkampani = thing, velvety thing, feathery (2) Company Income Tax (CIT), intela comfort yokunethezeka = Capital Gains Tax intokazi / intombinkulu (UZL NC 6 )/ (CGT), intela yempahla engenayo = iqhikiza (UZL NC 2) a lady, noblewoman, customs duty, levy, tariff, duty, toll, gentlewoman, duchess, countess, excise, impost, contribution, peeress; baroness, dame, grand assessment, tribute, tithe, charge, dame. fee; liability, dues intokaji / inonje / intasika (UZL NC 6) intengiso (UZL NC 6) (okudayiswayo, a particular forgotten thing, a thing impahla edayiswayo) merchadise, that has been forgotten, intwethize commodity, item, material, type of / inomayini (UZL NC 6) a thing, produce, product, article, object, something, anything, everything thing, artefact, import, export intokozo / injabulo (UZL NC 6)/ intengiso engenayo = import, ukuthokoza / ukujabula / ukusasa intengiso ephumayo = export / ukwesasa / ukwethaba / intengo / inkokhelo (UZL NC 6 )/ ukwenama/ ukuvuya (UZL NC 4)/ ixabiso / inani (UZL NC 2) price, cost, ubumunandi (UZL NC 8.2)/ charge, fee, terms, payment, rate, ukuncinciza-bo (UZL NC 4) joy, fare, levy, toll, amount, sum, total, enjoyment, pleasure, satisfaction, figure, worth, (monetary) value; cheerfulness, cheeriness, merriment, ixabiso elibhekiwe, inkokhelo merriness, gaiety, elindelekile, intengo ebhekiwe, intoli / utolika / umushumushi inani elibhekiwe = asking price, translator, interpreter intengo eyamukelekile, ixabiso intolibhantshi waistcoat elamukelekile, inkokhelo intombazane (UZL NC 6)/ itshitshi (UZL NC eyamukelekile = selling price, 2) (umuntu wesifazane outlay, expense, expenses, osemuncane) a girl, a young female, expenditure, bill, valuation, aam yanotoumnbagza wne /o gmirlsa )n , a little girl (plural UZL 7 = quotation, estimate; damage. intethe (UZL NC 6 ) the/ a / grasshopper, 184
intombi (UZL NC 6)/ ijongosi (UZL NC 2) a want, needful, be an indigent, be young woman, a young lady, an impoverished; be destitute unmarried woman intombi-nto (UZL NC 6) virgin …ntsh… intondo (UZL NC 6) quantity that exceeds trillion Intsha… intonga (UZL NC 6)/ ubhoko (UZL NC 3)/ intsha (UZL NC 6)/ ulusha (UZL NC 3)/ induku (UZL NC 6) stick; walking stick abasha (UZL NC 8.1) (abantu intongomane (UZL NC 6)/ ikinati (UZL NC 2) abasebasha) the youth, young agmraontuonngdom nanue, ta,m pakeinaatni, u / tg,r onunud tn u(ptsl,u praeal nUuZtLs ,7 n u=t s) people, intothombela (UZL NC 6) sleek person intshakazi/ intshakaza (UZL NC 6) or thing, well rounded person or flower-tuft of corn, the tuft that thing, (2) well groomed, stylish, covers mealies, the reed of a maize wealthy-looking, prosperous-looking plant intothoviyane / intethe (UZL NC 6) grasshopper, yellow smelly locust intshe… ntofozela / thamba / thofozela intshe (UZL NC 6) ostrich (isenzo / verb) be soft, be velvety, be intshebe (UZL NC 6)/ amadevu (UZL NC 7) smooth, be cushiony, fleecy, downy, beard, facial hair, leathery, furry, silky, silken, satiny, intshede (UZL NC 6)/ umusizi (UZL NC 1.2) spongy, squashy soot intshela (UZL NC 6)/ isikhokho (UZL NC 5) intu… crust intuba (UZL NC 6) / umufantu (UZL NC 1.2) / igebe (UZL NC 2) / imbobo (UZL NC 6) a gap, intshi… an opening, aperture, space, breach, intshisekelo (UZL NC 6)/ ugqozi / chink, slit, slot, vent, crack, crevice, ufuqufuqu (UZL NC 3) passion, fervour, cranny, cavity, hole, orifice, ardour, intensity, enthusiasm, interstice, perforation eagerness, zeal, zealousness, intulo (UZL NC 6) a gecko, gecko vehemence, vigour, commitment, intukuthelo (UZL NC 6) / ulaka (UZL NC 3) / fanaticism, violence; fervency, ukuvevezela / ukungqangqa (UZL NC ardency 4) anger, upset, the state of being furious, displeasure, resentment; ntshi… rage, fury, wrath, outrage, temper ntshinga / lahla / shiya / yeka/ intuthu (UZL NC 6) / ukushunqa (UZL NC 4) chitha (isenzo / verb) throw-away, smoke, fumes, exhaust, gas, vapour; discard, dispose, get rid of, smog relinquish, repudiate, abandon, intuthuko (UZL NC 6) (izinga lempilo elingcono) development, progress, intsho… growth, prosperity, comfort, nice life, intshontsho / inyama (UZL NC 6) meat improvement, upgrade, better life intshozi (UZL NC 6) stare, gape, fixed intuthwane (UZL NC 6) ant look ntula / swela / hlupheka (isenzo / verb) be needy, poor, deprived, ntsho… disadvantaged, underprivileged, in ntshontsha / eba / thatha- ngozipho (isenzo / verb) steal ntshontshile (isiphawulo / adjective) stolen ntshotshela (isenzo / verb) steal for 185
ntshontshisa (isenzo / verb) cause intwenhle (UZL NC 3) (into enhle) / someone to steal ubuhle (UZL NC 8.2) / okuhle (UZL NC 4) the beautiful thing, a pleasant thing intshu… intshumentshu (UZL NC 6) (umubese omukhulu) a long knife usually used ...nw… as a weapon intshungu (UZL NC 6) climbing gourd unwa… unwabo (UZL NC 3) / injabulo (UZL NC 6) / uvuyo (UZL NC 3) / ukwethaba (UZL NC 4) …ntshw… delightfulness, gladness, joyfulness unwabu (UZL NC 3) chamaeleon, intshwamu (UZL NC 6) a person or thing unwayela (UZL NC 3)/ ungqo (UZL NC 1.1)/ that is dehydrated; emaciated, isithabisanhliziyo (UZL NC 5) exact, wrinkled, aged, thin, skeletal, bony, precise, accurate, faithful, correct, wasted, scrawny, skinny, anorexic ; unerring, right, close, true, strict undernourished untshwamu (UZL NC 3) the person who nwa… is wrinkled, a person who is aged nwaba /cosololozela / thaba / with wrinkles, vuya / jabula (isenzo / verb) be happy, be ntshwama / ntshwamuka / guga / very pleased, be glad, be joyful, be bothoka (isenzo / verb) be dehydrated; thrilled, look old and wrinkled, be emaciated, nwabuluka / nwebeka / cothoza / be wrinkled, be aged, be thin, be cathuza / luleka / nyonyoba / skeletal, be bony, be wasted yenza kancane (isenzo / verb) be slow, ntshwamuka / ntshwama / guga / walk very slowly, do something very bothoka (isenzo / verb) look old and slowly, be unhurried, be leisurely unhealthy nwala / chwephesha / cola / cwala (isenzo / verb) perfect, professionalise, …ntw… make it flawless, make consummate, quintessential, (2) nwala / intwala (UZL NC 6) louse benyezelisa / cwalisisa / {izintwala/lice} cwebezelisa = shine; make flawless, intwana (UZL NC 6) a very small person mint, unmarred, unimpaired (2) derogatory word diminutive of nwaya / hwaya / klwebha / hhaya into / thing ngezinsipho (isenzo / verb) scratch, intwasahlobo / isandulela hlobo scrape, roughen, lacerate, groove, (UZL NC 6) spring, gash, engrave, incise, gouge intwana (UZL NC 6) (into encane) a very small person or thing unwe… intwasahlobo (UZL NC 6) (isandulela unwele (UZL NC 3) a string of hair (ubuningi ihlobo) spring /plural) = izinwele (UZL NC 9)/hair) intwe… nwe… intwembi (UZL NC 6) (into embi)/ nweba / andisa / lula / khulisa ububi (UZL NC 8.2) / okubi (UZL NC 4) ugly (isenzo / verb) extend, expand, lengthen; thing, the unpleasant thing (2) the enlarge, increase, make larger, make bitter thing, the acidic thing, food or bigger, make greater; lengthen, oral medication with bitter taste widen, broaden; stretch, stretch out, 186
draw out, elongate (2) continue, carry on, run on, last, spread, range, reach, lead; unroll, unfurl wherever he goes such as the gun, handbag or stick …nx… nxa… nxapha / ncimfa (isenzo / verb) indicate disdain by making a sound through Inxa… ones teeth and tongue inxa / igqubu (UZL NC 2) / ukhonondo nxaphela (isenzo / verb) direct one’s (UZL NC 3)/ isikhalo (UZL NC 5) grudge, disdain by making sound through grievance, gripe, complain, one’s teeth and tongue resentment, bitterness nxanye one side dissatisfaction, disgruntlement, bad nxazonke () all sides feelings, hard feelings, ill feelings, ill will, hatred, dislike, aversion, inxe… animosity, antipathy, antagonism, inxeba (UZL NC 2)/ isilonda (UZL NC 5) a enmity stab wound, an injury, lesion, cut, inxanelo (UZL NC 2)/ intshisekelo / gash, laceration, tear, rent, puncture, imfuno (UZL NC 6)/ ilukuluku (UZL NC 2) slash; sore, graze, scratch, scrape, eagerness ; craving; longing, abrasion; bruise, contusion (2) keenness, enthusiasm, avidity, insult, blow, slight, offence (3) inxano /inxanelo (UZL NC 2)/ ukoma grudge (UZL NC 4) thirst, thirstiness, dryness; inxele (UZL NC 2) a left-handed person; dehydration; polydipsia; drought, left hand craving, strong desire, longing, inxephezelo (UZL NC 2)/ isinxephezelo yearning (UZL NC 5)/ umuthobanhliziyo (UZL NC 1. 2) a fine ; compensation; redress(2) onxa… consolation, comfort, solace; onxantathu (UZL NC 8.1)/ sympathy, compassion, pity, amathrayengela (UZL NC 7) triangles commiseration, fellow feeling; relief, onxazisuka (UZL NC 8.1) things one help, aid, support, moral support,; carries all the time, treasures, condolence sentimental objects or even people such as new born babies, unxe… onxazimbili (UZL NC 8.1) double-sided, unxenxo (UZL NC 3)/ umukhankaso double edge sword, wokunxusa (UZL NC 1.2) persuasion; canvass, lobby, pressure group, unxa… interest group, campaign, crusade, unxambili / unxazimbili (UZL NC 1.1)/ faction, camp, bloc, clique ucijanxazonke / ucijanxambili (UZL nxephezela / ncephezela / NC 1.1) double-sided object, double ncesezela / shweleza / gwinya edge sword, (2) double-tongued, a amagama akho (isenzo / verb) apologise, bias person, compensate, say sorry, express unxantathu / ithrayengela (UZL NC 6) regret, be apologetic, make an triangle apology, ask forgiveness, beg unxazisuka (UZL NC 1.1)/ forgiveness, ask for pardon, beg ingqalabuthwa (UZL NC 6)/ ujosaka (UZL pardon; offer something as a gesture NC 1.1) that which one takes with along of remorse 187
nxe… supplication, petition, prayer; nxenxa / nxusa / cela (isenzo / verb) request, call, solicitation, invocation, lobby, canvass, advocate, persuade; suit; rare imploration, adjuration (2) campaign, crusade, press, push, request, demand drum-up support, speak, …nxw… inxi… …ny… inxila (UZL NC 2)/ isidakwa (UZL NC 5) a drunkard, a drinker, drunkard, alcoholic Inya… inxiwa / indlu (UZL NC 6)/ umuzi (UZL NC inya./ bhosha /kaka (respectable term 1.2)/ ikhaya (UZL NC 2)/ indawo for a baby shit) hhuda (common term yokuhlala (UZL NC 6) home, place of for running tummy) - respectable residence, homestead, lodging place, term for shit) / khulula (respectable habitation, residence, dwelling, term for shit) / thulula (isenzo / verb) shit-dwelling place, abode, domicile (2) out, eject faeces, go to the toilet, bedroom release a stool, empty one’s bowel inya / suza / shipha (isenzo / verb)fart, nxi… emit stomach gases nxila / phuza udakwe / cwila inyakanyaka /inhlekelele / ezimbizeni / gwiliza ezimbizeni inkanankana (UZL NC 6) / zikaFaro (isenzo / verb) be drunk, be isigemegeme (UZL NC 5) massive intoxicated, be an alcoholic, drink accident, a catastrophe, disaster, alcohol, take alcohol, tipple, indulge calamity, cataclysm, crisis inyakanyaka /inhlekelele / inxu… inkanankana / isigemegeme(UZL NC 6) inxuluma (UZL NC 6)/ isithabathaba (isibaluli /adjective) of epic proportions, (UZL NC 5)/ udukathole (UZL NC 1.1) a big outrageous, shocking, disgraceful, house, a mansion, frightening, scandalous, atrocious, inxusa (UZL NC 2)/ isethemjwa (UZL NC 5) appalling, abhorrent, monstrous, ambassador, envoy, diplomat, heinous; evil, wicked, abominable, ambassador extraordinary, iNyakatho (UZL NC 6) North ambassador plenipotentiary, inyala (UZL NC 2)/ amanyala (UZL NC 7)/ plenipotentiary, consul, attaché, (2) umukhuba-omubi (UZL NC 1.2)/ campaigner; representative, isixovamoya (UZL NC 5)/ amahloni (UZL exponent, promoter, proponent, NC 7)/ izinhloni (UZL NC 9)/ ihlazo (UZL NC advocate, champion, supporter, 2)/ ishwa (UZL NC 2)/ umuhlola (UZL NC 1.2) backer, upholder, protagonist disgrace, dishonour, shame, inxushunxushu / ingxovangxova ignominy, discredit, degradation, (UZL NC 6) stampede, charge, panic, rush, disrepute flight, rout, scattering. inyama (UZL NC 6)/ incoso (UZL NC 6)/ amantshontsho (UZL NC 7) meat, inyama (UZL NC 6)/ isikhumba (UZL NC 5)/ umuzimba (UZL NC 1.2) flesh, human flesh, animal flesh, muscle, tissue, Nxu… muscle, soft-tissue, meat, brawn; nxusa / cela nxenxa (isenzo / verb) make human skin, human body a plea, ask, appeal, entreaty, inyamazane (UZL NC 6) antelope 188
inyanda (UZL NC 6)/ izinkuni (UZL NC 9) a jumble, litter, heap, tangle, welter, bundle of wood, firewood tied muddle, hotchpotch, hodgepodge, together for ease of carrying on ones mishmash, farrago, confusion, head medley, gallimaufry. (2) disorder, inyanda / inhlaniselwamabhuku chaos, disarray, untidiness, mess, (UZL NC 6) bundle muddle, confusion, disorderliness; inyanga (UZL NC 6)/ umelaphi / state of confusion/untidiness; litter, umelaphi-wendabuko (UZL NC 1.1)/ rubbish inyunduluka (UZL NC 6)/ isangoma (UZL NC 5) a traditional medicinal person, a unya… medicinal healer, a spiritual healer unya (UZL NC 3)/ isihluku (UZL NC 5)/ inyanga (UZL NC 6) (2) month, calendar ubulwane / ubunja / ubugovu / month, a calendar (3) moon (4) ubusathane / ububi / menstrual cycle, (5) time and space, ubuxhwanguxhwangu (UZL NC 8.2) inyana (UZL NC 6) /unyana (UZL NC 3)/ brutality, savagery, savageness, indodana (UZL NC 6) son, male child, inhumanity, barbarism, boy, son and heir; descendant, barbarousness, brutishness, offspring bloodthirstiness, bad faith, inyani/ inyaniso (UZL NC 6)/ iqiniso (UZL murderousness, viciousness, NC 2)/ isiqiniseko (UZL NC 5) truth, ferocity, ferociousness, fierceness; absolute truth, veracity, truthfulness, callousness, sadism, ruthlessness, verity, sincerity, relentlessness, mercilessness, inyathelo (UZL NC 2) / igxathi (UZL NC 2)/ pitilessness, remorselessness, lack of isitebhisi (UZL NC 5) step, pace, footstep, regard, severity, harshness, stride (2) short distance, stone's inclemency; wickedness, badness, throw, spitting distance (3) course of baseness, iniquity, blackness, black-action, measure, move, act, action, heartedness, evil, fiendishness, procedure, proceeding, initiative; devilishness, heinousness, nastiness, manoeuvre, tactic, strategy, unkindness, abuse stratagem, operation; (4) footstep, unyaba /isimbozamuhlaba (UZL footfall, tread, tramp (5) gait, walk, NC 3) stretched out object, ground way of walking, tread, bearing, cover, carriage. (6) stair, tread, tread board; unyaka / isikhathi ( UZL NC 1.1) a (amanyathelo, amagxatho, year, 365 days (2) age, number of izitebhisi = steps) stairs, staircase, years, lifetime, duration, length of stairway; stoop. (7) advance, life; stage of life, generation, age progression, development, step in group, peer group; years, summers, the right direction, step forward, winters. move, movement, breakthrough, unyakanye / unyakodlule / stage, level, grade, rank, degree; unyaka-odlule (UZL NC 1.1) the same phase; notch. year, the same period, the same era, inyathi (UZL NC 6) buffalo the same age group, of the same inyavu (UZL NC 6)/ umushuqulo (UZL NC peer group, 1.2) scramble, bits and pieces tied unyakenye / unyakodlule / together unyakofile (UZL NC 1.1) previous year, inyavunyavu (UZL NC 6)/ last year, yesteryear, past year amanyavunyavu (UZL NC 7)/ unyakozayo / unyaka-ozayo (UZL NC amanikiniki (UZL NC 7) mess, clutter, 1.1) next year 189
unyawo (UZL NC 3) foot (plural = izinyawo nyamane (isiphawulo / adjective) same blood ties, siblings, biological brothers and /feet) sisters, blood relatives nyameka / namathisela / unyazi (UZL NC 3)/ umubani (UZL NC 1.2) hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) stick, affix, lightning, lightning strike, attach, fasten, fix; paste, glue, gum, tape, sellotape, pin, tack; weld, solder nya… nyamezela / bekezela (isenzo / verb) nyaba / dumala / nengeka / persevere, be patient, persist, phatheka-kabi (isenzo / verb) be endure, continue, carry on, go on, unhappy, be uncomfortable, be in keep on, keep going, not give up, pain, display sign of unhappiness, struggle on, hammer away, be pain, feel down, feel depressed, have persistent, be determined, be depression, be withdrawn consistent, insist, show nyabela / nyukubala (isenzo / verb) be determination, press unhappy for/towards, direct the nyanisa / khuluma iqiniso (isenzo / display of sign of unhappiness to verb) speak the truth, present facts, someone, have pains for , feeling present or show evidence down for , experience depression nyandezela / phoqa (isenzo / verb) because of someone, withdrawal compel, force, coerce into, pressurize towards somebody else into, pressure, impel, drive, press, nyabisa / dumazisa (isenzo / verb) cause push, urge, prevail on; dragoon into, someone to display signs of nyandezeleka / fumaniseka / unhappiness, pain, feeling down, phoqeleka (isenzo / verb) be compelled to depression, withdrawal towards , being forced to, somebody else nyandulula / vundulula (isenzo / verb) nyabile / dumele (isiphawulo / adjective) unearth, dig up, excavate, exhume, displaying sign of unhappiness, pain, disinter, bring to the surface, mine, feeling down, depression, quarry, pull out, root out, scoop out, withdrawal, disentomb, unbury nyakaza / dlikiza / xhukuza (giya, nyanta (isenzo / verb) display feeling of a dansa, sanduza, sina) (isenzo / verb) fright or disapproval move, dance, shake, show sign of life, nyantisa / sabeka / thusa (isenzo / verb) indicate, locomote , sway, swing, be scary, cause shiver on the spine, shake, oscillate, rock, undulate, move frightening, scaring, hair-raising, from side to side, move to and fro, terrifying, petrifying, spine-chilling, move back and forth (2) move, go, blood-curdling, chilling, horrifying, walk, proceed, progress, advance, alarming, appalling, daunting, pass; budge, stir, shift, change formidable, fearsome, nerve-racking, position, make a move unnerving; eerie, sinister; informal nyakazisa / dlikiziza / xhukuzisa creepy, spine-tingling, spooky, hairy. (isenzo / verb) shake something, wake nyanya / canuzela (isenzo / verb) be someone up; move something, disgusted, display or show feeling of dislocate something, move from revulsion, repugnance, aversion, place of origin, shake something distaste, abhorrence, loathing, nyamanye /ndluyinye (isiphawulo / detestation, odium, execration, adjective) same biological parent/s, horror; nauseate same biological family or lineology 190
nyanyeka / cikisa (isenzo / verb) be crick; pull, stretch, tear; injure, hurt, disgusting, be revolting, distasteful, damage; terrible, horrible, nyenyeza / chela / chimfiza (isenzo / nyanyisa / cika / cefeza (isenzo / verb) verb) sprinkle, drizzle, splash, trickle, disgust, distaste, loath, detest, repel spray, shower, spritz; spatter nyathela / cindezela-ngonyawo nyenyeza / hleba / swesweza (isenzo / (isenzo / verb) put your foot down, stamp, verb) whisper, murmur, mutter, nyathela – kancane / cothoza (isenzo mumble, speak softly, say softly, / verb) stamp; walk slowly, walk very speak in muted tones, speak in slowly hushed tones, say sotto voce; nyaza / xwasa / bukela phansi breathe, purr (isenzo / verb) look down upon, nyenyezela / hlebela / swebezela undermine, belittle, consider as (isenzo / verb) whisper to ….(check nyenyeza, hleba inferiour, disparage, denigrate, run down, deprecate, depreciate, above) downgrade; vilify nyenya / doja (isenzo / verb) sneak out, enye… enye the other one nyi… nyipha / nximfa (isenzo / verb) pull one’s inye… mouth in disapproval or disdain inye its one, its singular inyela / inyelo (UZL NC 6) ironstone inyo… inyelo (UZL NC 2) / ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) inyoka (UZL NC 6) snake (2) bastard, illegitimate child, child born untrustworthy person out of wedlock; inyoni (UZL NC 6) bird (2) stupid person inyendle (UZL NC 6) predator (2) house (3) colic (severe pain in the abdomen cricket (3) evil doer within the caused by wind or obstruction in the family, the one harms own family intestines and suffered especially by members babies). inyongo (UZL NC 6) gall, bile unye… inyongo (UZL NC 6) acid related sickness =u inzinyyeemmbebzie / zteia r(Us)Z L NC 3) a tear (ubuningi / plural (this word is also used to refer to a unyela isihlahla > literal ≈ She/He feeling of nausea, tiredness often is shitting on the tree = being relating to having toxins in the liver) ungrateful, thankless, unpreciative inyosi (UZL NC 6) bee especially to someone who has inyosi (UZL NC 6) praise singer of the helped one previously. This Nguni king or queen or president saying is usually applied when the one who has been helped turns onyo… against the one who has helped = onyoko / omama / onina (UZL NC 8.1) English equivalent saying = Don’t mothers bite the hand that feeds you. unyezi (UZL NC 3) moon light, lit sky at unyo… night, full moon, unyoko / umama / unina (UZL NC 1.1) nyela / phula / thikameza (isenzo / verb) mother sprain, wrench, twist, turn, strain, unyonyovu (UZL NC 3) brand new and beautiful, elegant , fresh from the box e.g. unyonyovu lwemoto elegant car 191
nyo… nyula (isenzo / verb) take out from the pot nyokoloza / bheka kabi (isenzo / verb) before it is ready look at another with disdain, scorn, nyulela (isenzo / verb) dish out for deride, pour scorn on, regard with someone whilst food is still in the contempt (2) spurn, reject, refuse, cooking process rebuff, disregard, ignore, snub, nyulisa (isenzo / verb) make or persuade decline, turn down, brush aside another to dish out before food is nyonyoba / cathuza / cothoza / cooked nwabuluka (isenzo / verb) be very slow, nyusa / khuphula / khuphukisa be unhurried, be leisurely, be in slow (isenzo / verb) increase, grow, get bigger, motion, be steady, be sedated, be get larger, become greater, enlarge, slow-moving, expand, swell; rise, climb, escalate nyukubala / bhocobala / dangala / inyu… hlukumezeka emoyeni / phatheka inyufomu (UZL NC 6) / iyunifomu (UZL NC kabi / phoxeka / xoveka umoya 6) / ufaniselwano (UZL NC 3) / (isenzo / verb) be miserable, be sad, be umufaniselwano (UZL NC 1.2) uniform, unhappy, unhappy, sad, sorrowful, same regalia, same dejected, depressed, downcast, inyuka (UZL NC 2) / ikholwa (UZL NC 2) / downhearted, umuvangeli (UZL NC 1.1) a believer, nyumuka / bhongcuka / doncuka devotee of, adherent of, disciple of, / phuma / nqamuka (isenzo / verb) be follower of, supporter of, upholder disconnected, be detached, be of, worshipper in; disengage, uncouple, decouple, inyuka / inyusa (UZL NC 2) / ivolumu unhook, unhitch, unlink, undo, (UZL NC 6) volume, loudness, sound, unfasten, unyoke, disarticulate, amplification disjoin, disunite; extract inyundulula (UZL NC 6) / ukhokhovu-oxhumene nabaphansi (UZL NC 3) the most senior spiritual leader and traditional medicinal expert, …nz… inyumba (UZL NC 6) / ovalekelwe inzalo (UZL NC 1.1) a barren woman, an enza (isenzo / verb) do; action; practise; infertile woman, a sterile woman, a apply childless; inzalo (UZL NC 6)/ isibeletho (UZL NC 5) inyunyana / inhlanganiso (UZL NC 6) / fertilization, conception, umubutho (um’butho) (UZL NC 1.2) impregnation, insemination, union (i) inyunyana yabasebenzi = implantation, inception of worker’s union pregnancy; pollination, propagation; fecundation (2) ovary; fertility nyu… inzame (UZL NC 6)/ umuzamo nyuka / nyusa / khuphuka / (umzamo) (UZL NC 1.2) attempt, effort, phakamela / qonga / khuphukela endeavour, try, bid, venture, test phezulu – rise, rise-up, move up, inzika / injula / impicabadala (UZL move upwards, go up, arise, ascend, NC 6) the depth of the surface; hole; climb, climb up, mount, soar (2) sink hole; container; make loud (3) increase e.g. inzondo (UZL NC 6)/ umuhhobholo / ukwenyuka kwentengo = price umuhobholo / umona (UZL NC 1.2)/ increase unya / uthuthuva (UZL NC 3)/ isichithi / isinyama / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5)/ inhliziyo-embi (UZL NC 6) hatred, 192
loathing, hate, detestation, dislike, passport, travel document, official distaste, jealousy, envy, abhorrence, traveling dcument abomination, ipatshazi / ibhamuza (UZL NC 2) a inzotho (UZL NC 6)/ ukuthobeka (UZL NC blister, a bleb, a bulla, a pustule, a 4)/ isizotha (UZL NC 5) humility, vesicle, a vesication, a blain, a modesty, humbleness, modestness, bubble, swelling, bulge, bump, lump, meekness, lack of pride, lack of protuberance; cavity, hollow, void, a vanity pimple inzuzo (UZL NC 6)/ ingeniso (UZL NC 2)/ okuhle / okungenayo (UZL NC 4) profit, pa… financial gain, gain, return(s), patanisa / zama / hlanganisela / payback, dividend, interest, yield, ndandanisa put together, try, revenue, income, in flows, cash flows, attempt, give it a go, endeavour, surplus, excess; gross profit, net make an effort, exert oneself, seek, profit, operating profit; (2) inzuzo strive, struggle, (UZL NC 6)/ umuphela-omuhle (UZL NC 1.2)/ ibongo (UZL NC 2) reward, ipe… recompense, prize, award ipeni / ipensela (UZL NC 2) a pen, a pencil ipetshisi (UZL NC 2) peach …nzw… ope… inzwabethi (UZL NC 6) rumour, hearsay, opelepele (UZL NC 8.1) chillies upe… upelepele (UZL NC 1.1) chilli …p… pe… Ipa… pensa / pepenyeka / zizwe / ipaki (UZL NC 2)/ ingcebeleka (UZL NC 2)/ qhenya / phakama be arrogant, ishayisamoya (UZL NC 2)/ insimu- conceited, vain, self-important, full of yemvelo (UZL NC 6)/ ikhaya-lemvelo oneself, narcissistic, egotistical, (UZL NC 2) a park, public garden, puffed up, jumped-up, boastful, recreation ground, playground, play smug, complacent, disdainful, area, municipal park (2) parkland, condescending, pretentious, scornful, grassland, woodland, garden(s), supercilious, snobbish, imperious, lawns, grounds, estate, greensward pompous, overbearing, bumptious, ipaneka (UZL NC 2)/ ithafa (UZL NC 2) plane, lordly, presumptuous, overweening, flat surface, level surface; the flat, haughty, walk-tall, be unfazed horizontal pepenyeka / nyusa-ikhala walk-ipani / isosipani (UZL NC 2) pan, sauce- about arrogantly (see pensa above) pan, frying-pan petula / vula / qhekeza / govoza Ipantsula (UZL NC 2) a pantsula dancer (isenzo / verb) crack open, e.g petula ihlo / ipapa / iphalishi-elithambile (UZL NC open the eye especially if has had a 2)/ isadza (UZL NC 6)/ isithwala (UZL NC 5) foreign particle or when the doctor pap, soft porridge opens the eye for examination ipasi (UZL NC 2)/ umazisi (UZL NC 1.1) an purposes identity document peketula (isenzo / verb) turn upside down ipasiphothi / iphasiphothi (UZL NC 6)/ isigunyaziwelomungcele (UZL NC 5) 193
ipiki (UZL NC 2) a pick (a ploughing or posa / thumela / shaya ucingo (isenzo digging tool) / verb) post, mail posela / thumelela (isenzo / verb) post to ipi… putshuka (isenzo / verb) be slippery, be a ipipi (UZL NC 2)/ umuthondo (UZL NC 1.2)/ mystery, be evasive, be unreliable ubudoda (UZL NC 8.2) (umuphambili-wesilisa) a penis , a male sexual organ …ph… ipipi / igudu (UZL NC 2) a smoking pipe eposini at the post office epha… ipitikoti (UZL NC 2)/ indilokwe (UZL NC 6) ephakeme – the one that is high up, petticoat, an underwear for women (2) the one that is tall (3) the one that is elevated. ipo… ipolitiki / umubangazwe / Ipha… umubusazwe politics ipha / phana / nika / nikezela / iposela / iposi (UZL NC 2) post office, lula isandla / hlephulela (isenzo / verb) iposi (UZL NC 2) posted letter, mail, give, present with, provide with, post, letters, packages, parcels, supply with, furnish with, gift with, correspondence, communications, hand, let someone have; offer, airmail; postal system, postal service, proffer; award, grant, bestow, isigxobo-seposi = postbox, accord, confer; donate, contribute, ipotimende / isuthikhesi (UZL NC 2) put up; hand over, turn over, make suitcase , travelling bag, travel bag, over, bequeath, pledge, vouchsafe; case, grip, valise, briefcase, overnight lend, slip case, portmanteau, vanity case, iphahla (UZL NC 2) the third wife in a holdall polygamous relationship iphahlazo (UZL NC 2)/ (izibuko upo… zokusweka, izibuko zelanga) upomu / umbombayi (UZL NC 1.1)/ sunglasses imfeketho (UZL NC 6) a fake, an artificial iphakade / ingunaphakade (UZL NC 2) thing, counterfeit, forged, fraudulent, eternity, ever, all time, perpetuity, sham, imitation, false, bogus, timeliness upoyinandi / umasipala / iphakathi (UZL NC 2)/ inhliziyo / uhulumeni wasekhaya (UZL NC 1.1) inkaba / injula (UZL NC 6) centre, municipality, municipal government, interior, middle, nucleus, bosom; borough, town, city, district, recesses, bowels, depth, inner, midst administrative division (2) heart, crux nucleus, nub, hub,. iphanga (UZL NC 2)/ ukulamba (UZL NC po… 4)/ inkemane (UZL NC 6)/ indlala (UZL NC poka / buya (isenzo / verb) be ghostly, be 6) hunger, hunger pains ghostlike, be spectral, be unearthly, iphanse / icishe it almost be unnatural, be shadowy, be iphansi (UZL NC 2) the lower ground, uncanny, be weird, act strangely, be the surface, underground, ground-freakish, be creepy floor iphaphu (UZL NC 2) lung politika politic, speak politics, be iphaseji (UZL NC 2)/ umuhubhe (UZL NC political 1.2) passage 194
iphasela (UZL NC 2)/ impahla (UZL NC 6) phahlaka (isenzo / verb) plummet, plunge, parcel fall headlong, hurtle, nosedive, dive, iPhasika / ukufanovuko- lukaJesu drop, crash, descend (UZL NC 4) Pentecost phahleka / bhanda / gudula / iphathi (UZL NC 6) / idili (UZL NC 2)/ penda (isenzo / verb) daub, smear with umugido / umubhiyozo / mud to give a complete mud finish, umujuxuzo (UZL NC 1.2) party plaster with mud; spray, spray-paint, airbrush, paint, colour, apply paint opha… to, stain, distemper, whitewash, opha (isenzo / verb) bleed emulsion, gloss, spray, spray-paint, ophaca (UZL NC 8.1) floppy shoes, flops airbrush, roller, coat, cover. phahlisa / bhandisa / gudulisa / upha… pendisa (isenzo / verb) help one to make a uphaca (UZL NC 1.1) a floppy shoe, a flop building or structure pasted with uphahla (UZL NC 3) wall (2) a shelter desired effect (check phahleka, uphando / ucwaningo / uphenyo bhanda etc. above) (UZL NC 3) an investigation, examination, phaka / disha (isenzo / verb) dish out, enquiry, study, inspection, serve the food, (2) phaka impi / exploration, consideration, analysis, incite violence, spoil for a fight = stir appraisal; research, scrutiny, up, whip up, work up, encourage, scrutinization, scanning, perusal, stoke up, fuel, kindle, ignite, inflame, sifting, fact-finding; probe, review, stimulate, instigate, provoke, excite survey, search; inquest, hearing, phakade / njalonjalo (isenzo / verb) questioning, interrogation, forever, permanently, for always, for inquisition; audit, evaluation, snoop, good, for good and all, perpetually; snooping, post-mortem, recce. evermore, for ever and ever, until the uphathe / ugange (UZLNC 3) oblivion / end of time; for eternity, in nothingness / obscurity perpetuity, everlastingly, enduringly, uphathi (UZL NC 1.1) putty, eternally uphakimpi (UZL NC 1.1) a war instigator, phakama / sukuma (isenzo / verb) stand a person who is a source of trouble up, rise, rise up, be on one’s feet, uphaphe / usiba (UZL NC 3) feather phakamisa / qubula (isenzo / verb) raise, uphaya (UZL NC 1.1)/ idombolo- lift, elevate; uplift, upraise, hoist, elinomukhuba-phakathi (UZL NC 2) pie haul up, heave up, lever up, hitch up, take up pha… phakathi – inside, in, into, right in phacaza / dacaza (isenzo / verb) drop (2) between; amongst something mushy, make something phakela (isenzo / verb) dish out for slushy to fall on the floor phakisa (isenzo / verb) help with dishing phaceka / bhanda / nameka (isenzo / out verb) paste, stick, phakela (isenzo / verb) dish out for phacaka / bacaka (isenzo / verb) fall flat …phakeme high; elevated; tall phahla / kaka / beka phakathi phakisa (isenzo / verb) help with dishing nendawo (isenzo / verb) be in the middle, out be central, be at the centre, be in the phala / hwaya / khucula middle, be mid, be mean, be medium, sakuhwaya / khucula sakuphala be medial, be median, be midway, be (isenzo / verb) scrape, abrade, grate, sand, halfway, be equidistant 195
sandpaper, scour, scratch, rub, file, fallacy, make a gaffe, be guilty of rasp. misapprehension, have phalala / nyamala / shabalala (isenzo misconception, misread, / verb) disappear, vanish, evaporate, misapprehend dissipate, disperse, fade, fade away, phambuka / lahleka / duka (isenzo / melt away (2) phalala / ifa / shona verb) get lost, go stray, be off target / phangalala (isenzo / verb) die, cease to phambuka / phaphalaza / geja exist (isenzo / verb) be off target, miss the phalaza / hlanza / buyisa / target, be off line gonyuluka / yokoza (isenzo / verb) vomit, phana / iba nesandla sokudla (isenzo throw up, / verb) give, be generous, be giving, phambana / hlanya / hanjelwa have a big heart ikhanda / kuthi zula /ukungezwa phanda / gubha / vukuza / mushini (isenzo / verb) be mad, be insane, qhwanda / imba (isenzo / verb) mentally ill, certifiable, be not in investigate, dig, ascertain, (2) dig (3) one’s senses, be delirious, be take chances psychotic, be deranged, be phandisisa / gubhisisa / vukuzisa demented, be of unsound mind, be / qhwandisisa (isenzo / verb) dig deep, sick upstairs, be crazy, be lunatic, be dig thoroughly unbalanced, be unhinged, be phandela / gubhisa / vukuzela / unstable, be disturbed, be frenzied, qhwandela (isenzo / verb) dig for phambanisa / shintshanisa / phandwa / gujwa / mbiwa / phithanisa (isenzo / verb) be made to lose qhwanda / phenywa (isenzo / verb) be one’s sanity investigated phambanisa / phithanisa / phanga / gimba / fuqa (isenzo / verb) xovaxova (isenzo / verb) confuse, mix up, gobble, eat greedily, eat hungrily, muddle up, confound; misinterpret guzzle, bolt, gulp, swallow hurriedly, as, mistake for, take for devour, wolf, cram, gorge phambili (insizasenzo / adverb) forward, in phangisa / shesha/ phuthuma / front, before, precede, prefix, (2) khawuleza / sheshisa (isenzo / verb) be ahead, forwards, onwards, onward, fast, be swift, be quick, be efficient, on, further (3) towards the front, phanse / cishe almost, nearly, just frontwards, out, forth, into view, into about, about, more or less, the open, into public notice, into practically, virtually, all but prominence. (4) onward, onwards, phansi down, on the floor, on, forth, forwards; for ever, into downstairs, eternity; until now (4) phambilini / phanyaza / khanyisa / layitha (isenzo kudala /enkathini edlule / verb) flicker, flick, switch on indicator historically, previously, formerly, lights earlier, earlier on, before, in the past, phanyeka /lengisa (isenzo / verb) hang, in days gone by, in years gone by, in decorate, dislay (name tag), (2) times gone by, in bygone days, execute by hanging, hang by the phambuka / enza iphutha / enza neck, send to the gallows, (3) hang ngengozi (isenzo / verb) make an error, to dry up commit fault, be inaccurate, omit phaqaza / phoqoza / qhumisa / critical information, slip, blunder, qhephula (isenzo / verb) crack, bang, miscalculate, misunderstand, flaw, report, explosion, detonation, clap, oversight, misinterpret, commit a 196
pop, snap, crackle, knock, tap, clash, phazamiseka / xakaniseka / crash, smash, smack xoveka-umoya (isenzo / verb) be upset, phaphalaza / nhlanhlatha / be angry, be confused, phambuka (isenzo / verb) miss, fail to hit, be astray, be wide of, go wide of, fall aphe… short of, be off target, aphezulu the ones on top phaphaza / thathaza (isenzo / verb) wave, ephe… phaphazela / xhamuzela / tatazela ephekayo the cooking one., the one (isenzo / verb) be confused, be dazed, be that is cooking sedated, be numb, be semi conscious, ephelayo the finishing one., the one be semi blind, that is getting finished phasha / phaphatheka / hwaqabala / gqungqa (isenzo / verb) iphe… fade, be dull, become bleached, iphekulazikhuni (UZL NC 2)/ become washed out, lose colour, usikhuniphambana (UZL NC 1.1)/ decolour, decolorize, discolour; dull, umudlwembe (UZL NC 1.2)/ isilwi (UZL NC dim, grow dull, grow dim, 5)/ isigayigayi (UZL NC 5)/ idelakufa (UZL phathaza / phumputha / funa- NC 2) a terrorist, bomber, arsonist, funa (isenzo / verb) search by touching incendiary; gunman, assassin, phatheka / zehlise / hlonipha- desperado; hijacker; revolutionary, abakuphethe (isenzo / verb) be radical, guerrilla governable, be controllable, accept to iphela (UZL NC 2)/ isinambuzane (UZL NC be led, follow the leader, 5)/ ikokoroshe (UZL NC 2) a cockroach, phatheka-kabi / hlukumezeka / a scavenger, dumala / phoxeka / xoveka- iphepha (UZL NC 2) paper umoya (isenzo / verb) feel bad, be iphephabhala (UZL NC 2) writing pad; saddened, despair, feel disillusioned, examination pad be hurt iphephabhuku (UZL NC 2)/ imagazini phatheka-kahle / thaba / jabula (UZL NC 6) magazine (isenzo / verb) receive warm reception, be iphephandaba (UZL NC 2)/ happy, inyuziphepha (UZL NC 6) newspaper phathwa (isenzo / verb) be ruled, be under (ii) iphephasivivinyo / iphepha-someone’s control, be under kuhlolwa (UZLNC 2) examination paper someone’s mercy, be a subject, be (iii) igazethi (UZLNC 6)/ subjugated, ezikahulumeni (UZLNC 9)/ iphepha phaxaza / daxaza / gxigxisa (isenzo / lamathenda nezindaba verb) drop something soaking wet zikahulumeni government gazette phazama / phambuka (isenzo / verb) be (iv) iphephakhiqizolwazi (UZLNC 2) / mistaken, make a mistake, make an ingcithabuchopho (UZLNC 6) scholarly error, commit a blunder, or academic paper, theorectical phazamisa (isenzo / verb) disturb, paper, an opinion paper, an essay, a interrupt, intrude on, butt in on, critic, a review, a research proposal, barge in on; distract, interfere with, a research outcome paper disrupt, bother, trouble, pester, iphezulu / ikwelenyoni (UZL NC 2)/ plague, harass, isicongo (UZL NC 5) top, summit, peak, pinnacle, crest, crown, brow, brink, ridge, head, highest point 197
= give or make a donation of, ophe… contribute (2) help someone to cook ophephile / ovikelekile (UZL NC 1.1) the phela / qeda / phiphitha (isenzo / verb) protected one complete, end, conclude, close, bring ophekiwe / ophekisisiwe (UZL NC 1.1)/ to a conclusion, bring to an end, impoqabulungu (UZL NC 6)/ phelela / qedela / phiphitha / umukhovu (UZL NC 1.2)/ phetha / goqa (isenzo / verb) conclude, ukhukhunathi (UZL NC 1.1) the finish, end, (check phela / qeda) indoctrinated one, ‘the coconut’, the phelelisa / qedela(isenzo / verb) cause to brainwashed one, the propagandized finish, (check phela / qeda) one, the proselytized one , the phema / cwala-zinwele (isenzo / verb) inculcated one, the assimilated one; perm one’s hair, relax one’s hair the one black on the outside and phemba / qalisa-umulilo (isenzo / verb) white in the inside make a fire, start a fire phemba / sugula / qalisa / qamba uphe… (isenzo / verb) initiate, begin, start off, uphethikheshi (UZL NC 1.1) petty -cash commence, usher in; institute, uphethiroli (UZL NC 1.1) petrol inaugurate, put in place, launch, phefumula (isenzo / verb) breathe, inhale open, instigate, bring about, set in and exhale, respire, draw breath; motion, trigger off, actuate; establish, puff, pant, blow, gasp, wheeze, phembela (isenzo / verb) initiate for inspire, expire, suspire (2) speak; air someone, originate for someone ones view phenduka / guquka / shintsha (isenzo / verb) change, transform for better or phe… worse (2) repent, feel remorse for, phehla / goqoza / govuza / shaya regret, be sorry for, rue, reproach (isenzo / verb) whip, stir, mix, blend, oneself for, be ashamed of, feel agitate; beat, whip, whisk, fold in; contrite about, (3) convert, change, pheka / beka ibhodwe eziko = turn, transform, metamorphose, cook, prepare, make, get, put transfigure, transmute, translate, together; bake; fix, knock up, rustle transmogrify, permute up phendula (isenzo / verb) respond, answer, pheka / akha-isu / bonda (isenzo / verb) reply to, say something in response plan, scheme, arrange, organize, lay, to; acknowledge, greet, counter hatch, concoct, devise, frame, think phendla / akha (isenzo / verb) generate, up, dream up, cook up, brew, produce, create, design, make, conceive.(2) conspire, scheme, fabricate, fashion, manufacture, participate in a conspiracy, intrigue, build, construct, erect, do, turn out; collude, connive, manoeuvre; rare bring into being, originate, invent, machinate, cabal, complot.(3) mark, phendlela / akhela (isenzo / verb) create chart, map, indicate, represent, for, generate for, manipulate graph. processes to make way for, phekela (isenzo / verb) cook for phepha / vikeleka (isenzo / verb) be safe, phekisa / nikela / faka-isandla be secure, be risk free, be free from (isenzo / verb) contribute, donate money attacks, be protected from or groceries towards the burial, harm/danger, shielded, sheltered, marriage or any significant event of phephela (isenzo / verb) find refuge at fellow neighbor, relative or associate 198
