Octopodidae – Gurita

Family Octopodidae

: Bathypolypus arcticus
Eneteroctopus dofleini, Giant Pacific Octopus
Octopus briareus, Caribbean reef octopus
Octopus insularis
Octopus macropus (jpg)
Octopus mototi
Octopus vulgaris, Common octopus
Octopus rubescens, Red octopus
Octopus salutii
Hapalochlaena lunulata, a Blue ringed octopus

Bathypolypus arcticus, hidup di kedalaman 200-600 di samudera Atlantik. Gurita ini sangat kecil dengan berat dewasa hanya mencapai 45 gram. Lebih kecil dari tangan kita. Gurita yang hidup di laut dalam tidak memiliki tinta, memiliki jumlah telur yang tidak banyak. Gurita betinanya menjaga telurnya selama 400 hari sampai menetas, dan selama itu gurita ini tidak makan dan menghabiskan energi dari tubuh mereka sendiri untuk menjaga telurnya. Dan mereka memiliki hidup yang lebih panjang dari pada gurita yang hidup di perairan dangkal. Rata2 berumur 3 tahun sedangkan gurita di perairan dangkal hanya setahun

Related image

Eneteroctopus dofleini, Giant Pacific Octopus, di temukan di Samudera Pasifik. Yang dewasa di temukan dengan berat 10-15kg, walaupun ada beberapa jenis di temukan dengn berat 272kg dengan lebar 10m. Berumur 3-5 tahun dengan temperatur 10°C. Betina bisa bertelur ratusan bahkan ribuan telur, yang mereka jaga selama 6 bulan hingga mati..

Related image

Octopus briareus, Caribbean reef octopus, Gurita merupakan hewan nokturnal. Betina bisa bertelur hingga 500 butir selama bulan Januari

Octopus insularis

Octopus macropus

Image result for octopus macropus

Octopus mototi – Kleptopus adalah gurita beracun yang suka bersembunyi di dalam cangkang kerang. Habitat mereka biasanya di pasir vulkanik yang berwarna hitam di kedalaman 12m dan jauh dari terumbu karang. Bisa berubah warna.

Related image Image result for Octopus mototi

Octopus vulgaris, Common octopus di temukan di perairan tropis atau semi tropis di kedalaman 200m. Paling sering di tangkap nelayan dan di jadikan kuliner. Berumur 12-18 bulan. Bisa bertelur 100rb – 500rb butir. Aktif di siang hari dan pintar berkamuflase

Image result for octopus vulgaris

Octopus rubescens – Red octopuses gurita kecil pemakan plankton.

Image result for octopus rubescens

Octopus salutii Memiliki tentankel yang panjang dan bisa menghasilkan 2rb-4rb telur.

Hapalochlaena lunulata, a Blue ringed octopus sangat beracun, bertelur 60-100 butir telur dan kecil

Image result for hapalochlaena lunulata Related image

Coconut octopus – veined octopus, Habitat di dasar laut berpasir

Related image

Seekor gurita yang lagi menjaga anaknya

Octopus tetricus Gloomy Octopus

Related image

Sepioloidea lineolata, the Striped pyjama squid

Sepioloidea lineolata

Tridacnidae – Giant Clams

Description True giants among the clams, some shells of the Tridacnidae family weigh in at 300 pounds and 3 feet in length. This large mollusc represents an evolutionary off-shoot of the cockle family, which has become highly specialized in both its structure and nutrition. The shell remains attached by a large byssus that, contrary to other clams, appears to emerge from a gap on the dorsal side, near the hinge (see picture at lower right). What has actually happened is that the hinge and umbones have migrated 180 degrees to the ventral position with respect to the internal organs. One adductor muscle has disappeared, and the mantle –actually, enlarged fleshy siphons– fills the entire fluted opening of the shell. All live vertically oriented with the hinge side down. The mantle has brilliantly colored pigment spots that protect against excessive sun. Deeper, inside the blood sinuses, the trydacnas host millions of living symbiotic, microscopic algae, or zooxanthellae (“zoh-ox-anth-a-lee”). Light for photosynthesis is further focussed on the algae by transparent hyaline lenses along the siphon. The lenses are like those of siphonal “eyes” found in cockles. Although the clam is able to make use of filter feeding like other clams, the zooxanthellae photosynthesize large quantities of nutrient compounds. These products are used as food by the clam, and its excretory organs are correspondingly enlarged to handle a large nitrogenous load from algal metabolism. Where tridacna are found, the zooxanthellae play a key role in coral reef formation by providing food for many invertebrate organisms

