Morus alba L.

Accepted

Morus alba L.

Morus alba

/c5e77246-b705-4240-a8ec-88a9e5d9c8ca/680.JPG

/193f62ab-b0de-41b8-8ad1-f53a4f958a6c/461.JPG

/193f62ab-b0de-41b8-8ad1-f53a4f958a6c/93.JPG

🗒 Synonyms

synonym	Morus acidosa Griff.
synonym	Morus alba f. nigrobacca Moldenke
synonym	Morus alba f. tatarica (L.) Ser.
synonym	Morus alba var. atropurpurea (Roxb.) Bur.
synonym	Morus arabica Koidz.
synonym	Morus atropurpurea Roxb.
synonym	Morus bullata Balb. ex Loud.
synonym	Morus byzantina Sieber ex Steud.
synonym	Morus chinensis Lodd.
synonym	Morus colombassa Hort. ex Dippel
synonym	Morus constantinopolitana Hort. ex Poir.
synonym	Morus cucullata Bonaf.
synonym	Morus dulcis Royle
synonym	Morus fastigiata Hort. ex Dippel
synonym	Morus furcata Hort. ex Steud.
synonym	Morus guzziola Hort. ex Steud.
synonym	Morus heterophylla Loud.
synonym	Morus hispanica Hort. ex Loud.
synonym	Morus intermedia Perr.
synonym	Morus italica Poir. ex Lam.
synonym	Morus japonica Audib. ex Ser.
synonym	Morus kaki Hort. ex Lavallee
synonym	Morus laciniata Audib. ex Loisel.
synonym	Morus latifolia Hort. ex Spach
synonym	Morus levasseurei Hort. ex Lavallee
synonym	Morus lhou Koidz.
synonym	Morus lucida Hort. ex Loud.
synonym	Morus macrophylla Hort. ex Steud.
synonym	Morus mariettii Hort. ex Steud.
synonym	Morus membranacea Hort. ex Steud.
synonym	Morus moretti Audib. ex Bur.
synonym	Morus morettiana Lodd.
synonym	Morus nana Audib. ex Loisel.
synonym	Morus nervosa Hort.
synonym	Morus nigriformis Koidz.
synonym	Morus patavia Audib. ex Dippel
synonym	Morus patavina Hort. ex Spach.
synonym	Morus pumila Balb.
synonym	Morus romana Lodd. ex Spach
synonym	Morus rubra Lour.
synonym	Morus serotina Mart. ex Bur.
synonym	Morus serrata Wall.
synonym	Morus sinensis Hort. ex Loud.
synonym	Morus stylosa Ser.
synonym	Morus subalba Hort. ex Steud.
synonym	Morus tatarica L.
synonym	Morus tokwa Hort. ex C. Koch
synonym	Morus tortuosa Audib. ex Moretti
synonym	Morus venassaini Hort. ex Steud.
synonym	Morus venosa Del. ex Spach

🗒 Common Names

Assamese	Kiskuri Misturi-goch Nuni
Eng	Mulberry
English	Mulberry Silkworm mulberry White mulberry
Hindi	Chinni Shatooth Tutri शहतूत Shahtoot
Kannada	Resh-may-gida
Malayalam	Mulbari Pattunoolpuzhuchedi
Manipuri	Kabrangchak angouba কব্রঙচাক অঙৌবা Kabrangchak Angouba
Other	Kamblichedi Kiskuri Mulbari Musukotta Russian Mulberry Shahtut Silkworm Mulberry White Mulberry
Sanskrit	Tula
Tamil	Kamblichedi கம்பிளிச Kambli Chedi

📚 Overview

Overview

Summary

Economically important plant species.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Brief

Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Shrub Distribution notes: Exotic

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Diagnostic

Diagnostic Keys

Description

A deciduous, 8-15 m or rarely up to 20 m tall tree with a dense, compact leafy crown. Trunk with dark grey-brown, rough, vertically fissured bark, tender twigs hairy to glabrescent. Leaves with a crisped hairy, filiform,1-3 (-3.5) cm long petiole. Lamina narrow to broad, ovate, 3-costate from truncate to shallowly cordate base, upper surface glabrous, midrib and principal wins pubescent, secondary veins and ultimate veinlets glabrous, margin regularly serrate or crenate-serrate or irregularly 2-serrate, apex obtuse, acute or shortly acuminate; stipules lanceolate, brownish membranous and hairy. Male catkins 10-20 (-30) mm long including slender, hairy peduncle, with lax flowers. Male flowers: Sepals free, broadly ovate, c. 2.5 mm long, cucullate, obtuse, glabrous to hairy; staminal filaments equal to sepals, with ovate, exserted anthers. Female catkins ovoid, (2) 5-10 (-12) mm long, with out equally long or slightly longer peduncle. Female flowers: Sepals suborbicular, c. as long as or slightly larger than of male flowers, glabrous or ciliate on margins; ovary with glabrous free styles. Sorosis ovoid, 5-8 mm across, white to pinkish-purple or black, sweet and edible.