phephetha / vuthela (isenzo / verb) blow, brow, brink, ridge, head, highest exhale, breathe out, puff out, emit, point/part, mountaintop, tip, apex, expel, discharge, give out, issue, send vertex, acme, apogee forth (5) wheeze, puff, pant, puff and pant, gasp, huff and puff, breathe aphi… hard or heavily, fight for breath, Aphikise. Disagree with them. catch one's breath. Aphindisele. Return them back phephisa /dlulisa / xola (isenzo / verb) ephikayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one forgive, excuse, overlook, disregard, who is disagreeable ignore, pass over, make allowances ephilweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / for, allow; condone, let go, from the pillow case phephuka / phephula (isenzo / verb) iphika (UZL NC 2) / isifubamoya (UZL NC 5) wither, wilt, become limp, droop, breathing problem, shortness of fade; shrivel (up), dry up; die, breath, asthma perish(2) Amandla akhe iphikankani (UZL NC 2)/ ukhandashisa aphephuka nemimoya /His power / ukhandalumutshelokwakhe / had withered in the storms = wasted, umaziphathe (UZL NC 2) a stubborn diminished, finished, taken away, person, an obstinate person, a become shrunken, shrivel up; headstrong person, willful person, atrophy, decay, dwindle, shrink, self absorbed person lessen, fade, iphiko (UZL NC 2) a wing, a chicken wing phephula (isenzo / verb) blow away (plural = amaphiko) pheqa / phenya (isenzo / verb) turn-over, iphilisi (UZL NC 2) pill, capsule, lozenge, turn to the next page caplet, pastille, pellet, drop, ball; pheqela (isenzo / verb) turn over for informal tab; rare jujube, bolus, phequla / phequlula (isenzo / verb) troche, search, dig, look everywhere, dig iphilo (UZL NC 2)/ isikwama-deep, somuqamelo (UZL NC 5) pillow case phetha / goqa / phinda / vala / iphimbo (UZL NC 2)/ umuphimbo (UZL NC fingqa / fongqa (isenzo / verb) fold, 1.2)/ izwi (UZL NC 2) throat, gullet, enfold, wrap, wrap up, envelop; take, oesophagus; windpipe, trachea, crop, gather, clasp, squeeze, clutch, craw, maw, neck, pharynx, embrace, hug, cuddle, cradle, oropharynx, throttle, gorge (2) a embosom, strain (2) make it brief, voice, expression, utterance, pheza / phezisa / khawula / yeka verbalization, vocalization, airing, / ima (isenzo / verb) stop, terminate, speech channel suspend, thwart, cease, discontinue, iphini / isekela (UZL NC 2) a deputy, a refrain from, desist from, forbear vice, a second in command, second, from, break off, call a halt to, call it a number two, subordinate day; give up, abandon, abstain from, iphinifa (UZL NC 2) an apron, pinafore, cut out; overall, dress for African women, a phezisa / misa / nqanda / wrap-around …ngaqhubeki (isenzo / verb) stop, bring iphixiphixi (UZL NC 2)/ inhlebi (UZL NC 6)/ to a halt, discountinue, cease umamuGobhozi (UZL NC 1.1) phezu… on, supported by, resting scandalmonger, gossipmonger, on, in contact with. tattler, tittle-tattler, busybody, phezulu above, up there, on top, muckraker, the one who bad-mouths summit, peak, pinnacle, crest, crown, 199
ophi… phikisa / chitha (isenzo / verb) ophikweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / to / contradict, repudiate, gainsay, from the branch declare untrue, dissent from, disagree with, challenge, contest, uphi… oppose; retract uphiko (UZL NC 3)/ igatsha /isebe (UZL NC phikisile opposed, objected 2) a branch, a local structure, a league, phikiswa (isenzo / verb) be opposed by a division, subdivision, section, phikiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) opposed by subsection, department, sector, part, phikiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) denied side, wing; area, sphere, discipline, phikwa / aliwa (isenzo / verb) be denied, field, office, bureau, agency; affiliate, be rejected subsidiary, offshoot, satellite; phila / idla anhlamvana (isenzo / verb) chapter, lodge. live, be healthy, be alive, be living, be uphithi (UZL NC 3)/ izimpithi (UZL NC 9) a active, be alive and well, thin African hair plait, an African hair phila / lulama / iba ngcono (isenzo / style, verb) get better, improve, make better, ameliorate, raise, phi… philela (isenzo / verb) live for, be alive for, phica / khohlisa / lahlekisa / exist for, be healthy for, be active for dukisa (isenzo / verb) deceive, delude, philile / …nempilo / …phile saka hoodwink, mislead, take in, dupe, (isiphawulo / adjective) well, fine, great, fool, double-cross, cheat, defraud, healthy (2) philile / ngcono better swindle philisa / lapha / sindisa / lulamisa phicaphica / dlalisa / teketisa (isenzo / nyanga (isenzo / verb) heal, make / verb) joke, tell a story, narrate a better, make well, cure, treat folktale story, tell a fictitious story to successfully, restore to health, get children, tell jokes, crack jokes, jest, someone back on their feet, banter, quip; philisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) been healed, phiciza / pitshiza / facaza / cifiza / been made better fahlaza (isenzo / verb) crush, squash, philiswa be healed by something or smash, squeeze, press, compress; someone, be made alive by pulp, mash, something or someone phihliza / phahlaza / shaya (isenzo / phimisa / isho (isenzo / verb) emit, let verb) hit, strike, slap, smack, cuff, out, give, utter, produce, give vent to, punch, beat, thrash, thump, batter, issue, come out with, breathe (2) phika / qandula / shaya phansi voice, express, put into words, speak, ngonyawo (isenzo / verb) say no, deny, say, deliver, sound, mouth, breathe, reject, object, dismiss, refuse to articulate, pronounce, enunciate, accept, veto, renounce, take back, verbalize, vocalize, state, declare. back-pedal; disprove, debunk, phinda / enza futhi / shono futhi / explode, discredit, refute, isho futhi (isenzo / verb) repeat, say again, phikela (isenzo / verb) deny for (check restate, reiterate, go through again, phika above) (2) do again, redo, replicate, phikelela / qhubeka (isenzo / verb) duplicate, perform again.(3) persevere, persist, continue, carry rebroadcast, rerun, reshow, replay on, go on, keep on, keep going, insist, (4) phinda / fongqa fold stand firm, be unfazed phinde/ soze / ngeke / lutho phikile denied, rejected (insizamuqondo / adverb) never, at no time, not 200
at any time, not ever, not once, on no phithanisa / xabanisa / occasion, hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) entangle, phindela / buyela (isenzo / verb) go back, intertwine come back, get back, arrive back, phithene / xabane / hlangene arrive home, come home (2) (isiphawulo / adjective) entangled, intertwined phindela / fongqela fold for phithiza / fukuza / sebenza (isenzo / phindelela / phikelela / enza- verb) be busy, be occupied, be njalonjalo /enza imihla involved, be engaged, be concerned, namalanga / enza izinsuku zonke work hard, work, be employed, be / enza izikhathi zonke (isenzo / verb) do absorbed, be engrossed, be repeatedly, do frequently, action immersed, be preoccupied (2) consistently, do again and again, phithiza / xakeka / tatazela (isenzo / phindelile (isiphawulo / adjective) went back verb) be restless, be uneasy, be restive, phindisa / phindisela be fidgety, be edgy, be tense, be /phindelisela / buyisela (isenzo / verb) worked-up, be nervous, be agitated, return, give back, send back, hand be anxious, be keyed-up, be back, take back, carry back; pay back, apprehensive, be unquiet, be-repay, remit (2) cause to repeat (3) impatient phindisa / fongqisa help someone phithizela / minyana (isenzo / verb) be to fold busy (2) be teeming, be swarming, phindisela / buyisela-emumva be thronged, be populous, be (isenzo / verb) take it back overpopulated, be over peopled, be phindiselela / ziphindiselele / busy, be congested, be cramped zibuyiselele (isenzo / verb) revenge; phixiza / hleba (isenzo / verb) gossip, avenge, retaliate, reprise, redress, spread rumours, spread gossip, phindiseliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) taken circulate rumours, spread stories (2) back phixiza / ngcolisa / xhaphazisa phinga / feba / qonywa kaningi (isenzo / verb) cause a mess, be disorderly, (isenzo / verb) cheat , commit adultery, be dirty, cause filth, smear, be untidy, unfaithful, stray, be untrue, be cause muddy conditions, be filthy inconstant, be false; have more than sexual partners, play away, play ipho…. around iphoyisa (UZL NC 2), unomungqayi , phingisa / febisa (isenzo / verb) make one umuqaphi (UZL NC 1.1) a police, a guard, to cheat a law enforcement agent, a police phingela / febela (isenzo / verb) cheat on officer = (plural = amaphoyisa / phingile / febile (isiphawulo / adjective) police) cheated phinki (isiphawulo / adjective) pink upho… phipha / sula (isenzo / verb) wipe, clean, uphongoza / undabazabantu / sponge, swap umamuGobhozi (UZL NC 1.1) someone phiphela / sulela (isenzo / verb) wipe for, who talks too much, a talkative, a clean for, sponge for, swap for gossiper, sensationalist phiphitha / qeda / gogoda / uphozo (UZL NC 1.1) lone standing-phelisa (isenzo / verb) finish, end, object, lone standing person when all conclude, bring to a conclusion, others are sitting (plural = ophozo) finalize, wind up, consummate, bring to fruition; crown, cap 201
uphopho (UZL NC 1.1) a pawpaw, phosisa / phonsisa / khohlisa / papaya (plural = ophopho / paw- qamba amanga / senga ezimithiyo paws) (isenzo / verb) lie, be untruthful, present Uphoqiwe…. (UZL NC 1.1) She / He was false statement, fabricate, make up, forced (check phoqa below) photha / luka (isenzo / verb) plait form phokophela / phikelela / qhubeka into a plait such as hair, decorate / iya phambili (isenzo / verb) persevere , hair by means of plaiting it (2) plait don’t give up, persist, continue, or make a grass mat, straw mat, carry on, go on, keep on, something out of plaited ropes phola / shaywa umoya (isenzo / verb) be phothela (isenzo / verb) plait for chilly, enjoy breeze; feel cold; be phothisa (isenzo / verb) help someone to fresh, be crisp, refreshing, plait invigorating, bracing, brisk; phothula / qeda / gcina (isenzo / verb) unheated, draughty, finish, complete, end, conclude, bring pholela (isenzo / verb) cool down for to a conclusion, finalize, wind up, pholisa / thoba amanxeba (isenzo / verb) consummate, bring to fruition; make better, (2) cool down phoxa / phula umoya / hlaza (isenzo / phongoza / khulumela futhi (isenzo / verb) embarrass, shame, humiliate, verb) talk too much, be chatty, be make ashamed, demean, abash; loquacious, be garrulous, be gossipy mortify, horrify, appall, make one phonsa / jikijela (isenzo / verb) throw, uncomfortable, make awkward, pass, kick, hit, head, lob, loft phoxeka / phulwa umoya (isenzo / verb) phonseka / gulukudela (isenzo / verb) be embarrassed (check phoxa above) slip into the hole; fall, drop, drop phoxekisa / hlazisa (isenzo / verb) cause down, plummet, descend (2) go in an embarrassment, (check phoxa without knocking above) phonsela / nikezela (isenzo / verb) throw phoxwa be embarrassed by, be at / to, pass; kick at , hit at, head at, dressed down by, be vilified by lob at , loft at phoza / thwebulwa (isenzo / verb) pose phonselwa have something thrown to have one’s image taken or at one recorded phonsisa / khuluma amanga / phozisa / pholisa / phephisa / qamba amanga lie, tell lies nxese (isenzo / verb) be regretful, be phophotha / cwala (isenzo / verb) apply sorry, be apologetic; show remorse, make-up, beautify, prettify, phozisa / pheza / gcina / glamorize, prink, primp, …ngaphinde (isenzo / verb) end cease, phophoza / opha (isenzo / verb) bleed, discontinue, refrain from, desist (2) lose blood, haemorrhage, cry tears, finish, conclude, terminate, end, phoqa / enzisa ngenkani (isenzo / verb) discontinue force, compel, coerce, make, constrain, oblige, impel, drive, iphu… necessitate, pressurize, push; exert iphulo / isamanisi (UZL NC 2) summon force on, iphunga / ivumba (UZL NC 2)/ phoqelela (isenzo / verb) enforce, compel ukunuka (UZL NC 4) smell, odour, whiff, (2) insist, persist, demand aroma, fragrance, scent, perfume, phoqoza / phula (isenzo / verb) break, redolence squash, crush, trample, smash, iphupho (UZL NC 2) a dream, a smash to smithereens, nightmare, a fantasy, a vision, 202
iphuphu / ichwane (UZL NC 2) fledgling, young bird iphuphuza / iqhubu / ipatshazi / phula / bulala (isenzo / verb) break ipinayi (UZL NC 2) a pimple, swelling something, shatter, smash, smash to iphutha (UZL NC 2)/ ingozi (UZL NC 6)/ smithereens, crack, snap, fracture, isigwegwe (UZL NC 5) a mistake, error, fragment, splinter fault, inaccuracy, omission, slip, phule broke something blunder, miscalculation, phulile broken something misunderstanding, flaw, oversight, phulela (isenzo / verb) break for iphuzu (UZL NC 2)/ umuqondo / phulula / phathaphatha (isenzo / verb) umubono / umucabango (UZL NC 1.2) a fondle, fiddle; brush, massage, press point, a view, a perspective, an lightly, tap, pat, nudge, prod, poke; opinion, outlook, a thought, an idea feel, stroke, rub, phulwa (isenzo / verb) be broken uphu… phuliwe has been broken uphuthu (UZL NC 3)/ uzolo (UZL NC 3) phuma (isenzo / verb) get out, leave, phutu, dry porridge escape uphuzo (UZL NC 3)/ isiphuzo (UZL NC 5) phumela-obala / caca / qantsha drink e.g. juice, liquor (isenzo / verb) come out in the open, be clear, speak straight, make public, phu… reveal, make known, divulge, tell, phuca / gunda / shefa (isenzo / verb) impart, communicate, pass on, shave phumelela (isenzo / verb) succeed, phuca / hlwitha / thatha (isenzo / verb) triumph, be victorious, achieve take, grab, seize, grasp, snatch, seize success, be successful, be a success, hold of do well, make good, prosper, phucula / khanyisela / enza flourish, thrive, advance, make it, ngcono (isenzo / verb) civilize, enlighten, phumelele (isiphawulo / adjective) succeeded edify, educate, instruct, refine, phumelelisa (isenzo / verb) enable cultivate, polish, sophisticate, phumula / goba-amadlangala (isenzo socialize, humanize; improve, better / verb) rest, relax, take a rest, slow phucuka / khanyiseleka / iba down, pause, have a break ngcono (isenzo / verb) be civilized, be phumuza / shayisa umoya / enlightened, be educated, be thatha umoya (isenzo / verb) give rest, cultivated, live a better life, be street cause to relax, rest something, don’t wise, be urbanized, overuse phuka / phula / bulala / ifa (isenzo / phunga / hhabula / habula (isenzo / verb) be broken, be shattered, be verb) drink, swallow, sip, drink slowly, fractured, be smashed, be crushed, phungula / ehlisa (isenzo / verb) reduce, be in pieces lessen, decrease, lower phuke be broke phungulela (isenzo / verb) reduce for, take phukile be broken something from a portion for phukiswe be broken by another phukula / thukuthela /dinwa / phunyuka / eqa/ dedeleka / ngxama / bila (isenzo / verb) be angry, be phuma emulonyeni wengwenya / irate, annoyed, cross, vexed, sinda (isenzo / verb) escape, get away, get irritated, exasperated, indignant, out, run away, run off, break-out, aggrieved, irked, break free, get free, break loose, phunyuka / dedeleka / zishiyele (isenzo / verb) lose control, unintentional, 203
by mistake, free accidentally, loosen phuthisa / lovisa (isenzo / verb) cause inadvertently one to be absent phunyuka/ dedeleka (isenzo / verb) phuthuka / vuthuka / shunqa (isenzo loose control, do something / verb) be dusty, be powdery, be accidentally, commit something crumbly, be chalky, be friable, be unintentionally e.g. Ubengaqondile granulated, be granular, be gritty, be ukuyikhipha lena imfihlo uye sandy, be smoky, be mucky, be fumy waphunyuka / S/he had not phuthuma / khawuleza / shesha / intended to disclose this secret s/he gijima (isenzo / verb) hurry, be fast, be had just lost the filter = having no swift, be rapid, be speedy, be on control of one’s speech high-speed, be expeditious; be brisk, phupha / boniswa / iba lively kwelamathongo (isenzo / verb) dream, phuthumisa / sheshisa / gijimisa have a dream, have dreams, have a (isenzo / verb) send something to another nightmare,(2) fantasize, daydream; swiftly, bring something , be fast, be wish for, hope for, long for, yearn for, swift hunger for, hanker after (3) think, phuthuza / phuthaza / consider, contemplate, conceive, bhekabheka (isenzo / verb) search, hunt, entertain the thought of, visualize (4) look, explore, forage, fish about phupha/ bothoka / guga / phuza / natha / gwinca / qabula hlafazeka be wasted, be ravaged, be (isenzo / verb) drink, have something desolate, be ruined, be destroyed, orally administered, swallow, gulp wretched; be dull (5) phupha / down, quaff, swill, guzzle, (2) drink gqungqa / hwaqabala / alcohol, take alcohol, tipple, indulge, lahlekelwa umubala (isenzo / verb) lose be a serious drinker, be an alcoholic colour; dull, fade, subdue, mute, phuza / shiywa isikhathi / toned down; be washed out onakalelwa isikhathi / (fika phuphela (isenzo / verb) dream for emumva kwesikhathi esibekiwe) phuphisa (isenzo / verb) be cause to (isenzo / verb) be late, be delayed, be dream by (2) age prematurely behind time, be behind schedule, because of … (3) make it fade, make behind, be behindhand it dull, make it lose colour phuzisa / nathisa / gwincisa / phuphuma / chitheka / chichima qabulisa (isenzo / verb) administer (isenzo / verb) overflow, spill over, flow something liquid orally over, run over, brim over phuphumela / chithekela (isenzo / verb) overflow on to something, spill over something …q… phuphumelwa isisu / phuphunyelwa isisu (isenzo / verb) have eqa… a miscarriage, have stillbirth eqa / gqashula/ phunyuka / phuphumisa (isenzo / verb) cause to jomba (isenzo / verb) escape, get away, get overflow out, run away, run off, break out, phutha / lova (isenzo / verb) be absent, break free, get free, break loose, be away from school, be away, be off, eqandayo / ebandayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC be out, be not present 10) a cold one, a freezing cold one, phuthelwa (isenzo / verb) miss out eqatha (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) an elevated one eqathakayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the falling one 204
qa… iqa… qabula (isenzo / verb) kiss iqaba (UZL NC 2)/ inqaba (UZL NC 6) qagela / linganisela / illiterate person, uncivilised person, hlawumbisela / funisela (isenzo / verb) a non-conformist, a traditionalist, a guess, estimate, hypothesise, conservative person postulate, speculate iQadi (UZL NC 2) praise name for the qagula / gagula / neka / ndlala –Ngcobo surname or clan obala (isenzo / verb) disclose , reveal, iqambo / igama / ibizo (UZL NC 2)/ divulge, expose isethiwo (UZL NC 5) name, noun, title, qala /qamba / sungula (isenzo / verb) designation,, identification originate, establish, institute, initiate, iqanda (UZL NC 2) egg inaugurate, introduce, set up, found, iqaqa / ivumba (UZL NC 2)/ isishiphi lay the foundations of, lay the (UZL NC 5)/ umusuzo (UZL NC 1.2) cornerstone of, launch (ukunuka-okubi, iphunga-elibi) qalaza / bheka / bheka macala foul smell, stench, stink, bad smell, onke (isenzo / verb) look about, be reek, miasma, effluvium vigilant, be wide awake, have one’s iqashana (UZL NC 2) small piece of meat eyes wide open iqatha (UZL NC 2) piece of meat qaleka / bawa /bawekela (isenzo / verb) crave, long for, yearn for, hunger for, oqa… thirst for, dream of, aspire to, seek, oqambayo / umuqambi / qalekile (isiphawulo / adjective) suffering umusunguli (UZL NC 1.1) the one from craving creating qalekisa / fungela kabi / bizela oqatha (UZL NC 1.1) the strong and firm amabhadi namashwa (isenzo / verb) one curse, wish someone evil, execrate, oqaqayo (UZL NC 1.1) the one who is imprecate, hoodoo; anathematize, untangling something, the one excommunicate, damn undoing something qalekisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) cursed oqaqekile (UZL NC 1.1) the loose one, the qalekiswa / ofungelwe kabi / unsecure one bizelwa amabhadi namashwa (isenzo oqavile (UZL NC 1.1) the prominent one / verb) be afflicted with, be troubled by, be plagued with, suffer from, be uqa… burdened with, be blighted with, be uqalo (UZL NC 3) a bamboo bedeviled Uqamba amanga. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) qalela / sungulela (isenzo / verb) start S/he is telling lies. ; You are telling for, create for, originate for lies. qalisa (isenzo / verb) start something, Uqanda. (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) It is create something yellow. ; It is egg-yellow. qamba / sungula / qalisa / uqanduqandu (UZL NC 3)/ (isililo qhamuka nento entsha (isenzo / verb) esikhulu) loud cries, loud create, establish, institute, initiate, lamentation inaugurate, introduce, activate, uqathaqatha (UZL NC 3)/ originate, pioneer, organize, ubuqathaqatha (UZL NC 8.2) falling mastermind, embark on, make a objects at similar time, falling of start on, tackle, set about phenomena 205
qamba-amanga / kokotela / qashelwa (isenzo / verb) be watched gunyatha (isenzo / verb) tell lies, create (check qapha above) stories, fabricate, falsify, forge qashiwe (isiphawulo / adjectives) protected qambela (isenzo / verb) create for, (2) hired institute for qashwa (isenzo / verb) be protected, (2) qambela amanga (isenzo / verb) lie for, be hired, be employed, be given a job tell lies against someone offer, qambelwa amanga / qanjelwa qhatha / zimukile (isiphawulo / adjective) amanga / sukelwa / bhecwa hefty, weighty, well-built ngobubende inyama ungayidlanga qathaka / iwa (isenzo / verb) fall from (isenzo / verb) be lied against, have lies above told against you qathazeka (isenzo / verb) the act of falling qanda / choboka (isenzo / verb) be fragile from above or top qanda / banda (isiphawulo / adjective) be qava / velela / bonakala (isenzo / verb) cold be prominent, be significant, be qandula / memeza (isenzo / verb) shout, notable yell, cry, cry out qapha /gada / vikela (isenzo / verb) aqe… guard, beware, keep under Aqeqeshiwe. (UZL NC 7) They have been surveillance, protect, stand guard trained. over qaphela / nakekela / bhekisisa eqe… (isenzo / verb) be careful, be warned, eqeleni (undaweni / locative) in the open warning, notice, watch out, be veld vigilant, beware of, keep watch for, be alert to, take care for iqe… qaphisa / gadisa / vikisa (isenzo / verb) iqeku / inkonyane / ithole (UZL NC 2) guard for calf qaqa / khulula / khumula / iqele (UZL NC 2)/ inkangala (UZL NC 6)/ gqashula / qhephula (isenzo / verb) ipaneka (UZL NC 2) an open veld, (2) undo; unfasten, unchain, unbutton, hillside, slope, hidden side unhook, untie, unlace; unbind, iqeleshu (UZL NC 2)/ umukhohlisi (UZL unfetter NC 1.2) a deceitful person qaqeka / khululeka (isenzo / verb) be iqembuka / ihlubuka (UZL NC 2) a free, feel free, have a sense of dissident, dissenter, objector, comfort, (2) loosen, become slack, protester, disputant; freethinker slacken, become loose, let go, unbind, iqensi (UZL NC 2) cashew-nut ease, relax iqeqeba / idlanzana / iqenjana (UZL qaqekile (isiphawulo / adjectives) was undone, NC 2) a small group of people, a faction, was loosened division, section, clique, qaqile (isiphawulo / adjectives) have or had iqembu (UZL NC 2)/ isigejane (UZL NC 5) a been undone group, a branch, a breakaway group qanjwa / ethiwa / nikezwa ibizo iqembu (UZL NC 2)/ inhlangano (UZL NC (isenzo / verb) be named, be given a name, 6)/ umubuthwano (UZL NC 1.2) (check qamba above) organisation, structure, body qasha / quba (isenzo / verb) rent, hire, lease, charter, occupy temporarily, oqe… live in temporarily, take, employ oqeqeshiwe (UZL NC 1.1 ) the trained one 206
oqembukile (UZL NC 1.1) the defected Iqi… one, the break-away one iqili (UZL NC 2)/ ugalakajane (UZL NC 1.1)/ umugulukudu (UZL NC 1.2) rogue; uqe… scoundrel, villain, reprobate, rascal uqekethe / uqekethu (UZL NC 3) hard- iqiniso (UZL NC 2)/ uqobo (UZL NC 3) truth, spot, hard, uninhabitable land, fact, veracity, truthfulness, verity, unsuitable for living in sincerity, candour, honesty, genuineness; gospel, gospel truth; qe… accuracy, correctness, rightness, qeda / gogotha / phothula (isenzo / verb) validity, factualness, factuality, finish, complete, end, conclude, close, authenticity (i) iqiniso elimusulwa bring to a conclusion, bring to an (elim’sulwa) – absolute truth (ii) end, bring to a close, consummate, iqiniso elingenakuphikwa / finalize, iqiniso elimusulwa (elim’sulwa) – qedane / maqede (insizamuqondo / adverb) undisputable truth, absolute truth, soon, then, as soon as, soon matter of fact, tested truth, empirical thereafter evidence, compelling truth (iii) qedela / phetha /phothula (isenzo / iqiniso liyababa = truth can be verb) fill in, complete, fill in the bitter missing spaces, finish off qedisa (isenzo / verb) help to finish oqi… qekelele / khimilili (isenzukuthi / ideophone) oqimbile / onqunu (UZL NC 1.1) the half standing independently, all alone in naked one, the naked one, the one isolation, without clothes on qembuka / hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) oqinile / ophaphile (UZL NC 1.1) the become divided, become disunited, bullish one, branch out, cut ties, separate, oqiniselayo / obekezelayo (UZL NC 1.1) disunite, disconnect, disjoin, isolate, the persevering one disengage qeqebula (isenzo / verb) speak with ease, uqi… be eloquent, speak persuasively, talk uqimba (UZL NC 3) fold, corrugation, expressively, undulation, wave qeqesha / fundisa / thwasisa (isenzo / uqimbana (UZL NC 3) ripple, wavelet, verb) train, nurture, prepare, instruct, wave, undulation, ridge, crease, teach, coach, tutor; educate; up-skill, wrinkle, ruffle, pucker. qeqeshwa / fundiswa / thwasiswa uqinta (UZL NC 3)/ ivila (UZL NC 2) idler, (isenzo / verb) be trained, be taught, be lazy person nurtured, be coached, be tutored uqitholo / udwendwe (UZL NC 3) long qethuka / goba / bheka-phezulu / row of people standing abreast lala-ngesiphundu (isenzo / verb) fall over backward, bend backward qi… qibila / fukula / phakamisa (isenzo / aqi… verb) lift up something heavy, raise, Aqile. (UZL NC 7) Trick them.; Defraud hoist, heave, haul up, uplift, heft, them.; boost, elevate, thrust, hold high Eqile. (UZL NC 7) They have escaped. (2) qikelela / qaphela (isenzo / verb) pay They are above measure. attention to detail, be vigilant, have a watchful eye, be alert, be wide 207
awake, be watchful, be cautious, be monkey, mischievous person, mindful; be careful mischief-maker, a scoundrel qimba / iba nqunu (isenzo / verb) be iqolo (UZL NC 2) lumbar, lower back naked, be half-naked, be not fully iqoma (UZL NC 2)/ ubhasikidi (UZL NC 1.1) a clothed, have transparent clothing woven basket, receptacle, container, qina qinelwa (isenzo / verb) be taken holder, vessel, box, case; wickerwork advantage of box, hamper, creel, pannier, punnet be strong, (2) be powerful, be iqoqo / iqembu (UZL NC 2) a group, a muscular, be brawny (2) harden, small crowd, a body of people, a solidify company, a troupe, an assembly, an qinela / phaphela qinelwa (isenzo / assemblage, a gathering, a throng, a verb) be taken advantage of crew (2) set, series, array, take advantage of, bully, persecute, assortment. oppress, tyrannize, torment, (3) anthology, selection, qinile (isenzo / verb) hard compendium, treasury, compilation, qinelwa (isenzo / verb) be taken miscellany, miscellanea, collected advantage of works, garland, analects qinisa (isenzo / verb) tighten, make it iqoqwana (UZL NC 2)/ isigejane (UZL NC 5) harder, stiffen, reinforce a group of few people qinisela / bekezela (isenzo / verb) iqotho (UZL NC 2) knuckle persist, be stoical, persevere, exercise patience, endure, be brave oqo… qiniseka / nakekela / qinisekisa / oqondile (UZL NC 1.1. or UZL NC 1.2) the qhaphelisisa (isenzo / verb) ensure, make straight one sure, make certain, see to it, secure, oqoqekile (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the guarantee, warrant, certify, clinch, organized one confirm, check, verify, corroborate, oqotho (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2) the one establish (2) safeguard, protect, with integrity, the one who is self-guard, shield, shelter, fortify, make respecting invulnerable; assure, secure, make safe, watch over, look after, take care uqo… of. uqobo (UZL NC 3) exactness precision, exactness, undoubtedness, exactitude, accuracy, accurateness, eqo… qo… eqotho (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one with qoba / nqunqa / cezula / sika (isenzo / integrity verb) chop, cut up, cut into pieces, chop up; cube, dice, iqo… qobela / ganisha (isenzo / verb) garnish iqobho / iqomu / ihleza (UZL NC 2) (food) , decorate, adorn, trim, dress, corncob, cob ornament, embellish, enhance, grace, iqola (UZL NC 2)/ isigebengu (UZL NC 5)/ beautify, prettify, brighten up, set off, ihhuzu / ihuzu (UZL NC 2) a petty add the finishing touch criminal, a burglar, a thief (2) a qobile / nqunqile / cezulile / rascal, scallywag, scamp, devil, imp, sikile (isiphawulo / adjective) chopped 208
qobo / zithonto / njenjenje / accordingly, arrange according to qobo/ nse / ncimishi (isenzukuthi / exact sizes, arrange according to ideophone) exactly, precisely, without different sizes doubt, entirely, absolutely, qondene (isiphawulo / adjective) aligned completely, totally qondisa (isenzo / verb) straighten qobola / qhwabaza (isenzo / verb) hit qondisela (isenzo / verb) straighten for, with a hard object such as the stick, discipline for knobkerrie, wooden spoon etc. qondiswa (isenzo / verb) be qoma /khetha (isenzo / verb) choose, straightened,be disciplined select, elect, opt, pick, pick out, qondwa (isenzo / verb) be confronted favour, settle for, vote for, (2) select qondwe (isiphawulo / adjective) confronted a lover, date someone; fall in love qonga / dlondlobala / memeza / qomile chosen, elected (2) selected a khulumela-phezulu (isenzo / verb) speak lover, fallen in love loud, increase volume, (2) qonga / qomanani (isenzo / verb) choose each other khuphuka / nyuka rise, move up, (2) fall in love with each other (check upwards, (3) loom, tower, soar, rise qoma above) up, stand high, reach high (4) qonga qonda / zwisisa / landelisisa (isenzo / / biza / dula / khuphuka / nyuka verb) understand, comprehend, grasp, increase, go up, get higher, grow, see, take in, perceive advance, soar, shoot up, surge up, qonda / thwishika (isenzo / verb) be leap, jump, rocket, escalate, spiral straight qongelela / bekelela / qungelela qondakala / zwakala / caca / (isenzo / verb) gather, collect, assemble; phumela-obala (isenzo / verb) be amass, stockpile, pile up, heap up, understood, be comprehensible, be rack up, run up, scrape together intelligible, be understandable, be qoqa / cola / cwala / lungisa (isenzo / explicit, be unambiguous, be verb) tidy up, organize, be orderly, straightforward arrange accordingly, put orderly, qondakele / cacile (isiphawulo / adjective) order, arrange, sort out, assemble (2) understood, clear qoqa / goqa / fingqa be brief, qondana (isenzo / verb) be at the same summarise, condense, highlight level, go with, coordinate with, important points complement, harmonize with, blend qoqa / landelanisa / hluza / hlela with, suit (2) be a pair, be a set, be (isenzo / verb) arrange chronologically, the same, go together. systematise, do in a logical order, (3) correspond, be in agreement, bring together tally, agree, match up, coincide, qoqeka (isenzo / verb) be organised, be accord, conform, square, harmonize, well-behaved be consonant, be compatible. qoqela (isenzo / verb) tidy up for someone (4) Meet one’s match, combine, or for something match-up, link, team-up qoqile (isiphawulo / adjective) tidied up qondanani / hambisanani (isenzo / verb) qoqisa (isenzo / verb) help one to tidy up be understanding of each other (2) qopha / baza / akha / khanda (isenzo qondanani / klelanani be aligned, / verb) sculpt, carve, generate, create associate (3) qondanani / produce, design, make, fabricate, bhekanani confront each other fashion, manufacture, build, qondanisa (isenzo / verb) match, pair, construct, erect, do, turn (2) qopha / ensure correspondence, arrange khiqiza produce, manufacture, 209
make, construct, build, fabricate, oqumbiwe (UZL NC 1.1) the one who has process, create; mass-produce, yield been overthrown (check qumba) (3) qopha / hlekisa / bukisa / oqunjelwe (UZL NC 1.1 ) the one who is bhinqa tease, mock, satirise, deride, constipated, the constipated one ridicule qophela (isenzo / verb) create for uqu… qongisa / gcwalisa (isenzo / verb) fill up, uqunga (UZL NC 3)/ isithunywa-fill to the brim, top up, charge esicashile (UZL NC 5)/ impimpi (UZL NC 6) qotha / hlula / nqoba (isenzo / verb) secret messenger wipe out, defeat, beat, vanquish, uquqaba (UZL NC 3)/ abantu (UZL NC 8.1)/ trounce, annihilate, triumph, izinkumbi / izihlwele (UZL NC 9) conquer general population, masses, crowd, qothula /susa (isenzo / verb) root out, throng, wipe out, cross out, strike out, score out, blot out, blank out qu… qothwa / hlulwa / nqotshwa (isenzo / quba / casha / fihla (isenzo / verb) hide, verb) be wiped out, be conquered, be conceal, secrete, put in a hiding defeated, be overthrown place, put out of sight, camouflage; qubela / cashela (isenzo / verb) hide for equ… qubisa / cashisa (isenzo / verb) offer one equbile (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one that hiding place has been offered a temporal qubuka / qhamuka (isenzo / verb) accommodation, the impermanent emerge from nowhere, come out, one appear, come into view, become equlekile (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one visible, make sudden appearance; that has fainted turn up, spring up, come up, surface, equlwini (undaweni / locative) in / at/ from crop up, pop up; (2) become known, to the crowd become apparent, become evident, be revealed iqu… qubula / phakamisa / tibula (isenzo / iqulu (UZL NC 2)/ isiwombe (UZL NC 5)/ verb) lift; raise, hoist, heave, haul up izihlwele / izinkumbi (UZL NC 9) / qula / thetha icala (isenzo / verb) iningi (UZL NC 2) crowd, multitude, large confronted with evidence, confront group, throng, horde with facts, confront to establish facts, iqulwana / iqenjana (UZL NC 2)/ verify rumours or hearsay, be part of isigejane (UZL NC 5)/ inqwatshana (UZL a hearing; adjudicate, judge; NC 6) small crowd, group, a faction arbitrate; mediate; prosecute; defend iqunga (UZL NC 2) (inkanuko yokulwa quleka / shaywa isiyezi (isenzo / verb) noma ukubulala) the surge to faith, pass out, lose consciousness, commit murder or violence again, fall unconscious, black out, collapse gush of aggression, habitual fighting qulela / thulula / thela ngamanzi or killing (isenzo / verb) pour, stream, flow, run, iqupha (UZL NC 2) knuckle gush, cascade, course iququ / iqaqa / iphunga / ivumba qulisa (isenzo / verb) hold someone (UZL NC 2) bad smell, foul smell, stench, accountable, make one to answer, stink, rot hold answerable quliswa (isenzo / verb) be held oqu… accountable, be held answerable 210
qulula / hwitha / bhamba / shaya iqhawe (UZL NC 2)/ isigayigayi (UZL NC 5) (isenzo / verb) hit repeatedly / ingwazi (UZL NC 6)/ isihlabani (UZL NC 5) qumba / gcwala umoya esiswini hero, brave man, champion, man of (isenzo / verb) be constipated (2) exude courage, great man, man of the hour, self-importance (3) qumba / conquering hero, victor, winner, thukuthela / buyisa izinhlonzi be conqueror angry, frown (2) qumba umubuso / iqhathanzipho / inono / igcokama ketula uhulumeni /overthrow (UZL NC 2) a very clean person government, seize power, commit a iqhawekazi (UZL NC 2) heroine (check coup iqhawe above) qunda / yenza buthuntu (isenzo / verb) iqhawu / umuqhewu (UZL NC 2) a slit, make less sharp, make blunt, make cut, incision, split, slash, gash, dull laceration; rip qunga / tshengisa (isenzo / verb) amass; iqhaza / igalelo (UZL NC 2)/ isandla (UZL exhibit qunga isibindi = be brave, NC 5) role, contribution, capacity, have courage, be ready for the act, position, job, post, office, task, duty, put a mask, assume a character that responsibility, mantle, place, one is usually not, situation; function, part, hand. qunjelwa-isisu (isenzo / verb) have constipation, flatulence, be oqha…. constipated, have difficulty passing oqhaqhazelayo (UZL NC 1.1) the stool shivering one, the one that shivers qunjelwe (isiphawulo / adjective) constipated qunjiswa (isenzo / verb) be constipated as uqha… a result of … uqhaqhava / uqhaqhavana / ququda / hlafuna / gaya (isenzo / verb) uqhaqhaveyane (UZL NC 3) gnaw, chew, bite, nibble, munch, (owomelele ) a skinny person, thin, crunch, champ, chomp (2) think; scrawny, scraggy, bony, angular, reflect raw-boned person quva/ gweva / goloza (isenzo / verb) resist, withstand, be proof against, qha… hold out against, combat, (2)oppose, qha / cha (isenzukuthi / ideophone) no, never, fight against, refuse to accept, be not, not at all hostile to, object to, be anti, take a qhabo / qha bo!bo!, cha / hhayi! stand against, defy, 3) refrain from, Bo, akunjalo / asikho isidingo abstain from, keep from, forbear (isenzukuthi / ideophone) no; absolutely not, from, desist from, forgo, avoid; (4) most certainly not, of course not, struggle with, battle against, fight under no circumstances, by no against, put up a fight against, battle means, not at all, never against, stand up to qhafaza / ngcavaza / cindezela (isenzo / verb) press, push (down), press …qh… down, thumb, depress, bear down on, lean on, lower, pin, pinion, hold Iqha… down, force, ram, thrust, cram, iqhalaqhala (UZL NC 2) / uqhozasi (UZL NC squeeze, compress, wedge. 1.1) a boisterous person, lively, active, qhakaza / chuma (isenzo / verb) flourish, animated, exuberant, spirited, thrive, prosper, bloom, be in good bouncy, frisky, excited, overexcited, shape, be in good health (2) qhakaza in high spirits 211
/ caca / chacha / gqama = emit iqhe… light, shine, give off light, beam, iqhezu / iqhuzu (UZL NC 2)/ ingxenye radiate, gleam, glow, sparkle, (UZL NC 6) a piece, bit, section, slice, twinkle, flicker, glitter, glisten, chunk, segment, lump, hunk; wedge, shimmer, flash, dazzle, flare, glare, slab, knob, block, bar, tablet, brick, fluoresce cube, stick, length; offcut qhakazisa / cwebezelisa (isenzo / verb) polish, burnish, buff, wax, gloss, oqhe… brighten, brush, smooth, rub up oqhenyayo / ozasisayo / ozithwele qhamuka / vela / lunguza (isenzo / verb) (UZL NC 1.1) the proud one, the one that is look quickly, cast a brief look, take a proud secret look, spy, take a sly or stealthy uqhe… look, sneak a look, peek, have a peek, uqhekeko (UZL NC 3)/ inhlukano (UZL NC glance, peer; peep 6) division, disunity, disunion, (2) appear (slowly or partly) conflict, factionalism, discord, qhantsha / qhasha / gxuma (isenzo / disagreement, dissension, verb) fly off, jump up, leap, spring, disaffection bound, hop, bounce; skip, bob, qhaqhalaza / qhanqalaza (isenzo / verb) qhe… be ahead of everyone else, excel, be qhekeza/ gqekeza / hlukanisa (isenzo outstanding, be brilliant, be / verb) gape, open wide, open up, yawn; excellent, be very good, be part, crack, split (2) break in, commit successful, be expert, stand out, be a burglary, intrude, housebreaker, pre-eminent. robber, crack open qhaqhazela / vevezela / qhuqha qhela / gudluka/ suduka (isenzo / verb) (isenzo / verb) shake, shiver, tremble, give way, stay away; move, allow quiver, shake, shudder, quaver, passage, create a space, make a path, quake, vibrate, palpitate, flutter, allow to proceed, step aside convulse. qhelanisa / hlukanisa (isenzo / verb) qhatha / xabanisa / xova (isenzo / verb) separate, isolate, divide, create a set one against the other, cause a space between, make spaces in fight, cause a brawl (2) qhatha / between khohlisa (isenzo / verb) lie, deceive; fool qhelisa / gudluza (isenzo / verb) move around others, make others to give way qhathanisa / hlobanisa (isenzo / verb) qhephuka / qhephula / phula (isenzo compare, contrast, set side by side, / verb) break, set apart, separate, split, juxtapose, collate, differentiate, fragment, cut into pieces, weigh up, balance qhethuka / qethuka / iwa qhathulula / zisuse / ala / shalaza ngomuhlane (isenzo / verb) fall / chitha / enza engathi awuboni backward, lie on your back with eyes (isenzo / verb) distance oneself, disregard, on the roof, dismiss, take no notice of, shrug off, qhetha / khukhumeza / thwala / ignore, set aside hambela phezulu (isenzo / verb) be frigid; qhaya/ zithwale / zithume / shaya be distant, be detached, be izithupha (isenzo / verb) be self-centred, unresponsive, be remote, be be selfish, be egocentric, be impersonal; egomaniacal, be self-interested 212