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta

Order: Veneroida

Superfamily: Tridacnacea

Family: Tridacnidae

Major Genera

Genus: Hippopus
Genus: Tridacna

Image result for tridacnidae

Related image

Image result for tridacnidae

Related image

Image result for tridacnidae

Genus: Hippopus

hippopus porcellanus

Genus: Tridacna

crocea derasa evae gigas lorenzi

maxima elongata mbalavuana ningaloo noae

rosewateri squamosa squamosina

Tellinidae – Tellin Clams

Description
: The Rostrate Tellin shown at the right is paper thin. It was collected on the island of Honshu, Japan, in 1960, in a central location. In general, tellins have narrow, thin shells, and a wide blade-like foot. They can easily insert their foot into soft sands, and, since their body is also blade-like, they can withdraw below fast enough to escape a predator.; Interestingly, tellins carry the oxygen carrying pigment, hemoglobin, in both their nerve ganglia and muscle cells. The myoglobin form of this pigment is found in muscles, giving them a bright red color. This property of assisted oxygen delivery to tissues is also found in a few other bivalves (see for example, Arcidae).; In contrast to most tellins, the Rasp Tellin shown below has a rather sturdy shell with a perisostracum that seems like it could serve as a rasp.

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta

Order: Veneroida

Superfamily: Tellinacea

Family: Tellinidae

Major Genera

Genus: Apolemetus
Genus: Gastrona
Genus: Macoma
Genus: Psammotreta
Genus: Strigilla
Genus: Tellina

Aenigmotellina nishimurai	Ameritella felix	Ameritella versicolor	Angulus minuta	Apolymetis intestriata	Apolymetis meyeri	Leporimetis cognata	Leporimetis ephippium
Leporimetis spectabilis	Arcopagia balaustina	Arcopagia crassa	Arcopagia fausta	Arcopagia isseli	Arcopagia richardi	Asthenometis asthenodon	Atlantella distorta
Bathytellina abyssicola	Bathytellina citrocarnea	Bosemprella incarnata	Cadella smithi	Coanyax pacifica	Dellius georgianus	Loxoglypta rhomboides	Loxoglypta subpallida
Loxoglypta transculpta	Gastrana fragilis	Gastrana matadoa	Hanleyanus oblongus	Herouvalia caelata	Heteromacoma irus	Idatellina idae	Indotellina chariessa
Iridona iridescens	Jitlada arsinoensis	Jitlada juvenilis	Laciolina chloroleuca	Macalia bruguieri	Cymatoica orientalis	Cymatoica undulata	Jactellina hungerfordi
Macoma balthica	Macoma biota	Macoma brota	Macoma calcarea	Macoma candida	Macoma carlottensis	Macoma cleryana	Macoma constricta
Macoma contabulata	Macoma ecuadoriana	Macoma elimata	Macoma elytrum	Macoma expansa	Macoma extenuata	Macoma golikovi	Macoma hesperus
Macoma inclinata	Macoma incongrua	Macoma indentata	Macoma inornata	Macoma inquinata	Macoma lama	Macoma lamproleuca	Macoma levior
Macoma limula	Macoma lipara	Macoma litoralis	Macoma loveni	Macoma lucerna	Macoma medioamericana	Macoma mitchelli	Macoma moesta
Macoma nasuta	Macoma phenax	Macoma pseudomera	Macoma pulleyi	Macoma retrorsa	Macoma schultzei	Macoma secta	Macoma sectior

Spondylidae – Thorny Oysters

DescriptionDespite the similar common name, the thorny oyster molllusc is more closely related to the scallop. Like scallops and file clams, they have a well developed middle mantle that carries sensory tentacles with multiple eyes around the shell edges. Reflecting this rich endowment of sensory receptors, their cerebral and visceral ganglia have become much more concentrated, in the visceral region, and they show distinct optic lobes with nerve trunks to the mantle edges (Morton, 1960). However, in common with the true oysters, thorny oysters live cemented to shells or other substrates as epifaunal species, rather than living attached by a byssus. Their key shell characteristic is a ball & socket type hinge, rather than the more common toothed hinge of bivalves.

