Taxonomy of Farrea (Farrea Bowerbank, Hexactinellida, Hexactinosida) from the southwestern Atlantic, with description of a new species and a discussion on the recognition of subspecies in Porifera

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Date: Mar. 2011
From: Canadian Journal of Zoology(Vol. 89, Issue 3)
Publisher: NRC Research Press
Document Type: Report
Length: 6,873 words
Lexile Measure: 1270L

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Abstract :

The present study reports three species of Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 from Campos Basin (southwestern Atlantic): Farrea herdendorfi Duplessis and Reiswig, 2004, Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862, and Farrea campossinus sp. nov. This is the first record of F. herdendorfi for the South Atlantic and only the second record of the species worldwide. Farrea occa is described and reported to form mass occurrences in the area's sponge and coral banks, as seen in extensive video recording undertaken between 900 and 1100 m depth. The new species approaches Farrea foliascens Topsent, 1906 very closely, but differs in that its hooked anchorate clavules are much larger and the meshes of its dictyonal framework rather more irregular. Our thoughts on whether the proposed new species deserved species or subspecies rank led to an investigation on the usage of subspecies rank in Porifera. A historical overview, mainly contrasting Demospongiae and Hexactinellida is offered here. We concluded that no rule of thumb is readily made out from the comparative analysis of various authors' taxonomic decisions. Until one such agreement is achieved, it appears to us that naming new subspecies should be objectively argued for, or better, totally avoided, as a useless further dimension to taxonomic uncertainty in poriferan classification. Notre etude signale la presence de trois especes de Farrea Bowerbank, 1862 dans le bassin de Campos (sudouest de l'Atlantique), Farrea herdendorfi Duplessis et Reiswig, 2004, Farrea occa Bowerbank, 1862 et Farrea campossinus sp. nov. Il s'agit de la premiere mention de F. herdendorfi dans l'Atlantique Sud et seulement de la seconde mention de l'espece a l'echelle globale. Nous decrivons F. occa et indiquons qu'elle forme des masses sur les bancs de coraux et d'eponges de la region, comme l'indiquent les nombreux enregistrements videorealises aux profondeurs situeees entre 900 et 1100 m. La nouvelle espece ressemble fortement a Farrea foliascens Topsent, 1906, mais s'en distingue par ses clavules recourbes en forme d'ancres beaucoup plus grands et les mailles plus irregulieres de son reseau dictyonal. Nos reflexions sur le statut d'espece ou de sous-espece a attribuer a la nouvelle entite nous ont amenesa etudier l'attribution du rang de sous-espece chez les Porifera. Nous presentons une retrospective historique qui compare principalement les Demospongiae et les Hexactinellida. Nous concluons qu'aucune regle empirique ne ressort clairement de l'analyse comparative des decisions taxonomiques des differents auteurs. Tant qu'il n'existera pas de consensus, il nous apparait que l'eetablissement de nouvelles sous-especes devrait etre solidement appuyee de maniere objective, ou mieux, evite totalement, puisqu'il s'agit d'une dimension additionnelle inutile d'incertitude dans la classification des porifeares. [Traduit par la Redaction]
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Gale Document Number: GALE|A252848222