qhenya / zazi / zazise / zishaye iqhoksi (UZL NC 2)/ (isicathulo isifuba (isenzo / verb) be proud, (2) be esiphakeme) high heel shoe aloof iqholo (UZL NC 2) a hat made out of feathers, male head gear made out of iqhi… feathers iqhikiza / ijongosi (UZL NC 2)/ intombi iqholo / ithemba (UZL NC 2) hope, (UZL NC 6) a young woman who has just aspiration, desire, wish, expectation, graduated from her teens, a young ambition, aim, plan female adult, iqhikizane (UZL NC 2) an insect, a tick oqho… iqhina (UZL NC 2) steenbok (a small oqhoqhoqho (UZL NC 8.1) windpipes antelope with large ears, a small tail, uqhoko (UZL NC 3)/ ubulephelo (UZL NC 8.2) and smooth upright horns) leprosy (a very contagious skin, iqhinga (UZL NC 2)/ umubono / mucous membranes, and nerves umuqondo (UZL NC 1.2) a game plan, a disease that causes discoloration and view, a plot, a plan, an idea, a lumps on the skin) strategy, scheme, stratagem, plan, course of action; method, uqho… programme, expedient, gambit, uqhomfane (UZL NC 3)/ umuqwayiba move, approach, tack, path, road; (UZL NC 1.2) biltong; dry meat device, trick, ploy, dodge, (2) an uqhoqhoqho (UZL NC 1.1) windpipe approach, a perspective, a tackle (3) uqhoqhovane / uqhothozwane (UZL out of the box approach NC 3)/ izimbanjwana (UZL NC 9) a very undernourished person or animal, uqhi… skinny, bony, dry, emaciated, scraggy uqhinsi (UZL NC 3)/ ibomvu / ikekezi person or thing (UZL NC 2) red ochre, face mask, product uqhotho / uqhomfane (UZL NC 3)/ used for exfoliating the face, okomelele (UZL NC 4)/ umuqwayiba (UZL NC 1.2) something extremely dry like qhi… dry biltong, (2) something very qhibula / vuna (isenzo / verb) harvest skinny and bony, emaciated person qhifiza / qhufuza / patshaza / or thing choba (isenzo / verb) squash, crush, break, hit, collide, strike, smash, bump into qho… qhimilika / ntwininiza / baleka / qho / njalo / njalo nje (isenezelelo, isandiso / gijima (isenzo / verb) run like a green neck adverb) always, every time, each time, gecko at all times, all the time, on every qhina / luka / photha (isenzo / verb) occasion, on all occasions, plait the hair, style one’s hair consistently, invariably, without fail, qhinqa (isenzo / verb) stage a sit-in without exception, qhinsila / dinsila (isenzo / verb) drop qhobonyeka / swaca / buyisa something heavy, burst something izinhlonzi (isenzo / verb) scowl, frown, heavy sneer, pout, wince, glower, pull a face qhiyama / qonda (isenzo / verb) be erect qhoboza / caba / luma / hlafuna / munca (isenzo / verb) chew as in bone, iqho… munch, masticate, crunch, bite 213
qhofoza / chofoza / chafaza / oqhu… phihliza / phahlaza (isenzo / verb) break oqhuqhayo / ogodolayo (UZL NC 1.1) the , crack, crush, smack, hit, freezing one, the cold one qhola / ngenelela (isenzo / verb) oqhubayo / oshayelayo / overtake, assume a closest place in umushayeli / umuqhubi (UZL NC 1.1) the queue, manoeuvre in a queue, driver, pilot, captain disregard those who have come first qhola / phumputhela / gcoba / uqhu… faka (isenzo / verb) anoint, smear with oil, uqhumane (UZL NC 3)/ isikwebhisi (UZL rub with oil, apply oil to, spread oil NC 5) cracker over, qhola amakha = spray with a uqhume (UZL NC 3)/ amaphophukhona perfume (UZL NC 7) pop-corn qholosha / qhenya / qhenya / uqhuqho (UZL NC 3)/ umalaleveva (UZL zithwale / zinkonkoshele / NC 1.1) shivering fit, ague, malaria zitshele / zazise (isenzo / verb) be uqhuqhuva / uthuthuva (UZL NC 3)/ impertinent, be insolent, be cheeky umuhhayizo (UZL NC 1.2) hysteria, qhoqha / qhuqha (isenzo / verb) feel frenzy, wildness, feverishness, cold, freeze, feel very cold, go numb irrationality; loss of control; panic with cold, qhoqhobala / bambelela (isenzo / verb) qhu… hold on, clutch, hold, hang on to, qhuba / shayela / drayiva / clasp, grasp, grip, cling to phusha / isa phambili (isenzo / verb) qhosha / zikhukhumeze / drive, propel, power, push, steer zithwale (isenzo / verb) boast, brag, crow, forward swagger, swank, gloat, show off qhubela / shayelela (isenzo / verb) drive for eqhu… qhubeka / iya phambili / hamba eqhugayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 ) the (isenzo / verb) proceed, continue, go limping one ahead, carry on, go on, continue, eqhumayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the keep on, get on, get ahead cracking one qhubekela (isenzo / verb) move forward qhubekisa / dlulisa / shonisa phambili / hambisa phambili (isenzo / verb) go after, run after, follow, chase, give chase to; hunt, stalk, iqhu… track, trail, trace, shadow, iqhubu / iqhuqhuva / ipinayi (UZL NC qhubeza / bhebhezela / 2) pimple, spot, pustule, blackhead, qhubekisela phambili / dlulisela / boil, swelling, skin eruption, bangela phambili (isenzo / verb) carbuncle, wen, cyst, abscess, blister; exacerbate, aggravate, make worse, acne; worsen, inflame, compound, iqhude (UZL NC 2) cock, male fowl, intensify, increase, perpetuate rooster, cockerel qhubuka / qubuka / mane uvele iqhugwane (UZL NC 2)/ nje / vela esikhaleni / mangaza uguqasithandaze (UZL NC 1.1) a (isenzo / verb) suddenly emerge from a thatched arch-shaped house hiding place, surprise, catch off (traditional Zulu architecture) guard, burst in 214
qhudelana / ziswanani pick, pull, pull off, extract, take, take izikhwepha (isenzo / verb) compete, off contest, vie, fight, battle, clash, tussle, qhutshwa be led, be escorted grapple, wrestle, wrangle, jockey qhuzuka / shayeka (isenzo / verb) trip, qhudelanani (isenzo / verb) compete with stumble, lose one's footing, catch each other one's foot, slip, lose one's balance, qhudelanela compete over … stagger, totter, slide; fall, fall down, qhudelene competed tumble, topple, qhuga / xhuga / kheleza (isenzo / verb) qhuzula / khahlela / khribha / limp, hobble wisa / shaya ngothufidi (isenzo / verb) qhugela / xhugela (isenzo / verb) limp knock over, knock down, upset, push along over, tip over, upend, capsize; fell, qhulula / vivitha / viviza / shaya / tear down, flatten, level, (2) qhwitha / tarabha (isenzo / verb) hit overthrow, oust with thin sticks, hit, strike, slap, smack, cuff, punch, beat, thrash, thump, batter, drub, hook, pound, smash, slam, welt, pummel, hammer, …qhw… bang, knock, swat, whip, flog, cane qhulula / khumula / khipha / Iqhwa… thulula (isenzo / verb) strip off, strip iqhwa (UZL NC 2)/ unqweqwane (UZL NC 3) naked, undress, strip off, take one's ice, snow clothes off iqhwagi / idiya (UZL NC 2) a locust qhuma (isenzo / verb) explode, burst, blow up, detonate, blow, burst (apart), fly uqhwa… apart, fly into pieces, shatter, go off, uqhwaga (UZL NC 1.1)/ umusipha (UZL NC erupt; bang, crack, boom; 1.2) cartilage qhumele exploded from, exploded uqhwasha (UZL NC 1.1) homemade-gun towards, exploded in, exploded to qhumile exploded, detonated qhwa… qhumisa (isenzo / verb) cause to explode, qhwa / qwa (isenzo / verb) kumuhlophe detonate qhwa / qwa = It is spotless white, it qhumuza / hlafuna (isenzo / verb) chew is pure white. (2) banging sound something crunchy or dry such as qhwaba / shaya izandla (isenzo / verb) ginger biscuit, munch, crunch, crack clap, applaud, clap one's hands, give qhumbuza / chambuza / putshuza someone a round of applause, put / khama (isenzo / verb) puncture, make a one's hands together; give someone hole in, pierce, penetrate, rupture, a standing ovation, applaud perforate, riddle, stab, cut, nick, slit, qhwakela (isenzo / verb) be in an prick, spike, stick elevated position, be in a raised qhunyiswa caused to explode position, be up there, be on the qhunyisiwe been make to explode throne, ride on qhuqha / godola / banda (isenzo / verb) qhwakeliswa (isenzo / verb) be elevated be chilly, cool, freeze, feel cold; to the throne, be elevated to the high shiver from cold office, be made to sit on high chair, qhutha / hluba (isenzo / verb) pluck, be made to occupy a sit in front remove the feathers from, strip of qhwanda / gumba / imba (isenzo / verb) feathers; deplume, remove, pick off, dig, unearth, dig up, pull up, grub up, root up, root out, 215
qhwasha / qwasha / lala ungalele irama / imajarini (UZL NC 6) Rama / guquguquka / ungafikelwa margarine, margarine (although Rama is ubuthongo (isenzo / verb) have insomnia, be sleepless, be restless a brand name, people have come to use it as if qhwashaza / qhosha / hambela phezulu (isenzo / verb) walk with applicable to all margarines) confidence, walk tall, irandi (UZL NC 2) / ishumi (UZL NC 2) rand, qhwaya / qhwanda (isenzo / verb) R1, one rand, South African currency scratch the surface irasta (UZL NC 2) Rastafarian irawundabhawuthi (UZL NC 6) / uqhwe… isiyingi (UZL NC 5) / iringi (UZL NC 6) uqhwememe (UZL NC 3) hard, dry object, roundabout, circle, traffic circle flat, stiff object ura… qhwe… urawondi / urondaveli rondavel qhweba / biza (isenzo / verb) beckon, irayisi (UZL NC 2) rice gesture, call, signal, wave, gesticulate, make a gesture, motion, rasa… nod, entice, tempt, coax, lure, charm, rasa / banga umusindo / memeza attract, draw (isenzo / verb) make noise, shout rawunda / zungeza / jikeleza (isenzo / qhwi… verb) go round, go around, move in qhwishiza / dlidliza / quleka (isenzo / circles verb) have a seizure, convulsion, spasm, paroxysm, collapse, sudden ire… illness, attack, fit, bout, stroke, irenti / intela / intelakuqasha (UZL apoplexy NC 6) rent, hire charge, rental, fee, cost, qhwitha / qhutha (isenzo / verb) pluck, price, rate, tariff. remove the feathers from, strip of irestorenti (UZL NC 6) / ithilomu (UZL NC 2) feathers; rare deplume, displume (2) a restaurant, café, tearoom strum, pick, thrum, twang, plunk, irethipheya (UZL NC 6) / finger; play pizzicato. umukhokhintela (UZL NC 1.1) / (umukhokhi wentela yezindlu nemihlaba) ratepayer ireyido (UZL NC 6) / umusakazo (UZL NC 1.2) radio …qw… ireyiza / ireyiza (UZL NC 6) razor re… qwa… renta / khokha (isenzo / verb) rent, lease, qwala / nyuka / khuphupha / hire khwela / gibela (isenzo / verb) ascend, rentela / khokhela (isenzo / verb) rent climb-up for, pay for qwaqwada / qongqotha / rentile / khokhile (isiphawulo / adjective) nqonqotha (isenzo / verb) knock , bang, have paid the rent, paid thump, pound, hammer rentelwa (isenzo / verb) have somebody renting on your or one’s behalf …r… rentisa (isenzo / verb) make available for renting Ira… rentiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to rent, irabha (UZL NC 6) rubber be made to pay rent 216
rongisa (isenzo / verb) make something iri… wrong irimu (UZL NC 6) rim rongisiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been iringi / indandatho (UZL NC 6) ring caused to make it wrong irisidi (UZL NC 2) receipt rosta (isenzo / verb) roast, braai rostela (isenzo / verb) roast for ri… rostisa (isenzo / verb) cause to roast ringa / qongqotha / ngqongqoza rostwa (isenzo / verb) be roasted (isenzo / verb) ring, knock (2) ringa / fona / shaya ucingo ring, telephone, dial, iru… call, phone irula (UZL NC 2) a ruler ringela (isenzo / verb) ring for irumu (UZL NC 2)/ igumbi (UZL NC 2) room ringile (isenzo / verb) rang rula / phatha / busa rule, govern, ringisa (isenzo / verb) make someone to preside ring …s… iro… irobhothi (UZL NC 2) / isibani- asa… somugwaqo (UZL NC 5) robot, traffic Asabelaneni. Let us share with each light other. Asabelaneni isinkwa. / Let iroli (UZL NC 2) bread roll us share bread. irosali (UZL NC 2) rosary Asazane. Let us get to know one irozi (UZL NC 2) a rose another. Asazi. / Asazi-ke. We do not know. ro… Asaziwa. We are unknown. (2) It is robha / gebenga (isenzo / verb) rob not known. robhela (isenzo / verb) rob for robhile (isiphawulo / adjective) caused esa… robbery esa … prefix sound-unit is used to robhisa (isenzo / verb) cause someone to formulate an investigative question rob enquiring about the possessive of rojiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) was robbed, UZL NC 5 and responding to that had been robbed question. All nouns with prefix rojwa (isenzo / verb) be robbed sound unit ‘isi…’ belong to UZL NC 5 rola / goqa (isenzo / verb) fold, wrap, roll e.g. Isicathulo / shoes; isinkwa rolela / goqela (isenzo / verb) roll for bread; isizwe / nation; isitho / body-someone part. Other nouns under UZL NC 5 rolile (isiphawulo / adjective) has / have include many nouns with prefix rolled or folded sound unit ‘isa…’; ‘ise…’; ‘iso…’ such rolisa (isenzo / verb) help someone to roll as isandla / hand; isangoma / African or fold clairvoyant ; isando / hammer; roliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) had been isenzo / action; isono / sin. Please rolled note that only nouns with prefix ronga (isenzo / verb) get something sound unit ‘isi…’ belong to UZL NC 5. wrong, be wrong Other nouns with prefix ‘isa…’; rongile (isiphawulo / adjective) got something ‘ise…’; ‘iso…’ may belong to UZL NC wrong 2. All those with prefix ‘isu…’ belong to UZL NC 2 and not 5. Therefore ‘esa…’ only applies to those nouns 217
which belong to UZL NC 5 e.g. of shortening a sentence are not Esabani lesi isicathulo? / Whose always applicable in terms of the shoe is this? The answer may be logic of this language. Once, you ‘esami/ It is mine. introduce a change in sentence, it has Esabani? (UZL NC 5) Whose is it? got to be evidential in a manner Esabo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 8.1 & 8.2 ) It is theirs. which demonstrates a relationship Theirs = UZL NC 8.1. esa… = UZL NC 5 between two independent variables e.g. isandla / hand, isipuni / spoon, or words. …bo/ theirs = plural noun UZL NC 8.1 Otherwise if not using the entire e.g. abantu / people, ogogo / possessive and abject noun UZL NC grandmothers; prefix ‘bo…’ is also 1.1 human; you have to drop suffix applicable to mass noun UZL NC 8.2 sound unit for the object noun e.g. ubomi / life ; ubuso / face; utshani ‘…khe’ and change possessive sound / grass. You may elect to shorten the unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘eso…’ minus sentence by saying; ‘esabantu.” / It is prefix vowel of the object noun.. for the people. Esogogo. / It is for Remember, once this change has the grandmothers. If you do this, you occurred, the object noun must are subjecting the sentence to a connect to the possessive sound linguistic mathematical process unit.. called vowel coalescence. There are Esakho. (UZL NC 5: second person singular) It is rules that must be followed when yours. Esakho. (UZL NC 5) It is yours. vowels collide. Esalo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 2 and 3) It is its. Or it EsaBongani. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 1.1 human noun) is for it. his/hers. Or you can be more It is Bongani’s. (applicable to any specific about it and say; Esalo singular proper human nouns) iqanda. / It is for the egg. Iqanda = Esako. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 4) It is its. Or you UZL NC 2. or uthando = UZL NC 3. can be more specific about it and say; Remember, isiZulu also operates like Esako ukudla / It is for the food. mathematics, therefore if not Remember isiZulu also operates like mentioning the whole possessive mathematics, therefore if not you may say; Eseqanda. (UZL NC 5) It is mentioning the whole possessive for the egg. Or Esothando. (UZL NC 5) It you may say Esokudla. Right hand is for the love. Otherwise if not using (2) Otherwise if not using the entire the entire possessive and object possessive and abject noun UZL NC noun UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3; you 4, you have to drop suffix possessive have to drop suffix possessive sound sound unit for the object noun ‘…ko’ unit for the object noun UZL NC 2 & and change prefix possessive sound UZL NC 3 ‘…lo’ and change ‘esa…’ to ‘eso…’ minus prefix vowel possessive prefix sound unit UZL NC of the object noun. 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘ese…’ for UZL NC 2; Esakhe. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 1.1 human ) It is ‘eso…’ for UZL NC 3 minus prefix his/hers. Or you can be more vowel of the object noun.. specific and say; “ Esakhe umfana. / Remember, once this change has It is for the boy. Remember, isiZulu occurred, the object noun must also operates like mathematics, connect to the possessive sound therefore if not mentioning the unit.. You will notice a variation whole possessive you may say; because nouns belonging to UZL NC “Esomfana.” / It is for the boy. In 2 start with prefix vowel ‘i…’ and isiZulu language, conventional rules those of UZL NC 3 start with prefix 218
vowel ‘u…’ that is why for UZL NC 2 suffix possessive sound-unit for the we use ‘ese…’ and for UZL NC 3 we object noun UZL NC 6 and UZL NC 10 use ‘eso…’ ‘…yo’ and change possessive prefix Esami. (UZL NC 5: first person singular) It is mine. sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘ese…’ esangweni (undaweni / locative) at / in / minus prefix vowel of the object from / to the gate noun.. Remember, once this change Esaso. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 5) It is its. Or it is has occurred, the object noun must for it/ his/hers. Or you can be more connect to the possessive sound specific about it and say; Esaso unit..(esa… / it is = UZL NC 5 e.g. isandla / hand, isipuni / isalukazi. / It is for the old woman. Remember, isiZulu also operates like spoon, …yo / his , hers or it = UZL NC 6 with prefix in…. mathematics, therefore if not (singular) or im… (singular or inkomo / cow, ingane / child, mentioning the whole possessive imbali / flower, imoto / car. UZL NC 10 = imithwalo / loads, you may say; Esesalukazi. / It is for the old woman Otherwise if not imiphakathi / communities) It for them. using the entire possessive and Esawo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 non-human & UZL object noun UZL NC 5; you have to NC 7) It is its or theirs. Or it is for it. Or drop suffix possessive sound unit for them. Or you can be more specific the object noun UZL NC 5 ‘…so’ and about it and say; Esawo change possessive prefix sound unit ugandaganda. / It is for the tractor. = UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘ese…’ minus UZL NC 1.1 non-human.; or Esawo prefix vowel of the object noun.. umuzi. / It is for the house. = UZL NC Remember, once this change has 1.2 non-human. Or Esawo occurred, the object noun must amantombazane. / It is for the girls. connect to the possessive sound = UZL NC 7. Remember, isiZulu also unit..(esa… = UZL NC 5 e.g isandla / hand, isipuni / spoon, operates like science. Therefore, …so/ it, she, he = UZL NC 5 e.g. isalukazi / old woman, when a change occurs we need to see evidence and method applied which isigebengu / thief, isithombe / picture ) led to that result. If not mentioning the whole possessive you may say; Esayo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 6 & 10) It is its / ”Esikagandaganda. “/ It is for the hers/ his or them. Or you can be tractor. UZL NC 1.1 non-human. UZL more specific about it and say; NC 1.2 Esomuzi. / It is for the house.. “Esayo inkomo. / It is for the cow. Esamantombazane. / It is for the Or Esayo intombazane. / It is for the girls. Otherwise if not using the girl. Or Esayo imiphakathi. / It is for entire possessive and object noun the communities. The latter being UZL NC 1.1; UZL NC 1.2 or UZL NC 7 UZL NC 10. Remember, isiZulu is also you have to drop suffix possessive agglutinative, therefore if not sound unit for the object noun UZL mentioning the whole possessive NC 1.1non-human; UZL NC 1.2 and you may say; Esenkomo. / It is for UZL NC 7 ‘…wo’ and change the cow. Or Esentombazane. / It is possessive prefix sound unit UZL NC for the girls. Or in the case of UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to ‘esika…’ for UZL NC 1.1 10, you can say; “Esemiphakathi. / It non-human; ‘eso…’ for UZL NC 1.2 is for the communities.” In this case and ‘esa…’ for UZL NC 7 minus sound unit ‘mi…’ is infixed, which prefix vowel of the object noun.. demonstrates UZL NC 10 concord, as Remember once this change has a distinct plural noun cluster . occurred, the object noun must Otherwise, if not using the entire connect to the possessive sound possessive and object noun UZL NC 6 unit.. and UZL NC 10; you have to drop 219
Learn more about isiZulu scientific isakucwasa. / Directives are like methods in the textbook. prejudice.. isa… = prefix sound unit Esazo. (UZL NC 5: UZL NC 9) It is theirs. You simile of UZALO Noun Cluster 6 and can choose to be more specific about 10 and their pronoun e.g. Lena theirs and say; Esazo izingane. / It is inkukhu isamuntu. / this chicken is for the children. Remember, isiZulu like a person. / Yona isamuntu. / It is also operates like mathematics, like a person. therefore if not mentioning the Isa… as prefix can also depict the whole possessive you may say; current state, condition or mood of Esezingane. It is for the children. UZL NC 6 & 10. For example; ‘ingane Otherwise, if not using the entire isangene.’ / A child is crazy. Or possessive and object noun UZL NC Ingane isabanda. / A child is still 5; you have to drop suffix possessive cold. Imiphakathi / Communities = sound unit for the object noun UZL UZL NC 10 isabhikisha. / The NC 5 ‘…zo’ and change possessive communities are still protesting. prefix sound unit UZL NC 5 ‘esa…’ to isa… = prefix sound unit concord for ‘ese…’ minus prefix vowel of the UZALO NC 6 and 10 e.g. (i) Ingane object noun.. Remember, once this isakhala / the baby is still crying, change has occurred, the object noun Inyoka isangena emugodini. / The must connect to the possessive snake is getting into the hole. sound unit.. (esa… = UZL NC 5 e.g. Therefore isa… sound unit is present isandla / hand, isipuni / spoon, …zo / continuous tense concord for UZALO theirs = UZL NC 9: plural with prefix noun cluster 6 which are all nouns iz… e.g. izintombi / ladies, izimbuzi / with prefix in…, im… and UZALO goats noun cluster 10 with prefix sound unit imi… as well as pronoun for Isa… UZALO noun cluster 6 and 10 which isa… = (simile : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) Prefix is ‘yona’. Yona isagijima = S/He, It is isa.. In a word sentence is equivalent still running. S/He, It = UZALO noun to English “it is like…” when sound cluster 6 and 10. unit ‘isa…’ is used with a noun it Isa… as prefix sound unit can also often denotes a simile e.g isamuntu / denote remote past tense for UZL It is like a person, isaqanda, its like NC 6 and 10 e.g. Isadlula leyo an egg… However, prefix sound unit inyanga. / That month has long ‘isa…’ is only applicable to UZL NC 6 passed. Isafa leyo imoto. / That car or UZL NC 10 e.g. ingane isamuntu / broke (long ago). Remember, isiZulu a child is like a person. All UZL NC 6 language operates like mathematics. and 10 have prefix sound unit ‘im…’’ Therefore, you can follow a and ‘in…’ in the case of UZL NC 6. shortened method when speaking or Examples of UZL NC 6 include imali / writing, however you must be aware money; imoto / car; imbali / flower; that following this method is inkomo / cow; ingane / child. Ingane different from English in that in isamuntu. / A child is like a person. isiZulu language it is specific, Imoto isatshe. / A car is like a stone.. sequential and has to reflect Examples of UZL NC 10 include evidence of such a change. For imithetho / laws; imiyalelo / example; Isadlula leyo inyanga. / directives e.g. imithetho isampoqo / That month has passed. The laws are like force. ; imiyalelo shortened method of this sentence 220
is; “Isadlula leyonyanga. / That isahluleki / isehluleki (UZL NC 5) a month has passed. Remember, failure, the defeated, the conquered, prefix ‘isa…’ cannot stand alone in a the easily conquered, the one who sentence, it must always connect to surrendered. the verb or adjective or object noun. isaka (UZL NC 2) sack, bag Isababa. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is like isakabuli (UZL NC 2) a finch, songbird father or man. (UZL NC 6); They are like isakhamuzi (UZL NC 5) / umuhlali (UZL NC father or man. (UZL NC 10) 1.1) citizen, inhabitant, resident, Isababa. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is still occupant, occupier, dweller, settler; chili-hot or bitter. (UZL NC 6) ; They local, native are still chili- hot or bitter. isakhiso / isiza / isiqephu-Isabanda. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is still somuhlaba (UZL NC 5)/ indawo-cold. (UZL NC 6); They are still cold. yokwakha / iplothi (UZL NC 6) (UZL NC 10) allotment, plot, piece of ground, iSabatha (UZL NC 2), Sabbath ; holy patch, area, location, parcel, tract, day, a Shembe church day for acreage Saturday isakhiwo (UZL NC 5) a building, a isabelo / isiphiwo (UZL NC 5)/ ubizo (UZL structure, NC 3) a calling, fate, destiny, isalakutshelwa (UZL NC 5)/ providence, God's will, nemesis, unkaniyasha (UZL NC 1.1) a stubborn kismet, astral influence, luck, person, obstinate person, blessing, predestination, headstrong, strong-willed, obdurate, predetermination, serendipity awkward, difficult, contrary, isaga (UZL NC 5) metaphor, figure of perverse, recalcitrant, refractory, speech inflexible, iron-willed, isagila / isaqwayi / isiqwayi (UZL NC uncompromising, uncooperative, 5) knobkerrie, assegai; a stick refined unaccommodating, intractable, accordingly to use as a traditional unbending, unyielding, weapon Isalakutshelwa sibona ngomopho isahha / isaha (UZL NC 2) a saw isahluko/ isihloko / isigaba (UZL NC (isiZulu saying) = literal translation = a stubborn, obstinate, 5)/ indima / ingxenye (UZL NC 6) difficult person learns through injury resulting in bleeding. This chapter, section, division, part, is said when a person refuses to adhere to advices and portion, segment, section, component, bit, installment, series, persuasions. The saying thus means the one who doesn’t listen rash, sequence, succession, string, chain, wave, progression, set, course, will only learn once a disaster or accident befalls on him/her.cycle, stream, outbreak, branch, division, subdivision isalamumva (UZL NC 5) a person who isahlukwana / isihlokwana / always comes last, a person who isigatshana (UZL NC 5)/ indinyana / expects to come last, a person who ingxenyana (UZL NC 6) sub-topic, sub- writes slowly; a slow person, obtuse, title, sub-section (2) sub-heading, unenthusiastic, psychologically sub topic, sub-heading, sub-title, sub- selective person; unperceptive, section, e.g. Chapter 7 subsection (a) imperceptive, blind, of the RSA Constitution = subsection uncomprehending. (a) Isalamumva (a) lizwa ngezagila. / The one who comes last feels the (beating) of knobkerries / The one who comes is the eyewitness or becomes a victim. isalamusi (UZL NC 5)/ umulingo / umuthi (UZL NC 1.2) magic, sorcery, witchcraft, wizardry, necromancy, enchantment, incantation, the 221
supernatural, occultism, the occult, black magic, the black arts, devilry, divination, malediction, voodoo, prefatory; opening remarks, front hoodoo, sympathetic magic, white matter, forward matter, overview magic, witching, witchery; charm, isandla (UZL NC 5) hand hex, spell, jinx isandlwana (UZL NC 5) little hand, isaliwakazi (UZL NC 5) a person of the iSandlwana (UZL NC 5) the name of the opposite set who is often rejected by place where the victorious battle of the other sex. amaZulu was won isalukazi (UZL NC 5)/ ugogo / ukhulu / isango (UZL NC 5) gate, gateway, umakhulu / umuntomdala / doorway, entrance, exit, egress, umuxhiliba (UZL NC 1.1) old woman, opening; door, portal; granny, grandmother, great grand isangoma / isanusi (UZL NC 5) ancestral mother, a woman elder messenger, African traditional isamba / isijumbu (UZL NC 5)/ clairvoyant; spirit medium; medium izindimbane (UZL NC 9) bulk, combo, with ancestral spirits, prophet, seer, size, volume, dimensions, soothsayer, forecaster; astrologer, measurements, proportions, mass, prognosticator; mind reader, substance, scale, magnitude, palmist, palm-reader, telepathist, immensity, hugeness, vastness, spiritualist, massiveness, bulkiness, largeness, isangomanyana (UZL NC 5) isangoma bigness, ampleness, amplitude like, spirit medium imposter; a isambane (UZL NC 5) mole questionable African traditional isambokwe (UZL NC 5) a whip made out clairvoyant; an insignificant medium of a hippo hide or astrologer isambulo (UZL NC 5) revelation, isangquma / isanqu / isichotho (UZL disclosure, surprising fact, NC 5) hailstorm divulgence, declaration, utterance, isangwana(UZL NC 5) little gate, gate announcement, report, news, leak, like, avowal; acknowledgement, isanqawe (UZL NC 5) a place to hide, a admission, confession. hidden place (2) It (UZL NC 6 or 10 ) isandali (UZL NC 2)/ imbadada (UZL NC 6) is like a smoking pipe (saamnasdanadal,li s= h(UoZLe N wC 7i)t /h iz iompbaedandai n(UgZL i NnC f9r) =o snantd als) isanqawe (UZL NC 5)/ inqawe (UZL NC isandiso (UZL NC 5) magnifier, 6)/igudu / ipipi (UZL NC 2) smoking pipe extension, enlargement (2) isayensi (UZL NC 6)/ ubuchwepheshe appendage; addendum (UZL NC 8.2) science, branch of isando / isiqongqotho / isishayeli knowledge, body of knowledge, (UZL NC 5) (okokunqonqothela; empirical information, facts, area of okokushayela; okunamathelisa study, discipline, field. nokukunqonqothela) hammer, isayensiluphando (UZL NC 6)/ mallet, beetle, gavel. uphandobuchwepheshe / isandulela /isamukelo / uphandomugomo / isingeniso (UZL NC 5)/ amazwi- uphandobufakazi / okuvula (UZL NC 7) / uvundululoluphando / umukhelaphezulu (UZL NC 1.2) preface, ucocisobufakazi (UZL NC 3) scientific introduction, foreword, preamble, investigation, methodological prologue, prelude, preliminary; investigation, technological investigation, technical investigation, empirical research based investigation (any investigation or 222
study that is factual, knowledge- announcement, notification, based, empirical; chemical, (advance) warning, announcement, biological, medical, systematic, apprisal, intimation; information, methodical, organized, well news, communication, intelligence, organized, ordered, orderly, word meticulous, precise, accurate, mathematical, regulated, controlled, osa… analytical or rational) osa… = (simile : UZL 1.1 & 1.2) isazelo (UZL NC 5)/ unembeza (UZL NC 1.1)/ Prefix osa.. In a word sentence is inhliziyo (UZL NC 6) conscience, guilt, equivalent to English “it / S/He is sense of right and wrong, sense of like…” when sound unit ‘isa…’ is used right, moral sense, still small voice, with a noun it often denotes simile inner voice, morals, standards, e.g osangalo. / the one like an arm. values, principles, ethics, creed, Osaqanda, UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2 like an moral belief system, compunction, egg… . Examples of UZL NC 1.1 scruples, qualms (2) Nanoma include umuntu / person,; umama / wayephika uBhekifa kodwa samuthe mother; ubaba / father; ugwava / ne isazelo. / Though Bhekifa was guava; ubhanana / banana. UZL NC 2 denying any wrongdoing, his guilt examples include umunwe / finger; was visible = guilt, culpability, umulomo / mouth; umuthwalo / guiltiness, blameworthiness, load. Prefix sound unit ‘osa…’ is only wrongdoing, wrong, iniquities, applicable to UZL NC 1.1 and 1.2. wrongfulness, criminality, “osa… = prefix sound unit simile of unlawfulness, liabilities, misconduct, UZALO Noun Cluster 1.1 and 1.2 and delinquency, sinfulness, (3) their pronoun ‘yena’ for human Watshengisa ukuthi isazelo usenazo nouns in this cluster and ‘wona’ for nakuba izenzo zakhe zazinyantisa non-human pronouns in this cluster. igazi. / He demonstrated e.g. Lona umuntu usankukhu. / This remorsefulness, though his actions person is like a chicken. Or Lomuntu were unforgivable. = remorsefulness, usankukhu. contrition, deep regret, repentance, osa… as prefix can also depict the penitence, guilt, feelings of guilt, current state, condition or mood of compunction, contriteness, sorrow, UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2. For example; shame, ‘ubaba osagula. / The father who isazi (UZL NC 5)/ inyunduluka became sick. Or the father who is still /ingunyuluka (UZL NC 6)/ uSomulando sick . Umuzi osawa. / The house /umulandisi / umakadebona / which collapsed. umugcinimafa (UZL NC 1.1) (heritage osaba… (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) The one which preserver)/ imbongi (UZL NC 6) the one had become… e.g. ubaba osaba with wisdom, knowledge, history, isangoma. / The father who has ancestral or knowledge; a historian; become a clairvoyant. a traditional and customs narrator; a osabayo (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) the scared one, chronicler, an annalist, an archivist, the frightened one, the fearful one, recorder, biographer; the intimidated one = vowel ‘o + verb historiographer; antiquarian; or adjective with prefix sa… + suffix chronologist sound unit ‘…yo’ e.g. saba / be isaziso / isimemezelo (UZL NC frightened (verb with prefix sound 5)/umubiko (UZL NC 1.2) notice, unit ‘sa…’, …yo = suffix sound unit . 223
Osabela. (UZL NC 1.1 human nouns singular ) You usandanezwe / umbombayi (UZL NC must respond. ; You must react. ; You 1.1) something that is so common, must acknowledge. ; You must give a something that is everywhere, the shout. , You must indicate your one who is there to expand the presence. E.g. Wentombazane! nation, clan, tribe or country’s Osabela uma ubizwa. / Hey! You girl, influence (check usandanezwe for you must respond when called. = more possible translations) prefix vowel ‘o…’ + ‘verb’. No usawoti (UZL NC 1.1)/ itshwayi (UZL NC 2) additional suffix sound unit. salt osakazane (UZL NC 8.1)/ imitsholwane usaziwa / umuntakabani (UZL NC 1.1)/ (UZL NC 10) the biggest pockets, big isicukuthwane (UZL NC 5) the famous packs, big packages, e.g. osakazane one, a celebrity (check osaziwayo bempuphu. / The biggest pocket of above) maize meal usually above 25 kg osandanezwe / ombombayi (UZL NC sa… 8.1) common things, common people, sa… = we: past tense e.g. Sahamba cheap things, easily accessible things nezwe. / We left with the country. or people, things that anyone on the Present tense = Sihamba nezwe. / We street can buy, ordinary stuff, normal go with the country. things, typical things, average things, saba / thuka / hlasimulelwa the downtown stuff, unexceptional, umuzimba / iba netwetwe / run-of-the-mill, plain, simple things qhaqhazela / bulawa ukwesaba or people (isenzo/ verb) be fearful, be afraid of, be osawoti (UZL NC 8.1)/ amatshwayi (UZL NC fearful of, be scared of, be 7) salts apprehensive of, dread, live in fear osaziwayo / omuntakabani (UZL NC of, go in terror of, be terrified of, 8.1)/ izicukuthwane (UZL NC 9) the tremble before, cringe from, shrink celebrities, the famous people, VIPs, from, flinch from; be anxious about, very important people, the worry about, panic about, feel personalities, the big names, the consternation about, have famous names, the household names, forebodings about, the stars, the superstars, sabeka / thusa (isenzo/ verb) look scary, be frightening, scaring, hair-raising, terrifying, petrifying, spine-chilling, blood-curdling sabela / phendula (isenzo/ verb) answer, reply to, say something in response to, acknowledge, indicate e.g. Sabela usa… uma ubizwa. / Respond when called. usa… as prefix can also depict the Greet, (2) Fear for e.g. Ngisabela current state, condition or mood of impilo kababa wami. / I am scared UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2. For example; for my father’s life. ‘Ubaba usagula. / The father is still sabisa / thukisa / tatazelisa / sick. = still, qhaqhazelisa (isenzo/ verb) scare usakazane (UZL NC 1.1)/ umutsholwane someone, frighten someone, make (UZL NC 1.2) a pocket above 5kg. (Check afraid, make fearful, make nervous osakazane above) (2) sabisa / thusa look scary, be scary, be frightening 224
Sadla. (first person plural, remote past tense) We sanganela / hlanyela / gulela-ate. Sadlala. (first person plural, remote past tense). ngekhanda / gulela (isenzo/ verb) be mad We played. at, be made mad sahha /saha / sika (isenzo/verb cut sanganisa / hlanyisa / gulisa (isenzo/ using a saw or chain saw, cut, slice verb) cause another to go mad, make sakaza / tshela uwonkewonke another sick (isenzo/ verb) broadcast, make public, sanganiswa (isenzo/ verb) be driven make known, (2) report, issue a insane, be made mad statement about, declare, state, set sangene / halnya / gula (isiphawulo / forth, put out, post (3) sakaza / adjective) mad, crazy, insane, mentally-ill sikaza / sabisa (isenzo/ verb) threaten, satshwa / sabeka / twetwezelisa intimidate, frighten (2) sakaza / (isenzo/ verb) be feared, be intimidating, hlaphaza / hlakaza / cakaza / be frightened, be full of terror ngcolisa (isenzo/ verb) scatter about, satshiswa / twetwezeleswa / strew round, throw about, litter, gcwelezwa (isenzo/ verb) be intimidated, make untidy be terrorised sala /hlala / shiywa ngemumva (isenzo/ verb) stay behind, remain behind, ase… stay behind, stay put; wait, wait Ase… (a=UZL NC 7+ location) e.g.,. Asendlini. / around, linger, stick, continue, be They are in the house. ; Asesikoleni. / left, hold on, hang on, lodge, rest, They are at school. Remember, delay, pause, stop. sound unit ‘ase…’only applies to UZL salela (isenzo/ verb) be left behind e.g. NC 7 nouns e.g. amantombazane / UThandi usalela izingane zakhe. / girls; amaqanda / eggs. Thandi is left behind for her children ase… (a=UZL NC 7concord + location) (2) stay for Amantombazane asekhaya. / The salele / shiyeke (isiphawulo / adjective) left girls are at home. (2) The girls of my behind e.g. UThemba usalele home. Sound unit ‘ase…’ performs emumva. / Themba is left behind. the function of locative and qualifier salisa / yekela emumva / shiya for UZL NC 7 nouns. ngemumva (isenzo/ verb) leave behind Asebenza… (a=UZL NC 7 concord + verb) They …sanda (isandiso / adverb) just e.g. work … e.g. Amantombazane Kusanda kwenzeka. / It has just asebenza elabhoretri. / The girls happened . Sisanda kufika. / We have work in the laboratory. just arrived. Ngisanda kuzwa ngalolu udaba. / I have just heard about this ese… tale. Basanda kudla. / They (UZL ese… (UZL NC 5 possessive NC 8.1) have just eaten. agglutinative sentence words with sangana / hlanya / phambanelwa prefix vowel ‘i…’ Isandla ikhanda / gula ngekhanda (isenzo/ verb) esentombazane. / The hand is for the be crazy, be mad, be insane, be girl. Isandla / hand = UZL NC 5; mentally ill, be lunatic, be intombazane / girl = UZL NC 6. unbalanced, be unhinged, be Eseqanda. / It is for the egg. Isidleke unstable, be disturbed, be distracted, eseqanda. / The nest is for the egg. be manic, be frenzied, be raving, be Isidleke / nest = UZL NC 5; iqanda = distraught, be frantic, be hysterical, UZL NC 2; esemizi / it is for the be delirious houses. Isicabha esemizi / The door is for the houses. Isicabha / door = 225
UZL NC 5 and imizi / houses = UZL incident, scene, eventuality, affair, NC 10.. circumstance, phenomenon, episode, Ese… (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) the one that is adventure, experience, occasion, … e.g. ingane esemumva. / The child action, activity, development, that is behind . accident, case, business, thing isenzo / isenzakaliso (UZL NC 5) ise… action, deed, act, activity, move, ise… (UZL NC 6 & 10) It / They are at … gesture, undertaking, (2) verb; an e.g. Imbongolo isemujahweni. / The action word donkey is at the racing marathon. isethi / ikhithi (UZL NC 6) set, kit, Imiphakathi isephalamende. / The apparatus, equipment, rig, outfit, communities are in parliament. canteen; box, case. isebe / igatsha / iziko (UZL NC 2)/ iseshi (UZL NC 6)/ ibhande (UZL NC 2) sash, isigceme (UZL NC 5) / umunyango (UZL NC belt, cummerbund, waistband, girdle 1.2) (isakhiwo senhlangano isexwayiso / isixwayiso (UZL NC 5)/ esingaphansi kwesinye) branch, a ukuqwashisa (UZL NC 4)/ uqwashiso wing, sub-division, department, (UZL NC 3) warning, notice, alert, sector, field, discipline, area base caution, premonition, isekela (UZL NC 2)/ umusekeli / iseva (UZL NC 6) / isithebe (UZL NC 5) a umesekeli / umusizi (UZL NC 1.1)/ serving dish (2) iseva (iseva isibonda (UZL NC 5) deputy, vice, second yekhompyutha) server (UZL NC 6) = a in command, second, number two, computer operating network box subordinate, junior, auxiliary, which manages access to a adjutant, lieutenant, subaltern centralized resource or service. isekeni (UZL NC 5) second-hand, pre- owned item, used property ose… isekisi (UZL NC 2) circus ose… The one who is at… (UZL NC isela (UZL NC 2)/ isigebengu 1.1 & 1.2) e.g. umuzi osehlathini. / A /isigcwelegcwele / isigelekeqe (UZL house that is in the forest. Ubaba NC 5)/ utsotsi (UZL NC 1.1) a thief, robber, osemugidweni. / The father who is at burglar, housebreaker, cat burglar, the entertainment centre. shoplifter, pickpocket, sneak thief, usebe (UZL NC 3)/ umufantu / mugger, larcenist, stealer, pilferer, umunkenke / umuqhewu (UZL NC 1.2)/ poacher; embezzler, swindler; isikhala (UZL NC 5) a crack, crack, criminal, villain fissure, cleft, crevice, break, fracture, iselesele / isele / ixoxo (UZL NC 2) frog breach, rip, tear, cut, rent, slash, slit iseli (UZL NC 6) cell, tissue (2) indlu Use… is, or has, has already = yakwasidlodlo; iseli- elimunyama UZLNC 1.1 & 1.2 e.g. Umama / isithangami (UZL NC 5) a prison cell, a usephekile. / The mother has already dungeon, an oubliette, a lock-up, a cooked.; Umuzi usedolobheni. / The prisoner room house is in town. Umama usebenza iselula / iselulafoni (UZL NC 6)/ eGoli. / The mother is working in umakhalekhukhwini (UZL NC 1.1) Johannesburg. Usenzeni? (UZL NC cellphone, cellular-phone, mobile- 1.1) What has he/she done? / phone Usenzeni manje futhi? / What has isemishi (UZL NC 5) sandwich he/she done now, again? isenzakalo / isenzeko / isehlo / Umuntwana usenzeni-ke manje. / isigameko (UZL NC 5) occurrence, event, What has the child done now? 226