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Pteriomorpha

Order: Pterioida

Suborder: Ostreina

Family: Spondylidae

Single Genus: Spondylus

Image result for Thorny Oysters

Related image

Related image Image result for Thorny Oysters

Image result for Thorny Oysters

Spondylus albibarbatus	Spondylus americanus	Spondylus anacanthus	Spondylus asiaticus	Spondylus asperrimus	Spondylus aurispinae	Spondylus avramsingeri	Spondylus butleri
Spondylus calcifer	Spondylus camurus	Spondylus candidus	Spondylus castus	Spondylus chinensis	Spondylus clarksoni	Spondylus crassisquama	Spondylus croceus
Spondylus cruentus	Spondylus deforgesi	Spondylus depressus	Spondylus eastae	Spondylus echinatus	Spondylus echinus	Spondylus electrum	Spondylus electus
Spondylus erectospinosus	Spondylus erinaceus	Spondylus excavatus	Spondylus exiguus	Spondylus exilis	Spondylus fauroti	Spondylus flabellum	Spondylus foliaceus
Spondylus fragilis	Spondylus gaederopus	Spondylus gilvus	Spondylus gloriosus	Spondylus gravis	Spondylus groschi	Spondylus gussonii	Spondylus hawaiensis
Spondylus heidkeae	Spondylus imperialis	Spondylus jubalensis	Spondylus lamarckii	Spondylus layardi	Spondylus leucacanthus	Spondylus lima	Spondylus linguafelis
Spondylus longitudinalis	Spondylus maestratii	Spondylus microlepos	Spondylus mireilleae	Spondylus morrisoni	Spondylus multimuricatus	Spondylus mus	Spondylus nicobaricus
Spondylus occidens	Spondylus ocellatus	Spondylus orstomi	Spondylus pickeringae	Spondylus prionifer	Spondylus proneri	Spondylus raoulensis	Spondylus reesianus
Spondylus regius	Spondylus rippingalei	Spondylus roseus	Spondylus senegalensis	Spondylus setiger	Spondylus sinensis	Spondylus sparsispinosus	Spondylus spectrum
Spondylus spinosus	Spondylus squamosus	Spondylus tenellus	Spondylus tenuispinosus	Spondylus unicolor	Spondylus vaillanti	Spondylus variegatus	Spondylus varius

Psammobiidae – Sunset Clams

Description
Psammobiid clams are generally considered an invasive species in Pacific Northwest waters, generally believed to have been carried in ship ballast water from the Korean peninsula and Japan. All are burrowing suspension feeders, with well-developed siphons. They are now widely distributed in the Northwest and even found in the upper intertidal zone where significant fresh water input is present. The clam is considered commercially to be a “soft-shelled” clam, with an easily breakable shell. Sea birds have been observed to feed by dropping the clams from height, and they are a valuable commercial food product.

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta

Order: Veneroida

Superfamily: Tellinacea

Family: Psammobiidae

Major Genera

Genus: Asaphis
Genus: Gari
Genus: Heterodonax
Genus: Hiatula
Genus: Psammobaea
Genus: Sanguinolaria

Asaphis deflorata	Asaphis violascens	Gari amethystus	Gari anomala	Gari californica	Gari castrensis	Gari chinensis	Gari circe
Gari convexa	Gari costulata	Gari crassula	Gari depressa	Gari elongata	Gari fervensis	Gari galatheae	Gari helenae
Gari insignis	Gari intermedia	Gari juliae	Gari kazusensis	Gari kenyoniana	Gari lata	Gari lessoni	Gari lineolata
Gari livida	Gari maculosa	Gari maxima	Gari minor	Gari modesta	Gari occidens	Gari oriens	Gari pallida
Gari palmura	Gari panamensis	Gari pennata	Gari pseudoweinkauffi	Gari pulcherrima	Gari radiata	Gari rasilis	Gari regularis
Gari sibogai	Gari solida	Gari squamosa	Gari stangeri	Gari tellinella	Gari togata	Gari truncata	Gari virescens
Gari virgata	Heterodonax bimaculatus	Heterodonax pacificus	Heteroglypta contraria	Hiatula acuta	Hiatula adamsii	Hiatula alba	Hiatula ambigua
Hiatula atrata	Hiatula biradiata	Hiatula boeddinghausi	Hiatula capensis	Hiatula chinensis	Hiatula clouei	Hiatula connectens	Hiatula diphos
Hiatula lunulata	Hiatula nitida	Hiatula ovalis	Hiatula rosea	Hiatula siliquens	Nuttallia ezonis	Nuttallia japonica	Nuttallia obscurata
Nuttallia olivacea	Nuttallia petri	Psammotella bertini	Psammotella cruenta	Sanguinolaria cumingiana	Sanguinolaria ovalis	Sanguinolaria sanguinolentus	Sanguinolaria tellinoide