sebenza / fukuza /zikhandle / second, recommend (2) hold up with juluka (isenzo / verb) work, labour, something, support with something, toil, exertion, effort, slog, drudgery, make it stable with something the sweat of one's brow; industry; sekiwe / xhasiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) service supported, enabled, sebenzelani …. (isenzo / verb) Work sekwa (isenzo / verb) be supported for e.g. Sebenzelani ikusasa sela / qinela / phaphela / delela eliqhakazile. / Work for a brighter (isenzo / verb) take advantage of someone, future. bully, torment, persecute sebenzela (isenzo / verb) work for sele / shiyeke / silele (isiphawulo / adjective) sebenzisa (isenzo / verb) use; apply; left behind e.g. UThoko usele ekhaya. utilise ; make use of; e.g. Sebenzisa / Thoko was left behind at home. ibhodwe elikhulu / Use the big pot = seliwe (isiphawulo / adjective) woken up late, use, utilize, make use of, avail woken up after set time e.g. oneself of, employ, work, operate, Ngiseliwe. / I woke up late too late. wield, ply, apply, manoeuvre, selwa (isenzo / verb) wake up late, wake manipulate, put to use, put into up after the desired time or set time, service, find a use for, resort to. be late. Ngaselwa. Ngaxoshwa. / I sebenzisa kabi (isenzo / verb) misuse, woke up late. I was fired. misapply, misemploy. UThemba senga (isenzo / verb) milk, draw off, uyisebenzisa-kabi lena imfoloko. Or siphon, bleed, pump off, tap, drain, uThemba uyisebenzisa –kabi extract, withdraw. lemfoloko / Themba is misusing this (2) exploit, take advantage of, cash in folk. (2) sebenzisana-kabi (isenzo / verb) on, impose on, bleed, suck dry, fleece, cause one to work awkwardly, squeeze, wring, blackmail. badly, terribly, not working as a team sengela (isenzo / verb) milk for (check player, senga above for more possible sebenzisa-kahle / sebenzisisa (isenzo translations) / verb) use properly, apply properly, sengile (isiphawulo / adjective) has milked employ correctly, utilize according to (check senga above for more possible specifications translations) sebenzisanani / bambisananani sengisa (isenzo / verb) make someone to (isenzo / verb) work together, unite, milk, cause someone to milk (check cooperate, collaborate, senga above for more possible sebenzisela (isenzo / verb) use it for, translations) apply it for, utilize it for sengiswa (isenzo / verb) be made to milk sebenziswa (isenzo / verb) be made to (check senga above for more possible work by someone or something translations) sefa / cwenga / vova (isenzo / verb) sift, sengwa (isenzo / verb) be milked (check sieve, strain, screen, filter, riddle, senga above for more possible purify, refine translations) seka / xhasa (isenzo / verb) support, setha / lungisa / qoqa (isenzo / verb) set, endorse, put one’s weight behind; decorate, organize, arrange, put to second; vote for (2) hold up; provide order, adorn, beautify, leaning, keep in position, keep setshenziswa (isenzo / verb) be used, be straight manipulated sekela / xhasa (isenzo / verb) give setshenzwa (isenzo / verb) be worked on support to, provide support to, (2) be used for something (3) be 227
recruited for something, be worked esibabayo / the chillie hot one., the on in terms of convincing you to bitter one.; esibalweni (undaweni / locative) follow or do domething, be to / at / in / from the sum or number manipulated esibanini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / seva / weta (isenzo / verb) serve, from the light distribute food, serve as a waiter or esibanzi (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a waitron broad one; esibayeni (undaweni / locative) in / to / from asi… / at the kraal Asi… let us e.g. Asikhuleke / Let us esibi (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a pray; Asivume. / Let us agree. ugly one (***Please note that when prefix esibhakabhakeni (undaweni / locative) to / sound-unit ‘asi…’ is subsequently at / in / from the sky followed by ‘…nga…’, it is in negation esidala (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a e.g. Asingavumi. / Let us not agree.; old one, the rotten one, the / a Asingabuzi. / Let us not question. mature one, the experienced one ***It is also important to remember eside the / a tall one, the / a long that when a verb has suffix vowel ‘i’ one, the / a lengthy one and features prefix ‘a’ and ‘infix’ esifubeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / ‘…nga…’ it is always in negation. from the chest Asi… prefix sound-unit ‘a…’ + ‘si…’ = esifundweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in negation such as (i)we are not …(ii) / from the lesson we cannot … (iii) we do not … e.g. esihle (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a Asibaboni. = We cannot see them.; beautiful one Asibabonanga. We did not see them. esikhaleni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / (them = UZL NC 8.1).; Asibali. / We from the space, gap, crack (a) are not counting. ; Asibahle. We are ukuthushuka esikhaleni = to not beautiful. ; appear from nowehere Asibazi. We don’t know them. esikhathini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in (them = UZL NC 9); Asiboni. We / from the time (a) ukuba can’t see.. ; Asibonwa. We can’t be esikhathini = to be having or in seen. ; Asilutho. We are nothing.; menstrual period, to menstruate Asinalutho. We have nothing.; esikhulu (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a Asinakho. We don’t have it.; big one, the / a massive one, the / a Asinazo. We don’t have them.; large one Asikho. - We are not in. esincane (isiphawulo / adjective: UZL NC 5) the / a Asi… prefix sound-unit ‘a…’ + ‘si…’ + small one; the / a tiny one verb with suffix vowel ‘e…’, positive isibabazo (UZL NC 5) exclamation = Let us … e.g. Asihambe. / Let us isibaca (UZL NC 5)/ ithafa (UZL NC 2) go. ; Asihlale. / Let us stay; Asidle. something flat, a flat thing, level, Let us eat. Asithule. / Let us be horizontal, leveled; smooth, even, quiet. Asibale. / We must count. isibalelo / isibali (UZL NC 5)/ ikhalikhuletha (UZL NC 6) calculator, a esi… measurement, a ruler, a tape esi… (UZL NC 5) = The one that is … e.g. measure, isitsha esihle / a dish that is isibalo (UZL NC 5)/ ukuhlanganisa (UZL NC beautiful; a beautiful dish; a beautiful 4)/ inani (UZL NC 2) sum, number, bowl, cup, saucer, plate, spoon etc.; amount, quantity, volume, 228
arithmetical problem, problem, isibiko / isethulo (UZL NC 5) calculation, reckoning, tally presentation , submission, isibalulo / isichasiso (UZL NC 5)/ proffering, offering, tender, umuniningwane (UZL NC 1.2) tendering, advancing, proposal, description; detail; explanation; propounding, suggestion (2) detailed account; qualification (2) admission of guilt by in-laws., adjective admission of liability by in-laws from isibambo (UZL NC 5)/ inkibe (UZL NC 6) the groom’s side alternatively a list handle, knob; haft, shank, stock, of gifts from the bride’s family shaft, grip, handgrip, hilt members during the lobola isibani (UZL NC 5)/ ilambu (UZL NC 2)/ negotiations or admission of isikhanyiso (UZL NC 5)/ ithoshi (UZL NC 2) paternal responsibility and liability. light, lighter, lamp, torch, flashlight, The bride’s family must accept headlight, headlamp, sidelight, clemency and in return will call for standard lamp, wall light; street isibizo which is a compensation for light, flicker, floodlight; lantern, the ‘damages. candle, taper, beacon. isibili (UZL NC 5) / impindakabili / isibangathi / isifaniso (UZL NC 5) impinda (UZL NC 6) second, twice, next, simile, similitude, likeliness following, after the first, subsequent, isibangeli (UZL NC 5)/ umusuka / ensuing, succeeding, repetition imbangela / okudale / isizathu isibiliso / isikhukhumalisi (UZL NC 5) / (UZL NC 5) cause, causal factor; iyisti (UZL NC 6) yeast, fermentation reason, grounds, justification, substance isibangiso (UZL NC 5)/ eliphikisayo isibindi (UZL NC 5) / ubuqhawe (UZL NC 8.2) (UZL NC 5) opposite, antonym, bravery, courage, courageousness, contrast, conflicting, pluck, pluckiness, braveness, isibankwa / isigcililishane (UZL NC 5) fearlessness, intrepidity, lizard intrepidness, nerve, daring, audacity, isibaya (UZL NC 5) kraal boldness (2) isibindi (UZL NC 5) liver isibaxa / isixembe (UZL NC 5) isibingelelo (UZL NC 5) greeting, hello, something broad, wide, large, big. salute, salutation, address, welcome, isibazi (UZL NC 5)/ ishandu (UZL NC 2) hailing; nod, wave, mark, blemish, disfigurement, crack acknowledgement isibebebe (UZL NC 5)/ umulomomanzi isibizo (UZL NC 5) calling (2) a fine or (UZL NC 1.2) talkative, chatty person compensation from the bride’s side. isibele (UZL NC 5) a man’s breast (2) Remember, there is isibele (UZL NC 5) / ububele = an act of isibomu (UZL NC 5)/ ubudedengu (UZL NC kindness, compassion, tender- 8.2) / inhloso (UZL NC 6) / amabomu (UZL heartedness, goodwill,, affection, NC 7) deliberate deed, intention , care, warmth, gentleness, calculated action, conscious act tenderness, concern, isibomvu (UZL NC 5) red mud, red soil isibeletho (UZL NC 5) / inzalo (UZL NC 6) isibonelo / isifaniso / isibonisi (UZL ovary, reproductive organ NC 5)/ umufanekiso / umuzekelo (UZL isibibithwane / isilokozane (UZL NC 5) NC 1.2) / okutshengisayo (UZL NC 4) / successive breath taking after crying isifundo (UZL NC 5) example, specimen, for long, continual crying, residual sample, (2) ideal thing; precedence, crying, sorrowful state after the lead, guide, model, pattern, release of tension blueprint, template, paradigm, 229
standard; parallel case; role model. isibozi / isihlava (UZL NC 5)/ (3) warning, caution, lesson, ukukhunta / ukubola (UZL NC 4) rot, deterrent, admonition; sign, signal rotten something, decay, message, moral. decomposition; corrosion; mould, isiboniso (UZL NC 5)/ iphupho (UZL NC 2) / mildew, blight, canker; putrefaction, inkanyiso (UZL NC 6) revelation, sight, putrescence; wet rot, dry rot. dream, daydream, reverie, mental isibubulo / isiqubulo / isaga (UZL NC picture, conceptualization; plans, 5)/ uhayo / uhasha (UZL NC 3) / hopes; fantasy, fancy, flight of fancy, itoyitoyi (UZL NC 6) a slogan, fanciful notion, pipe dream, delusion, catchphrase, catchline, catchword, figment of the imagination, prospect jingle, saying, legend; motto, mantra, (2) apparition, spectre, phantom, isibukeli (UZL NC 5) / umubukeli (UZL NC hallucination, ghost, wraith, shadow, 1.2) / isithameli / isethameli (UZL NC 5) manifestation, chimera, illusion, spectator, witness; viewer; on mirage, image; imagination looker, eyewitness, bystander, non-isibonda / isigxobo (UZL NC 5)/ participant, sightseer; commentator, ugodo(UZL NC 3) pole, post, pillar reporter, monitor isibongelo (UZL NC 5)/ indumiso (UZL NC 6) isibuko / isipili (UZL NC 5) mirror, / utuso (UZL NC 3 ) / uhayo (UZL NC 3) / looking glass, reflector, reflection, inkondlo (UZL NC 6) praise, honour, reflector surface, replica, copy, self-thanks, glory, glorification, worship, image devotion, exaltation, adoration, isibulalambiza (UZL NC 5) a destructive poem; veneration, reverence, tribute person, an unruly person, an ill isibongo / isithakazelo (UZL NC 5)/ discipline person, a delinquent, a imvelaphi (UZL NC 6) surname, family devious person name, last name, patronymic, isibulalamagciwane / lineage, family genealogy, praise isibulalagciwane (UZL NC 5) product name, family identity, designed for killing bacteria isibopho / isifungo / isibophezelo isibulalazinambuzane / (UZL NC 5) oath, commitment, vow, isibulalanambuzane (UZL NC 5) insect sworn statement, promise, pledge, repellant / repellent, insect doom, avowal, affirmation, attestation, doom, product for killing insects word of honour, word, bond, isibumbu (UZL NC 5)/ ingquthu / guarantee, guaranty; (2) contract, inkomozi / inkomo (UZL NC 6)/ agreement, commitment, umusunu (UZL NC 1.2) the whole arrangement, settlement, component that houses a woman’s undertaking, understanding, vagina compact, covenant, pact, bond; deal, isibungu (UZL NC 5)/umubungu (UZL NC bargain; treaty, concordat, 1.2)/ unompeshwana (UZL NC 5)/ convention, entente (3) commitment, impethu (UZL NC 6)/ isihlava (UZL NC 5) / responsibility, obligation, duty, tie, unoshobishobi / unompeshwana charge, liability, burden, pressure; (UZL NC 1.1) worm undertaking, task, engagement, isibutubutu (UZL NC 5) plump person, arrangement (4) marriage vows loveable person isibopho (UZL NC 5)/ intambo (UZL NC 6) / isibhabhabha / isithingithingi / ifindo (UZL NC 2) / indophu (UZL NC 6) / isibhanxa / isiphukuphuku (UZL NC umuchilo (UZL NC 1.2) rope, string, knot 5)/ usebentina (UZL NC 1.1)/ 230
isidawudawu / isilima (UZL NC 5) fool, isibhozo / isishiyagalombili (UZL NC idiot, stupid person 5)/ u-eyithi (UZL NC 1.1) eight, 8th, isibhadu (UZL NC 5)/ ishande / ibala number 8, 8 (UZL NC 2) spot, stain, mark, spot, isibhubhubhu / isishingishane (UZL spatter, splatter, blotch, dot, dirt NC 5) haste, flurry, hurry, bustle, isibhakabhaka (UZL NC 5) sky confusion, commotion, turmoil; rush, isibhakela (UZL NC 5)/ inqindi (UZL NC 6) race, scramble, scurry, speed, fist, clenched hand swiftness, rapidity, quickness; isibhamu (UZL NC 5)/ ivolovolo isiBhunu (UZL NC 5)/ i-Afrikansi (UZL NC 6) /iphistili (UZL NC 2)/ inganono (UZL NC 6)/ Afrikaans language umbayimbayi (UZL NC 1.1) pistol, isicaba (UZL NC 5)/ ukundlalekile / revolver, gun, handgun, side arm, six- ukunaba (UZL NC 4) / ubucaba (UZL NC 8.2) shooter, thirty-eight, derringer,; level, horizontal, smooth, even isibhaxu (UZL NC 5)/ induku (UZL NC 6)/ isicabucabu (UZL NC 5)/ ulwembu (UZL NC uswazi (UZL NC 3)/ isigwebo (UZL NC 5)/ 3) spider imvubu (UZL NC 6) beating, battering, isicabha (UZL NC 5)/ umunyango (UZL NC thrashing, thumping, pounding, 1.2)/ ucango (UZL NC 3)/ isivalo (UZL NC 5) drubbing, punishment door, doorway, portal, opening, isibhebhe (UZL NC 5)/ ibhilibhodi (UZL NC hatch, entrance, entry, exit, egress 6) billboard, placard isicacisisi / isicolisisi (UZL NC 5) isibhedi (UZL NC 5) joker, humorist, brightner, anything to shine or give comedian, comedienne, comic, funny an extra shine on something man/woman, wag, wit, jester; isicaciso / isichachiso (UZL NC 5)/ prankster, practical joker, hoaxer, umuniningwane (UZL NC 1.2)/ trickster, clown; imininingwane (UZL NC 10) description, isibhedlela (UZL NC 5)/ account, explanation, elucidation, umutholampilo / illustration, representation umuthombompilo (UZL NC 1.2) hospital; isicathamiya (UZL NC 5)/ ucothoza (UZL healthcare facility NC 1.1) a choral music with no isibhobo (UZL NC 5)/ ihlaba (UZL NC 2)/ instruments coupled with slow ubuhlungu (UZL NC 8.2) sharp pain, movements; the famous group of this ache, aching, soreness, hurt, throb music genre called the Ladysmith isibhocobhoco (UZL NC 5)/ Black Mambazo, KwaZulu-Natal, ukukhathala (UZL NC 4)/ (ukushona South Africa (2) isicathamiya (UZL NC komoya phansi ) / ubumvithi (UZL NC 5)/ uzingelo (UZL NC 3)/ ukuzingela (UZL 8.2) / isicobecobe (UZL NC 5) tiredness, NC 4) hunting mild depression, melancholy, misery, isicathulo / isihlangu (UZL NC 5)/ sadness imbadada (UZL NC 6) shoe isibhono (UZL NC 5)/ inkaba (UZL NC 6) isicebi / isigwili (UZL NC 5)/ uSozimali protruding belly -button, belly- (UZL NC 1.1) a rich person, a wealthy button, navel, umbilicus person, an affluent person, a isibhongo (UZL NC 5)/ moneyed person, well off-person, ukuziphindiselela (UZL NC 4) revenge, isicefe / isidina / isichitho / vengeance, retribution, retaliation, isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5) annoyance, reprisal, requital, recrimination, irritation, disgust, exasperation, malice, vexation, indignation, anger 231
isiceke (UZL NC 5)/ uhafu (UZL NC 5)/ isicholo / isigqoko (UZL NC 5)/ ukungagcwali (UZL NC 4) fifty per cent umuhele / umuqhele / of, bisection of; half umushuqulo (UZL NC 1.2) a tuft, a crown, isicelo (UZL NC 5) request; application; a decoration on one’s head, a hat, a plea; (2) appeal; plea bargain (3) clump prayer, invocation isichwepheshisi / isipopolo (UZL NC 5) isicephu (UZL NC 5) a small straw mat scientific tool or technique, a isici / isidalo / isilonda / isibazi scientific measurement tool, a (UZL NC 5)/ iphutha (UZL NC 2)/ statoscope umukhangu (UZL NC 1.2) imperfection, isichwensi / isideleli / isigangi (UZL defect, fault, flaw, deformity NC 5) a bully, a rude person, isiciko/ isivalo / isembozo / persecutor, oppressor, tyrant isivimbi (UZL NC 5) lid, cover, top, cap, isicwagcwisi (UZL NC 5)/ ucwangciso / covering; cork, stopper, bung, plug isivimbelinzalo (UZL NC 5) family isicoco (UZL NC 5)/ indondo (UZL NC 6)/ control, pregnancy prevention umuklomelo / umuvuzo (UZL NC 1.2) a mechanisms, birth control, medal, an award, a reward, a symbol pregnancy prevention, sexual of recognition, a laurel, wreath, disease protection, isicucu (UZL NC 5) a small piece, tiny isicwebisi / isicwengimanzi/ piece, a crumb, fragment, bit, isicwengi / isihlanzimanzi (UZL NC 5) partcicle, shred water purifier, chlorine, HTH isicuku / isicukwane (UZL NC 5)/ isicwengiso / isisefo (UZL NC 5) a sifter, umudokwe (UZL NC 1.2) sour porridge a sieve, a tool used for purification, isicukuthwane / isitatanyiswa / strainer, sifter, filter, colander, isiphakanyiswa (UZL NC 5)/ riddle, screen, muslin cloth, umuhlonishwa / umuntakabani barracuda (UZL NC 1.1) Very Important Person (VIP), isicwicwicwi / isifundiswa / Very Very Important Person (VVIP), isaziwa (UZL NC 5) the elite, elitist, the a dignitary, luminary; guest of ‘civilised’, the educated, the honour ‘knowledgeable’, aristocracy, isichelo / isifafazi (UZL NC 5) (igula nobility, gentry, upper class, lokuchelela) / (ipayipi privileged class, first class, lokuchelela) irrigation pipe, establishment; high society irrigation vessel, irrigation canister, isidakwa (UZL NC 5) alcoholic, drunkard, water pipe an alcoholic, dipsomaniac, heavy isichenene (UZL NC 5)/ (isifo drinker sokuchama igazi) bilharzia isidakwamizwa (UZL NC 5) addiction, isichitho / isigcwagcwa (UZL NC 5) a drug, dependency, dependence, form of bewitchment that leads to craving, habit, weakness, (2) one being disliked, hated by others sedation for no apparent or obvious reason; isidala (UZL NC 5)/ umulando (UZL NC 1.2)/ being unlikable; being hated esezabuna (UZL NC 9)/ ezaphambilini isichizi (UZL NC 5)/ uchwensa (UZL NC 1.1) / (UZL NC 9) the past, history, former umazithwale / umazikhukhumeza times, ancient time, historical events, (UZL NC 1.1) (umuntu ozitshelayop, days of old, the old days, the good old umuntu ozikhukhumezazo, days, time gone by, bygone days, umuntu oziphakamisayo) an yesterday, antiquity, days of yore, arrogant person, a haughty person the olden days, yesteryear 232
istresi (UZL NC 5) / ukukhathala (UZL NC 4) hive, flight, flock, covey (2) stress, exhaustion, tiredness whisperings, twitter, prattle, babble, istro (UZL NC 5) straw chatter, prate, gabble, jabber istromisi (UZL NC 5) flower girl, uswenka / umudlingqephu (UZL NC 1.1) bridesmaid a person who dresses well uswempe (UZL NC 1.1) recluse, hermit, …sw… ascetic; monk, nun; Islam marabout, santon; rare eremite, anchorite, iswayi /intshwayi (UZL NC 2)/ usawoti anchoress, stylite, cenobite. (2) (UZL NC 1.1) salt, sodium chloride; table uswempe (UZL NC 1.1) (inkomo edla salt, sea salt, marine salt, rock salt. yodwa, umuntu ohlale ehamba uswazi (UZL NC 3)/ induku (UZL NC 6)/ noma enza yedwa) = loner, igatshana (UZL NC 2) (igatsha solitary, lone wolf; introvert, elincane) / umila (UZL NC 2) piece of misanthrope; rare solitudinarian, wood, twig, small branch, shoot, solitaire, solitarian, isolate. offshoot, stem, scion, sprig, spray, swebeza / swesweza / hleba (isenzo / stick, withy, with, branch-let, (2) verb) whisper, murmur, mutter, punishment, reprieve, mild mumble, speak/say softly, speak/say punishment in muted tones, speak/say in hushed swabuluka / phaphama / vuka tones, speak/say sotto voce; breathe, (isenzo / verb) wake up, awaken, stir, come purr, say under one's breath to, show signs of life, realize, become swebezela whisper to aware of, become conscious of, swebezisa cause to whisper, (2) become cognizant of, become whisper like mindful of swela / ntula / dinga (isenzo / verb) lack, swaca / buyisa izinhlonzi (isenzo / verb) be without, have need of, be in need frown, scowl, glower, glare, lour, look of, need, be lacking, require, want, sullen, make a face, look daggers; feel the want of, be short of, be give someone dirty look deficient in, stand in need of, go swakama / nyenyeza (isenzo / verb) without, be bereft of, be deprived of, dampen, moisten, damp, wet, dew, be low on, be pressed for, not have water, irrigate, humidify, bedew enough of, be devoid of, swakeme damp sweleka / shona / ifa / phangalala swakamile dampened (isenzo / verb) die, pass away, pass on, be swakamisa (isenzo / verb) causing deceased dampness swenka / idla-ingqephu / gqoka swaya (isenzo / verb) swipe, (***pass, tap kahle (isenzo / verb) dress smart, dress or swipe a card through the beautifully, dress tastefully electronic device that reads it) swipha / vala / goqa (isenzo / verb) be a isweli (UZL NC 2)/ ubhanyanisi / u- sweeper in a debate, be the last anyanisi (UZL NC 1.1) onion person to discourse in a debate, give iswenya (UZL NC 2) (umuhlabathi the punch to the debate, summarise ovundile) rich soil, fertile soil main point of your line of argument isweswe (UZL NC 2)/ umusweswe (UZL NC and conclude with a punch, conclude 1.1) a strip, narrow piece, piece, bit, band, belt, ribbon, sash, stripe, bar, …t… swathe, slip, fillet, shred uswebezane (UZL NC 3)/ ubuswebeswebe (UZL NC 8.2) swarm, eta… 272
etafuleni on / at / from / to the tangasa / petezela (isenzo / verb) walk table with legs apart tapa / kwampuna / tapuna / ita… caphuna (isenzo / verb) scoop, hollow out, itafula (UZL NC 2) table gouge out, dig, excavate, cut out, itata (UZL NC 2)/amawala / amatata (UZL extract, take out NC 7) panic, busyness (2) overdose tatazela (isenzo / verb) be panicky, be itayitela (UZL NC 2)/ nervous, be agitated, upset, perturb, isiqinisekobunikazi (UZL NC 5) title- fluster, ruffle, disconcert, unnerve, deed distress, bother, concern, trouble, cause anxiety to, cause false alarm, ota… work up, flurry, worry otamatisi (UZL NC 8.1) tomatoes otalagwini in / to / from the mirage ite… itebhe / inoni (UZL NC 2)/ amafutha (UZL uta… NC 7) (okunonile, okuchochayo) a utalagu / udwadwa (UZL NC 3) mirage, piece of fat, fatty tissue; fat cells, optical illusion, hallucination, blubber, adipose tissue phantasmagoria, apparition, fantasy, iteketiso / incoko / ihlaya (UZL NC 2)/ chimera, trick, vision; delusion, isidlaliso (UZL NC 5)/ ijokhi (UZL NC 2) a figment of the imagination, joke, a prank, a stunt, funny story, misconception, pipe dream, day jest, witticism, quip, pleasantry; pun, dream; phantasm (2) heat-wave play on words utamatisi (UZL NC 1.1) tomato itekisi (UZL NC 2) taxi, micro bus utapolo (UZL NC 1.1) tarpaulin iteku / ihlibhasi (UZL NC 2) a tackie utata / ubaba (UZL NC 1.1) father itemu / igama / igamangqangi (UZL NC 2)/ isisho (UZL NC 5) term, word, ta… expression, phrase, turn of phrase, taka / pakisha (isenzo / verb) stack, heap idiom, locution; name, title, up, pile up, make a stack of, denomination, designation, label, assemble, put together, collect, terminology` hoard, store, stockpile. tatamisa / cokamela (isenzo / verb) ute… (phakamisa into esindayo efuna utebe (UZL NC 1.1, human / UZL NC 3, non-human)ukucoshelelwa) (isenzo / verb) handle (okuntekenteke) feeble or jelly, with care, be mindful, be heedful, be semi-liquid, mushy, soupy; wet, protective, be watchful, careful (2) soggy, slushy, sludgy something or spoil, overindulge, pamper, indulge. someone tamuza / tapa (isenzo / verb) devour, utebetebe (UZL NC 1.1, human / UZL NC 3 non-ingest, partake of, gobble up or human) (okunyakazayo) something or down; gulp down, finish off; enjoy; object that is unsteady, insecure, not serve handsomely secure, fragile, unfastened, tanasa / gungubala (isenzo / verb) walk unsecured, movable, precarious, with difficulty with legs apart; walk rocky, wobbly, wobbling, rickety, like a fat person who walks with shaky, tottery, tottering, teetering, protruding parts of the body such as doddery, unsafe, unbalanced, breasts or chest area; bums etc. unreliable 273
uTebha (UZL NC 1.1) historically a mining self-important, full of oneself, industry recruitment company of narcissistic, overbearing, bumptious, unskilled or manual workforce. lordly, presumptuous, overweening, te (isenzukuthi / ideophone) ingubo imanzi te / haughty, high and mighty, high-the dress is very wet (*** use with handed, egotistical, puffed up, something wet, dripping) = very wet, jumped-up, boastful, smug, socking wet complacent, disdainful, tebezela / ntenga / qhaqhazela / condescending, pretentious, thithizela (isenzo / verb) be wobbly, unsteady, unstable, shaky, rocky, eti… rickety; flimsy, frail, spindly, unsafe, etiyeni in the tea precarious, insecure; uneven, unbalanced (2) shaky, trembling, iti… shaking, tremulous, quivering, itilongo / ijele (UZL NC 2) jail, goal, quivery, doddery, unsteady (3) faint, prison, prison, penal institution, dizzy, light-headed, giddy; weak, place of detention, lock-up, place of weak-kneed, weak at the knees, confinement, guardhouse, quivery, unsteady, groggy, muzzy correctional facility, detention centre tebhisa / lengisa / xegisa (isenzo / verb) itilosi (UZL NC 2) sailor wear pants or skirt in low-hanging itiye (UZL NC 2)/ izinkambi (UZL NC 9)/ way, low hanging, ithibhegi (UZL NC 2) tea, (2) itiye (UZL NC tebhu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) ubomvu tebhu 2)/ ukugwazisa (UZL NC 4)/ igwaxazi (UZL yigazi / He is all covered in red NC 2) nepotism, favouritism, bribe, because of blood e.g very red, all red, inducement, ‘incentive’; irregular act absolutely red (*** use with / action / deed something red only) (2) redness itiyela (UZL NC 2) tar tefa / tetema (isenzo / verb) be tearful, be itiyetha (UZL NC 2)/ inkundla (UZL NC 6) in tears, be crying, feel like weeping, theatre, playhouse, auditorium, sob for something believed to be amphitheatre , hippodrome, trivial, be a mama’s boy or girl, be coliseum wailing, whimpering; be emotional, itiyetha (UZL NC 2) operating theatre (2) be upset, be distressed, be sad itiyetha (UZL NC 2)/ inkundlamudlalo teketa / dlalisa / ncokola (isenzo / verb) (UZL NC 6) theatre joke, be funny (check ncokola) tetema / tefa / khalela ubala (isenzo / oti… verb) cry for nothing, be tearful, otiki pennies emotional, upsetting, distressing, sad, heartbreaking, heart-rending, uti… sorrowful; poignant, moving, utiki / indibilishi (UZL NC 1.1) penny touching piece teketisa / dlalisa / ncokola / tibila / tibula / qubula / ncoka / dlala / enza ihlaya (isenzo / phakamisa (isenzo / verb) lift, raise, hoist, verb) make a joke, act funny, joke, play heave, haul up, uplift, heft, boost, put around, be humourous, amusing, strength funny, entertaining, comic, comical tifiza / xhifiza (isenzo / verb) stamp, tetemuka / qhenya / phakama / trample, step, tread, tramp, crush, zithwale / ziqhayise (isenzo / verb) be squash, flatten proud, be arrogant, be conceited, 274
titiliza (thenga ngenani eliphansi kakhulu) (isenzo / verb) buy at ridiculously cheap price, buy at a up; refine, grind (2) shayeka / izwa bargain, buy at half price or even izinhlungu / khathala (see tubeka more (2) make generous easy below) profits (3) create conditions happy tubeka (iba nomuzimba for conditions for seller and buyer obuhlungu futhi okhathele) (UZL NC 2) feel tired, feel sluggish, feel worn out, ito… feel pain all over the body itobozisi (UZL NC 2)/ isigayikudla / tubekile / khathele tired isixubikudla (UZL NC 5) food processor tabuovbe)u za / bhucuza / cubuza (see tuba itobotobo (UZL NC 2) soft thing tusa / bongela (isenzo / verb) extol, itoho (UZL NC 2) temporal job, short- praise, eulogise, speak highly of; term contract work itomu (UZL NC 2) bridle …th… uto… utofe (UZL NC 3) delicate food; cuisine etha… utokolo (UZL NC 3) fabulous water ethafeni (undaweni / locative) a place of with sprite flat surface utokoloshe / utikoloshe (UZL NC 1.1) a zombie itha… ithafa (UZL NC 2) flat surface, plain, to… grassland, flatland, lowland, pasture, toboza / botoza (isenzo / verb) press a meadowland, open country, prairie, soft object, feel by pressing down, savannah, steppe; touch ithala (UZL NC 2)/ umugibe (UZL NC 1.2) tofozela / thamba / thofozela be terrace (2) an elevated place in a soft, be cushiony Zulu hut usually used to hang the tofozisa / tofozelisa (isenzo / verb) make traditional and spiritually significant soft asset (3) ithala (UZL NC 2)/ tohoza (isenzo / verb) work part-time ingeningenile / inkumbula (UZL NC 6) toka / ditenwa (isenzo / verb) await trial, (okuleke kuthelekile) / be detained isikhukhula (UZL NC 5)/ imvula tomula / khetha (isenzo / verb) select, eyidlivayo (UZL NC 6) = flooding, choose inundation, swamping, deluge; tomulile chosen torrent, overflow, flash flood, freshet; tomuliwe been chosen downpour, cloudburst, outpouring, torrent, rush, stream, gush, surge, itu… cascade, flow itulo (UZL NC 2)/ uzungu (UZL NC 3) plot, ithalente / ikhono (UZL NC 2)/ conspiracy isiphiwo (UZL NC 5) a talent, gift, flair, aptitude, artistry, facility, knack, technique, touch, bent, ability, expertise, capacity, power, faculty; tu… strength, strong point, forte, genius, tuba / bhucuza / cubuza / brilliance; dexterity, adroitness, skill, gandaya / hlakaza (isenzo / verb) smash cleverness 275
ithamo (UZL NC 2)/ umuthamo (UZL NC 1.2) mouthful, bite, nibble, taste, bit, piece; spoonful, forkful, morsel, uthachu / uhlukumezozihambi (UZL ithamusanqa (UZL NC 2)/ inhlanhla (UZL NC 3) xenophophia NC 6)/ isibusiso (UZL NC 5) luck, fortune, uthahu / ubhikisho (UZL NC 3) blessing, gift, protracted strike ithambo (UZL NC 2) bone, uthalazi (UZL NC 1.1) (owesabayo, ithanga / ibhece (UZL NC 2) pumpkin, othukile, onovalo) igwala (UZL NC 2) an butternut, melon, water-melon anxious person, a scared person, a ithanga (UZL NC 2) thigh, upper limb fearful person, a person who is afraid above the knee uthando (UZL NC 3) (umuzwa ithangi (UZL NC 2) tank omunandi, umuzwa onamandla) ithangi-lamanzi (UZL NC 2)/ love, deep affection, fondness, isivunamanzi / tenderness, warmth, intimacy, isikhongozelamanzi / attachment, endearment; devotion, isigcinimanzi / isivunimanzi (UZL NC adoration, doting, idolization, 5) / idamu (UZL NC 2) water tank, worship; passion, desire, lust, reservoir, pool, lake, pond; water yearning, infatuation, adulation (2) supply; dam intshisekelo / intokozo (UZL NC 6)/ ithangikubhukuda (UZL NC 2)/ ukwethaba (UZL NC 4)= like, inclination, iswimingiphuli(UZL NC 6) swimming zest (3) compassion, act of kindness pool (4) umuhawu (UZL NC 1.2)/ isihe (UZL NC ithangi-lenkucuza (UZL NC 2) sceptic 5)/ uzwelano (UZL NC 3)= relationship, tank love affair, affair, romance, liaison, ithaphawe (UZL NC 6)/ isikhafutini (UZL affair of the heart, intrigue, amour. NC 5) plastic food container (5) izilokotho (UZL NC 9)/ ukukhonza ithatha / iqhimulili / (UZL NC 4)= best wishes, regards, good unontandakubukwa / wishes, greetings, felicitations, intandakubukwa (UZL NC 1.1) salutations, compliments, best, (ophaphile, obilile, oqinile, oqine respect kwaze kweqa) hyperactive person, uthango (UZL NC 3) demarcation, green delinquent, disobedient person, fence or shrub fencing, hysterical person ithaveni / ibhara / ibha (UZL NC 2) tha… tavern, bar, liquor sit in place, thaba / gcula / nama / jabula (isenzo / alcohol relaxing place, intoxication verb) be satisfied, be fulfilled, be assembly gratified, be met, be filled, be served, ithawini / idolobha (UZL NC 2)/ be happy; indulge, cater to, pander umasipala (UZL NC 1.1)/ to; appease, assuage; quench, slake, isikhungomboni (UZL NC 5) town, city, satiate, sate, borough; municipal central district thabela / gculiseleka / jabulela ithawula (UZL NC 2)/ imfaduko / (isenzo / verb) be satisfied for, be happy for indwangu (UZL NC 6) towel, a spongy thabisa (isenzo / verb) elebrate with, cloth, (phrase = lahla ithawula / celebrate for, be happy for throw away the towel = give up) thabatha / thatha / fukula / ithayili (UZL NC 2) tile qubula / phakamisa (isenzo / verb) take, grab, lift, seize, grasp, snatch, utha… grapple, grip, clasp, clutch; catch, lift, pick up 276
thaka / hlanganisela / xuba luxuriate, wallow, delight, take izithako (isenzo / verb) compound, pleasure, rejoice, glory, indulge concort, mix, combine, blend, put oneself; enjoy, relish, savour, lap up together, amalgamate, alloy, fuse, (3) thamela / lalela (thamela synthesize, coalesce, mingle, meld, isigcawu senkantolo / listen or intermingle, admix, commix, follow proceedings of the court) – commingle listen, hear, pay attention, be thakatha / loya (isenzo / verb) practice attentive, attend, concentrate on, witchcraft, bewitch, cast a spell, concentrate on hearing, give ear to, make others sick, kill others through lend an ear to, pay attention, heed to witchcraft / poison; make others be thamuza / tamuza (isenzo / verb) do disliked or hated, be full of hatred / anything orally excessively or envy / devilish intents / vengeance abundantly e.g. eat, talk, exploit thakasela / jabulela / thokozela / thamba / tapuzela (isenzo / verb ) be soft, bulela (isenzo / verb) be happy, be glad, be be mushy, squashy, pulpy, pappy, contented, content, cheerful, cheery, slushy, sloppy, squelchy, squishy, merry, joyful, jovial, jolly, joking, oozy, doughy, semi-liquid (2) jocular, gleeful, beaming, joyous, be thamba / ntofozela / thofozela / high spirits, be in a good mood, light- thamba sasipontshi (isenzo / verb) hearted, be thrilled, exuberant, be soft as a cushion = supple, elastic, elated, rapt, exhilarated, ecstatic, springy, pliable, pliant, squashy, blissful, euphoric, overjoyed, resilient, cushiony, spongy, exultant, rapturous compressible, flexible, ductile, thakazela / bongela / hayela / malleable, tensile, plastic e.g. shono (isenzo / verb) sing praise names, thamba sasilika / be soft like fabric sing praises, celebrate ones = be velvety, smooth, cushiony, genealogy /pedigree / descent / fleecy, downy, leathery, furry, silky, lineage; acknowledge ones ancestry silken, satiny, suede-effect (3) /family history; eulogize over one’s thamba / thambisa inhliziyo / blood ties and ancestors yehlisa ulaka / soften one’s heart = thakela (isenzo / verb) mix herbs for be gentle, light, mild, moderate, calm, someone (check thaka above) easy, balmy, handle with some thaklaza / thanqaza / bhaklaza / delicacy, zephyr-like. dinsila / wisa (isenzo / verb) drop thambela / thobela / hlonipha something painfully, drop something respect, esteem, hold in high regard and cause hurt, drop in a way as to (2) thambela / thobela / vuma let one’s whole body loose, drop and (thambela umuthetho) comply, break, drop and cause harm abide by, act in accordance with, thalaza / qalaza (isenzo / verb)look observe, obey, adhere to, conform to, around, look at all sides, look left and follow, respect, agree to, assent to, right, observe, notice, watch, see, consent to, concur with/in, fall in note, perceive, discern, remark, spot, with, acquiesce in, go along with, detect, discover, distinguish, make yield to, submit to, bow to, defer to; out, espy, descry, behold satisfy, meet, fulfill, measure up to thamela bask e.g. thamela isigcaki thambile soft / bask in the sun bask, laze, lie, thambisa soften (2) thambisa / lounge, relax, sprawl, loll; sunbathe, xegisa / ehlisa soften, alleviate, sun oneself, warm oneself. (2) revel, ease, relieve, soothe, take the edge 277
off, assuage, allay, dull, cushion, magnetism, drawing power, lessen, moderate, temper, mitigate, attractiveness, appeal, allure, palliate, diminish, decrease, blunt, thandiswa / langazela / hhalela / deaden, abate, tone down (3) halela / lambela (isenzo / verb) crave for thambisa-umoya / thambisumoya (especially pregnant woman), long = die down, abate, subside, for, yearn for, hunger for, thirst for moderate, let up, calm down, lessen, thandwa (isenzo / verb) be loved grow less, decrease, diminish, thandwa-ngokweqile / totosa / slacken, dwindle, weaken.(4) tetemisa (isenzo / verb) love abundantly, thambisa-umuzimba / spoil, overindulge, thambisumuzimba = relax, loosen, thangazela / qoqa (thangazela loose, slacken, unclench, weaken, ulwazi) (isenzo / verb) accumulate, collect, lessen, let up, reduce, diminish (5) assemble; amass, stockpile, pile up, thambisa / gcoba amafutha – heap up, moisturize, moisten, dampen, wet, thanqaza / wisa / dinsila (isenzo / verb) damp, dew, water, soak, irrigate, drop, let fall, relinguish humidify; literary bedew thanqazeka / dinsika / thambisela soften for e.g. thamba- phahlazeka (isenzo / verb) be dropped sadaka / tapuzela / be soft ground thasisela / nezezela / faka futhi / such as mud = be swampy, marshy, andisa (isenzo / verb) add, increase, grow, boggy, miry, fenny, oozy; heavy, get bigger, get larger, become squelchy greater, enlarge, expand, swell, rise, thanda / ifa ngento-ethize (isenzo / verb) climb, escalate, soar, surge, rocket, love, like, be fond of , favour shoot up, spiral; improve, intensify, thandana (isenzo / verb) be in love with strengthen; heighten, lengthen, thandabuza / ngabaza (isenzo / verb) extend, stretch, spread, widen, doubt, be doubtful, hesitate, be multiply, snowball, mushroom, hesitant, be unsure, be uncertain, be proliferate, balloon, build up, mount undecided, be skeptical, up, pile up, accrue, accumulate thandaza / khuleka / dlulisela- thatha / bamba / nqaka / cosha kuMudali (isenzo / verb) pray, invoke, call (isenzo / verb) take, catch, lay hold of, take on, implore, appeal to, entreat, hold of, get hold of, get into one's beseech, beg, ask/request earnestly, hands, pick, grasp, grip, clasp, clutch, plead, crave, petition, solicit, grab. (2) thatha iwolethi supplicate, importune esikhwameni sami / Take out the thandazela / khulekela / beka wallet from my handbag = remove, eNkosini (isenzo / verb) pray for pull, draw, withdraw, extract, fish; thandela / bophela (isenzo / verb) wrap confiscate, take possession of. around, bind, tie up, tether, hitch, thathaza / bhabhayisa (isenzo / verb) strap, truss, fetter, rope, chain, make wave, wag, waggle; swing, shake, fast, moor, lash, attach, fasten, fix, swish, secure, join, connect, link, couple thatheka / lutheka (isenzo / verb) be thandeka / iba nogazi / thathekisa gullible, be lured into something (isenzo / verb) be loveable, be charismatic, easily, tempt, entice, attract, induce, have charisma, charm, presence, coax, persuade, inveigle, allure, aura, personality, force of seduce, win over, cajole, beguile, personality, strength of character, bewitch, ensnare, captivate, individuality; magnetism, animal 278
thathela / zungeza (isenzo / verb) take out, emit, unpack, empty (3) thela / for (2) take a long route, takes much khokha pay rent, pay tax, pay longer, long-winded, lengthy theleka / fika ungalindelwe (isenzo / verb) turn up, appear, arrive, just athe… emerge from nowhere, put in an athembekile (UZL NC 7) the honest appearance, make an appearance (2) ones.; Athembekile. /They are theleka / chithekelwa okuthize honest. have something spill on one, have Athethelele. (UZL NC 7) Forgive them. something splash on one, be dirtied by something ethe… thelekile (isiphawulo / adjective) turned up eThekwini (undaweni / locative) in / at / unannounced, stormed (2) thelekile from / to Durban / gcolisekile splashed, dirtied ethembeni (undaweni / locative) a place of thelela / sulela / dlulisela-hope, in / at / to from hope or faith phambili (isenzo / verb) pass on, transmit, ethetheleliwe the forgiven one transfer, pass on, infect, pass on a contagious-disease, hand on, impart, ithe… channel, carry, bear, relay, dispatch, itheku (UZL NC 2)/ ugu / ulwandle (UZL mediate, disseminate, spread, NC 3) bay, cove, sea, inlet, estuary, circulate, diffuse, radiate (2) thelela indentation, natural harbour, gulf, / galelela pour for someone (3) basin, fjord, sound, arm, bight, firth, thelela / khokhela pay for anchorage, coastland something as in vehicle licence ithelevishini (UZL NC 6)/umabonakude thelile poured (2)thelile / khokhile (UZL NC 1.1)/ i- TV (UZL NC 6) television (isiphawulo / adjective) paid ithemba / iqholo (UZL NC 2)/ inkolelo thelisa / qashisa (isenzo / verb) lease, (UZL NC 6) hope, confidence, belief, faith, rent, allow for temporal stay at an certainty agreed amount, lease out, let out ithenda (UZL NC 2) (isimemo themba / iba neqholo (isenzo / verb) sebhizinisi) tender, invitation to bid trust, have faith in, put/place one's for a supply of service or product trust in, have confidence in, believe ithende / itende (UZL NC 2) tent in, pin one's hopes on, rely on, itheni (UZL NC 6)/ ijika (UZL NC 2) turn, depend on, bank on, count on, be bend, curve sure of, be convinced by, swear by, confide in othe… thembeka (isenzo / verb) be honest, be othekwane (UZL NC 8.1) hamerkops faithful, be truthful, be dependable thembekile (isiphawulo / adjective) honest, uthe… trust worthy uthekwane (UZL NC 1.1) hamerkop thembela (isenzo / verb) have faith in, be uthela / ukheshiya (UZL NC 1.1) a teller, dependent on something or a cashier someone, pin ones hopes on thela / qulela / thulula / faka (isenzo / something verb) pour, stream, flow, run, gush, thembele (isiphawulo / adjective) dependent cascade, course, spout, jet, spurt, on, reliant on flood, surge, spill, rush, well, spew, thembisa (isenzo / verb) promise, make discharge (2) thela / thulula pour- an undertaking 279
thembisile (isiphawulo / adjective) promised, ithikithi (UZL NC 2) ticket assured, guaranteed ithili (UZL NC 2) till, cash register, cash thembiswa (isiphawulo / adjective) be box, cash drawer, strongbox; promised checkout, cash desk, pay desk, thembiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) been counter promised ithimu (UZL NC 6)/ isikwada (UZL NC 5)/ thembuza (isenzo / verb) attend to more ithimba / iqoqo (UZL NC 2) team, squad, than one thing or people in order to ithimba (UZL NC 2) / izithunywa (UZL NC give equal or same level of attention 9)/ abajutshiwe (UZL NC 8.1) a thenga / khithiza (isenzo / verb) buy, delegation, deputation, delegacy, procure, tender, bid legation, (diplomatic) mission, thengela (isenzo / verb) buy for someone commission; delegates, thengile (isiphawulo / adjective) bought representatives, envoys, emissaries, thengisa / dayisa / hweba (isenzo / verb) deputies; contingent, group, party, sell, trade, market, stock, (2) body (2) assignment, entrusting, thengisa / mpimpa sell-out, tell on, giving, committal, devolution, be a traitor, snitch, inform on deputation, transference. someone ithilomu (UZL NC 2)/ irestorenti (UZL NC 6) thengisela / dayisela (isenzo / verb) sell a tea room, a café, a restaurant on behalf of someone, sell to ithiphu / igwaxaza (UZL NC 6) tip, thengiselwa / dayiselwa (isenzo / verb) gratuity buy something from someone, have something sold to one uthi… thengwa (isenzo / verb) be bought uthi (UZL NC 3)/ indukwana (UZL NC 6) a thetha / khaca / futha / iba nolaka small thin stick, thin stick, / memeza / cashuka / shingila (isenzo uthingo (UZL NC 3)/ uthingo-/ verb) shout, yell, cry, cry out, call, call lwenkosazane (UZL NC 3) rainbow out, roar, howl, bellow, bawl, call at the top of one's voice, clamour, bay, thi… cheer, yawp, yelp, wail, squawk, thikameza / didisa (isenzo / verb) shriek, scream, screech, squeal, disturb, interrupt, intrude on, butt in squall, on, barge in on; distract, interfere thethelela / xolela (isenzo / verb) forgive, with, disrupt, bother, trouble pardon, excuse, exonerate, absolve, thikamezana / didisana disturb acquit, let off, grant an amnesty to another, trouble another, confuse thethile (isiphawulo / adjective) scolded, another, worry another roared, yelled thikamezile / didisile (isiphawulo / thethisa / futha / khaca (isenzo / verb) adjective) disturbed, troubled shout or yell at someone thikamezisa / didisa (isenzo / verb) cause to do wrong, cause disturbance ithi… thikamezwa (isenzo / verb) be disturbed ithika / iconsi (UZL NC 2)/ thikamezwe (isiphawulo / adjective) inhlizwencane (UZL NC 6) (inhliziyo disturbed by encane) bad mood, bad mood, thiphaziza(isenzo / verb) kill time, keep temper, bad temper, fit of bad/ill busy pending … temper, sulk, pet, the sulks, fit of thithiza / thililiza / bhayiza (isenzo / pique, low spirits, depression, bout verb) be rickety, be disordered, act of moping, the doldrums, the blues 280
disturbingly, be flimsy, shaky, cyst, abscess, tumour, ulcer, wobbly, unstable, tottery, defective chilblain, gumboil; ithumbu (UZL NC 2) intestine (2) itho… ithumbu / ipayipi (UZL NC 2) horsepipe, ithole (UZL NC 2)/ inkonyane (UZL NC 6) tube, conduit, hose, main, duct, line, calf channel, canal, conveyor, pipeline, ithonga / idlozi (UZL NC 2)/ ongasekho drain, tubing, piping, siphon, cylinder (UZL NC 1.1) ancestor, a spirit ithuna / ingcwaba (UZL NC 2) grave, ithoshi (UZL NC 2)/ isibani (UZL NC 5)/ cemetery, ilambu (UZL NC 2)/ isikhanyisi (UZL NC 5) a ithundu (UZL NC 2) brow, eye-ridge, torch, lamp, light prominent ridge above the eye ithoyizi (UZL NC 2) a toy socket utho… uthu… uthotho (UZL NC 3) beautiful teeth; uthuli (UZL NC 3) (umuhlabathi perfect teeth owomile) dust, dry soil small or fine particles, dirt tho… uthumbu / umagcino (UZL NC 1.1) last- thola / fumana (isenzo / verb) find, locate, born spot, pinpoint, unearth, obtain, uthungulu (UZL NC 3)/ itheku (UZL NC 2)/ detect, stumble on, hit on, encounter, ugu (UZL NC 3) long coastal belt, bay, run across, run into (2) discover, uthuthu (UZL NC 3)/ intuthu (UZL NC 6) think of, invent, come up with, hit on, (umulotha oshisayo) hot ashes, turn up, bring to light, uncover, smoke (2) uthuthu (UZL NC 3)/ unearth, ferret out (3) find out, izinkungu (UZL NC 9) haze, mist, fog, receive cloud, smog; cloudiness, mistiness, tholakala be available, be accessible fogginess, smokiness, vapour, steam tholakele (isiphawulo / adjective) found uthuthuva / ufufunyane (UZL NC 3)/ tholana / zwanani / qondanani amadlingozi (UZL NC 7) hysteria, frenzy, (isenzo / verb) settle, reconcile, make wildness, feverishness, irrationality; peace, understand each other, find hysterics, loss of control; panic, panic each other attack, alarm, outburst/fit of tholela (isenzo / verb) find for, obtain for agitation, loss of reason, fit of tholisela (isenzo / verb) give someone madness, neurosis, delirium, back what they have lost derangement, mania, distress, tholwa (isiphawulo / adjective) be found mental distress uthuvi (UZL NC 1.1)/ amasimba / ithu… amakaka (UZL NC 7) faeces, stool, ithuba (UZL NC 2)/ intuba (UZL NC 6) excrement, bodily waste, waste opportunity, slot scope, moment matter, ordure, dung, manure, scat, ithuluzi (UZL NC 2)/ instrumenti (UZL NC excreta, stools, droppings, dirt, filth, 2)/ okokukhanda / okokulungisa muck, mess (UZL NC 4) tool, instrument ithumba / ithuthumba / iqhubu thu… elinobomvu (UZL NC 2) a boil, swelling, thukusa / fihla / gqiba / khweza spot, pimple, blister, pustule, (isenzo / verb) hide, conceal, keep out of eruption, blemish, carbuncle, wen, sight, keep hidden, secrete, tuck away; screen, cover, obscure, block 281
out, blot out, disguise, camouflage, thumela (isenzo / verb) transmit, convey, mask, cloak, mantle, shroud, courier, communicate; telephone, enshroud phone, broadcast, televise, telecast, thukusela (isenzo / verb) hide for radio, fax, email, upload, DHL, dated thukusile / cashisile / gqibile telegraph, wire, cable (isiphawulo / adjective) hidden, concealed thumelwa / thunyelwa (isiphawulo / thukuswa (isenzo / verb) get hidden adjective) be sent thukuswe (isiphawulo / adjective) hidden by thumelwe / thunyiwe (isiphawulo / thukuthela / dinwa / casuka / adjective) sent by, being a messenger, canuka / cikeka (isenzo / verb) be angry, being sent be irate, be annoyed, be cross, be thumba (isenzo / verb) capture, hold vexed, be irritated, be exasperated, captive, abduct, carry off, capture, be indignant, be aggrieved, be irked, seize, snatch, hold to ransom, take as be piqued, be displeased, be hostage, hijack provoked, be galled, be resentful, be thunuka / limaza (isenzo / verb) inflict furious, be enraged more hurt on a wound, evoke thula (isenzo / verb) be quite, be silent, soreness, bring back pain, exacerbate shut up, zip one’s mouth (2) thula / pain, injure, cause injury, hurt iba noxolo = be calm, be peaceful, thunukala (isenzo / verb) be affected, be have tranquility (3) thula / ehlisa / infected, be touched, be reminded of diliza offload, sad / hurtful / painful moments, be thulela (isenzo / verb) keep quiet for (2) upset, be in pain, be hurt, be take-off for (thulela isigqoko = take saddened one’s hat off for someone = thunga (isenzo / verb) sew, stitch, commend) machine stitch; embroider; seam, thulile (isiphawulo / adjective) quiet, silent hem, tack, baste; attach, fasten thulisa (isenzo / verb) quieten, make quite thungatha / bheka (isenzo / verb) look, for (2) greeting (Zion church) thulisa sniff, trail, search, chase, give chase / umusa mawube nawe = may to, pursue, stalk, course, hunt down, peace/ kindness be with you run down; track, trail, follow, thulula / diliza (isenzo / verb) empty, shadow, hound unload, unpack, unburden, thungatheka / lahleka (isenzo / verb) get disburden, clear, make vacant, lost vacate, evacuate, void, unlade thungathisisa / funisisa (isenzo / verb) thulwa (isenzo / verb) be presented, be search thoroughly, look properly, introduced search with a fine tooth comb thulwe (isiphawulo / adjective) presented by, thungathwa / funwa (isenzo / verb) be introduced by search for, be looked for, be missing thuma (isenzo / verb) send, dispatch, thungathwe / funwe (isiphawulo / adjective) post, mail, get off, convey, consign, searched for by, looked for by direct, forward, redirect, send on, thungela (isenzo / verb) sew for someone, remit, airmail design for someone (2) thungela / thumana (isenzo / verb) send about, be shisa / basa = set alight having a habit of sending other to do thungisa (isenzo / verb) help someone to something for … sew (2) train someone to design thumeka / vuma / vumela (isenzo / verb) clothes be amenable, be agreeable, be thutha / fuduka / shintsha indawo willing, consent, comply (isenzo / verb) move, convey, shift, 282
remove, take, carry, fetch, lift, bring, rich through superstition, be filthy bear, conduct, send, pass on, rich through practising witchcraft transport, relay, change, relocate, (4) thwala / qomisa ngenkani / resettle, transplant, uproot. ganisa ngenkani force a young thuthile moved, relocated woman into marriage without her thutheleka / fuhleleka (isenzo / verb) consent, force a young woman into flock together, rally, come together, marriage by force (5) thwala get together, gather, collect, meet, kanzima / cindezelwa = be muster, rally, congregate, convene, , overburdened, burden, load, foregather oppress, trouble, cause trouble to, thuthelekisa / fuhlelekisa (isenzo / verb) cause suffering to; worry, beset, bring together, assemble, get bother, harass, disturb, upset, together, call together, gather, depress, get someone down; distress, collect, round up, marshal, muster, grieve, haunt, nag, torment, harrow, summon, rally, convene, accumulate, afflict, strain, stress, tax, overwhelm, mass, amass perturb, plague, bedevil (6) thwala / thuthisa (isenzo / verb) help one move ganisa-ngenkani force to marry (6) house, be helped to relocate, cause to thwala umundeni have one’s family relocate or move dependent on one for survival = bear, thuthiswa (isenzo / verb) be helped to be responsible, be in charge of, be in move house, be relocated control of, shoulder responsibility, thuthuka / phucula (isenzo / verb) be accountable, be at the helm of, be develop, grow, enrich, improve, accountable for, be liable for, be upgrade, civilise charged with thuthuzela / qhaqhazela / thwalile (isiphawulo / adjective) carried ngqangqazela / vevezela (isenzo / verb) thwalela (isenzo / verb) carry for shaky, angry (shaky), be infuriated thwalwa / gqogqoshwa (isenzo / verb) be carried …thr… thwalisa (isenzo / verb) aide one to carry stuff ithranki (UZL NC 2) trunk thwasa / qeqeshwa / fundela (isenzo / uthrabuli (UZL NC 1.1)/ inkinga / indida verb) train for, study for, learn towards (UZL NC 6) trouble (2) thwasa / fika / qhamuka (isenzo / ithreyi (UZL NC 2) tray verb) emerge for the first time, appear ithroli (UZL NC 6) trolley thwasela (isenzo / verb) train towards thwasile emerged, arrived (2) …thw… trained thwasiswa (isenzo / verb) be trained, be ithwabu (UZL NC 2)/ ingwici (UZL NC 6) enabled to practice ubungoma hiccup, hiccough thwasiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) trained by ithwasa (UZL NC 2)/ umuqeqeshwa (UZL thwebula / thatha isithunzi / NC 1.1) trainee, sangoma trainee thatha isithombe (isenzo / verb) take thwala (isenzo / verb) thwala inyanda someone's picture/photo, ekhanda / carry a bundle of firewood take/snapshot (2) hypnoptise, on one’s head = carry, bear, load, mesmerize, send into a trance, put bring, transport, move, convey, take, under, put out, put to sleep, fetch, haul, lug, shift, deliver (2) manipulate a person psychology thwala / mitha / khulelwa = be using indigenous knowledge pregnant, carry a child in one’s belly (3) thwala / ceba ngomulingo = be rich or wealthy through magic, be 283
systems, bewitch someone (3) utshani (UZL NC 8.2) grass fascinate, entrance, beguile, tshala / qungelela (isenzo / verb) plant, spellbind, hold spellbound, transfix, sow, scatter, seed, put in the ground; be unable to take one's eyes off, bed out, set out, transplant (2) tshala captivate, bewitch, enrapture, imali kwezohwebo eGoli / invest thwebulwa / thwetshulwa (isenzo / verb) money in Johannesburg Stock be hypnoptised Exchange = invest, put money into, thwesa (isenzo / verb) help carry on the sink money into, lay out money on, head (2) thwesa / thwalisa = plough money into; provide capital burden, load, weight, charge; weigh for, spend money on, fund, back, down, encumber, hamper, overload, finance, underwrite, subsidize, overburden (2) thwesa / cindezela support, pay for; buy into, buy shares oppress, trouble, cause trouble to, (3) tshala imibono / instill one’s views cause suffering to; worry, beset, = indoctrinate, brainwash, bother, harass, disturb, upset, propagandize, proselytize, inculcate, depress, get someone down; distress, re-educate, persuade, convince, grieve, haunt, nag, torment, harrow, condition, discipline, mould; instruct, afflict, strain, stress, tax, overwhelm, teach, school, drill, ground perturb, plague, bedevil. tshalela (isenzo / verb) plant for thwesiwe (isiphawulo / adjective) burdened, tshalile (isiphawulo / adjective) planted charged tshalwa / ngcwatshwa (isenzo / verb) be thweswa (isiphawulo / adjective) be charged planted, be buried thweswe charged with (2) burdened tshalwe (isiphawulo / adjective) buried by by itshe / idwala / imbokodo (UZL NC 2) thwishika / naba (isenzo / verb) sit on the stone, rock, pebble, boulder; floor with legs straight against the (stones) cobbles, gravel, scree; floor, spread-out, unfurl, expand (2) concretion. (2) tombstone, memorial thwishika / thushuka emerge, stone (3) itshe eliligugu / treasure spring-up unexpectedly, come-out stone = precious stones, gem, from nowhere gemstone, jewel, (4) itshe (UZL NC 2) / ithwitha (UZL NC 6)/ umutshwiyoza (UZL ubunzima / ubulukhuni (UZL NC 8.2) = NC 1.2) twitter hardship, difficulty, heddle thwitha / swebeza / ncwina/ itsheketshe (UZL NC 2) / intuthane / tshiloza / tshwiyotshwiyoza (isenzo / intuthwane (UZL NC 2) / umuhlwa (UZL NC verb) twit, twitter 1.2) ant otshekile / otshekileyo (UZL NC 1.1) the …ts… slanting one (check tsheka below) utsheke (UZL NC 3) / uketshezi (UZL NC 3) / itsaki (UZL NC 2) space between teeth okumanzi (UZL NC 4) liquid, fluid, flowing, running; runny, watery, thin, …tsh… sloppy, aqueous, liquefied; melted, molten, thawed, dissolved, itshali (UZL NC 2)/ ingubo yokulala (UZL uncongealed, hydrous NC 6)/ ublankethi (UZL NC 1.1) a blanket, utshelekwano / imbolekiso / cover, covering, rug, afghan, quilt, umabolekana / umananana (UZL NC 3) eiderdown, duvet; bedcover, exchange of goods and services, bedspread, throw-over; bedclothes trade, bargaining, buying and selling, utshalo / ukhwezo (UZL NC 3) business, trafficking, investment, planting utshalomali (UZL NC 3) investment, capital-investment 284
tsheba / tyeba / ceba / nona / tshelekisa / bolekisa / nanisa (isenzo khuluphala (isenzo / verb) gain weight, / verb) lend get fat, become obese tshengisa / bonisa / khombisa (isenzo tshebisa / tyebisa / cebisa / / verb) show, exhibit, display, parade nonisa / khuluphalisa (isenzo / verb) tshengiswa (isenzo / verb) be shown fatten, cause to gain weight tshengiswe (isiphawulo / adjective) shown by tsheka / goba / gwegwa (isenzo / verb) itshitshi (UZL NC 2)/ intombazane (UZL NC slant, slope, tilt, incline, angle, tip, 6) young girl, teenage girl, cant, be askew, lean, dip, pitch, tshikiza /jwijwa / nyakaza ngapha shelve, list, bank, curve, heel, bend, nangapha (isenzo / verb) swing, sway, crook twist, curve, twirl, oscillate, move tshekisa / gobisa (isenzo / verb) cause to back and forth, move to and fro, slant, bend wave, wag, dangle tshela / khuluma / dlulisa / azisa tshikizela (isenzo / verb) swing for, sway (isenzo / verb) tell, inform, let know, for notify, apprise, make aware, mention tshikizisa (isenzo / verb) make it swing something to, acquaint with, advise, tshinga / lahla (isenzo / verb) throw, hurl, put in the picture, brief, fill in, break toss, fling, pitch, cast, lob, launch, flip, the news to; alert, warn, forewarn catapult, shy, dash, aim, direct, (2) Mutshele agudluze imoto / Tell project, propel, send, bowl him to remove the car = speak, utter, tshingela (isenzo / verb) throw for say, voice, state, declare; tshokoza / yokoza / phalaza / communicate, make known, impart, hlanza (isenzo / verb) emit orally , spew divulge, announce, proclaim, out, vomit, discharge orally, release broadcast; relate, recount, narrate, orally, give out/off, pour out, send give an account of, set forth, unfold, forth, throw out, void, effuse, vent, retail, report, chronicle, recite, give vent to, issue; leak, ooze, shed, rehearse, describe, portray, sketch, excrete, disgorge, secrete, eject, delineate, depict, paint, weave, spin spout, belch (3) Tshela amasosha ayeke tshuda / dayiva (isenzo / verb) dive, dive ukudubula / Tell the soldiers to stop over the wave, ride the surfboard firing = instruct, order, give orders, and ride on the crest of a wave, swim command, direct, charge, enjoin, call under water, go under water, on, require, bid (4) Wabatshela submerge, sink; snorkel, scuba dive ukuthi wayengekho ngenkathi (2) plunge, plummet, nosedive, kuhletshwa / She told them that she descend, jump, fall, drop, swoop, was not part of the gossip = assure, pitch (3) leap, jump, lunge, launch promise, give someone one's word, oneself, throw oneself, go headlong, swear, guarantee, warrant (5) bolt, dart, dash, rush, scurry; duck, Batshele konke okwaziyo ngalelicala dodge (4) skyrocket, travel through / Tell them all that you know about the air, wing its way, wing, glide, this case = reveal, show, give soar, evidence of, disclose, indicate, tshuza / juza /consa / gxiza (isenzo / convey, signify, display, exhibit (6) verb) drip, dribble, drop, leak promise you won't tell? give the game away, talk, tell tales, open …tshw… tsheleka / boleka / nana (isenzo / verb) borrow, hire, lease, loan, rent, let, utshwala (UZL NC 8.2) / amakwebevu (UZL NC 7) alcohol, liquor, 285
itshwele / ichwane (UZL NC 2) fowl , (2) Lokhu okushiwo ngumongameli young bird asingakuthathi njengevangeli / That which is purported by the president …tw… should not be treated as gospel truth = the truth, the whole truth, the itwani (UZL NC 2) spleen naked truth, gospel truth, God's utwayi (UZL NC 3) scabies truth, the honest truth; fact, actual itwetwe (UZL NC 2) shivering fact, what actually/really happened, twetwezela (isenzo / verb) shiver reality, actuality, factuality, the case, so, verity, a certainty (3) Kumele …v… sishumayele ivangeli loxolo kubalandeli bethu / Let’s ensure iva… messaging of peace to our followers = iva (UZL NC 2) / okuhlabayo (UZL NC 4) doctrine, dogma, teaching, principle, thorn ethic, creed, credo, theory, thesis, ivaba / ivaka / igwala / inina (UZL NC ideology, idea, ideal, position; belief, 2) coward, weakling, milksop, tenet, canon, conviction, persuasion, namby-pamby opinion. ivaka / inuku / ixebe (UZL NC 2) a dirty ivazi (UZL NC 6)/ ukhamba lokuhlobisa person, an untidy person, a (UZL NC 3) a vase, decorative ornament, disorganized person, a filthy person ivaka / igwala (UZL NC 2) coward, uva… weakling, milksop, namby-pamby uvala (UZL NC 1.1)/ inkakha (UZL NC 6)/ ivakashi (UZL NC 2) / umatshingeyana umpetha / uchwepheshe (UZL NC 1.1) (UZL NC 1.1) / uqonda / umuqaphi (UZL NC the best, finest, greatest, top, 1.1) a watchguard, a carguard, a foremost, leading, pre-eminent, sentry, a guard, sentinel, lookout, premier, prime, first, chief, principal, watch, watchman, patrol, picket; supreme, of the highest quality, ivamba (UZL NC 2) / uphongoza (UZL NC 1.1) superlative, unrivalled, second to a careless person none, without equal, nonpareil, ivangazi (UZL NC 2) / unsurpassed, unsurpassable, okumaqhabhaqhabha (UZL NC 4) peerless, matchless, unparalleled, spotted object, spotty thing, dotty unbeaten, unbeatable, unexcelled, object, mottled, dappled, dapple, optimum, optimal, ultimate, pied, piebald, brindled, brindle, surpassing, incomparable, ideal, speckled, speckly, flecked, specked, perfect; highest, record-breaking stippled uvalo (UZL NC 3)/ ingebhe (UZL NC 6)/ ivange (UZL NC 2) / ingxubevange (UZL NC itwetwe (UZL NC 2)/ ukwesaba / 6) / okuxutshiwe (UZL NC 4) a mixture, ukwethuka (UZL NC 4) anxiety, worry, assortment, miscellany, medley, concern, apprehension, melange, blend, variety, mixed bag, apprehensiveness, nervousness, mix, diversity, collection, selection, nerves, edginess, tension, tenseness, assemblage, combination, stress, misgiving, trepidation, ivangeli (UZL NC 2) / ubuKrestu (UZL NC 8.2) foreboding, consternation, / inkolo (UZL NC 6) gospel, Christianity, uneasiness, unease, fearfulness, fear, religion, missionary work, Christian disquiet, disquietude, perturbation, teaching, Christ's teaching, the life of fretfulness, agitation, angst, suspense Christ, the word of God, the good (2) eagerness, keenness, desire, news, Christian doctrine, the New Testament, the writings of the evangelists. 286
impatience, longing, yearning (3) to, be a regular client of, go to cartilage at the lower end of the regularly, go to repeatedly, attend, breast-bone, the pit of the stomach attend frequently; haunt, patronize, uvanzi (UZL NC 3)/ inhlakanhlaka (UZL NC spend time in, spend all of one's time 6) scattered people or objects, in, loiter in, linger in disorganization, unsystematic vamisa / jwayela / qhela (isenzo / verb) arrangement , anything lacking regularly do something, habitually structure, process or methodology, do or say something disorder, chaotic, arbitrary vandalayiza / mosha / cekela-uvati (UZL NC 1.1)/ intelagugu / intela phansi (isenzo / verb) vandalize, destroy, / iveti (UZL NC 6) Value Added Tax spoil, ruin, wreck, disfigure, blight, (VAT), tax, Personal Income Tax mar, blemish, impair, flaw, deface, (PIT), Company Income Tax or scar, injure, harm, devastate, Corporate Income Tax (CIT) damage, vatha / gqoka (isenzo / verb) dress up, put va… on clothes, put on uniform, put on vakasha / zula / hambela / church clothing, put on spiritual ngcebeleka (isenzo / verb) visit, stay in, gown (2) vatha / hloniphisa = be stop over in, spend time in, holiday self-respecting in; tour, drive round, go round, vathisa / mbathisa clothe someone, explore, see, view, inspect, survey cover someone, cover vakashela / hambela (isenzo / verb) visit vathazela / hamba ungaphethe someone, visit a place, pay a visit lutho (isenzo / verb) be inattentive, be vakashisa / hambisa (isenzo / verb) cause incautious, be negligent, be remiss, someone to visit, tour with someone, be forgetful, be absent-minded, be send to heedless, irresponsible, impetuous, vala / buyisela / khiya (isenzo / verb) reckless be sloppy (2) walk close, shut, draw/pull/push to, slam, barehanded, walk without anything fasten; put the lid on, bar, lock, latch, even for self-defence purposes, walk padlock, secure, seal, put up the or arrive at someone’s house with shutters absolutely nothing on hand, walk valeka (isenzo / verb) be broke, penniless, naked, unclothed, undressed, moneyless, bankrupt, insolvent, uncovered (3) be shoddy, slapdash, poor, poverty-stricken, slipshod, scrappy, slovenly, impoverished, impecunious, unconsidered, amateurish, negligent, penurious, indigent, in penury, lax, slack, wild, disorganized; hasty, needy, destitute, ruined, down and be hurried, be perfunctory, cursory, out (2) be closable be sketchy, hit-or-miss; inaccurate, valelisa / cela-indlela (isenzo / verb) say imprecise, inexact, incorrect, wrong, good-bye, announce departure, erroneous, be error-ridden. advise when living, wish those behind well ive… valelwa / boshwa / dwadla (isenzo / ivelakancane (UZL NC 2) / verb) be locked in, be imprisoned, be ingqayizivela (UZL NC 6) / iqabuqabu incarcerated, be locked in jail (UZL NC 2) / amaqabuqabu (UZL NC 7) an vama / jwayela (isenzo / verb) persist, unusual occurrence, rarity, frequently do something, develop uncommon, abnormal, atypical, habit, visit often, be a regular visitor unexpected, surprising, unfamiliar, 287
unwonted, different; strange, odd, Afrikaans, speak French, speak curious, out of the ordinary, western languages extraordinary, out of the way, veva / qhaqhazela (isenzo / verb) shake, unorthodox, uncustomary, vibrate, tremble, quiver, quake, unconventional, outlandish, offbeat, shiver, shudder, judder, jiggle, ivelivethi (UZL NC 2) velvet wobble, rock, sway, swing, roll, iveni (UZL NC 6) / ibhakhi (UZL NC 6) / oscillate; convulse, tremble, quiver, isikeqane (UZL NC 5) van, police van, a quake, shiver, shudder, shake like a bakkie, leaf ivesi (UZL NC 2) verse vevezela / qhaqhazelela shake for ivesti (UZL NC 2) vest vevezelile / qhaqhazele shaken iveyili (UZL NC 2) veil, wedding gown, veveziswa / qhaqhazeliswa be ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) an illegitimate shaken by person or child veza / tshengisa (isenzo / verb) show, exhibit, display, put on show, put on uve… view, expose to view, present, unveil, uvelabahleke / usomahlaya (UZL NC set forth; arrange, reveal, 1.1) / ikhomediyeni (UZL NC 6) a publicize, make public, make known, comedian, an entertainer vezela show to, display to uvemvane (UZL NC 3) butterfly ivi… ve… ivi (UZL NC 2) kneecap, patella vela / qhamuka / lunguza (isenzo / verb) ividiyo / ividyo / ifilimu (UZL NC 6)/ appear, become visible, come into isithombe (UZL NC 5) a video, a film, a view, come into sight, materialize, cinema, a show, take shape; informal pop up, bob up iviki / isonto / iveki (UZL NC 2) a week velabahleke / jabulisa / thokozisa ivila (UZL NC 2)/ isinamba (UZL NC 5) a lazy (isenzo / verb) be a comedian, bring person, a slow person pleasure to people, entertain ivimbela (UZL NC 2) preventive vele / vese / kunjalo / kadeni / charm (2) a water snake empeleni / ekubeni / kodwa / ivishini (UZL NC 6)/ iphuphompilo / kanti anyway, nonetheless, iphuphomubono (UZL NC 2)/ umubono nevertheless, in spite of (UZL NC 1.2)/ iphuphofika (UZL NC 2)/ that/everything, nonetheless, even ungofika (UZL NC 1.1) vision, so, however, but, still, yet, though, be imagination, creativity, creative that as it may, for all that, anyhow, power, inventiveness, innovation, regardless inspiration, intuition, velela / bonakala / donsa-amehlo perceptiveness, perception, breadth / gqama / hluka / qhakamba (isenzo / of view, foresight, insight, far-verb) be outstanding, be remarkable, sightedness, prescience, be excellent, be noticeable, be discernment, awareness, distinguishable, be visible, be extra- penetration, shrewdness, sharpness, ordinary, be beyond expectation, be cleverness. eye-catching, be vivid, be striking, be iviza / imvumengenazwe / unavoidable, be distinct iphasiphothi egunyaziwe / velile appeared, emerged, visible ingunyazo / ingunya (UZL NC 6) a visa; veteza (isenzo / verb) speak in foreign passport endorsement, language, speak English, speak 288
iviyo / iqoqo (UZL NC 2)/ isiqhoqho (UZL wind up, discontinue, cut short, NC 5) team, group, squad, side, band, interrupt, nip in the bud; immobilize, bunch, company, party, gang, paralyse, deactivate, shut down. selection, crew, troupe, set, line-up, vimbela / nqandela / misela / array; body, corps, cadre, phezisela (isenzo / verb) stop for, block, partnership, alliance, working party, prevent, hinder, obstruct, impede, posse block, bar, preclude; dissuade from, iviyo / impempe / ikhwela (UZL NC 2) a hamper whistle vimbezela / chithela isikhathi (isenzo / verb) delay, detain, hold up, make late, uvi… retard, keep (back), slow up, slow uvi (UZL NC 1.1)/ uzungu (UZL NC 3) a plot, a down, set back, bog down; hinder, conspiracy, a ploy, hamper, impede, obstruct (2) attack, cause harm vi… vimbezelile delayed, held up vika / casha (isenzo / verb) take cover, vimbisa (isenzo / verb) make one to stop, protect, shield, shelter; envelop, make one to obstruct enfold, engulf, enclose, tuck, cup, vininiza / gijima / qhenqeleza (isenzo surround, house, sink, embed, bury, / verb) speed, hurry, run very fast, race, submerge, immerse. hit the road, sprint, dash, bolt, dart, vikela / khusela / cashisa / hlenga rush, hasten, hurtle, career, streak, (isenzo / verb) protect, keep safe, keep vithika (isenzo / verb) be worn out; be from harm, save, safeguard, shield, exhausted, be overused, wither, be preserve, defend, cushion, shelter, disfigured screen, secure, fortify, guard, vithiza / shaya (isenzo / verb) shatter, mount/stand guard on; watch over, smash, smash to smithereens, break, look after, take care of, care for, tend, break into pieces, burst, blow out; keep, mind, afford protection to, explode, implode; splinter, crack, harbour, house, hedge, inoculate, fracture, fragment, disintegrate; insulate informal bust, shiver. vikisa (isenzo / verb) cause to hedge vithizeka/ thintitheka / vuthuluka vikwa (isenzo / verb) be avoided (isenzo / verb) fall off, be destroyed, be vilapha / nqena (isenzo / verb) be lazy, ruined, be wrecked, be blasted, be lethargic, listless, lacking in energy, blown off unenergetic, lifeless, inert, inactive, viva / hloma (isenzo / verb) forward, slow, torpid, dull advance, consolidate, arm, get ready, vimba/ /khalima (isenzo / verb) hinder, go hamper, obstruct, impede, inhibit, vivinya / phenya (isenzo / verb) check, arrest, restrict, limit, deter, interrogate, investigate, question, curb, interrupt; halt, stop, bar, put questions to, cross-question, prevent, thwart, baulk, frustrate, foil, cross-examine, quiz, probe, scotch, circumvent, catechize, sound out; interview, vimba / nqanda / phezisa / examine, debrief vivinya / hlola phelisa / qeda / misa (isenzo / verb) stop, examine, inspect, survey, scrutinize, put an end to, put a stop to, bring to look at, look into, enquire into, study, an end, end, bring to a stop, halt, investigate, scan, sift, delve into, dig bring to a halt; finish, bring to a into, explore, probe, check out, close, terminate, bring to a standstill, consider, appraise, weigh, weigh up, 289
analyse, review, vet; subject to an thesis, estimate, estimation, examination.(2) vivinya / hlola e.g. conclusion, verdict; statement, Vivinya lezingane ukuze sibone ukuthi observation, remark, point; angle, seziyasazi yini isiZulu noma isiNguni / stance, posture, standpoint, Examine these kids to test their approach understanding of isiZulu and Nguni = uvocavoco (UZL NC 3)/ ukujima (UZL NC 4) test, quiz, question, set an exercise, physical activity, examination for; assess, appraise.(3) movement, exertion, effort, work; a Kumele balethe amagama abo bonke work-out training, drilling; labo abazovivinywa / they must name gymnastics, sports, games, PE all the participants to be examined = (physical education), PT (physical interrogate, put questions to, ask training), aerobics, step aerobics, questions of, quiz, question, cross- jogging, running, circuit training, examine, cross-question; catechize, isometrics, eurhythmics, keep-fit, give the third degree to, probe, dancercise, body-building (2) sound out uvocavoco (UZL NC 3)/ ukuhlolwa (UZL NC ivolontiya (UZL NC 2)/ uzinikele (UZL NC 4) task, piece of work, problem, 1.1) a volunteer assignment, piece of school work, ivolovolo (UZL NC 2)/ isibhamu (UZL NC 5) piece of homework, essay, a revolver, a gun, a pistol, examination (3) uvocavoco / ivondwe / igundane / ibuzi (UZL NC 2)/ uhlolokhono (UZL NC 3) professional imbiba (UZL NC 6) a rat specie, cane rat, skill assessment, practical a rat, a mouse, (2) scoundrel, wretch, assessment, practical use rogue assessment, practical utilization ivoti (UZL NC 2)/ ukhetho (UZL NC 3) vote, evaluation, employment skill election observation, practice, putting into ivovo (UZL NC 2)/ isisefo (UZL NC 5) a practice, application, operation, strainer, a filter, a sifter, a purifier exertion, performance, ovocovoco (UZL NC 8.1) soft objects implementation, discharge, uvobo (UZL NC 1.1)/ accomplishment. (4) uvocavoco-okungenamusebenzi / lwezempi (UZL NC 3) military exercises, okuyisithipha (UZL NC 4)/ udoti (UZL NC manoeuvres, operations; war games, 1.1) useless thing, futile, pointless, field day, game plan purposeless, impractical, obsolete, uvolo (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwuli (UZL NC 6) cotton-refuse, waste (2) useless person, wool, wool incompetent person, ineffective, uvovo (UZL NC 3) honey-dew found in worthless, ineffectual, incapable, aloe, aloe juice inept, inadequate, hopeless, weak, uvoyizane (UZL NC 3)/ usawoti bad, no good; omahhadla (UZL NC 1.1)/ itshwayi (UZL NC uvo (UZL NC 3)/ umubono / 2)/ usawoti (UZL NC 1.1) course salt, umucabango (UZL NC 1.2)/ rough salt indlelakubona (UZL NC 6) a view, voca / khama / vocavoca (isenzo / verb) opinion, point of view, viewpoint, squeeze, compress, press, crush, belief, judgement, reckoning, way of squash, pinch, nip, grasp, grip, clutch, thinking, thinking, thought, notion, flatten, knead; mash, pulp; wring, idea, conviction, persuasion, attitude, screw (2) exercise, work-out, work feeling, impression, concept, out, do exercises, keep fit, train, drill, conception, hypothesis, theory, engage in physical activity 290
vokomala / khukhumala / vova (isenzo / verb) squeeze, tumble dry, vuvukala (isenzo / verb) swell up, be vovozela / chelela / manzisa (isenzo / puffed, expand, bulge, distend, verb) wet, dampen, damp, moisten, become distended, inflate, become humidify; sprinkle, spray, splash; inflated, dilate, become bloated, soak, saturate, waterlog, flood, bloat, blow up/out, puff up, balloon, deluge, douse, souse, drench; hose fatten, fill out, intumesce down, water, irrigate, ret, sop volontiya / sebenza ngaphandle kwenkokhelo (isenzo / verb) volunteer avu… (2) volontiya / zinikele / sebenza avulayo opening UZL 7 as in ngaphandle kwenzuzo offer amavesi avulayo (opening verses) services without remuneration, offer services without pay, volunteer, evu… offer, tender, proffer, present, put evulandi in / at / to / from the forward, put up, venture veranda vongxa / gxambukela / xhwambukela / ngena izindaba ivu… ongazazi (isenzo / verb) interfere, fall ivukusi (UZL NC 2)/ imvukuzane (UZL NC into, jump into, butt into, barge into, 6)/ ishoshaphansi (UZL NC 2) a mole (2) pry into, nose into, be nosy about, a spy, a double agent, a secret agent intrude into, intervene in, get ivukuthu (UZL NC 2) speckled pigeon, involved in, intercede in, encroach (2) speckled, flecked, specked, on, impinge on, impose oneself on, freckled, freckly, spotted, spotty, meddle in, tamper with, tread on dotted, stippled, sprinkled, mottled, someone's toes, step on someone's dappled, blotchy, brindled toes ivulandlela (UZL NC 2) boy-scout; (2) vongxa / ikha (isenzo / verb) scoop, ivulandlela (UZL NC 2)/ umusunguli (UZL hollow out, gorge out, dig out, NC 1.2) a pioneer, a champion excavate ivumo / iculo (UZL NC 2)/ isihlabelelo voshoka / hlonipha (isenzo / verb) (UZL NC 5)/ ingoma (UZL NC 6)/ curtsy, bob, genuflect, bend one’s umubhedesho (UZL NC 1.2) tune, a knees when given something as part chorus, song, melody, hymn, anthem, of appreciating the gesture of song of praise, canticle, chorale, goodwill, bend one’s knees when psalm, carol, chant; antiphon, introit, talking or greeting the elders and doxology, spiritual, paean, plainsong respectable people ivumba / iphunga / iqaqa (UZL NC 2)/ voshozela / hlala phansi (isenzo / verb) ukunuka (UZL NC 4) smell, odour, whiff, sit down aroma, fragrance, scent, perfume, vota / khetha (isenzo / verb) vote, choose, redolence, tang, bouquet, nose, elect, nominate, entrust, make one a stench, stink, reek, fetidness, representative, effluvium, miasma; funk, fetor, votela (isenzo / verb) vote for, elect mephitis someone as one’s representative in national, provincial or local ovu… government, elect someone as a ovulandi / ovelandi (UZL NC 8.1)/ member of school governing body imipheme (UZL NC 10) verandas, votisa (isenzo / verb) make one to vote, shelters lure one to vote 291
ovumazonke (UZL NC mutiny, revolution, insurgence, 8.1)/amawesheweshe / insurgency, rising, rioting, riot; civil amaphixiphixi (UZL NC 7)/ abazishaya disobedience, civil disorder, unrest, emumva bazishaye phambili / anarchy, fighting in the streets; coup, abangenamugogodla (UZL NC 8.1) regime change (check uvumazonke above, singular) uvukuhlale / uvukuzakhe / uovvuvuuzvelau bzeleowla) (UZL NC 8.1) trumpets (check uvukuzithathe/ uvukuphile / uzifozonke (UZL NC 1.1) a traditional / uvu… black African herb concoction uvucu (UZL NC 3)/ imvucumvucu (UZL NC believed to bring someone from bed 6)/ udoti (UZL NC 1.1)/ ukungcola (UZL NC 4) ridden situation to absolute full rubbish, waste, garbage, litter, health discarded matter, debris, detritus, uvulandi / uvelanda (UZL NC 1.1)/ scrap, dross; flotsa and jetsam, umupheme (UZL NC 1.2) shelter, veranda lumber, sweepings, leavings, uvungu / unyatheloqiniso (UZL NC 3) leftovers, scraps, dregs, odds and (ukunyathelwa kweqiniso, ends, muck (2) useless, nonsense, ukugqitshwa kwemfihlo) meaningless, balderdash, gibberish, ukumbondelana (UZL NC 4) suppressed claptrap, blarney, blather, matter of critical importance, a moonshine, hogwash, baloney, tripe, politically sensitive matter, drivel, bilge, bosh, bull, bunk, rot, hot concealment of top secret, air, eyewash, piffle, poppycock, confidentiality, classified nature, phooey, hooey, malarkey, twaddle, clandestineness, furtiveness, guff, dribble surreptitiousness, secretiveness, uvumazonke (UZL NC 1.1)/ stealth, covertness, cloak and dagger, iwesheweshe / iphixiphixi (UZL NC 2)/ mystery, seclusion, privacy, ozishaya emumva azishaye concealment, shelter, solitariness, phambili / ongenamugogodla (UZL NC loneliness, retirement, isolation, 1.1) an irresolute, spineless, craven, remoteness, sequestration cowardly, pusillanimous, timorous, uvuso (UZL NC 3)/ ivuso (UZL NC 2)/ timid, indecisive, ineffectual, useless, ukuboniswa (UZL NC 4) premonition, inept, effete, meek, tame, powerless, spiritual awareness, spiritual feeling, ineffective, impotent, namby-pamby, spiritual sensation, soul messages, faint-hearted, weak-kneed, gutless, consciousness at soul level, yellow-bellied, chicken-hearted, perception, spiritual recognition chicken uvuvu / uphephela (UZL NC 1.1) uvuko / uzalobusha (UZL NC 3)/ propeller, ukuzalwa kabusha / ukuvuleka uvuvumanzi (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwindimili amehlo (UZL NC 4) awakening, arousal, (UZL NC 6) windmill rousing, triggering off, stirring up, uvuvuzela (UZL NC 1.1) toy trumpet, a kindling, stimulation, inspiration, trumpet, a South African soccer birth, revival (2) uvuko / trumpet, a South African soccer uvukelomubuso (UZL NC 3)/ international signature umubhikisho (UZL NC 1.2)/ ukuketula (UZL NC 2) (ukuvukela umubuso, vu… ukubhuqa phansi umubuso) vuba / xuba / hlanganisela / uprising, revolt, insurrection, ndandanisa (isenzo / verb) mix, put together, blend, mingle, combine, put 292