Poromyidae

Description

Carnivorous Mini-Clams!

Species in the Order, Anomalodesmata, account for over 70% of all those benthic and abyssal clams that feed carnivorously or by scavenging tissue fragments –a mode of feeding that is unusual and not at all characteristic of the vast majority of bivalves.

Among the Anomalodesmata, the small deep water clam, Poromya granulata, (Superfamily: Poromyoidea) shown at right, is fairly typical in feeding behavior to other Superfamilies in this Order; e.g., the Verticordioidea and Cuspidarioidea. Many of the genera in these superfamilies have a similarly large, eversible inhalant siphon. The siphon can be quickly retracted with the prey, by strong retractor muscles that invert the cowl to bring food to the mouth. It is believed that the tentacles, which bear ciliary sense organs, are used to detect motion and thereby serve to locate prey. Moreover, the intestine is remarkably modified for digestion of large food fragments.

The classification system below follows that of Bouchet et al. (2010), in which the Anomalodesmata are now considered to be monophyletic, based on molecular analysis, anatomical analysis, shell morphology and shell microstructure; also, followed by the Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base (WMSDB).

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta Infraclass: Euheterodonta

Order: Anomalodesmata

Superfamily: Poromyoidea

Family: Poromyidae

Major Genera

Genus: Poromya

adelaidis carinata cymata flexuosa granulata

hayashii houbricki lohaliensis microsculpta neozelanica

rostrata sumatrana

Pinnidae – Pen Shells

Description Keen, 1958, describes the Pen Shells as being slender, fragile, and so brittle that for protection they lie buried in mud with the pointed end down. They are anchored there by a tuft of fine fibers (byssal threads) which are secreted by glands of the foot. Keen further recounts the following fascinating history: “The fine golden-brown byssal fibers of the Mediterranean Pinna were used to weave the legendary Cloth-of-Gold, a fabric that must have rivalled our finest synthetics, for a woman’s scarf of this material was said to be so flexible it could be rolled into a ball the size of a walnut. So much work was involved to harvest enough of the Pinnas and to process the fiber for weaving, however, that the cloth could be afforded only by royalty.”

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Pteriomorpha

Order: Mytiloida

Superfamily: Pinnacea

Family: Pinnidae

Major Genera

Genus: Atrina
Genus: Pinna
Genus: Streptopinna

Image result for pinnidae

Related image

Atrina

chinensis fragilis hystrix inflata kinoshitai

lischkeana maura oldroydii pectinata recta

rigida serrata squamifera tasmanica teramachii

texta tuberculosa vexillum zelandica

Pinna

bicolor carnea cellophana comancheana seminuda

epica exquisita incurva linguafelis saccata

muricata nobilis robinaldina rudis rugosa

Pholadidae – Piddocks

Description: Piddocks have rather uniquely evolved shells. Rather than containing their body fully inside a bivalve shell enclosure, they burrow a cavity into wood, rock, and depend on other materials as well (including other shells) for their protection. To accomplish this, the main shell halves each have formed into separable, movable, grinding plates, which are usually too small to completely encircle the mollusc. These rounded plates have stubby external spikes on the anterior sides, for grating much like a nutmeg grater. Each half-shell also has a unique spoon shaped apophysis on the inside surface. This serves as a muscle attachment to allow dorsal/ventral movement in addition to anteror/posterior movement (See bottom figure on this page). Several additional points of attachment mark other muscle bundles that facilitate rotational movement. Ciliary currents of water flush out the debris while the shell assembly operates against a rock surface much as a pestil and mortar function to grind hard materials.; The two principal shells leave large gaps over the bivalve’s soft body parts. In the adult, the gaps may later become covered by a number of flexible supplementary plates (protoplax, metaplax, mesoplax, and siphonoplax). The siphonoplax, for example, consists of two half round collars that fully encircle the large siphon of the clam, providing some degree of flexible protection.