together, stir, jumble, merge; fuse, vukuza / imba (isenzo / verb) prepare unite, unify, join, amalgamate, soil, unearth, dig and lift the soil up, incorporate, fold in, meld, marry, dig up, excavate, exhume, disinter, mesh, compound, alloy, coalesce, bring to the surface, mine, quarry, homogenize, intermingle, intermix, pull out, root out, scoop out, interweave, interpenetrate, disentomb, unbury (2) reveal, interlace; cross, cross-breed, expose, elicit, turn-up, dredge-up hybridize, integrate, emulsify, vukuzela (isenzo / verb) tilt premix, shuffle, shift around vukusisa (isenzo / verb) cause to tilt vubela (isenzo / verb) mix for (check vuba above) vula / qhekeza / gqekeza/ vuka / phaphama / vula amehlo / gengeleza / qaqa (isenzo / verb) open, kelema / thayima (isenzo / verb) wake- unlock, unlatch, unfasten, unlatch, up, wake, awake, awaken, waken-up, unbolt, unbar, uncork, crack open, arise, rouse, stir, come to, come throw wide (a) vula izandla / open around; get up, get out of bed, bestir one’s hands = receive, welcome oneself, get going, come alive (2) warmly, accommodate, understand, Vuka emaqandeni ( literal translation be compassionate = wake up from eggs = move out of vuleka / gengeleza (isenzo / verb) be one’s comfort zone, see a bigger open picture, stir up, activate, stimulate, vulela (isenzo / verb) open for spur, prod, galvanize, enliven, vulile opened refresh, invigorate, revitalize, inspire vulisa (isenzo / verb) help open (3) realize, become aware of, become vulwa (isenzo / verb) be opened conscious of, become mindful of, vulwe opened by become heedful of, become alert vuma / amukela / yebo (isenzo / verb) vukela / dayisa (isenzo / verb) turn agree, accept, say ‘yes’, concur, be of against someone, betray, double the same mind/opinion, see eye to cross eye, be in sympathy, sympathize, be vukelwa / qhenyelwa (isenzo / verb) be united, be as one man, accord; erect, have an erection, be horny (ii) acknowledge, admit, concede, grant, to be betrayed, to be let down; to be own, confess (2) Bavuma ukuxolela / double-crossed, to be deceived, to be They agreed to reconcile = consent, cheated; to be informed on, to be assent, accede, acquiesce in, accept, informed against, to be given away, approve of, allow, admit, grant, to be denounced, to be sold out, to be comply with, undertake, go along stabbed in the back with, say yes to, give one's approval vukani (isenzo / verb) wake up (many) to, give something the nod, vukubula / vula / mbula / veza recognize, acknowledge (isenzo / verb) remove covering, , remove a vumile agreed lid, take off covering (2) pave the vumela give permission to, permit, way, clear the way for, open the way allow for, make preparations for, make vumisa make to agree, coerce, provision for, get ready for, lay the vunula / gqoka ngokuhloba / foundations for, do the groundwork hloba ngengqephu / idla ingqephu for, put things in order, set the scene (isenzo / verb) dress in one’s cultural / for, smooth the path of, usher in, traditional / custom attire, dress in herald, show in, harbinger, precede, black African attire, celebrate ones be the forerunner tradition dress smartly (2) dress 293
formally, wear evening dress, doll vuna / ikha isivuno / ikha oneself up, dress to the nines, put on isitshalo (isenzo / verb) harvest, reap, get one's glad rags (3) disguise oneself, rewards (2) vuna / tetemisa / dress, put on fancy dress, wear a khusela shield, overprotect, costume, put on a disguise, wear excessively protect, spoil, protect, disguise keep safe, cover, shade, keep from vunda / bola (isenzo / verb) rot, decay, harm, afford protection to, provide decompose, disintegrate, crumble, protection for, save, safeguard, wrap, become rotten; corrode, perish, go preserve, conserve, defend, cushion, bad, go off, spoil, go sour, moulder, secure, guard, inoculate, insulate go mouldy, taint; putrefy, fester, vumbula / vumbulula (isenzo / verb) become gangrenous, mortify decode, decipher, decrypt, unravel, vunda / ceba / nona / thomba (isenzo untangle, work out, sort out, piece / verb) be fertile, be fecund, be fruitful, together, solve, interpret, translate, be productive, be high-yielding, be construe, explain, understand, prolific, be proliferating, be comprehend, apprehend, grasp, propagative, be generative, be rich, make sense of, get to the bottom of, be lush, be fructuous find the key to, find the answer to, vumazonke / thatheka / iba throw light on uthathekile (isenzo / verb) be spineless, vunela (isenzo / verb) reap for, harvest for be a ‘yes bass’, be unprincipled, vunisa (isenzo / verb) help reap harvest, agree on anything and everything, be help with harvesting, participate in docile, be subservient, be thoroughly harvesting colonized, be without self-respect vundisa / nonisa / cebisa / and actualization thombisa (isenzo / verb) enrich, fertilize, vumela / pheleka (isenzo / verb) grant add fertilizer to, make more fertile, permission, agree to, give consent to make more nutritious, improve, vumelana / hambisana / ibani- vitaminize, improve; compost, dung, muqondo -munye (isenzo / verb) agree manure, mulch, dress (2) enhance, with, compatible with, match, match make richer, improve, add to, up, accord, correspond, conform, augment, supplement, complement, coincide, fit, tally, harmonize, be in boost, upgrade, reinforce; raise, lift, harmony, be in agreement, be refine, polish, heighten, deepen, consistent, be compatible, be elevate, aggrandize, intensify, exalt consonant, be congruous, be in tune, vundula / vundulula / gubha / equate, be equivalent, dovetail, khipha (isenzo / verb) root-out, uproot, chime, correlate (2)Bayavumelana unearth, dig up, dig out, turn up, nalesi sinqumo / They agree with this bring to light, uncover, discover, decision = in agreement, settle, dredge up, ferret out, hunt out, nose decide, shake hands; arrange, arrive out, expose, deracinate (2) vundula at, negotiate, work out, thrash out, ukhula / take out weed = eradicate, hammer out, reach an agreement on, get rid of, eliminate, weed out, come to terms about, reach terms on remove, destroy, put an end to, do strike a bargain, make a deal (5) Udle away with, wipe out, stamp out, isidlo esivumelana naye / She has extirpate, abolish, extinguish eaten food that is in agreement with vundla (isenzo / verb) slant, slope, tilt, her = agreeable to, be good for, be incline, be at an angle, angle, tip, healthy for, be acceptable to 294
cant, be askew, skew, lean, dip, pitch, fire, be alight, be ablaze, blaze, go up, shelve, list, bank, heel go up in smoke, be in flames, be vungama / khononda / bhikisha / aflame; smoulder, glow, flare, flash, toyitoya / khala / sukuma (isenzo / flicker verb) complain, mumble, protest, vuthela / bhebhethela / basela / grumble, moan, whine, bleat, carp, basela kakhulu (isenzo / verb) inflame, cavil, lodge a complaint, make a exacerbate, aggravate, make worse, complaint, make a fuss; object to, worsen, compound; intensify, speak out against, rail at, oppose, increase, heighten, magnify, add to, lament, bewail, criticize, find fault amplify, augment; make matters with, run down, inveigh against worse, compound the problem vungula / bangula (isenzo / verb) floss, vuthisa / phemba / khulisa (isenzo / dental floss, clean in between teeth verb) cultivate, bring up, care for, vunyelwa (isenzo / verb) be given provide for, take care of, attend to, permission to, be given a go ahead look after, rear, support, raise, foster, vunywa (isenzo / verb) be accepted, be parent, mother, tend, feed, nourish, received, be welcomed, be provender, develop, grow, foster registered, have one’s application vuthiwe / lungile / phekekile accepted, have a positive response cooked, done vusa / phaphamisa (isenzo / verb) wake vuthula / vuthulula / vuthuza / someone up, rekindle old memories thintitha (isenzo / verb) dust (off), brush (a) vusa amanxeba (literal opening (off), preen, primp, do, titivate, wipe, of old wounds) = evoke, call up, clean, buff, brush, sweep, mop conjure up, rouse, stir, revive, vuthwa (isenzo / verb) be cooked, get awaken, refresh, renew, resuscitate, cooked revivify, rekindle, reignite, vuvukala / dumba (isenzo / verb) swell, rejuvenate, stimulate vuselela be swollen, swell out, puff up, stick (isenzo / verb) renew, revive, out, balloon, balloon up, fill out, bag, regenerate, revitalize, reinvigorate, belly, project, protrude, jut (out), restore, breathe new life into, stand out, be prominent; expand, resurrect, resuscitate, awaken, wake inflate, distend, dilate, enlarge, bloat, up, rejuvenate, stimulate; archaic intumesce renovate (2) resume, return to, pick vuvuzela / qhola / qobela (isenzo / verb) up again, take up again, come back garnish, powder, sprinkle, splash, to, reopen, begin again, start again, trickle, spray restart, recommence vuvuzela / vuthela (isenzo / verb) blow, vusela (isenzo / verb) waken up for gust, puff, flurry, blast, roar, bluster vuselela (isenzo / verb) revive, resuscitate, vuya/ jabula / thokoza / thaba reinvigorate, revitalize, reenergise (isenzo / verb) be pleased, be happy, be vuseleliwe revived, rescucitayed, glad, be overjoyed, be delighted, be reinvigorated, revitalized excited, be thrilled vusile woken vuyelwa / jabulelwa / thokozelwa vuswe woken by / thabelwa (isenzo / verb) be vuswa (isenzo / verb) be woken up, be congratulated, be commended, be advised, be counseled, be made complimented, be praised, be aware, be supported saluted, be admired vutha / basa / basela / vutha vunyelwe given permission to amalangabi (isenzo / verb) burn, be on 295
vuza / gxiza / bhoboka (isenzo / verb) diminish, fall off, drop off, go down, leak, seep (out), escape, ooze (out), grow less, lessen, dwindle; plummet, exude, discharge, emanate, issue, plunge, slump, sink, depreciate, drip, dribble, drain, bleed; spill, decrease in value, lose value, decline stream, gush out, spurt, spout, squirt, in price, cheapen, devalue spew, jet (2) discharge, exude, emit, iwaka / iningi (UZL NC 2)/ inqwaba (UZL eject, release, drip, dribble, pour out, NC 6) large-number, majority, lots, send forth, ooze, excrete, secrete (3) many (2) iwaka (UZL NC 2)/ inkulungwane (UZL NC 6) = (1000 in …vr… isiXhosa), (inkulungwane = 1000 in isiZulu) uvrandi / uvelanda (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwakawaka (UZL NC 2)/ inkumbula (UZL umupheme (UZL NC 1.2) veranda NC 6)/ izinqwabanqwaba / izindimbane (UZL NC 9) a very large …w… number, iwala / ihaba (UZL NC 2)/ ukubaxa (UZL awa… NC 4) exaggeration, overstatement, Awa… (UZL NC 7) They are of…, They overemphasis, magnification, belong to (2) They fell. amplification, aggrandizement, Awabani? (UZL NC 7) Whose are they overplaying, dramatization, (prefix noun sound unit ‘ama…’ e.g enhancement, over-elaboration, amazambane / potatoes, amasi, / over-embellishment sour-milk, amafutha / oil or fat, iwala (UZL NC 2)/ amawala (UZL NC 7)/ amaqanda / eggs ubudedengu (UZL NC 8.2) carelessness, Awakhe. (UZL NC 7) They are his or her. inattentiveness, heedlessness, Amazambane awakhe. / The thoughtlessness, negligence, potatoes are hers or his. improvidence, absent-mindedness, Awakho (UZL NC 7) They are yours e.g. irresponsibility, impetuosity, Amanzi awakho. / The water is recklessness, rashness, laxity, yours. laxness, slackness, clumsiness (2) Awazi. (UZL NC 7) They do not know. , iwala (UZL NC 2)/ amawala (UZL NC 7) They have no clue., They are exaggeration, overdose ignorant. iwashi (UZL NC 2)/ uzobho (UZL NC 1.1) a watch, a clock ewa… iwashingi (UZL NC 6) laundry, dirty ewashini (undaweni / locative) in / at / from clothes iwayini UZL NC 2) wine / to the watch iwayilense / ireyido (UZL NC 6) / umusakazo (UZL NC 1.2) a radio, iwa… transmission device iwa / ihhelekehle / igquma (UZL NC 2)/ intatshana (UZL NC 6) a cliff, precipice, owa… rock face, face, crag, bluff, ridge, Owabani? (UZL NC 1.1) Whose is it? escarpment, scar, scarp, overhang Owabo. (UZL NC 1.1: UZL NC 8.1) It is theirs. iwa / dahlazeka / phahlazeka / Owakhe. (UZL NC 1.1: UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2) It is gingqika / thanqazeka (isenzo / verb) his/hers./ his/hers drop, drop down, fall plummet, Owakho. (UZL NC 1.1: second person, singular) It is descend, come down, go down, yours. plunge, sink, dive, nosedive, tumble, Uwa… pitch; cascade, gravitate (2) Luyawa uhwebo lombila / the mielie trade is in decline = decrease, decline, 296
uwabo / untanga / untangawabo at the end of the day (2) lastly, last, (UZL NC 1.1) peer, age group, similar age, in conclusion, to conclude, in closing, equal, equivalent, peer, fellow, to end, last but not least(3) coequal, like; mate, twin, alter ego, conclusively, irrevocably, decisively, counterpart, match, parallel, definitively, definitely, absolutely, for compeer. ever, for good, for all time, once and uwabokazi / umunakwabo (UZL NC 1.1) for all, permanently woman that shares a man, husband, waka / khohlisa / gebenga / minca boyfriend with another woman or (isenzo / verb) swindle, cheat, rob, deceive, other women dupe, hoodwink, double-cross, fool, uwaca (UZL NC 3) a massacre, a trick, defraud, catastrophe, (2) spread, scatter, wakhe (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) her/ span, width, extent, stretch, reach his (3rd person) e.g umuzi wakhe / uwatela (UZL NC 1.1) wattle his/her house, umubhede wakhe / his/her bed, umuntwana wakhe / wa… his/her child wa… (remote past tense : UZL NC 1.1 & UZL NC 1.2) wakho (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of second person or third UThoko wafika emuhlanganweni / person , singular) , your, (2nd person) Thoko came to the meeting. umushado wakho / your wedding wa… = (2nd person singular & UZL NC 1.1remote past wami (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of first second person, singular)tense sound-unit concord) e.g Wakhala. / You my, (first person : Zulu opening cried.. (2) UThandi wagibela vowel to the noun ‘u…’ excluding ibhanoyi lasentathakusa mhlazane those followed by ut… ) e.g umama eya eMelika. / Thandi took the early wami / my mother, ugogo wami / my morning flight, the day she travelled grandmother, umukhulu wami / my to America. grandfather, umushini wami / my waba of flapping, (2) waba (UZL NC 1.1 & machine, umuzi wami / my house 1.2 of UZL NC 7 or UZL NC 8.1) but ‘of ‘ only Wala. S/He (UZL NC 1.1) denied. nouns with prefix vowel ‘a…’ ) of e.g, wanyaziza / yakaza (isenzo / verb) rinse, Lena indoda umalume wabantwana. / wash lightly, clean, cleanse, bathe, This man is the uncle of the children. ; dip, drench, splash, hose down, swill, Ubhanana wamantombazane. / A sluice; flush out/away, wash off, drip banana for the girls. washa / hlamba / geza / cola (isenzo / wabo of them, their (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 1.2 : verb) clean oneself, have a wash, wash 3rd person UZL NC 8.1) = umuntu wabo / He is oneself; bathe, bath, shower, have a their person/ their person, umuthi bath/shower, take a bath/shower, wabo / their medicine soak, douche, freshen-up (2) Washa wahla / fa / vu (isenzukuthi / ideophone) slap ubuso / Wash your face = clean, wahlaza / khahlaza (isenzo / verb) rattle, cleanse, sponge, scrub, wipe, scour clatter, bang, clang, clank, clink, (3) Washa udonga / Clean the walls = clunk. clean, cleanse, wash, sponge, scrub, wahle… / ekugcineni / ekupheleni mop, hose down, squeegee, sluice kosuku / emumva kwalokho / (down), swill (down), douse, swab emva kwalokho Wahle wafika / He (down), flush, disinfect(4) ended up coming = finally, Amaphoyisa afika ewasha igazi / The eventually, ultimately, in the end, by police came when she was busy and by, at length, after a long time, removing blood stains = wash off, after some time; at last, at long last, remove by washing, sponge off, 297
scrub off, wipe off, rinse off, remove, uwe… flush out/away, expunge, eradicate. uwejane (UZL NC 3) brewing trouble (5) Washa izingubo / Wash clothes = Uwena. It is you. launder, clean, tumble clean, hand uwenu / untanga / ongangawe (UZL wash, rinse (out); dry-clean, lave, NC 1.1) your peer, your match, your age wash and iron, (6) Ngizowasha group, your equal izinwele zami namuhlanje / I’m going uweta (UZL NC 1.1) waiter to wash my hair today = shampoo, uwethu / untanga (UZL NC 1.1) my peer, lather, hair salon, clean, mend ones our peer, our match, my match, hair, titivate, (shampoo, condition, rinse, treat, moisturise and style) we… Wawa. (UZL NC 1.1 , UZL NC 1.2) S/he/ It fell. we of (UZL NC 1.1, ongumunini/ possessive) Wasa bo! / Waze wasa bo! You wedwa (second person, singular) alone think you are smart. wela / jomba / eqa (isenzo / verb) cross, waso (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 5) e.g. Umusila cross-over, jump across, leap across, (UZL NC 1.2) waso. (isilwane / animal: travel across UZL NC 5) welela (isenzo / verb) cross-over for wayo (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 6 or 10) his / welisa / cushisa (isenzo / verb) help one hers / its/ their e.g. Umusila wayo. to cross (2) welisa / cushisa / (inyoka / snake UZL NC 6) = / Its tail. phucula empower with knowledge wazo (UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2: of UZL NC 9) Umudlalo enlighten, clarify wazo. Their game . (izingane / wena (isabizwana / pronoun) you, children) wenu (UZL NC 1.1, isabizwana songumunini/ possessive pronoun) yours awe… wenguka (isenzo / verb) whirl-about, be awe! / Awe Ma! Oh!, oosh! , oops, extremely angry and walk fast, Oh! Mommy, Oh! My God wethu (isabizwana songumunini/ possessive pronoun)awekho (UZL NC 7) amanzi awekho. / our e.g. umuntwana wethu / our The water is finished. child, umuhlaba wethu / our land. ewe/ yebo / ehe! / kunjalo (isandiso / wethu / ntanga (UZL NC 1.1) my peer, my adverb) yes, all right, alright, very well, age group of course, by all means, sure, weza / phephisa/ hlenga (isenzo / verb) certainly, absolutely, indeed, safeguard, protect, afford protection affirmative, in the affirmative, to, shield, screen, defend, guard, keep agreed, roger (2) agree, concur safe, shelter; preserve, conserve, eweni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / look after, save, secure. in the cliff. (2) Xhosa plural response= Yes iwi… eweni (undaweni / locative) at the edge of iwigi (UZL NC 6) wig, artificial hair, the cliff. synthetic hair iwili / intando (UZL NC 6) a will Iwe… iwindi / ifasitela (UZL NC 2)/ intuba (UZL iwele (UZL NC 2) twin, identical twin NC 6) window, casement, opening, iWeseli (UZL NC 2) Methodist Church, aperture. Wesley iwisa (UZL NC 2)/ isagila / isiqwayi (UZL iwesheweshe (UZL NC 2) smooth- NC 5) knobkerrie talker, glib person wi… iwezi (UZL NC 2) a ferryman 298
wina / phumelela (isenzo / verb) win, wonke-uwonke all, everyone, succeed, be triumphant, achieve, be everybody an achiever, be victorious Wowu! Wow! iwo… Awu… iwolitshi / i-orintshi (UZL NC 2) orange Awukho no UZL 1.1 as in awukho Iwolitshi. / isa-orintshi (UZL NC 6) It is umusebenzi (no work) orange., It is like orange colour iwozawoza (UZL NC 6)/ ugazi (UZL NC 3)/ Iwu… ukuthandeka (UZL NC 4) ultimate iwuli (UZL NC 6)/ uvolo (UZL NC 1.1) wool , attraction, appeal, attractiveness, cotton-wool desirability, seductiveness, iwundlu (UZL NC 2)/ umudlwane (UZL NC seduction, allure, allurement, 1.2)/ ithole/ inkonyane (UZL NC 2) lamb, magnetism, animal magnetism, young animal, whelp, sexual magnetism, charisma, charm, lure, enticement, entrancement, wu… temptation, inducement, interest, wubani? (derogatory) / ungubani wena? fascination, enchantment, Who are you? captivation wuhluza / mukluza / sakaza / shaya / faka / phahlaza (isenzo / verb) uwo… hit, strike, slap, smack, cuff, punch, uwonawona (UZL NC 1.1)/ iwonawona beat, thrash, thump, batter, drub, (UZL NC 6)/ ungqo (UZL NC 1.1)/ hook, pound, smash, slam, welt, okwangempela (UZL NC 4) genuine, pummel, hammer, bang, knock, swat, original, authentic, real, actual, whip, flog, cane, sucker-punch original, pukka, bona fide, true, veritable, unfeigned, unadulterated, …x… unalloyed; sterling; attested, undisputed, rightful, legitimate, Oxa… lawful, legal valid. oxamu (UZL NC 8.1) monitor lizards uwonkewonke / wonke umuntu everyone, everybody, all of them, uxa… each one of them, the entire crew, uxamu (UZL NC 1.1) monitor lizard uxathawane (UZL NC 1.1) sloppy person, wo… sloppy joe wodwa (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 – non-human nouns) only, alone xa… wohloza / phephuka (isenzo / verb) fall xabana / ilwani / shayisana / off, fade, wither, be blown, diminish, muhluzana / phikisana (isenzo / verb) drop off, go down, go downhill, quarrel, argue, have a row, row, fight, wola / thatha / qoqa / hlanganisa disagree, fail to agree, differ, be at (isenzo / verb) collect, gather, accumulate, odds, have a misunderstanding, be in assemble; amass, stockpile, pile up, dispute (2) entangle, intertwine, heap up, rack up entwine, tangle, intertwist, twist, woleka be collectable ravel, snarl, knot, coil, mat, jumble, wolela (isenzo / verb) collect for muddle wonke (UZL NC 1.1 human & UZL NC 7) xabanela / lwela / shayisanela / everyone, all muhluzanela / phikisanela (isenzo / verb) fighter over something 299
xabanisa / xova / qhatha (isenzo / verb) disconnect, sever, cut off, divorce, set cause a fight, be instrumental in apart, segregate, distinguish; isolate, causing a fight, instigate, incite (2) alienate xabana / xovana = cause xebula / hluba (isenzo / verb) peel off, entanglement remove outer skin, shave (off), xabaniswa (isenzo / verb) be made to fight remove, take off, flay; technical xabaniswe entangled by (2) excoriate instigated by, be caused to fight by xebulwa (isenzo / verb) be peeled off, be xaka / dideka / phithana (isenzo / verb) exploited, be beaten confuse, complicate, bewilder, baffle, xega / thamba (isenzo / verb) be loose, mystify, bemuse, perplex, puzzle, loose, be soft, be not fixed, be confound, befog, nonplus, disconcert, insecure, unsecured, be unattached, xakanisa (isenzo / verb) cause confusion be detached, be unfastened, be xakaniswa (isenzo / verb) be confused by, wobbly, be rickety, be unsteady, be be perplexed by, be bewildered by movable xakaza (isenzo / verb) interfere, cause a xegisa / thambisa (isenzo / verb) loosen, rumble make slack, slacken, slack, unstick; xakazisa (isenzo / verb) fight, have a unfasten, detach, release, disconnect, struggle undo, unclasp, unlatch, unbolt xakeka (isenzo / verb) be worried, be sad, xegisela / nikezela ushwele (isenzo / be unsure, be unhappy verb) loosen for, be lenient, grant xakwa (isenzo / verb) be confused by mercy something xegiselwa have leniency, have xathuka (isenzo / verb) be dirty, be full of mercy grime, be filthy xazulula (isenzo / verb) solve, answer, ixi… resolve, work out, puzzle out, ixilongo / icilongo (UZL NC 2)/ fathom, find the key to, decipher, uvuvuzela (UZL NC 1.1) trumpet decode, break, clear up, interpret, translate, straighten out, get to the xi… bottom of, make head or tail of, xibula (isenzo / verb) cut and turn over unravel, disentangle, untangle, xika / bhixa / gcoba kakhulu (isenzo / unfold, piece together, explain, verb) apply handsomely, paste expound handsomely, substantially paste, pumper abundantly ixe… xikile pasted too much, over applied ixebe / inuku (UZL NC 2)/ indaxa (UZL NC xikixiwe scratched 6)/ idaxa (UZL NC 2)/ uxathawane (UZL NC xikiza / hlikiza/ cikiza (isenzo / verb) 1.1) a very untidy person, a very dirty scratch, cross out, strike out, score person, a stinking person out, erase, remove, strike off, eliminate, cancel, expunge, uxe… obliterate, delete, uxegiso (UZL NC 3) temporal xilonga / hlola / bhekisisa (isenzo / verb) suspension, loosening, examine the body, perform physical examination xe… xina (isenzo / verb) pressurize, coerce, xebuka (isenzo / verb) pull off, pressure, press, push, persuade, disassociate, separate, detach, influence, force, squeeze, bulldoze, 300
hound, harass, nag, harry, badger, treaty, truce, ceasefire, armistice, goad, prod, pester, end/cessation/suspension of xinekile / matasatasa under hostilities, moratorium, agreement, pressure, busy, occupied, engaged alliance, concord, appeasement, xineka / xakeka (isenzo / verb) be under reconciliation a lot of pressure xoka / phosisa / qamba-amanga / xiniwe pressured senga ezimithiyo (isenzo / verb) lie, xinwa (isenzo / verb) be pressured, be fabricate, make false statements, tell pushed, be pressed, be coerced (a) a lie, tell a falsehood, fib, fabricate, xinwa ukugula be very sick, be invent a story, make up a story, chronically ill (b) xinwa isikhathi be falsify, dissemble, dissimulate under pressure with time xokela / qambela amanga (isenzo / verb) lie about someone ixo… xokiza / phixiza (isenzo / verb) rumour ixoki / iphixiphixi (UZL NC 2) trouble monger, spread false statements, lie monger, inciter of evil, agitator of about other people bad blood, a fomenter , xokozela / banga umusindo (isenzo / troublemaker, agent provocateur, verb) make noise, talk loud, cause ringleader disturbance with noise, mumble ixoxo / isele / iselesele (UZL NC 2) frog loudly, be noisy xola / dlulisa / phephisa (isenzo / verb) uxo… forgive, pardon, excuse, let go, uxolo (UZL NC 3) / ukuthula (UZL NC 4) exonerate, absolve, acquit, let off, peace, tranquillity, calm, calmness, grant an amnesty to, amnesty; make restfulness (2) serenity, allowances for, stop feeling resentful peacefulness, tranquillity , towards, feel no resentment equanimity, calm, calmness, towards, stop feeling malice towards, composure, placidity, placidness, feel no malice towards, harbour no rest, repose, ease, comfort, grudge against, bury the hatchet contentment, content, with, let bygones be bygones, contentedness, security; bliss, joy, exculpate (2) Xola uzosijwayela nirvana. lesisimo / Forgive as you shall get 3) Abantu bafuna uxolo bakhathele used to this situation = excuse, ilemibhikisho kohulumeni basekhaya overlook, disregard, ignore, pass / People want peace, they are tired of over, make allowances for, allow; these municipal protests = law and condone, let go, let pass, sanction, order, lawfulness, order, turn a blind eye to, turn a deaf ear to, peacefulness, peaceableness, wink at, connive at, blink at, indulge, harmony, harmoniousness, accord, tolerate concord, amity, amicableness, xolela (isenzo / verb) forgive someone goodwill, friendship, cordiality, non- xolelwa (isenzo / verb) be forgiven aggression, non-violence, ceasefire, xolisa /nxephezela / shweleza (isenzo respite, lull (4) Inhlangano yezizwe / verb) apologise, show remorse, say ifuna zonke izizwe eziklwebhanayo sorry, express regret, be apologetic, ziphezise ukulwa zakhe uxolo / The make an apology, ask forgiveness, United Nations is pleading with all beg someone’s forgiveness, ask for countries which are fighting to stop pardon, beg someone’s pardon and instead focus on making peace = xolisela plead for mercy for 301
xoliselwa have mercy pleaded on xoxela / tshela (isenzo / verb) speak one’s behalf about something to someone, talk to, xosha / gxosha (isenzo / verb) chase discuss with away, dismiss, discharge, give xoxisa (isenzo / verb) speak to, talk to, someone their notice, make converse with, communicate with redundant, lay off, let go, throw out, xoxisana (isenzo / verb) discuss with, get rid of, oust, depose, sack, give the speak with, talk with, sack to, axe, kick out, boot out, give someone the boot, give someone the ixu… elbow, give someone the push, give ixube /ixubi (UZL NC 2)/ ingxube (UZL NC someone their marching orders, 6) mixture, blend, brew, fusion, show someone the door concoction, (2) assortment, xoshela fire because, dismiss as a miscellany, medley, blend, variety, result of mixed bag, mix, diversity, collection, xoshelwa be fired because of, be selection, assemblage, combination, dismissed as a result of motley collection, conglomeration, xoshisa (isenzo / verb) cause one to be jumble, mess, confusion, mishmash, chased away, cause one to be fired, hotchpotch, hodgepodge, ragbag, xoshwa (isenzo / verb) be fired., be pastiche, patchwork, farrago, hash dismissed (3) cross, cross-breed, mongrel, xova / bonda / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) hybrid, half-breed, half-caste. mix , blend (2) xova / xabanisa / qhatha / enza-nzima= confuse, xu… muddle, jumble, garble, make xuba / hlanganisa (isenzo / verb) mix, complex, make difficult, blur, blend, brew, fuse, obscure, make unclear, cloud, xubana (isenzo / verb) be mixed obfuscate, embroil (3) xova / dida / xubela (isenzo / verb) mix for phithanisa = mix up, muddle up, xubha (isenzo / verb) brush one’s teeth confound; misinterpret as, mistake xukuza (isenzo / verb) shake (2) attend for, take for ante-natal clinic during pregnancy xoxa / khuluma / thetha (isenzo / verb) xukuzela (isenzo / verb) shake for talk, speak, give voice, chat; chatter, xuza / enza ngokweqisa (isenzo / verb) gossip, prattle, prate, babble, rattle strain, overtax, overwork, on, blather, blether, orate (2) xoxa overburden, overextend, overreach, umubhedo / talk rubbish = utter, overtask, make too many demands speak, say, voice, express, articulate, on, run/work oneself into the pronounce, enunciate, verbalize, ground, exert excessively, drive too vocalize (3) xoxa nabo / talk to far, exert to the limit, push to the them = converse, communicate, limit; exhaust, wear out, fatigue, tire, speak to them discuss things, have a tax; overdo it, work too hard talk, have a chat, have a tête-à-tête, confer, consult each other, negotiate, have negotiations, parley, palaver, confabulate. (4) Zange waxoxa …xh… ngomuzi wakhe / He never spoke about his house. = mention, make exha… mention of, refer to, make reference exhaphozini in / at / to / from the to, speak about, discuss. wetland 302
ixha… maintenance, financial assistance, ixhala (UZL NC 2)/ uvalo (UZL NC 3)/ subvention, alms, offerings, ingebhe (UZL NC 6) anxiety, handouts, largesse, patronage, nervousness, nerves, edginess, sponsorship, backing, scholarships, tension, tenseness, stress, misgiving, bursaries, debt remission trepidation, foreboding, suspense, uxhaxha (UZL NC 3)/ isiminyaminya / worry, concern, apprehension, isidlidli (UZL NC 5) dense, close-packed, apprehensiveness, consternation, closely packed, tightly packed, uneasiness, unease, fearfulness, fear, closely set, thick, packed, crowded, disquiet, disquietude, perturbation, crammed, jammed together, fretfulness, agitation (2) burning compressed, compacted, compact, desire, propensity, his propensity for solid, tight, overgrown, jungle-like, accidents: tendency, inclination, impenetrable, impassable, thickset. predisposition, proneness, proclivity, readiness, susceptibility, liability, Xha… disposition; aptness, penchant, xhamazela / tatazela (isenzo / verb) leaning, predilection, bent, habit, panic, be alarmed, be scared, be weakness. nervous, be afraid, overreact, ixhaphozi (UZL NC 2) swamp, wetland, become panic-stricken, take fright, marsh, bog, quagmire, mire, morass, be filled with fear, be terrified, be fen, sump; swampland, marshland, agitated, be hysterical, lose one's fenland, wetland nerve, be perturbed, get overwrought, freak, freak out (2) oxha… frighten, alarm, scare, unnerve, fill oxhaphayo (UZL NC 1.1) the lapping one with panic, agitate, horrify, terrify, oxhaphazayo (UZL NC 1.1) the freak, freak out, spook exploitative one xhantela / xhobana (isenzo / verb) be connected to another, be systematic, uxha… xhapha / huhuza (isenzo / verb) lap, uxhafuxhafu (UZL NC 3)/ drink, lick up, sip, sup, swallow, ingxavungxavu (UZL NC 6) bad food, slurp, gulp, swill, suck. tasteless and watery food, boiled xhaphaza / cindezela / hlukumeza overcooked and tasteless food (isenzo / verb) exploit, take advantage of, uxhakaxhaka / inyakanyaka / make use of, abuse, impose on, prey inyovanyova / ingxakixhaka / on, play on, misuse, ill-treat, bleed, ingxaki / ingxovongxovo suck dry, squeeze, wring, enslave, complexity, convolution, intricacy, treat unfairly, withhold rights from; density manipulate, cheat, swindle, fleece, victimize, uxha… xhaphaka / anda (isenzo / verb) uxhaso (UZL NC 3)/ inxaso (UZL NC 6)/ abundance, profusion, plentifulness, usizo / uncedo (UZL NC 3)/ profuseness, scores, copiousness, ukulekelelwa (UZL NC 4) support, amplitude, affluence, lavishness, assistance, help, aid, financial bountifulness, infinity, opulence, support, grant, subsidy, donation, exuberance, luxuriance; host, funding, contributions, subsidies, plenitude, cornucopia, riot, plenty, a benefits, welfare, gifts, social grants, lot, mass, quantities low cost housing, relief, charity, child 303
xhaphakela (isenzo / verb) spill over something ixhi… xhaphazela (isenzo / verb) splash, ixhiba / ikoyi (UZL NC 2) temporal sprinkle, spray, spritz, shower, accommodation, temporal shelter, splatter, slosh, slop, squirt; daub; backyard accommodation not linked wet. to the house usually made out of xhantela / ngenelela (isenzo / verb) moveable materials intrude, encroach, trespass, impinge, butt in, overlap, barge in, cut in, xhi… obtrude, impose oneself; invade, xhifi (isenzukuthi / ideophone) Kumane kwathi infiltrate, interrupt, infringe, violate, xhifi ngenkathi ekhuluma / I just had interfere with, disturb, disrupt; tread a crushing feeling when he spoke = on someone's toes, step on crush, mortify, humiliate, abash, someone's toes, entrench on. chagrin, deflate, demoralize, flatten, xhasa / siza / lekeleza (isenzo / verb) aid, squash; devastate, shatter; help, support, lend a hand to, be of xhifiza / tifiza (isenzo / verb) (something service to; avail, succour, sustain; soft) crush, squash, squeeze, press, support, back, back up, second, stand compress; pulp, mash, macerate, by, uphold mangle, flatten, trample on, tread on; xhawula / bamba ithambo (isenzo / xhixha / chocha / chicha (isenzo / verb) verb) shake hands, be oily, be greasy, (2) suppurate, xhaxhazisa (isenzo / verb) make wet fester, form pus, swell up, gather, discharge, rot, run, weep, ooze, come ixhe… to a head, maturate, matter. ixhegu / ikhehla (UZL NC 2) / umukhulu / umuxhiliba (UZL NC 1.2) Ixho… old man, old age man, a male elderly, ixhokovu (UZL NC 2) / umukhukhu (UZL a grey hair man NC 1.2) / indlwana (UZL NC 6) roughly built house, a shack made out of scraps xhe… and rubble, a small house, an untidly xhela / hiba / klinya (isenzo / verb) built hut choke, gag, retch, cough, struggle for xhoba /xhobana / hlanganisa (isenzo / air, fight for breath, gasp, suffocate, verb) collect and form a system, gather, asphyxiate, smother, stifle; accumulate, assemble; amass, overpower, overcome. stockpile, pile up, heap up, rack up, xheleka / hibeka / klinyeka (isenzo / run up, scrape together, store up, verb) be choking, be gagging, be hoard, save, cumulate, lay in, garner, retching, mass, increase, multiply, accrue, xhelwa / hibekiswa / klinywa (isenzo snowball, top up, stash together to / verb) be choked by someone or form one heap something, be gagged by someone or xhokozela / chukuluza (isenzo / verb) something, be retched by someone tease, make fun of, poke fun at, chaff, or something, make jokes about, rag, mock, laugh xhela / nquma / hlinza (isenzo / verb) at, guy, satirize, be sarcastic about; slaughter, butcher, slit, cut, slash, deride, ridicule, scoff at, jeer at, jibe split open, slice open, gash, lacerate, at, taunt, bait, goad, pick on make an incision in, tear, rip, pierce, knife, lance 304
xho… up, nervous, agitated, anxious, on xhoma / gxumeka (isenzo / verb) peg, tenterhooks, keyed up, hold down, keep down, fix, set, hold, apprehensive, unquiet, impatient, be control jumpy, be jittery xhopha (isenzo / verb) hurt the eye, cause xhuxhuza (isenzo / verb) bubble (sound) , temporal blindness, blind, cause boiling sound e.g isisu sakhe visual impairment, (2) trick, siyaxhuxhuza / His tummy is making swindle, hoax, fraud, confidence trick a bubbling sound xhoza (isenzo / verb) chip off, fragment, xhuxhuzela (isenzo / verb) be bubbly, crack, break off, pull out, have bubbly sound in ones tummy, boil water to create a bubbly sound xhu… xhuga / kheleza (isenzo / verb) limp, hobble, walk with a limp, walk with …xhw… difficulty, walk lamely, walk haltingly, walk unevenly, falter; ixhwala (UZL NC 2) / uvalo (UZL NC 3) / shuffle, shamble, totter, dodder, ixhala (UZL NC 2) anxiety, depression stagger, stumble xhwala (isenzo / verb) be terminally ill, be xhugela / khelezela (isenzo / verb) limp chronically ill, be immobile as a towards, hobble towards, falter result of severe illness (2) be morally towards corrupted, be depraved, debauch, xhuma / hlanganisa / namathisela debase, degrade, make degenerate, (isenzo / verb) connect, attach, join, fasten, defile, sully, pollute, poison, fix, affix, couple, link, bridge, secure, contaminate, infect, demoralize, make fast, tie, tie up, bind, fetter, vitiate strap, rope, tether, truss, lash, hitch, xhwanguza / gcweleza (isenzo / verb) act moor, anchor, yoke, chain; stick, savagely, savage, be ferocious, be tape, adhere, glue, bond, cement, fierce, wild, untamed, fuse, weld, solder; pin, peg, screw, undomesticated, feral; predatory, bolt, rivet, batten, pinion, clamp, clip, ravening add, append, annex, subjoin, xhwanguzela (isenzo / verb) be acting in a concatenate (2) associate, link, savagery manner, be acting like an couple; identify, equate, bracket, animal, be selfish, act selfishly compare; think of something ixhwele (UZL NC 2) (iba ngu-alifakwa together with, think of something in libuya nodaka) / connection with, relate to, mention undlovukayiphikiswa / umina (UZL in the same breath as, set side by NC 1.1)/ impondomisa (UZL NC 6) an side with, draw a parallel with intemperate person, immoderate, xhumana (isenzo / verb) get in touch with, excessive, undue, inordinate, xhumanisa (isenzo / verb) connect with, unreasonable, unjustified, attach with, fix with, join with, (2) unwarranted, uncalled for, extreme, facilitate communication, facilitate unrestrained, unrestricted, discussion, facilitate a discourse uncontrolled, unbridled, uncurbed, xhumela (isenzo / verb) connect for, imprudence, reckless, wild, attach for outrageous, egregious; dissolute, xhuxhuma / gcogcoma (isenzo / verb) be debauched, wanton, dissipated, restless, uneasy, ill at ease, restive, dissipative fidgety, edgy, on edge, tense, worked 305
…xw… girls, amajaji / judges, amabhungu / young men. *** Please note that xwasa / cwasa / khetha iphela ‘Ayazi’ if used in the context of UZL emasini (isenzo / verb) discriminate, be NC 6 denotes negation, yet if used biased, show prejudice, be in the context of plural noun with prejudiced; treat differently, treat as prefix ‘ama…’ or ‘ame…’ nouns is inferior, treat unfairly, put at a positive. disadvantage, disfavour, be Ayathanda. (UZL NC 7) They like… intolerant towards; victimize (2) (plural sound unit ‘ama…’) differentiate, distinguish, draw apart, recognize a distinction, tell the Eya… difference, discern a difference; Eyabo. (UZL NC 8.1 or UZL NC 8.2) It is theirs. separate, tell apart Nguni saying= eyadini (undaweni /locative) at / in / from / Khetha iphela emasini / separate a to the yard cockcroach from sour milk – Eyako. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 4) It for English equivalent = (i) separate the it. sheep from the goats, (2) separate Eyakho. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for you) It for the wheat from the chaff. you.; They are for you. xwaya / ngabaza / sola / shwama Eyalo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 2) It for (isenzo / verb) have a misgiving, have it. qualm, doubt, reservation, scruple; Eyami. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 6 & UZL NC suspicion, distrust, mistrust, lack of 10) It mine.; It is for me. faith, lack confidence, diffidence, Eyaso. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 5) It for have second thoughts, niggle, it. disquiet, disquietude, hesitation, Eyawo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 7) It hesitance for them. xwayisa / qwashisa / bonisa (isenzo / Eyayo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 6 or UZL NC verb) warn, advise, exhort, urge, 10) It is for it.; It for them. counsel, caution; put on the alert, put Eyazo. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 is for UZL NC 9)It for someone on guard (2) notify, alert, them. apprise, give notice, inform, tell, let someone know, make someone Iya… aware, give a warning to, give fair iya./ yana / hamba! (isenzo / verb) go, go warning to, forewarn, put someone on, move, move on, proceed, travel, on notice, guard, remind, raise the walk, pass alarm, sound the alarm, tip off, put iyadi / ibala / igceke / iphandle (UZL wise NC 2) yard, ground, backyard, garden; uxwembe (UZL NC 3) / isixwembe (UZL NC courtyard, court, quadrangle, 5) broad flat object enclosure, cloister, close, outside (2) quad, workshop, works, factory, …y… garage, plant, foundry, mill, industrial unit, business unit; Aya… shipyard; manufactory Ayanda. (UZL NC 7) They are iyabi / igqabi / ikhasi / icembe (UZL multiplying. They = amantombazane NC 2) a leaf / girls, amajaji / judges. Iya khona. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is going Ayazi. (UZL NC 6 & 10) S/He/ it (UZL NC 6) there. It is going exactly there. UZL doesn’t know. ; They (UZL NC 10) do not know. (2) Ayazi. (UZL NC 7) They know. They = amantombazane / 306