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta

Order: Myoida

Superfamily: Pholadacea

Family: Pholadidae

Major Genera

Genus: Barnea
Genus: Chaceia
Genus: Cyrtopleura
Genus: Martesia
Genus: Pholas

Genus: Zirfaea

Aspidopholas tubigera	Barnea alfredensis	Barnea australasiae	Barnea candida	Barnea dilatata	Barnea japonica	Barnea lamellosa	Barnea latissima
Barnea manilensis	Barnea manilensis elongata	Barnea obturamentum	Barnea parva	Barnea similis	Barnea subtruncata	Barnea truncata	Cyrtopleura costata
Cyrtopleura crucigera	Cyrtopleura lanceolata	Diplothyra smithii	Jouannetia cumingii	Jouannetia duchassaingi	Jouannetia globulosa	Jouannetia pectinata	Jouannetia quillingi
Martesia affinis	Martesia cuneiformis	Martesia fragilis	Martesia striata	Netastoma darwinii	Nipponopholas satoi	Parapholas californica	Parapholas calva
Parapholas quadrizonata	Penitella conradi	Penitella gabbii	Penitella kamakurensis	Penitella penita	Penitella turnerae	Pholadidea acherontea	Pholadidea esmeraldensis
Pholadidea loscombiana	Pholadidea melanura	Pholadidea quadra	Pholadidea spathulata	Pholadidea tubifera	Pholas campechiensis	Pholas chiloensis	Pholas dactylus

Pectinidae – Scallops

Description This large and diverse group of bivalves has a single, fused adductor muscle, and a hinge bearing a socket-like arrangement. The foot is greatly reduced and no siphons have developed along the mantle edge. All scallops possess well developed but tiny eyes set along the edge of the fleshy mantle (See link at right, below; Giant Rock Scallop). Scallops respond instantly to changes in light intensity or nearby moving objects.: Some species of scallops are renowned for their ability to swim. A scallop swims by clapping its valves to ingest water. When the valves close, it then propels water at great force near the hinge, by means of the velum. The velum is a curtain-like fold of the mantle that is used to direct the flow of expelled water around the hinge, much like a pair of movable jets, or lips. Normal swimming is in the direction of the valve opening, but the scallop can sharply change direction with its velum.; Species in the genus Chlamys are sedentary and live attached by a byssus under rocks in intertidal areas. Scallops are found in all seas, from shallow water to great depths.

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Heterodonta

Order: Pterioida

Superfamily: Pectinacea

Family: Pectinidae

Major Genera

Genus: Aequipecten
Genus: Amusium
Genus: Argopecten
Genus: Chlamys
Genus: Cyclopecten
Genus: Cryptopecten
Genus: Delectopecten
Genus: Hinnites
Genus: Leptopecten
Genus: Lyropecten
Genus: Patinopecten
Genus: Pecten
Genus: Placopecten
Genus: Propeamussium

Genus: Pseudamussium

Image result for scallops

Related image Image result for pectinidae

Related image

Adamussium colbecki	Aequipecten commutatus	Aequipecten flabellum	Aequipecten glyptus	Aequipecten heliacus	Aequipecten lineolaris	Aequipecten opercularis	Aequipecten tehuelchus
Amusium japonicum	Amusium pleuronectes	Anguipecten gregoryi	Anguipecten lamberti	Anguipecten pacificus	Anguipecten picturatus	Anguipecten simoneae	Anguipecten superbus
Annachlamys flabellatus	Annachlamys iredalei	Annachlamys kuhnholtzi	Annachlamys reevei	Annachlamys striatula	Antillipecten antillarum	Argopecten gibbus	Argopecten irradians
Argopecten noronhensis	Argopecten nucleus	Argopecten purpuratus	Argopecten ventricosus	Austrochlamys natans	Azumapecten farreri	Azumapecten ruschenbergerii	Bractechlamys adorabilis
Bractechlamys corallinoides	Bractechlamys langfordi	Bractechlamys nodulifera	Bractechlamys oweni	Bractechlamys vexillum	Caribachlamys mildredae	Caribachlamys ornatus	Caribachlamys pellucens
Caribachlamys sentis	Chlamys albida	Chlamys amandi	Chlamys behringiana	Chlamys chosenica	Chlamys cytherea	Chlamys hastata	Chlamys islandica
Chlamys rosealbus	Chlamys rubida	Chlamys strategus	Mimachlamys cloacata	Mimachlamys erycina	Complicachlamys wardiana	Coralichlamys madreporarum	Crassadoma gigantea
Cryptopecten bernardi	Cryptopecten bullatus	Cryptopecten nux	Cryptopecten phrygium	Cryptopecten vesiculosus	Decatopecten amiculum	Decatopecten plica	Decatopecten radula
Delectopecten alcocki	Delectopecten fosterianus	Delectopecten macrocheiricola	Delectopecten musorstomi	Delectopecten polyleptus	Delectopecten vancouverensis	Delectopecten vitreus	Delectopecten zacae
Dentamussium obliteratum	Equichlamys bifrons	Euvola chazaliei	Euvola galapagensis	Euvola laurenti	Euvola marensis	Euvola papyracea	Euvola perula

Ostreidae – Oysters

Description

The Ostreidae, or true oysters, are the food oysters of commerce world-wide. While all oysters are capable of secreting the nacre that forms pearls, those of the Ostreidae family are inconsequential (gemstone pearls are commercially harvested from oysters of the more distantly related Pteriidae family).

Despite obvious shell differences, oysters and scallops (Pectinidae) are related in that both molluscs have a central adductor muscle with the characteristic central shell scar. In the Ostreidae, the central adductor muscle is much larger and not bounded by ridges. Radial ribbing if present subdivides and is more irregular, as is also the shell shape, which beomes distorted by cementation to other objects. If present, denticles or teeth along the shell margin are characteristic of individual species. The remarkable Cock’s Comb oyster is typically heavily encrusted by sponges, as shown in the live photos, at right below.

Reproductive behavior in the oyster is remarkable in that both oviparous (egg bearing) and larviparous (larvae bearing) species are found. The larviparous species, of which Ostreia edulisis typical, show a life history of alternating sex changes in the same individual, whereas the oviparous species, e.g., O. virginica, or O. gigas, are essentially hermaphroditic and may produce either predominantly male or predominantly female gametes depending on environmental temperature and nutrient availability (Morton, 1960).

Classification

Class: Bivalvia

Subclass: Pteriomorphia

Order: Ostreina

Superfamily: Ostreacea

Family: Ostreidae

Major Genera

Genus: Crassostrea
Genus: Hyotissa
Genus: Lopha
Genus: Ostrea
Genus: Saccostrea

Alectryonella plicatula	Ambigostrea pseudovillei	Booneostrea subucula	Crassostrea angulata	Crassostrea belcheri	Crassostrea columbiensis	Crassostrea dactylena	Crassostrea gigas
Crassostrea mangle	Crassostrea nippona	Crassostrea praia	Crassostrea rhizophorae	Crassostrea rivularis	Crassostrea titan	Crassostrea virginica	Cryptostrea permollis
Cubitostrea plicata radiosa	Curvostrea rouvillei	Dendostrea cristata	Dendostrea folium	Dendostrea frons	Dendostrea rosacea	Dendostrea sandvichensis	Gigantostrea gigantica
Lopha cristagalli	Lopha imbricata	Lopha syphax	Nanostrea fluctigera	Nicaisolopha tridacnaeformis	Ostrea algoensis	Ostrea angasi	Ostrea atherstonei
Ostrea chilensis	Ostrea chilensis lutaria	Ostrea chilensis charlottae	Ostrea conchaphila	Ostrea denselamellosa	Ostrea edulis	Ostrea edulis lamellosa	Ostrea equestris
Ostrea leveretti	Ostrea puelchana	Ostrea stentina	Ostrea stentina capsa	Peilinia quadriplicata	Planostrea pestigris	Rastellum carinatum	Saccostrea circumsuta
Saccostrea cucullata	Saccostrea glomerata	Saccostrea glomerata commercialis	Saccostrea palmula	Saccostrea scyphophilla	Striostrea circumpicta	Striostrea margaritacea	Striostrea paucichomata