NC 10 = They (plural noun with emudansweni / Refuse your child to prefix ‘imi…’ go to the disco. Iya lena. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is going yalela / bikezela (isenzo / verb) give there.; It is going to the opposite directions to, show/point/indicate direction. (2) Go there. UZL NC 10 = the way; guide, steer, lead; conduct, They (plural noun with prefix ‘imi…’ accompany, usher, escort, navigate, Iyaya. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is going. pilot. yalezela / phathisa / khonza Uya… (isenzo / verb) entrust to send uyaba / uyaca (UZL NC 3) ground-cover, message on behalf of, direct to pass ground cover plants, spreading on something or message , convey, plants (2)uyaca (UZL NC 3) spread out, pass on, impart, communicate, spread out arrangement, spread out transmit, transfer; send, deliver, array , relay, purvey, tell.(2) yalezela / uyacu (UZL NC 3) , swiftness, something nikezela = entrust, commit, put into that moves at lightening speed someone's hands, consign, assign, yabela / abela / hlukanisela / render, commend. hlephulela (isenzo / verb) share, split, yalo of (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3)divide, go halves in/with, go fifty- him / his/ her/ hers/ its (i) imoto fifty in, (2) apportion, portion out, yalo / his or her car (ii) imoto yalo divide up, allocate, ration out, give unwabu / a car of a chameleon. out, distribute, dispense, hand out, yaluza / gcaluza / gcogcoma / dish out, deal out, dole out, parcel yehla wenyuka (isenzo / verb) be restless, out, measure out; carve up be jumpy, be fidgety, go up and down, move about, walk about ya… yami (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : first person, singular) yabo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10: UZL NC 8.1) their, my, mine e.g imoto yami / my car e.g. imoto yabo / their car (ii) yako (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 4) of yakaza / hlambulula (isenzo / verb) rinse, yamezela / nyamezela / bekezela remove residue of soap and other (isenzo / verb) be patient, persevere, chemicals, wash out, wash lightly, persist, continue, carry on, go on, clean, cleanse, bathe, dip, drench, keep on, keep going, not give up, splash, hose down, swill, sluice; flush struggle on, hammer away out/away, wash off. yaso (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 5) UZL NC 6 yakaza / hlambulula (isenzo / verb) rinse, or UZL NC of (it/his/her…sound unit remove residue of soap and other starting ‘is…’ ) imoto yaso chemicals, wash out, wash lightly, yawo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 7) of clean, cleanse, bathe, dip, drench, yayo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10)splash, hose down, swill, sluice; flush of (it/ his/ her … sound unit starting out/away, wash off. with ‘in…’ or ‘im..) yakho (UZL NC 1.1 or UZL NC 10 : second person, yazo (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 : UZL NC 9) its, theirs singular) your e.g imoto yakho / your e.g. Ingane yazo (izintombi / ladies) car (ii) ithambo lakho / your bone / A child of ladies. Ingane = UZL NC yala / ala / chitha / phikisa (isenzo / 6, izintombi = UZL NC 10. verb) refuse, deny, reject, dismiss, be Eyenu. (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10) It is yours. Or opposed, They are yours. yalela / nqaba (isenzo / verb) refuse for Eyethu. It is ours. Or They are ours. e.g Yalela ingane yakho ukuya iyembe / ihembe (UZL NC 2) shirt 307
iyenga (UZL NC 2)/ isinengiso (UZL NC 5)/ shoulder, cold-shoulder, freeze out, umuphingi (UZL NC 1.2) seducer, a decoy, steer clear of (3) Uthishomukhulu a tempter, womanizer, philanderer, wayekela imibono yabazali / The deceiver, adulterer school principal ignored advice(s) iyeza (UZL NC 2)/ umuthi (UZL NC 1.2)/ from parents = set aside, pay no iselapho (UZL NC 5)/ ikhambi (UZL NC 2) attention to, take no account of, veto; healing herbs, medicine, healing break, contravene, fail to comply medicinal concoction with, fail to observe, disobey, breach, oyedwa (UZL NC 1.1 human only ) one, only, defy, flout, fly in the face of; omit, alone. Sifuna umuntu oyedwa leave out, bypass, overlook, neglect, kuphela. / We want only one person. disregard, exclude Uyedwa. (UZL NC 1.1) S/he is alone. yena (UZL NC 1.1 human pronoun) s/he uyekelo (UZL NC 3)/ ukudedela / yenu (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 of yours) yours, ukubekezelela / ukuvumela (UZL NC 4) your e.g Imali yenu. / Your money. forbearance, tolerance, toleration, yenga / thatheka (isenzo / verb) allure, patience, resignation, endurance, lure, entice, induce, inveigle, fortitude, stoicism, long- ensnare; tempt, seduce; entrap, sufferingness, leniency, lenity, snare, trap. clemency, indulgence; restraint, self- yengeka /iba nguthathekile / restraint, self-control, moderation, thatheka (isenzo / verb) be decoyed into, temperance, mildness. be allured to, be seduced into, be uyengezi / ugengezi (UZL NC 3) a broad enticed, be tempted mouthed vessel yengela / halelela (isenzo / verb)envy ye… - UZL NC 6 of… UZL NC 6 or UZL something for another, be tempted NC 10 on behalf of another Yebo / ehhe / kunjalo / impela yes, yeshe! / hheshe! (usually male yedwa (UZL NC 1.1 human noun only) a lone, one greeting to another man) yeka / yekela / shiya (isenzo / verb) leave yeshi! Mame, Hhu! Hayi dade it, forget it, abandon, renounce, (sarcastic) oh! Woo! Wow!, I see relinquish, dispense with, forswear, yeshila!, yeshula!, Shosho! disclaim, disown, disavow, discard, (sarcastic) good for you , serves you wash one's hands of; give up, drop, right do away with, jettison; informal yethu (UZL NC 6 or UZL NC 10 of ours) our, ours. ditch, scrap, scrub, axe, junk Imbongolo yethu. / Our donkey.; yekela / dedela let off Imiphakathi yethu. / Our yekelela / bukelela / shaya indiva communities. (isenzo / verb) disregard, take no notice of, oyihlo / obaba bakho (UZL NC 8.1) your pay no attention to, ignore, pay no fathers heed to, pass over, shut one's eyes to, oyihlokazi / oyisekazi / obabekazi be oblivious to, turn a blind eye to, bakho (UZL NC 8.1) paternal aunt, your turn a deaf ear to, brush aside, shrug father’s sister, father’s female off, push aside, never mind, look the siblings other way (2) Wayekelela ingane oyihlo abadala / oyise abadala / yakhe isebunzimeni / He ignored her obaba-abadala bakhe (UZL NC 8.1) his child during difficult times = snub, or her senior father, his or her slight, spurn, shun, disdain, look father’s elder brothers right through, look past, turn one's back on, give someone the cold 308
oyise abancane / obaba abancane Yini ngawe? What is the matter with bakhe (UZL NC 8.1) his or her younger you? / What is wrong with you? father’s brothers yingakho / yingakho nje that is oyihlo abakhuli / oyise abakhulu / why… obaba-abakhulu bakhe (UZL NC 8.1) his Yini yona lena? What is this? or her grand fathers yisa / hambisa take to uyihlo / ubaba wakho (UZL NC 1.1) your yisa / dedelela / chwensa (isenzo / verb) father be rude uyihlokazi / uyisekazi / ubabekazi yise / Ihambise (UZL NC 6) take it to wakho (UZL NC 1.1) paternal aunt, your Yiso. / Yisona. (UZL NC 5) It is it.. father’s sister, father’s female sibling Yiyo. / Yiyona. / Iyo. / Iyona. (UZL NC 6 uyihlo omudala / uyise omudala / or UZL NC 10) It is it. or It is them. ubabomudala wakhe (UZL NC 1.1) his or Yiwo. / Yiwona. (UZL NC 7) It is them. her senior father, his or her father’s Yizo. / Yizona. (UZL NC 8.1) It is them. elder brother iyoyo (UZL NC 6) yoyo uyise omuncane / ubabomuncane Yona (UZL NC 6 or 10) it / them = UZL NC wakhe (UZL NC 1.1)his or her younger 6; them = UZL NC 10 father’s brother yodwa (UZL NC 6 or 10) alone; only uyihlo omukhulu / uyise om’khulu yonke (UZL NC 6 or 10) all of it; or all of / ubabomukhulu (UZL NC 1.1) his or her them, in their entirety grand father iyunifomu / inyufomu / Uyini? / Uyini wena? What are you? umufaniswano (UZL NC 6) uniform, Yi… / I… It regalia Yibo. / Yibona. (UZL NC 8.1 or UZL NC 8.2) It is them. …z… yiba/ iba be… (i) Yiba nguwe ungalinge ushintshe / Just be aza… & eza yourself, don’t change Azande. They (UZL NC 9) should Yibo. / Yibona. (UZL NC 8.1) It is them. multiply. E.g. Yibona bobane. / Yibo bonane. (UZL Azandiswe. They (UZL NC 9) should be NC 8.1) It is the four of them. multiplied. Yibo bonke. / Yibona bonke. (UZL NC *** Words with prefix sound unit 8.1) It is all of them. ‘eza…’ can be locatives, possessives, Yibona. (UZL NC 8.1) It is them. question words and answer words Yibo kanye. / Yibona kanye. (UZL NC concord to UZALO Noun Clusters 9. 8.1) It is them for sure. IsiZulu language concords are Yiko. ? Yikona. (UZL NC 4) It is it. arranged according to noun clusters. Yikuphi? / ikuphi? (UZL NC 4) Which Once a conversation or one? communication contains prefix eza… Yikhona. / Ikhona. It is here.; It is sound unit, automatically the subject this. ; noun under discussion is UZL NC 9. so that Pay attention to the subsequent sound Yilona. / Yilo. (UZL NC 2 or UZL NC 3) It is it. unit as it brings or introduces the yima / ima / linda (isenzo / verb) wait, object noun. In this session we are hang on going to demonstrate how prefix Yimina. / Imina. It is me. sound unit ‘eza…’ works with other Yini? What? noun clusters. Herewith are the examples: UZL NC = UZALO Noun Cluster: UZL NC 1.1 & 309
1.2 (human noun) = Ezamuphi eyes (i) Ezaliphi iqanda lezi umuntu lezi izingane? Which person izinkukhu? / Of which egg are these do these children belong to? Note that chickens? UZL NC 3 = ezaluphi? / of there are two nouns in this sentence which… Example of UZL NC 3 are namely umuntu = UZL NC 1.1 and nouns with prefix vowel “u…’ and izingane = UZL NC 9. Remember, that when they pluralise they become ‘izi…’ we know which noun clusters these e.g ulimi / tongue or language (s) words belong to because of their izilimi / tongues or languages (p) (i) prefixes and how they pluralise. Refer Ezaluphi ulimi lezi izimbuzi ? / Which to the 12 UZALO Noun Cluster tongue do these goats belong to? UZL Charter. Also note that we have also NC 4 = ezakuphi? / of which : mass stipulated the nature of the UZL NC noun with prefix uk…) e.g ukudla / 1.1. We have put in bracket (human food, ukufa / death, ukwazi / knowing noun). In other words ezamuphi UZL NC 5= ezasiphi ? / of which …, of strictly applies to human nouns in who? Singular = prefix ‘is…’; Plural = UZL NC 1.1. If it is non-human we ‘iz…’ e.g. isandla / hand, izandla / say “ezawuphi umuthi lezi izinto?” hands; isehlo / incident, izehlo / which could be in UZL NC 1.1 or 1.2. incidents For example ugwava / guava will be UZL NC 6 = ezayiphi? / of which … in UZL NC 1.1 because when it or of who? Singular with prefix in…, pluralises it becomes ogwava / im… and plural ‘izi…’ e.g imbongolo / guavas, the same as ugogo / donkey, izimbongolo / donkeys, grandmother who pluralises as ogogo inkomo / cow; izinkomo / cows, / grandmothers. However, when we inombolo / number, izinombolo / utilise prefix ‘eza’ we differentiate numbers UZL NC 7 = ezamaphi? / of between these two with ugogo we will which or who : (plural noun : prefix say ezamuphi whereas to guava we ‘ama… or ame…” e.g. amanzi / water, will say ezawuphi. All those nouns amaqanda / eggs, amehlo / eyes UZL belonging to UZL NC 1.1 pluralise NC 8.1 = ezabaphi? / of which or with prefix ‘o…’, ‘aba…’, ‘abe…’. All who? (plural noun: prefix ‘ab…’, ‘o…’ those nouns which pluralise with e.g. Abantu / people, abongi / savers, ‘imi…’ such as umuthi / medicine or ogwayi / cigarettes tree belong to UZL NC 1.2. UZL NC 8.2 = ezabuphi? Of which : *** Remember, in isiZulu language, (mass noun : prefix ‘ub…’ ,e.g. ubuso / it is only in UZL NC 1 where we face, ubuhle beauty, ubuningi / differentiate between human and majority, ubomi / life UZL NC 9 = non-human nouns. This noun ezaziphi? Of which or of who: (plural cluster is made up of two sub-noun noun : prefix ‘iz…,’ e.g. izinto / things, clusters, namely UZL NC 1.1 and izono / sins, izibonelo / examples, 1.2. Otherwise all other subsequent izethembiso / promises noun clusters do not differentiate PREFIX POSSESSIVE CONCORDS between human nouns and non- FOR UZL NC 9 = “EZAKA…” human nouns. UZL NC 2 = ezaliphi? / Sound units “ezaka…” denotes of which …. Example of UZL NC 2 are possessive, e.g.(i) Ezakabani lezi nouns with prefix vowel “i…’ and izilwane? / Who do these animals when they pluralise they become belong to? Or who possesses these ‘ama…’ or ‘ame…’ e.g iqanda/ egg, animals? The subject noun has to be amaqanda / eggs, ihlo / eye, amehlo / UZL NC 9 which is plural prefix iz… e.g 310
izandla / hands, izinyawo / feet, to father. ezabani izingane? / izeluleko / advices, izono / sins. The ezikabani izingane? /Whose children answer to this question will also have are these? Ezababa / They are to be prefixed with sound unit ezaka… father’s. Ezamama / They are e.g. ezakaKhoza / They are Khoza’s, mother’s. EzakaThandi / They are Thandi’s (ii) Ezabani?... (ibizomusho / question owner or seller who do these goods word = isiqalo songumunini / belong to? Remember isiZulu possessive prefix UZL NC 9 = They e.g. language rhymes. You have to listen izingane / children, izinkomo / cows carefully as usually the answer they all nouns with prefix ‘izi…’ ) Who do are expecting will be denoted in their they belong to? They = UZL NC 9 : question. PREFIX PLACE LOCATIVE plural prefix iza…, ize…, izi…, izo… e.g. SOUND UNITS CONCORDS FOR UZL UZL NC 9 examples izandla / hands, NC 9 = EZASE…Eza… sound unit + izembatho / clothes, izinkomo / cows, ‘se….’ sound unit = ezase… sound unit izono / sins. Ezabani lezi izandla? / which is locative (place) sound units Whose hands are these? concords for UZL NC 9. e.g. Question: Ezabantu. People affairs Ezakuphi lezi izinkomo? / From (ibizompendulo / answer word = Where are these cows? Answer: isiqalo songumunini / possessive EzaseQwaqwa. / They are from prefix UZL NC 9) They are for the Qwaqwa. people. E.g. Lezi izandla ezabantu. / These hands belong to human beings) Eza… ezabelweni (undaweni / locative) at / in / Eza. / Afika. (igamamusho / from / to traditional freehold. sentence word: UZL NC 7) They came. (izabelo = traditional or communal , They arrived e.g. Amantombazane owned land) eza wodwa emuhlanganweni. / Girls ezabo (ibizompendulo / answer word come on their own to the meeting. = isiqalo songumunini / possessive The original verb is iza / come. prefix UZL NC 9 = They e.g. izingane / However, when we apply this verb to children, izinkomo / cows all nouns UZALO to noun cluster because this with prefix ‘izi…’ They are theirs, e.g. verb has prefix vowel ‘i…’ in order to Izingane, lezi ezabo. / These children be in concurrence with prefix are theirs. concord ‘a…’, which must always ezaka… (ongumunini / possessive) They are of drag the verb with it, we have to (used with opening plural sound unit engage a mathematical formula noun ‘izi…’= UZL NC 9 e.g izinkomo / because prefix vowel of the verb cows, izimbuzi / goats, izintombi / collides with UZL NC concord vowel ladies, (read notes above) ezaka (UZL ‘a…’ like this : (i+a=e), therefore the NC 9 non-human) = ezaka is a synonym of correct application to a noun ezaka. Check ezaka for more concord will be ‘e…’. Hence ‘eza…’ information. eza… (isiqalo songumunini / Ezakabani? (ibizomusho = ongumunini / possessive) possessive prefix UZL NC 9 = They e.g. Ezakabani lezi izimbuzi? / Of whom izingane / children, izinkomo / cows are these goats? Who do these goats all nouns with prefix ‘izi…’ ) They belong to? ezakaCele. / They belong are… e.g. (i) ezababa. / They are to the Celes. Or They belong to the father’s. Lezi izono ezababa. / These Cele clan, family, homestead, tribe etc. sins are father’s. / These sins belong *** You can infix any surname or 311
name to the possessive sound units izintuthwane? / Of which egg are concord UZL NC 9 ezaka… e.g. these ants? Sound-unit ‘za’ denotes ezakaKhoza, ezakaZuma, UZL NC 9 concord and ‘li’ applies to ezakaBhengu etc. UZL NC 2 concord? In the above Ezakuphi? / Ezakwabani? / examples iqanda or ijaji belongs to Ezayiphi indawo? / Ezabani? of UZL NC 2 and izinkunku or where? From where? (izibomubuzo / izintuthwane belong to UZL NC 9. question word : UZL NC 9) Ezaluphi… (UZL NC 9: UZL NC 3) of which …? e.g.izinkomo / cows, izingane / E.g. Ezaluphi ulimi lezi izintombi? / children, izono / sins, izandla / hands Of which language are these ladies? (i) Ezakuphi lezi izinkomo na? Where za =UZL NC 9 concord, ‘li’= UZL NC 2 are these cows from? concord? Ezakuliphi izwe? From which Ezamaphi? / Of which UZL NC 7 are country? these UZL NC 9? Ezakuphi? (UZL NC 9 : UZL NC 4) of which…? ezami / They are mine, e.g. Ezakuphi ukudla lezi izingane? of Ezamuphi ? Which UZL NC 1.1 which food are these children? (human) do they belong to? (b)Ezakuphi? of where? From Ezani? Which UZL NC 7 do they where? UZL NC 9 : UZL NC belong to? E.g. ezani 9)e.g.izinkomo / cows, izingane / Ezase… (ibizompendulo / answer children, izono / sins, izandla / word = isiqalo songumunini / hands Of which language are these possessive prefix UZL NC 9) They are ants? from … (UZL NC 9) ezakuphi lezi zakhe. / They are his / hers e.g. izingane? From where are these ezaThandi / They are Thandi’s. children? Or Where do these Ezakho. / They (UZL NC 9) are yours. E.g. children come from? The answer Lezi izingane ezakho. / These may be ezase Malawi. / They are children are yours. from Malawi. Remember words such Ezakho UZL NC 9 yours . e.g. Usho as for, from , of in terms of isiZulu ziphi izingane. / Which children are language logic don’t stand on their you referring to? Ezakho / Yours. own. They have to be infixed as ezakwami / They are of or from my prefix to the noun, subject or object. house. Ezasiphi? (UZL 9 – UZL NC 5) Which ezakwa… UZL NC 9 are from … e.g. UZL NC 5 does it belong to? e.g. Izingane ezakwaKhoza. / The Ezasiphi isandla? Which hand does it children are from the Khoza’s. belong to?? Ezasiphi isalukazi? Ezakwabani? (UZL NC 9) From whose Which old woman does it belong to? house? / From whose family? Ezasiphi isizwe lezi izintombi? Ezalaphi? (UZL NC 9) / From where …? Ezawuphi? Which UZL NC 1.1 , 1.2 E.g. Ezalaphi lezi izindaba? / From non-human nouns do they belong which area are these news?, From to? E.g. ezawuphi ugologo. / which where are these stories? hot stuff e.g brandy, rum is it for? ezaleni / phandle (undaweni / locative) Ezayiphi? Which UZL NC 6 & 10 do outside the homestead they belong to?e.g. ezayiphi inkomo? Ezaliphi …? (UZL NC 9: UZL NC 2) of which Which cow is it for? …? E.g. Ezaliphi ijaji lezi izinkukhu? / Ezaziphi? Which UZL NC 7 do they Of which judge are these chickens? belong to? (b) Ezaliphi iqanda lezi Iza… 312
iza / zana / fika / sondela (isenzo / verb) izabeko (UZL NC 2)/ izele (UZL NC 2)/ imfe come, move nearer, move closer, (UZL NC 6)/ umoba (UZL NC 1.1) green stalk approach, advance, near, draw nigh, of maize, sorghum, sugarcane draw close/closer, draw izabela (UZL NC 2) chip of wood, a near/nearer; proceed, make splinter of wood progress, make headway, forge izabelo (UZL NC 9)/ ubizo (UZL NC 3) calling, Question: Iza nini imoto kaMudunge vocation, purpose, ordained pursuit, na? / When is Mudunge’s car coming? mission from the supreme being, Answer: Iza kusasa. / It is coming call from the highest, supreme tomorrow. calling, summons. (2) izabelo / (ii) Iza namuhlanje ngoba kusasa izindawo zamakhosi / izabelo ngizobe ngingekho. / it is coming lapho ubunikazi bomuhlaba today because tomorrow I won’t be bungobesizwe = communally owned available. = arrive, get here, get land, traditional land, land without there, reach destination, make it, title deeds but Permission To Occupy appear, put in an appearance, make (PTO) (3) Ubudokotela buyizabelo. an appearance, come on the scene, / The medical profession is a come up, come along, materialize, calling = profession, occupation, approach, enter, present oneself, career, work, employment, job, turn up, be along. business, trade, craft, line, line of izaba / izizathu (UZL NC 9)/ incazelo / work, pursuit, métier, life, field imbangela (UZL NC 6) excuses, izabizwana (UZL NC 9) pronouns justifications, causes, defence, izabulo (UZL NC 9) private family reasons, explanation, mitigating matters circumstances, mitigation, izacuthe (UZL NC 9)/ amahlonganhlebe extenuation, basis, palliation, (UZL NC 7)/ izihluphi (UZL NC 9)/ vindication; grounds, cause, call, omaziphathe (UZL NC 8.1)/ izachuse / argument, apology, apologia, plea. izethusi / izithusanyoni / (2) Uhlale enezaba zokuthi angezi izixoshankawu / izinyoka-ezifile emuhlanganweni / He/She always (UZL NC 9)/ ombombayi (UZL NC 8.1) excuces why she/he can’t attend a dummies, shams, forgeries, meeting = pretext, ostensible reason, counterfeits, replicas, mock-ups, pretence, front, cover-up, fabrication, copy-cats, fakes, imitations, evasion (3) izaba (UZL NC 9)/ imizamo lookalikes (UZL NC 10) attempts, efforts, izaga / izingathekiso / endeavours, tries, ventures, trials, iziphicaphico / izifaniswano (UZL NC experiments, deeds, undertakings(4) 6) metaphors, figures of speech, izaba (UZL NC 9)/ imizamo / figurative, similes, expressions, imishanguzo (UZL NC 10) attempts, images, tropes, allegories, parables, trials, efforts, experiments, analogies, comparisons, symbols, endeavours, finding a solution to a emblems, word paintings, word problem pictures, conceits izabazaba (UZL NC 9)/ ukunqikaza(UZL NC izagila / iziqwayi (UZL NC 9)/ amawisa 4) hesitation, reluctances, misgivings, (UZL NC 7) knobkerries, knob-sticks, qualms, scruples, reservations, headed curved sticks, compunction, unwillingness, izahlulamuthetho (UZL NC 9)/ disinclination, ambivalence, unease, abangaphatheki (UZL NC 8.1) uneasiness, demurrals insubordinates, deviants, 313
delinquents, rebels, rascals, deviants, components, bits, installments, people who are : disobedient unruly, themes , streams wayward, errant, badly behaved, izahlukwana / izihlokwana / disorderly, defiant, undisciplined, izigatshana (UZL NC 9)/ amabangana troublesome, mutinous, recalcitrant, (UZL NC 7) sub-chapters, sub-sections, refractory, ungovernable / sub-divisions, sub-parts, sub-uncooperative/ non-compliant / portions, sub-segments, sub-difficult / intractable / components, sub-topics, sub-unmanageable / naughty / roguish / headings, sub-topics, sub-themes, uncontrollable / obstreperous / sub-streams mischievous izahluleki / izehluleki /iziphoxi izahlukaniselo (UZL NC 9)/ (UZL NC 9) failures, losers, incompetent imingcweliso (UZL NC 10)/ people, non-achievers, izihlambululo (UZL NC 9) sanctifications, underachievers, disappointments, devoutness, blessings, sacredness, embarrassments piety, religiousness, spirituality, izahlulelo / izigqibo / godliness, holiness, sanctity, izinqumongqangi (UZL NC 9) verdicts, saintliness. findings, rulings, judgements, izahlukaniso (UZL NC 9)/ uhlukano (UZL pronouncements, adjudications, NC 3)/ ukuhlukanisa (UZL NC 4)/ arbitrations, sentences, decrees, uqhekeko (UZL NC 3) separations, orders, rules, injunctions, court disconnection, partitions, determinations, final results, detachment, severance, uncoupling, sentencing, severe decisions, dissociation, disjunction, disunion, ultimate decisions, final decisions disaffiliation, segregation, partitions izakamumva (UZL NC 2)/ umagcino (UZL e.g. izahlukaniso phakathi NC 1.1)/ uthumbu (UZL NC 1.1) last born kwabashadile / ukugqashuka person (2) a person who comes last kwefindo labashadile. / break up of in a race, a horse that comes last in a married couples = break-up, split, race split-up, parting, estrangement, izakhamuzi (UZL NC 9)/ abokuzalwa / parting of the ways, rift, rupture, abavoti /abokudabuka /abahlali / breach, divorce, legal separation, abaninimizi / abakhokhintela (UZL judicial separation izahlukaniso / NC 8.1) citizens, residents, inhabitants, okokuklaya imingcele / natives, voters, townspeople, okusetshenziswa uma burghers, householders, locals, kuhlukaniswa = room-dividers, freemen partitions, screens, dividing walls, izakhelani (UZL NC 9)/ omakhelwane / fences, barriers, demarcating pegs omakhi / abakhelene (UZL NC 8.1) Izahlukaniso noma umehluko neighbours, countries or people who phakathi kwezinkawu nezimfene / share borders or a border, countries difference between monkeys and or people in the same region, baboons = distinctions, differences, country, area, ward, district, differentiations, division, dividing vicinities, surrounding, environs, line; polarity, gulf, gap, chasm. purlieus, precincts, proximity izahluko / izihloko / izigaba (UZL NC izakhi / izingxenye / izihlandla 9)/ amabanga (UZL NC 7) chapters, (UZL NC 9) formatives, (2) components, topics, headings, sections, divisions, constituents, parts, sections, parts, portions, segments, portions, pieces, segments, bits; 314
factors, features, facets, ingredients, ukulobolwa, ukuvunywa strands, details, points, units, kwabakhongi etc. modules, items (3) foundations, izaliwakazi / abangathandiwa / fundamentals, principles, rudiments, abazondwayo hated people, disliked basics people, unfriendly people izakhimizi / izakhimindeni / izalukazi (UZL NC 9)/ ogogo / okhulu / izibuyisaxolo (UZL NC 9) family abadala (UZL NC 8.1)/izingwevu / counsellors, counsellors izimpunga (UZL NC 9) female grey izakhiso / iziza (UZL NC 9)/ imihlaba- haired people; female senior citizens, yokwakha (UZL NC 10) pieces of ground, female old age pensioners, elderly stands, yards, patches, lots, plots, people (2) ancestors, those who are areas, erfs, locations, parcels, tracts, deceased and are at the resting place, allotments the spirits, the guardians, the izakhiwo (UZL NC 6) buildings, guardian angels, the ones consulted structures, edifices, properties, during times of difficulties and erections, piles, properties, premises, celebrations establishments izamazama (UZL NC 6)/ umuzamo (UZL NC izakhwali (UZL NC 9)/ ukhwani (UZL NC 3) 1.2) attempt, effort, endeavour, try, tuberous veld plants bid, venture, trial, experiment (2) izakhwece / izikhwece / izinsalela lotto bid / iziceke (UZL NC 9) remainders, residue, izamaziso (UZL NC 2)/ ibambezelo (UZL balance, remaining parts, remaining NC 2) temporalis (anatomy) numbers, remaining quantities, left izamaziso / izimbambezeliso (UZL NC overs, rest of things, others, those 9) temporal things, part-time things, left, remnants, rumps, surplus, learners licence, temporal Identity differences, extras, excesses, Documents izamaziso (UZL NC 9)/ superfluities, overflows, overspills, imishanguzo (UZL NC 10) medication for additional people, additional symptoms associated with any materials, additional things illness izala (UZL NC 2)/ ingaphandle (UZL NC 2)/ izamiso (UZL NC 2)/isigovuzo (UZL NC 5)/ isikibhidoti (UZL NC 5) end of the yard iphini (UZL NC 2) stirring stick, food where rubbish is thrown, a refuse processor, any instrument used to skip, a large refuse container (2) mix something ezaleni (undaweni / locative/izala / izamukelo (UZL NC 9) receptions, ingaphandle-lomuzi (UZL NC 2) outside receipts, receiving, getting, the precinct of one’s residence, izamukeliso / izipho (UZL NC 9)/ outside the precinct of one’s ukupha (UZL NC 4)/ amagwaxazi (UZL NC homestead, outside the jurisdiction 7)/ iminikelo (UZL NC 10) / donations, of a home, outside the family gifts, grants, contributions, jurisdiction subscriptions, presents, handouts, izalibelethwe / izanambeleko / offerings, gratuities, endowments, izanankande / ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) bestowals, giving, charities, illegitimate child, step child, a baby benefactions (2) sacraments born out of wed lock, a baby born by izamukezo (UZL NC 9)/ an unmarried woman, a step child, a okunikezelwayo (UZL NC 4) baby born before a woman has distributions, giving out, dealing out, fulfilled all pre-marriage traditional handing out, issuing, issuances, arrangements such as ukucelwa, dispensations, administering, 315
administrations, passing round, izidakwandlala (UZL NC 9) allocations, allotments, apportioning, suppressants, appetite suppressants, apportionment, assigning, tranquilizers, masturbations assignment, sharing out, dividing up izanusi / izangoma (UZL NC 9)/ (2) supplies, deliveries, conveyances, ababhulayo / ababonayo / dispatches, abelaphi-bendabuko (UZL NC 8.1) izamba / izishaqane / traditional healers, ancestral izindimbana (UZL NC 9) lump-sums, mediators, clairvoyants, telepathic sums, totals, sum totals, grand totals, people, psychics, telekinetic people, tallies, aggregates, summations, spiritualistic people, people with grosses sixth sense, people with second izambane (UZL NC 9) ant-eaters, sight =o UrZyLc NtCe 5r, soinpguulasr) capensis (***isambane / ant-eater izandiso / izenezezelo / izelulo / (i*z**aammazbamabnanee // p oittaatoeps =i l Ui Z(LU NZLC N7,C p 2lu) rpal)o tato izengezo / izenabisi (UZL NC 2)adverbs izambatho / izembatho / izivatho (grammar) (2) extensions, prolongations, (UZL NC 9) coverings, church regalia, lengthening, increase, protractions, religious clothing, layers, coatings, continuations, perpetuations (3) coats, covers, blankets, overlays, expansion, increase, enlargement; veils, toppings, dustings, sheets, widening, broadening, deepening, veneers, crusts, surfaces, skims, diversification, heightening; skins, thickness, shrouds augmentation, enhancement, izambulela (UZL NC 9)/imipheme / amplifications, development, growth, imithunzana (UZL NC 10)/ (imipheme continuation, elongations, yokuvikela ilanga nemvula) lengthening, stretching, drawing out umbrellas, sunshades, man- made izando / izinqonqotheli / shades izishayeli (UZL NC 9) hammers izambulelo / izibonakaliso / izandulela / izingeniso (UZL NC 9) iziprofetho (UZL NC 9) foretelling, prefaces, preambles, introductions, predictions, forecasts, prophecies, forewords, prologue, preludes, bets, divinations, prognosis, preliminaries, opening remarks; prognostications, auguries, front matter projections, conjectures, guesses, izandla (UZL NC 9) hands, palms vaticination, prognostics, izandlwana (UZL NC 9) small hands, auspications little /tiny hands izambulo (UZL NC 9)/ ukubona / aizboaven) goma / izanusi (UZL NC 9) (See izanusi ukuboniswa (UZL NC 4) revelations, izansi (UZL NC 2)/ ugu / usebe / uncovering, turning up, exposure, ukhumbi / ulala (UZL NC 3) water-edge, exposing, bringing to light, brim of the sea, brim of the river, sea unearthing, digging up, unveiling, belt, coastal belt unmasking, smoking out, detecting, izaphulamuthetho / detection izephulamithetho (UZL NC 2) law-izanankande / izalibelethwe / breakers, criminals, trespassers, ivezandlebe (UZL NC 2) illegitimate intruders, interlopers, unwelcome child, adopted child, child born out of visitors, encroachers wedlock izaqwayi / izagila (UZL NC 9)/ amawisa izanelisi (UZL NC 9)/ imithobanhliziyo (UZL NC 7) knobkerries (UZL NC 10)/ izindandanisi / 316
iZayoni (UZL NC 9)/ i-ZCC (UZL NC 6)/ mountains or organizations, spelled amaKhushe / amaThopiya (UZL NC 7) with an initial capital letter, e.g. members of the Zion Church, izintaba zoKhahlamba / member of Zion Christian Church Drakensberg mountain, umfula (ZCC), Kushe Church of Zion iZambezi / Zambezi River, Marry, members, Saint Engenas ZCC Thandi, Jane, iTheku / Durban. members, Ethiopian Common nouns refer to daily objects izazi (UZL NC 9)/ abaziyo / abasiki or general words used to identify bebunda / abafundile (UZL NC 8.1)/ something e.g. isinkwa / bread, izingcithabuchopho / isibuko / mirror, inyosi / bee, uzalo / izinjulangqondo (UZL NC 9) the descendants. knowledgeable, well informed, Words with prefix ‘oza…’ can also be informed, learned, with great singular adjective nouns. Adjective knowledge, well read, well educated, nouns refer to words that are educated, widely read, erudite, descriptive actions or qualifications of scholarly, cultured, cultivated, the noun but can be used as nouns. In enlightened, aware (2) Sidinga isiZulu language this is very common ukuqasha izazi ngempela in daily conversation or kulomukhakha / We need to appoint communication e.g. ozalayo / the one the most knowledgeable people in who is always breeding or giving birth this work stream. = experts, skilled, in succession. Ozalayo can be broken expert, competent, proficient, down like this vowel o=the one experienced, practitioners, well- (human noun) + zala = breed + yo = versed in, seasoned sound unit suffix used to affirm this izaziso (UZL NC 9)/ ikhwelo (UZL NC 2)/ word as a noun. In isiZulu language amakhwelo (UZL NC 7)/ izimemezelo you can easily distinguish between a (UZL NC 9)/ imikhosi (UZL NC 10) notices, proper noun, common noun and notifications, (advance) warnings, adjective noun especially in this announcements, apprisals, section. Once a noun is in singular intimations, information, news, and has prefix vowel ‘o…’, infix verb or communication, intelligence, word. adjective and or suffix ‘yo…’, izaziwa (UZL NC 9)/ osaziwa / especially where such an adjective abadumile (UZL NC 8.1) celebrities, noun is derived from the verb word. If famous people, dignitaries, stars, it has the above mentioned features it superstars, personalities is an adjective noun and falls under UZALO Noun Cluster 1.1 (human-oza …. IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT noun) ISIZULU WORDS WITH PREFIX ozabalazayo (UZL NC 1.1)/ iqabane (UZL NC VOWEL ‘o+ za…’ SOUND UNIT 2)/ ozikhandlayo / olwayo (UZL NC 1.1) *** Words with prefix sound unit ‘oza…’ can be plural proper or (adjective noun = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’ = UZL NC 1.1: common nouns, UZALO Noun Cluster 8.1 (human-noun) e.g. oZandile / human noun) the struggling one, the one Zandiles, oZanele / Zaneles, who is working hard, the one who ozamuthilili / people who are perseveres (2) the one committed to ignorant. a particular cause, the one who is Proper nouns refer to names used fighting for something, fellow for individual persons, places, rivers, comrade, fellow freedom fighter *** ps note that if it does not have the 317
suffix sound-unit …yo, it is most ozamelwe (UZL NC 1.1) the one who had likely a plural noun UZL NC 8.1. received help, the one who had been ozagiga (UZL NC 8.1) mumps, grandular done a favour swellings in the neck ozamisanayo the one who is ozakwabo / omunakwabo (UZL NC 8.1) assisting one in getting something her fellow wives, those married or in right a romantic relationship with her ozamokuhle / omusamariya / husband (2) her husband’s brothers’ abacwebileyo (UZL NC 8.1) the ones in wives pursuit of good.; the holy ones ozakwenu / omunakwa (UZL NC 8.1) ozamokubi (UZL NC 8.1) the one who is your fellow wives, those married or trying to do bad things or evil deeds in a romantic relationship with your ozamulayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + husband (2) your husband’s prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is yawning, brothers’ wives the one who is possessed by the ozakwethu / omunakwethu (UZL NC spirit, the one who is a sangoma 8.1) my fellow wives, those married or ozamulisanayo / olalisanayo / in a romantic relationship with my ozelisayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + husband (2) my husband’s brothers’ prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is wives boring, ozalayo / ohululayo (adjective noun UZL NC ozamuthilili / oziyamushiya / 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is abangazilutho / ozombo / giving birth, the one who often give osikhathisini / omashampulane birth ELIPHIKISAYO / ANTONYMS (UZL NC 8.1) ignorant, ill-informed, inyumba / a female who is infertile uneducated, unknowledgeable (also ozalana-nabo / omuzala / ogazi / izihlobo-zegazi (UZL NC 8.1) blood check uzamuthilili / uziyamushiya etc. below) relatives, cousins ozalelwayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + ozayo / olandelayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is a = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is recipient of the act of giving birth coming, the one who is coming back, ozalelweyo / ozalelwe (adjective noun UZL the one who is coming NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who ozazayo / otatazelayo (adjective noun UZL had been a recipient of birth NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one in a ozamayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + prefix panic mode sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is trying ozamela… (UZL NC 1.1) the one who is at uza… service for others e.g. ubani lona uza … IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT ozamela laba abafundi? / who is ISIZULU WORDS WITH PREFIX trying for these students? VOWEL ‘U+ za…’ SOUND UNIT ozamelanayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb *** Words with prefix vowel ‘u…’ and + prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is always followed by sound unit ‘za…’ are willing to help others singular nouns. However, if a verb is ozamelwayo (adjective noun UZL NC 1.1 = o + verb + preceded by vowel ‘u…’, then vowel prefix sound unit ‘yo’) the one who is a ‘u…’ is a concord of singular noun recipient of help, the one who is with prefix vowel ‘u…’ e.g. UThoko being assisted uzabalaza yedwa. / Thoko struggles alone. Therefore ‘u…’ is a concord of singular noun with prefix ‘u….’ in present tense. Vowel ‘u…’ preforms the 318
same function in present tense. abozalo (UZL NC 8.1)/ igazi (UZL NC 2)/ Remember isiZulu language rhymes. inzalwano / imvelaphi (UZL NC 6)/ uza UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 coming e.g. (umulando wegazi) genealogy, UThabani uza noThemba. ? Thabani ancestry, lineage, pedigree, descent, is coming with Themba. family line, line of descent, family Uzabalazela… UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 is tree, blood relatives extraction, struggling for e.g. Umama origin, heritage, parentage, paternity, uzabalazela abantwana bakhe. / The birth, family, dynasty, family house mother is struggling for her children. evolution, history, Uzabalazele…UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2 : past blood interconnectedness, bloodline, tense S/He has struggled for e.g. history, background, roots Umfana uzabalazele ubala. / The boy uzamujiki / ujwijwi (UZL NC 1.1) swing, struggled for nothing. swaying, oscillation, undulation, Uzabalazile. (sentence word) UZL NC wagging, toing and froing, wobble, 1.1 & 1.2 S/he has struggled. UZL NC uzamuthilili / uziyamushiya / 1.1 example umuntu / person, any ongazilutho / uzombo / name or surname of a human being usikhathisini / umashampulane e.g. Mary, Tom, Thandi, Themba etc. , (UZL NC 1.1) a person who is ignorant, ill-ugwava / guava; UZL NC 1.2 example informed, untaught, uneducated, umuthwalo / load, umugqa / line. unknowledgeable, unschooled, Uzabalaziswa… (UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) untutored, untrained, illiterate, non-caused to struggle e.g. Ubaba literate, unlettered, unlearned, uzabalaziswa ukuhlupheka. / The unread, unenlightened, unscholarly, father is struggling because of unqualified, benighted, backward; poverty. inexperienced, unworldly, Uzacile. / Wondile. (sentence word : unsophisticated (2) unintelligent, UZL NC 1.1 & 1.2) S/he is thin. stupid, simple, empty-headed, uzagiga (UZL NC 1.1) mump, grandular mindless (2) Lozamuthilili uthi swelling in the neck wayengazi ukuthi abantu uzakwabo / umunakwabo (UZL NC 1.1) abamunyama bahlukunyezwa / imbangi (UZL NC 6) her fellow wife, the kangaka eMzansi / This ignorant one married or in a romantic person says he was unaware about relationship with her husband (2) the oppression of black people in her husband’s brother’s wife South Africa = unconscious, uzakwenu / umunakwa (UZL NC 1.1) / insensible, naïve, unfamiliar, imbangi yakho (UZL NC 6) your fellow unacquainted, innocent (3) Baningi wife, the one married or in a ozamuthilili abakhuluma ngeqholo romantic relationship with your kodwa bayathanda ukuphawula / husband (2) your husband’s There are so many ignorant people brother’s wife who speak with conviction and always uzakwethu / umunakwethu (UZL NC have something to say = rude, 1.1) / imbangi yami (UZL NC 6) my fellow impolite, ill-mannered, bad-wife, those married or in a romantic mannered, unmannerly, ungracious, relationship with my husband (2) my discourteous, insensitive, uncivil, ill-husband’s brother’s wife humoured, surly, sullen; boorish, uzalo (UZL NC 3)/ izihlobo-zegazi (UZL NC oafish, loutish, crude, coarse, vulgar, 9)/ isizalwane (UZL NC 5) (umulando gross wokhokho) / abakini / abakithi / 319
uzanankande (UZL NC 1.1)/ ivezandlebe bazabalaza ukuletha iNingizimu (UZL NC 2) illegitimate child, step child, Afrika engenalo ubandlululo / Black foster child and white people struggled to bring uzankosi (UZL NC 1.1)/ isibopho (UZL NC 5)/ about an apartheid free South Africa iketanga (UZL NC 2) handcuff, = fight, campaign, strive, battle, manacle, fetter, shackle, iron, bond, struggle, contend, grapple, war, restraint, cuff, bracelet, wristlets, crusade, agitate, speak, lobby, work, snips, stringers *** note that in push, press, oppose, contest, contend English handcuffs are plural nouns. with, confront, challenge, combat, uzangqozi (UZL NC 3)/ umulolozelo / dispute, object to, quarrel with, umushushuzelo (UZL NC 1.2) lullaby, struggle against, take a stand against, cradle song, soothing song, gentle put up a fight against, stand up song, quiet song against, take issue with, question, uzankeva (UZL NC 3)/ umutapo / controvert (3) zabalazela / tibulela umutitilizo (UZL NC 10) place of plenty, / khandlelela / shikishela struggle source of supply, mine, warehouse, for (see zabalaza above for more possible translations) wholesale, brimming, rim, brim , place where one can get everything Sizabalazela imiholo engcono. / We struggle for better wages. in bulk, a place of reaping, Si= We (English) uzavoko (UZL NC 1.1)/ uminenhle (UZL NC 1.1) the mid-morning riser zabalazisa / tibulisa / khandlelisa uzavoko (UZL NC 1.1) mid morning / shikishelisa (isenzo / verb) help one to uzawo (UZL NC 1.1)/ ucelemba / struggle, (2) struggle like… e.g. ubhushi (UZL NC 1.1)/ imbazo (UZL NC 6) zabalasiza okwendoda wethu / machete, axe, hatchet, cleaver, adze, struggle like a man my friend tomahawk zabalaziswa (isenzo / verb) struggle because, be made to struggle e.g. za… Bazabalaziswa ukwenyuka zaba… (UZL NC 9 : UZL NC 8.1 possessive) for, of kwentengo yokudla. / They struggle e.g. izithombe zabantwana / pictures because the inflation in food prices. for children. : izithombe = UZL NC 9, abantwana = UZL NC 8.1 with prefix (Ba= They (UZL NC 8.1 e.g. abantu / people, abasebenzi / ‘aba…’ workers, abelungu / white people) zabe (UZL NC 9 : UZL NC 8.1 possessive) of, for … izimbuzi zabesilisa / Goats for zaca / onda / omelela / dliwa men, male goats, abesilisa = UZL NC yinto (isenzo / verb) be thin, be slim, slim, 8.1 with prefix lean, slender, rangy, willowy, svelte, zabalaza / tibula / khandleka / sylphlike, spare, slight; skinny, shikisha struggle, strive, try hard, underweight, scrawny, scraggy, endeavour, make every effort, spare bony, angular, gaunt, be emaciated, no effort, exert oneself, do one's best, be skeletal, be cadaverous, be do all one can, do one's utmost, undernourished, be underfed, be battle, labour, toil, strain, bend over anorexic backwards, put oneself out; informal zacile / ondile / omile (isiphawulo / go all out, give it one's best shot, put adjective) thin, slim, slander (2) zacile / one's back into it, plug away, peg ntshwamile emaciated, worn out away ELIPHIKISAYO / ANTONYM vilapha / be zacisa / ondisa / lambisa / ncisha lazy (2) Abamunyama nabamuhlophe ukudla (isenzo / verb) make someone thin, starve someone, deprive someone food, worry someone, do something to someone that is causing weight loss 320
zaciswa (isenzo / verb) be thin because of zalanisa / lamanisa / khulisa / something e.g. Uzaciswa yini andisa (isenzo / verb) give birth after uThemba. / What is causing Themba another birth (2) charge interest, to lose weight? (Vowel ‘u…’ at the the expect dividends, profit, make returns on one’s investment, expect beginning of the sentence is a subject concord an a particular interest percentage, make a gain. or is a noun (Themba) concord) zalela (isenzo / verb) give birth to for… zacuna / zavuna (isenzo / verb) help inkukhu izalela amaqanda. / The oneself handsomely, apportion a chicken lays eggs. = incubate, (ii) large amount, apportion a big uThembeka uzalela uguluva. / amount, assist one more Thandeka gives birth to children of a zakhele / zisize (isenzo / verb) build-it man who is unemployable. (2) for yourself, do it yourself (DIY) Zakhele expect interest for someone, expect profit for someone umuzi ukuze wonge imali. / Build the house yourself so you may zalile (isiphawulo / adjective) given birth save money. zalisa / mithisa (isenzo / verb) impregnate someone, make a woman zakhise / zilekelele (isenzo / verb) make pregnant, get a woman pregnant, them to build, help them to build, inseminate a sperm in a woman’s lead them to e.g. Zakhise ihholo lezi ovary, fertilize (2) be a midwife (*** not izigelekeqe kukhona zingeke ziphinde zilishise. / Make these hooligans build applicable to the synonym mithisa) the hall so they won’t vandalise it again. zaliswa (isenzo / verb) be assisted in zakhiwe / zibekelwe (isenzo / verb) giving birth e.g intombazane izaliswa built, made, created = (UZL NC 9) e.g. umama wayo. / the girl is assisted to Zakhiwe ngubani lezi izindonga? / give birth by her mother. Who built these walls? Zakhiwe zalwa / phenduka (isenzo / verb) be ngabafana / They were built by boys. born, zalwa kabusha = be born again zakwa (UZL NC 9 : possessive) of … e.g. zama… (UZL NC 7: possessive of) for e.g izinkomo zakwaMkhize / cows from izingane zamajaji / children of the Mkhizes judges zala / phuka (isenzo / verb) (andisa- zama / linga / patanisa (isenzo / verb) umundeni noma imfuyo/ khiqiza try, attempt, endeavour, make an abantwana noma imfuyo/ khanda effort, exert oneself, seek, strive, abantu noma imfuyo, struggle, put effort, do one's best, do izilwanyana)/ give birth, breed, one's utmost, do all one can, reproduce, produce offspring, undertake, aim, set out, take it on procreate, bear young, multiply, oneself, try one's hand at (2) propagate, mate, reproduce, organise, arrange, pot together, produce offspring, procreate, bear order young, multiply, propagate, mate (2) zamazama / ndandanisa / Imali yemboleko iyazala. / Borrowed qokelela (isenzo / verb) put together money accumulates interest = gain, zamazama / ndindizela / nyakaza profit, dividend, pocket ***phuka / ndandazela (isenzo / verb) thunder, applicable to non-human e.g cat rumble, boom, roar, blast, pound, zalana / hlobana (isenzo / verb)/ thud, thump, bang, ring, grumble, (shiyelana ibele) be related by growl, resound, reverberate, echo, blood descent e.g. OThandi beat. noThemba bayazalana / Thandi and Themba are blood related or are blood relatives. 321
zamela try for, organise for, strive zavuna / zacuna (isenzo / verb) take out for, seek for, exert for, e.g. Zamela handsomely, apportion large amount izingane ukudla zilambile. / Organise to oneself, deal out, share out, mete food for children. Zamela uThandi out, divide up, allocate, allot, isikhundla. / Organise a position for apportion, assign, distribute, Thandi = arrangements for, arrange, dispense, hand out, give out, pass coordinate, sort out, put together, fix out, pass round, issue, disburse up, get together, orchestrate, zavunela / zacunela(isenzo / verb) take a choreograph, be responsible for, be large amount for another in charge of, take care of, look after, zavunelwa (isenzo / verb) have a large see to, see about, deal with, direct, amount taken for oneself run, manage, conduct, administrate, zaza / ntanta / jikajika (isenzo / verb) set up, mobilize, mastermind, move about, walk about, be edgy, be engineer; institute, develop, form, restless, be panicky create, establish, found, originate, zazela (isenzo / verb) move about for begin, start; schedule, timetable, someone e.g. ikati lizazela ingane. / zamisa / lekelela(isenzo / verb) assist, The cat moved about for the child. support, assist one, give a hand, help, zazise / zithwale / ziqhenye / aid, abet, lend a (helping) hand to, bukela-phansi / cwicwiza (isenzo / verb) give assistance to, be of use to, be aloof, distant, detached, oblige, accommodate, facilitate e.g. unresponsive, remote, Zamisa lezi izingane ukuze ziqede unapproachable, forbidding, stand-umusebenzi wazo. / Help these offish, formal, impersonal, stiff, children so they may finish their austere, stuffy, withdrawn, reserved, work. unforthcoming, uncommunicative, zamula (isenzo / verb) yawn, gape indifferent, unfriendly, zamulisa (isenzo / verb) cause one to unsympathetic, unsociable, yawn, e.g. UThembi uzamulisa antisocial, cool, cold, chilly, frigid, umuntwana. / Thembi is making the frosty, haughty, supercilious, child yawn. (2) yawn like e.g. disdainful UZandile uzamulisa okwenkomo. / Zandile yawns like a cow. aze… zamuliswa (isenzo / verb) caused to yawn aze e.g. (prefix ‘a’ + verb with prefix sound unit ‘ze’)e.g. Ubaba uzamuliswa isijindane. azenzeki / They cannot be done or The father is caused to yawn by Lezi izinto azenzeki / These things snuff. cannot be done. zana / iza (isenzo / verb) come, (check iza azelwa be known for, have a above) reputation zanelise / gcula / zigculise / zenelise (isenzo / verb) satisfy, fulfill, eze… gratify, meet, fill, serve, provide for, Eze… (UZL NC 9 with UZL NC 2, 5, 6, 9, & 10) of, supply, indulge, cater to, pander to; belong to, e.g. Lezi izintombi appease, assuage, quench, slake, ezengcungce. / These girls are of satiate, sate iNgcungce. izintombi = UZL NC 9, zange / kazange / khange did not iNgcugce = UZL NC 6, izandla ezejaji e.g. Ikhehla zange layidla inyama. / / hands of a judge: izandla = UZL NC The old man did not eat meat. 9, ijaji = UZL NC 2 322
ezemali / ezezimali (UZL NC 9) financial matters, matters of finance ezemibiko yezimali (UZL NC 9) matters, trade matters, business financial audit matters matters, ezemikhumbi (UZL NC 9) shipping ezentuthuko(UZL NC 9) development matters, maritime affairs matters, prosperity matters, ezemilingo (UZL NC 9) magic matters, ezentuthuko nenhlalonhle (UZL NC 9) necromancy matters, matters development and social welfare involving any of the following matters practices: muti, sorcery, witchcraft, Ezethu. (UZL NC 9) They are ours., ours wizardry, enchantment, incantation, ezezikweleti (UZL NC 9) debt matters, the supernatural, occultism, financial obligation matters, divination, malediction, voodoo, indebtedness, credit bureaux hoodoo ezezimboni (UZL NC 9) industrial ezemililo (UZL NC 9) fire matters matters, manufacturing matters, ezemililomoya / ezogesi (UZL NC 9) factory matters; commercial matters, energy sources, electricity matters, business matters, trade matters. NB ezemibhalo ngobuchule (UZL NC 9) when using prefix ‘eze…’ to refer to professional writing, matters of UZL NC 9, you also have to infix ‘zi…’ writing professionally after prefix sound unit ‘eze…’ ezemidlalo (UZL NC 9) sports matters, session of sports, programme of ize… sports, broadcasting of sports ize (UZL NC 2)/ ubala (UZL NC 3)/ ezemikhiqizo (UZL NC 9) production ukungabinatho / ukungabinotho matters (UZL NC 4) nothing, nil, zero ezempi (UZL NC 9) military matters, war izegece / izekecela (UZL NC 2) scale, matters plate, lamella, lamina, squama, scute, ezempikiswano (UZL NC 9) matters scutum (amazegece, amazekecela / under debate, current debates scales = UZL NC 7: plural ) ezempilo (UZL NC 9) subject of health, izehlakali/ izehlakalo / izehlo / health affairs, izenzakali/ izenzeko (UZL NC 9)/ ezeni (undaweni / locative) in / at / from / amabhadi (UZL NC 7)/ (ukufulathelwa into / to nothingness idlozi) happenings, misfortunes, ezenu (UZL NC 9) yours afflictions, problems, difficulties, zendawo / ezezulu (UZL NC 9) issues, troubles, reverses, disasters, geography setbacks, adversities, reverses of ezenhlalo (UZL NC 9) human fortune, misadventures, mishaps, settlements stroke of bad luck, blows, failures, ezenhlalonhle (UZL NC 9) social welfare accidents, tragedies, sorrows, ezentela (UZL NC 9) tax matters miseries, woes, trials, tribulations, ezentela yekhanda / Ezentela catastrophes, calamities, having yesiqu (UZL NC 9) Personal Income Tax one’s ancestors turning back on one matters self ezentela yezinkampani / Ezentela izehlo (UZL NC 9) happenings (see yezinhlangano (UZL NC 9) Corporate izehlakali above) Income Tax matters izehluleki / izahluleki (UZL NC 9) ezentengiso / ezohwebo (UZL NC 9) failures, unsuccessful people(see commercial matters, commerce izahluleki above) izekecela / izegece (UZL NC 9) (check izegece above) 323
izekhohlali / izikhohlakali / / amaphekula (terrorists) / izonakali / izigilamikhuba / izoni amaphekulamoyeni (cyber-/ iziphoxi (UZL NC 9)/ ababulalibezwe terrorists) / (UZL NC 8.1) immoral people, people who amaphekulangezempilo (bio-are : unethical, bad, morally wrong, terrorists), amaphekula-wrongful, wicked, evil, unprincipled, ngezemfuyo-nezolimo (agro-unscrupulous, lustful, dishonest, terrorists), amaphekula-unconscionable, sinful, indecent, ngezemvelo (eco-terrorists (UZL NC iniquitous, disreputable, fraudulent, 7)/ abadlwenguli / abakhwabanisi lewd, vile, depraved, devious, (UZL NC 8.1) criminals, felons, villainous shameless, degenerate, lawbreakers, offenders, villains, corrupt, debauched, abandoned, delinquent, malefactor, culprits, dissolute, reprobate, perverted, wrongdoers, transgressors, sinners, promiscuous thieves, robbers, armed robbers, izelamani (UZL NC 9)/ abasendlini / burglars, housebreakers, shoplifters, abakwethu / abegazi / muggers, rapists, fraudsters, abaphumesiswini- sinye / swindlers, racketeers, gunmen, abashiyelane-ibele (UZL NC 8.1) siblings, gangsters, outlaws, bandits, offspring in their chronological terrorists, bio-terrorists, eco-sequencing, children of same parent terrorists, cyber-terrorists, agro-in the chronological order, people of terrorists same blood, those sharing blood ties, izeluleko / iziyalo / iziboniso (UZL NC those from the same mother, those 9) advices, guidance, advising, who sourced nutrition from the same counselling, counsel, help, direction, breast views, instructions, information, izele (UZL NC 2)/ imfe (UZL NC 6)/ umoba enlightenment, tips, ideas, (UZL NC 1.1) green stalk of maize, recommendations, guidelines, sorghum, sugar-cane (2) sleek- suggestions, hints, pointers, bodied person, (3) species of shrub, opinions, facts, data grumilia capensis (3) small conical izemutiti / izimutiti (UZL NC 2)/ grass hut usually used for storing unonhlevu (UZL NC 1.1)/ grain (amazele = UZL NC 7: plural) impoqabulungu (UZL NC 6) the izeleze (UZL NC 2)/ ubala (UZL NC exempted, the black elite with some 2)nothingness, oblivion, non- privileges under colonial apartheid existence, non-being, non-life; South Africa, the colonial agents nullity, blankness; void, vacuum, drawn from the oppressed, the nihility (2) Lona umunumuzane assimilated, the subsumed, the usefana nezeleze kusukela incorporated, the integrated, the alahlekelwa umusebenzi / This man absorbed, the engulfed, the has been reduced to nothingness ever swallowed up, the taken over, the co-since he lost his job = nothingness, opts, the naturalized, the adopted, unimportance, undignified, the embraced, the accepted, the insignificance, triviality, admitted, the acculturated pointlessness, uselessness, izembatho /izembezo / izivatho worthlessness, valuelessness (UZL NC 9) clothes, human coverings, izelelesi / izigebengu / dresses, garments izinswelaboya / izigelekeqe (UZL NC izembe (UZL NC 2)/ isisenze / isisenza 9)/ amasela / amaphekulazikhuni (UZL NC 5)/ imbazo / inkemba (UZL NC 6) 324
axe, hatchet, cleaver; adze; participants, sightseers, tomahawk, a weapon commentators, reporters, monitors, izenga / igamfu / izinga (UZL NC 2)/ bloggers ingxenye (UZL NC 6) a segment of the izethembiso / izithembiso / whole, a piece of the whole, a part of izifungo / izivumelwano / the whole,a bit of the whole, a iziqiniseko / iziqinisekiso (UZL NC 9) section of the whole, a chunk of the promises, words of honour, words, whole, division, portion, slice, assurances, pledges, vows, fragment, component, wedge, lump, guarantees, oaths, bonds, slab, hunk, parcel, tranche undertakings, agreements, izenze (UZL NC 9) flea commitments, contracts, covenants, Izenzeko (UZL NC 9) (check izehlo) compacts izenziso (UZL NC 9)/ inkohliso (UZL NC 6)/ izethuko / izinhlamba (UZL NC 9)/ amanga (UZL NC 7)/ ubuhule / inhlukumezo (UZL NC 9) insults, abusive ubushomeshome / ubuphixiphixi remarks, jibes, affronts, slights, (UZL NC 8.2) (ukuzishaya emumva snubs, barbs, slurs, slanders, uzishaye phambili ; ukusenga backhanded compliments, injuries, ezimithiyo) pretenses, lies, libels, defamations, abuses, pretexts, false excuses, guises, aspersions, disparagement, shams, ruses, wiles, trickeries, depreciation, impugnment, falsehood, pretentiousness, display, revilement, humiliation, indignity, false claims, ostentations, insolence, rudeness. affectations, showiness, flaunting, izethulo / izibeko (UZL NC 9) reports, posturing, posing, humbug, tablings, presentations (2) izethulo deception, deceit, deceitfulness, / izipho / izipheko (UZL NC 9)/ fraud, hoax, fraudulence, fabrication, iminikelo (UZL NC 10) donations, gifts, duplicity, artifice, subterfuge, awarding, presenting, giving, treachery, trickery, dishonesty, handing over, dispensing, handing hypocrisy, falsity, lying, mendacity, out, conferral, bestowal, granting, lack of veracity. grants, award, according, extending, izenzo (UZL NC 9)/ okwenziwayo (UZL NC entrusting, furnishing. (2) Izethulo 4) verbs (2) actions, acts, deeds, zenkampani ziyabaheha activities, moves, gestures, abathengi. / Company packaging undertakings, exploits, manoeuvres attracts customers = packaging, izenzo ezinhle = good deeds, appearance, arrangements, logos, kindness, achievements, slogans, advertisements, accomplishments izenzo ezimbi = organization, expositions, misdeeds, izenzo zokuzikhandla = dispositions, displays, layouts (3) ventures, enterprises, endeavours, Indingido yokuqala yalomuhlangano efforts, exertions, work, handiworks, izethulo ngalomucimbi. / The first doings, creations, performances item on the agenda is a brief izenzo zokuziphatha = behaviours, background about this event. = conduct; reaction, response introduction, background, izethameli / izithameli (UZL NC 9)/ circumstances, context, conditions, ababukeli / ofakazi (UZL NC 8.1) situation, environment, milieu, spectators, onlookers, watchers, scene, scenario, framework, viewers, observers, witnesses, atmosphere, factors, influences, lead-eyewitnesses, bystanders, non- up, acquainting, debut (4) Kumele 325
sithole izethulo ngalomuthetho zebela uThembi amawolitshi. / The omusha. / There has to be a monkeys steal oranges for Thembi. presentation on this new law. = zebele / zintshontshele (UZL NC 9 : past presentation, PowerPoint tense) They stole… e.g. Izinkawu zebele presentations, tabling of information, uThembi amawolitshi. / The monkeys notes, submissions, demonstrations, steal oranges in the kitchen. talks, explanations, lecture, address, zebelwe / zintshontshelwe (UZL NC 9 : speeches, shows, exhibitions, past perfect tense) They had … stolen… e.g. displays, introductions, launches, Izalukazi zebelwe impesheni unveiling, parading (5) Izethulo ngamaqili. / The old women had zikaLindiwe Ntuli zohlelo “Sikhulekile their pension stolen by con- artists. Ekhaya” / Lindiwe Ntuli’s zebiwe / zintsontshiwe (UZL NC 9 : past presentation of a programme called perfect tense) They were stolen…, They “Greeting to you at Home” = have been stolen… e.g. Izimbali broadcasting, staging, shows, zebiwe insizwa. / The flowers were productions, performance, mounting, stolen by a young man. organizing, showing, representation, zeceza / gebhula / sika / limaza renditions (isenzo / verb) cut, cut more than onces, izethusi /izithusanyoni / cut with a sharp object, make an izinyoka-ezifile (UZL NC 9) dummies, incision, slice, gash, slash, lacerate, mannequins, manikins, lifelike slit, pierce, penetrate, graze, nick, models, figures, lay figures, snick, notch, incise, score, lance, imitations, likeness, lookalike, wound, injure representations, substitutes, zefeza / saha / sika uphindelela samples, copies, replicas, (isenzo / verb) cut with a saw, cut, cut up, reproductions, counterfeits, shams, carve, divide, segment, section fakes, forgeries zeka / landa / tshela / chaza / xoxa / beka / khuluma (isenzo / verb) ze… narrate, tell, relate, recount, give an ze… of… e.g izinkomishi zetiye / cups account of, unfold, set forth/out, of tea describe, detail, sketch out, portray, ze / buze / nqunu naked, nude, chronicle, give a report of, report, bare, in the nude, stark naked, with relay, retail, delineate, rehearse, nothing on, stripped, unclothed, recite; voice-over (2) promise to undressed, uncovered, be dressed in marry, put down-payment as a revealing clothes, be dressed in commitment to marry one’s bride transparent clothes zeka / gana / thola umakoti / zeba / zintshontsha (UZL NC 9 : present thatha umakoti / iba nomfazi (isenzo / tense) They steal… e.g. Izinkawu zeba verb) have a wife, get a wife, find a wife, amawolitshi ekhishini. / The mokeys look for a wife, marry, tie a knot steal oranges from (in / at) the zekela / khongela (isenzo / verb) assist kitchen. with negotiating for another, be an zebe / zintshontshe (UZL NC 9 : past tense) umukhongi (um’khongi) or They stole… e.g. Izinkawu zebe negotiator of ilobolo, contribute amawolitshi ekhishini. / The mokeys towards ilobolo stole oranges from (in /at) the kitchen zekela / xoxela (isenzo / verb) narrate to, zebela / zintshontshela (UZL NC 9 : present talk to, explain to (check zeka /landa tense) They steal for… e.g. Izinkawu above) 326
zekwa / ganiswa / shadiswa (isenzo / zenzele (isenzo / verb) do it for yourself verb) have lobola paid to your family as (DIY) a female, be made to marry (female) zenzelile did it himself or herself zela / ngquphazela / funa ukulala zenzelwe done for them / iba nobuthongo / dakwa zenzisa pretending, faking, lying ubuthongo / khathala (isenzo / verb) be zenzise / khohlisa / teketisa / drowsy, be sleepy, be half-asleep, be shaya engazukuthi (isenzo / verb) tired, weary, be fatigued, be pretend, make as if, profess, affect; extremely exhausted, be lethargic, dissimulate, dissemble, pose, be sluggish, be dozy, be heavy, be posture, put it on, put on a false heavy-eyed, yawn, be nodding, be front, go through the motions, sham, groggy, be somnolent, be ready for fake it, kid bed, be torpid, be lifeless, be listless, zethu (UZL NC 9) our e.g izingane zethu be languid, be languorous, be / our children comatose, be dazed, be drugged (2)tranquillizing, lulling, soothing; azi… dreamy azi / qaphela (isenzo / verb) know, be zelela (isenzo / verb) be drowsy on, at, to aware, beware, be on your guard, e.g. uThemba uzelela esiteringini. / watch out, look out, mind out, be Temba is drowsy on the steering- wary, be careful, be cautious, be on wheel. the lookout, be on the alert, keep zelisa / lalisa (isenzo / verb) make one or your eyes open, be vigilant, be alert, others sleepy, causing drowsiness, take care, take heed, have a care, bore someone, be boring, be tedious take it slowly, look where you're to, be unbearable, pall on, stultify, going, tread carefully, proceed with stupefy, weary, tire, fatigue, send to caution sleep, exhaust, wear out, leave cold, azisa / hlonipha / khulekela / bore to tears, bore to death, thobela (isenzo / verb) respect, esteem, hebetate. admire, think highly of, have a high Zenele. / Zanele. (sentence word: UZL NC 9) opinion of, hold in high regard, hold They are enough. / They have had in (high) esteem, think much of, enough. approve of, appreciate, cherish, zenelise, zigculise, aneliseka, value, set (great) store by, prize, eneliseka, gcwaliseka satisfy treasure, look up to, pay homage to, oneself, become fulfilled, be happy, venerate, revere, reverence, adulate, be satisfied, worship, idolize, put on a pedestal, Zeneliseni. / Zaneliseni (sentence word: lionize, hero-worship, honour, UZL NC 9) satisfy them, fulfill them, applaud, praise, favour (2) Azisa gratify them, meet their indawo yakho yokulala / show regard expectations, serve them well, for your resting or sleeping place = provide for them, supply them show consideration for, show regard generously, indulge them, please for, take into consideration, take into them account, make allowances for, take zenu (UZL NC 9) your e.g izingane zenu / cognizance of, observe, pay your children heed/attention to, bear in mind, be zenze (isenzo / verb) do it on yourself, self- mindful of, be heedful of, remember, help regard (3) Yazisa imiyalelo kanyoko / Abide by the rules of your mother or 327
Respect your mother’s warnings = ezithendeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in abide by, comply with, follow, adhere / for the heels to, conform to, act in accordance ezithweni / emilenzeni (undaweni / with, acquiesce to, assent to, consent locative) to / at / in / for the legs. (2) to, accord to, yield to, submit to, ezithweni / emizimbeni to / at / in defer to, bow to, obey, observe / for the bodies aziwa (isenzo / verb) be known ezizibeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / for the rivers, still water, deep water ezi… ezizweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / ezi… (UZL NC 9, isiqalo sesiphawulo / adjective prefix ) for the nationalities, countries, izingane ezinhle / beautiful places, far away places children, izenzo ezimbi / bad actions, izingane ezikhulumayo / izi… talking children or talkative children izibabazo (UZL NC 9) exclamations ezibalweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in izibaca (UZL NC 9) flat things / for the sums, accounts etc. izibacakisi / izigandayi (UZL NC 9) ezibanini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / grinders, molar teeth for the lights, lamps or brightness izibalo / izibaloxazulula (UZL NC 9) ezibayeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / mathematics (2) counting, for the kraal accounting ezilwaneni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in izibambiso (UZL NC 9) deposits, down / for the animals payment ezimbi the ugly ones e.g. Izinto izibambo (UZL NC 9) handles ezimbi / The ugly things. izibani (UZL NC 9) lamps, lights, ezindaweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in illumination / for the places, locations areas etc. izibankwa (UZL NC 9) lizards ezinhle the beautiful ones e.g. izibaya (UZL NC 9) kraals izingane ezinhle / The beautiful izibazi (UZL NC 9) scars children. izibazisi (UZL NC 9) curving tools ezinkambeni / ezinkabweni (undaweni izibazo (UZL NC 9) curvings / locative) to / at / in / for the pots of izibekelo (UZL NC 9)/ imiqathango (UZL medicine. NC 10) preconditions, prerequisites, ezinkweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / obligatory conditions for the bread izibekiso (UZL NC 9) lay-byes, deposits ezinganeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in izibele (UZL NC 9) male breasts / for the children izibi (UZL NC 9)/ udoti (UZL NC 1.1) rubbish, ezingeni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / thrash, waste for the level. izibiko / izethulo (UZL NC 9)/ imibiko ezintweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / (UZL NC 10) reports, presentations, for the things. feedback ezinzwaneni (undaweni / locative) to / at / izibiliso (UZL NC 9) fermentations, in / for the toes. yeasts eziqalweni (undaweni / locative) to / at / in izibindi (UZL NC 9) livers / for the prefixes, origins, openings. izibihli (UZL NC 9) melting things eziqiwini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / izibizo (UZL NC 9) bride’s family pre-for the reserves, animal parks marriage gifts eziswini (undaweni / locative) to / at / in / izibomu (UZL NC 9) deliberate acts, for the stomachs intentional acts 328
izibonakalisi (UZL NC 9)/ amalambu izibucu / izicubu (UZL NC 9) minced or (UZL NC 9) lights, indicators cut up into very small chunks such as izibonakaliso / izibonakalisisitha meat, / iziprofetho (UZL NC 9)/ imibhulelo / izibukeli / izethameli (UZL NC 9) imibonisozimfihlo (UZL NC 10) spectators, onlookers, fans, revelations, disclosures, (2) supporters, audiences indicators izibukezo (UZL NC 9) / imibukezo (UZL NC izibonelo (UZL NC 9) examples 10)/ ukulungisa (UZL NC 4)/ izilungiso izibongelo / izithakazelo / (UZL NC 9) rehearsals, reiterations, iziqubulo (UZL NC 9) praise-names, oral repeating, restatement, retelling, history of black African families, iterations, recitals, recapitulations chants, oral tradition recitals, family (2)editing, corrections, updating, history recitation, mantras, emendation, alterations, changing, incantations, intonations, recitations, adaptation, rewriting, redrafting, singing, songs, recitative recasting, rephrasing, reworking, izibongo / izithakazelo (UZL NC 9) updating, revamping (3) review, surnames, family names, official restructuring, reconsideration, re-identities, legal identities examination, reassessment, re-izibophezelo / izibopho evaluation, reappraisal, change /izivumelwano rethinking, modification/izishicilelomuthetho / izibuko (UZL NC 9)/ indawo yokuwela izivumelwanozibophezelo / river crossing, crossing, pedestrian izingalo-zomuthetho (UZL NC 9)/ crossing, street crossing, pelican amakhontrakthi (UZL NC 7) contracts, crossing, zebra crossing, (2) written agreements, commitments, traversal, traverse, passage, voyage, arrangements, deals, obligations, journey, cruise, sail (3) izibuko / responsibilities, settlements, bonds, izithwebuli (UZL NC 9) mirrors, undertakings, understandings, reflectors, looking glasses (4)compacts, packs, conventions, izibuko (UZL NC 9) spectacles, glasses, bargaining agreements, treaties, eye-glasses, Memoranda of Understanding izibulo (UZL NC 2)/ umaqala (UZL NC 1.1) (MOU), accounts, concordats, first born child in the family engagements izibopho / izintambo (UZL NC 9)/ (***amazibulo, UZL NC 7, plural / first born amafosi (UZL NC 7) cords, laces, ties, strings, wires, bonds, fetters, links, children in the family ; inkosazane, ligatures, fastenings, fasteners umafungwase / first born female child, izibozi (UZL NC 9) / okonakele (UZL NC 4) inkosana / first born male child) rotten things; rot, decomposition, decay, corrosion izibunu / izinqa (UZL NC 9) bums, izibubulo / iziqubulo (UZL NC 9)/ bottoms, buttocks, backsides, rear itoyitoyi (UZL NC 6)/ izigqi /izibongelo ends(UZL NC 9) slogans, chants, legends, izibunge (UZL NC 9)/ amakha (UZL NC 7)/ catchphrases, toyitoyi, catchline, impepho (UZL NC 6)/ ukunuka catchwords, jingles, sayings, kamunandi (UZL NC 4) scents, smell, formulas, watchwords, mottos, fragrances, aromas, sages, perfume, mantras, rallying cries, ululations, redolence, savour, odour, whiff; shibboleths bouquet, nose izibungu / izimpethu / izikelemu (UZL NC 9)/ imisundu (UZL NC 10)/ ompeshwana / onompeshwana (UZL 329
NC 8.1) worms, earthworms, insurrection, mutinies, revolutions, roundworms, flatworms, vermian insurgences, insurgency, rising, izibusiso (UZL NC 9)/ amathamusanqa rioting, civil disobedience, civil (UZL NC 7)/ izinhlanhla (UZL NC 9) blessings, disorder, unrests, anarchy, fighting fortunes, luck, prosperity, good life, in the streets, uprisings, service love, abundance delivery protest marches, coups, izibhada /izibhadu (UZL NC 9)/ regime changesimikhangu (UZL NC 10) birthmarks, izibhicongo / izinhlekelele (UZL NC 9)/ naevus, strawberry mark, port wine umonakalo (UZL NC 1.2) destructions, stain, mole; blemish, discoloration, demolitions, episodes of any of the patch. following : knocking down, pulling izibhadu (UZL NC 9)/ amabala down, tearing down, dismantling, amakhulu amabi (UZL NC 7) big ugly wrecking, breaking up, ruination, spots, multiple big marks, patches, smashing, blasting, shattering, pops, dots, specks, speckles, flecks, blowing up, bombing, torpedoing, smudges, smears, stains, blotches, mass killings, catastrophes, blots, splashes, daubs massacres izibhakela (UZL NC 9) fists izibhobo (UZL NC 9)/ amahlaba (UZL NC 7) izibhalala / izikhafu (UZL NC 9)/ sharps pains, shooting pains, amaduku okwembatha / amaduku stabbing pains, pangs, spasms, okushuqula (UZL NC 9) scarves, scarfs, stitches, crampsmufflers, headscarves, head-squares, izibhongo (UZL NC 9)/ izibhamu (UZL NC 9) guns (2) izibhamu ukuziphindiselela (UZL NC 4) revenge, / izipatsha (UZL NC 9)= glamourous requital, reprisal, vengeance, women retribution, retaliation, izibhanana (UZL NC 9) banana recriminationplantations izibhubhubhu (UZL NC 9)/ izibhebhe (UZL NC 9)/ amabhilibhodi isibhubhubhu / isigubhukane (UZL (UZL NC 7) billboards, big or very broad NC 5) suddenness , unexpectedness, flat objects, outdoor boards unforeseen, unanticipated, anything izibhedi / izibhedane (UZL NC 9)/ which happens without warning or osomahlaya (UZL NC 8.1) comedians, notice, not bargained for, immediate, jokers, funny people, humorous swift, instantaneous, instant, talkers, wits, humorists precipitous, precipitate, abrupt, izibhedu (UZL NC 9) protests (see izibhelu) rapid, quick, lightning, quick, hurriedizibhedubhedu (UZL NC 9) violent izibhudukane (UZL NC 9) eruptionsprotests (see izibhelu) izicaba / izibaca / izidavazi (UZL NC 9) izibhedlela (UZL NC 9)/ imitholampilo flat objects, any objects that are flat. (UZL NC 10) hospitals, medical (check izibaca above) (2) izicaba / institutions, medical centres, health amaThasikhani = Tuscany designed centres, clinics, infirmaries, houses or houses which resemble sanatoriums, nursing homes, designs of west Italy houses. convalescent homes izicabucabu (UZL NC 9) spidersizibhelu (UZL NC 9)/ imibhikisho / izicabha / izivalo (UZL NC 9)/ imibhidlango (UZL NC 10)/ udlame (UZL iminyango (UZL NC 10)/ amacango (UZL NC NC 3)/ ingxabano (UZL NC 6) multiple 7) doors, doorways, portals, openings, sporadic incidences of protests, hatches, entrances, entries, exits, rebellions, revolts, riots, egresses 330
izicaciso / izichachiso / snippets, snips, remnants, fragments, izikhanyiso / iziphawulo (UZL NC 9)/ slivers, splinters, chips, bits, tiny bits, imininingwane (UZL NC 10)/ izilandiso pieces, tiny pieces, wisps(UZL NC 9)/ imibiko (UZL NC 10)/ izithombe izichaka / izihlupheki / izilambi (UZL NC 9) explanations, descriptions, (UZL NC 9)/ onozikweletu (UZL NC 8.1) accounts, elucidations, illustrations, poverty-stricken people, reports, representations, impoverished people, destitute interpretations, chronicles, people, the ones dying of hunger, narrations, narratives, recounting, necessitous, beggars, the penurious, rendition, relations, commentaries, the impecunious, the indigents, the versions, portrayals, portraits, word needy, the indebtedpictures, evocations, details (2) izicholo (UZL NC 9)/ amafindo (UZL NC 7)/ izicaciso / izichaciso (UZL NC 9) in izibopho (UZL NC 9) tufts, clumps, grammar = qualificatives such as : bunches, knots, clusters, tussocks, iziphawulo (UZL NC 9)/adjectives; locks, wisps, crests, topknots, tassels, izibaluli (UZL NC 9)/ relatives, floccules, ongumunini (UZL NC 1.1)/ possessives, izichulu (UZL NC 9)/ amachulu (UZL NC 7)/ inani (UZL NC 2)/ quantitatives izinqulu (UZL NC 9) hip-bonesizicathulo / izihlangu (UZL NC 9) shoes, izichwayo (UZL NC 9)/amakamu / izicebi / izinginga / izinkinsela / amahhala (UZL NC 7) hair-combs, combs, izigwili / izimpunyela (UZL NC 9)/ hair-brushes, tools used to groom, abadla izambane likapondo (UZL NC tools for untangling, smooth, 8.1) wealthy people, the rich, the straighteners, rakesaffluent, the moneyed, millionaires, izichwe (UZL NC 9)/otokoloshe / billionaires, trillionths, well off, the otikoloshe (UZL NC 8.1)/imithwa (UZL NC well-to-do, the prosperous, the 10)/ amadoda- amafishane (UZL NC 7)/ comfortable, the opulent, the omantindane (UZL NC 8.1) dwarfs, propertied, those of means, those of pigmies, pygmies, very short person, substance, the plutocratic those with restricted growth izicefe / izicikane (UZL NC 9) irritating (2)izichwe (UZL NC 9)/ obhokoloshe (UZL things NC 8.1) = the lightweights, mediocrities, iziceke / izinkeshezi (UZL NC 9) half nobodies, gnats, insignificants full, half empty izichwensi (UZL NC 9)/ ochwensa / izici (UZL NC 9) imperfections abadelelayo / abachwensayo (UZL NC iziciciyeli (UZL NC 9) repairers 8.1)/izideleli / izedeleli (UZL NC 9) iziciko / izivalo / izidikiselo (UZL NC 9) rascals, scoundrels, rogues, rude lids, coverings, top, cap, covering; people, ill-mannered people cork, stopper, bung, plug izicwangcwisi izicocisi / izihlambisi / /izinhlelonzalo/izicwangcisi / izikhuhlukisi (UZL NC 9) cleaning izivimbinzalo (UZL NC 9) chemicals = detergents, cleaners, contraceptives, birth-control cleansers, washing powder, washing- methods; pregnancy preventing up liquid; soap powder, soap flakes procedures; contraceptive pills, izicoco (UZL NC 9)/ ongiyane (UZL NC 8.1) injections, incisions, fertility head-rings of Zulu men (2) crowns of suppression deviceshuts (check isicoco) izicwebi (UZL NC 9)/ abacwebileyo / izicucu (UZL NC 9) shreds, small pieces abangcwele (UZL NC 8.1)/ of things, tatters, scraps, strips, rags, oshwelebaba/ abalungilelo / 331
abalandeli-baJesu Krestu / guides, the cleansed, the protected, abakholiwe (UZL NC 8.1) the holy, the the ones living beyond saints, the religious, Christ izidambisamuzimba / followers, the kind, sinless, righteous izidambisazinhlungu (UZL NC izicwebisi / izicweli (UZL NC 9)/ 9)/imithi-yokwelapha (UZL NC 9) / ifloradi (UZL NC 6) fluoride izelapho / izilapho / iziphilisi / izicwengo (UZL NC 9)/ amavovo (UZL NC 7) izibuyisamandla (UZL NC 9) medication, skimming instruments, sifting medicament, remedies, cures, instruments, clearing instruments nostrums, dose, panacea, placebo, izicwicwicwi/ izicukuthwane (UZL NC prescribed drugs, medicinal drugs, 9)/ ononhlevu (UZL NC prescription, treatments, healing, 8.1)/iziphakanyiswa (UZL NC 9)/ therapeutics, therapyomuntakabani (UZL NC 8.1) the elite, the izideku (UZL NC 9)/ ingqikithi (UZL NC 6)/ selected few , the nonpareils, the izimpande (UZL NC 9) roots, root and elect, aristocracy, nobility, gentry, branch, the source of natural process upper class, the privileged class, first in trees, (2) the root canals (3) the class, establishment; high society root causes, the essence, the origins, izicwiyo (UZL NC 9)/ ezikahheshane (UZL originationNC 9)/ onoxhaka (UZL NC 8.1) spying izidenga / izinoko (UZL NC 9)/ amavila devices, traps (UZL NC 7)/ oxathawane / izidabane (UZL NC 9) wild banana, abangenamudlandla (UZL NC 8.1) people strelitzia augusta who are indolent, lazy, idle, slothful, izidabulane / izihlabani / loafing, work-shy, apathetic, izihlakaniphi (UZL NC 9) geniuses, lackadaisical, inactive, inert, sluggish, intellectuals, brilliant lethargic, listless, slow, slow-moving, izidakamizwa (UZL NC 9)/ dull umubulalazwe (UZL NC 10)/ izidididi (UZL NC 9)/ insambatheka (UZL izidungangqondo / izilalisi (UZL NC 9) NC 6)/ okudidayo / narcotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, okungaqondakaliyo/ addictive drugs, recreational drugs, okuxakanisekile / okuxakanisayo illegal drugs, abused substances, (UZL NC 4) confusion, bewilderment, alcohol, cigarette, dagga (2) izilalisi bafflement, perplexity, puzzlement, = sedatives, tranquillizers, mystification, stupefaction, calmatives, depressants, sleeping disorientation, befuddlement, pills, soporifics, narcotics, opiates muddle, discomfiture, discomposure, izidakwa / izimpuzi (UZL NC 9) astonishmentdrunkards, alcoholics izidididi / iziduphunga / izidalwa (UZL NC 9)/ imvelo / imveli iziphukuphuku (UZL NC 9)/ (UZL NC 6)/ okudaliwe (UZL NC 4) creations, ozamuthilili (UZL NC 8.1)/ people, nature, the world, the iziphungumangathi / izilima / universe, the cosmos, life, living izimpatha (UZL NC 9) idiots, fools, things buffoons, dunces, dolts, morons, izidalwa / izithutha (UZL NC 9)/ ignoramuses, cretins, imbeciles, abangasekho / abaphansi (UZL NC 8.1)/ dullard, clods, simpletonsamathongo / amadlozi (UZL NC 8.1) izidikadika (UZL NC 9)/ indilibathwa / ancestors, the deceased, the imbadlambadla/ insumansumane departed, the spirits, the spiritual / intwenkulu (UZL NC 6) massive objects, huge, enormous phenomena, 332