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Habit: Tree

G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram

Attributions	G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Contributors	G Renu Sanjana Julias Thilakar D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

SubSpecies Varieties Races

Diagnostic Keys

Description

No Data

📚 Nomenclature and Classification

Nomenclature and Classification

Taxon Record Name

References

Sp. Pl. 2: 986. 1753

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Type Information

No Data

📚 Natural History

Natural History

Life Cycle

Flowering: March-April. Fruiting: June-August (Summer Season)

Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236

Attributions	Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Cyclicity

Flowering and fruiting: Throughout the year

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Flowering/Fruiting: April-August.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Reproduction

These trees are monoecious, i.e., male and female flowers occur separately in the same tree. Anemophilous pollination. Tree starts fruiting after 1-2 years.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Migration

Dispersal

Seeds are passed through the alimentary canals of birds and other animals that feed on the fruits.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

A moderate sized deciduous tree which can reach up to a height of about 20m. Sometimes grows as a shrub. The leaves are ovate, caudate-acuminate, lobed, membranous and pubescent when young. Flowers appear with young leaves. The flowers are single-sex catkins; male catkins are 2-3.5 cm long and female catkins are 1-2 cm long. Male and female flowers are usually on separate trees although they may occur on the same tree. The fruits are about 2-3 cm long, ovoid or sub-globose, greenish-yellow when young, red at maturity and ultimately black when ripe

Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236

Attributions	Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Shrub or small tree about 10-12 m tall. Bark gray. Leaves ovate or ovate-cordate, 5-15 x 3-8 cm long, base cordate to rounded, margin often lobed toothed or irregularly lobed, apex acuminate, obtuse or acute, membranous, lateral veins 3-8 on either side of midvein, petiole 2-6 cm, stipules lanceolate. Male inflorescence catkin pendulous on axils of the leaves on short penduncles, white hairy or yellowish. Male flowers calyx lobes broadly elliptic, filaments inflexed in bud, dilocular anthers, reniform to globose. Female flowers sessile, calyx lobes ovoid, style absent, stigmas mastoid like. Sorosis fruit greenish white, reddish and blackish purple when mature.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Susceptible to insect pests, borers and bug infestations.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Miscellaneous Details

Notes: Cultivated, Native of Saharo-Sindian Region

G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram

Attributions	G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Contributors	G Renu D. Narasimhan Sanjana Julias Thilakar
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

No Data

📚 Habitat and Distribution

Habitat and Distribution

General Habitat

Cultivated

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Cultivated/ Forested areas

Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.

Attributions	Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Deciduous forests and cultivated.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Distribution

Description

Global Distribution

Afghanistan and North West Asia

Indian distribution

State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Global Distribution

India: Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan

Local Distribution

Throughout Assam

Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.

Attributions	Dr. Chandra Barooah & Iftikher Ahmed (2014) Assam Science Technology and Environment Council.
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Maharashtra: Dhule, Kolhapur, Pune, Satara, Thane Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga Kerala: All districts Tamil Nadu: All districts

G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram

Attributions	G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Contributors	Sanjana Julias Thilakar G Renu D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Global Distribution:

Asia: Bhutan, China, Japan, India, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal; Oceanic Islands; Africa; Australasia; North America: United States of America; South America.

Local Distribution:

Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Endemic Distribution

No Data

📚 Occurrence

Occurrence

No Data

📚 Demography and Conservation

Demography and Conservation

Not evaluated by the IUCN Redlist.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Threats

Legislation

Protection Legal Status

No Data

📚 Uses and Management

Uses and Management

Uses

System of Medicines Used In

Ayurveda

Folk medicine

Siddha

Unani

Traditional chinese medicine

Medicinal

Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi

Attributions	Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors	D. Narasimhan
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

System Of Medicines Used In

Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Unani, Siddha, Traditional chinese medicine

FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1467

Attributions	FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1467
Contributors	FRLHT-ENVIS
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

The ripe fruits are eaten fresh. One of the primary uses of the plant is for rearing silkworms

Nutritional Value

Per 100 gms, the fruit contain water 87.5 gm; total fat 0.49gm; carbohydrate 8.3 gm; protein 1.5 gm; dietary fibres 1.4 gm; sugar 19 gm; sodium 2mg; potassium 448mg; calcium 80 mg; phosphorus 40 mg; iron 1.9 mg; vitamin A 174 mg; thiamine 9mg; riboflavin 184 mg; nicotinic acid 0.8 mg & ascorbic acid 13 mg

Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236

Attributions	Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Leaves are used extensively for feeding silkworms. Leaves are diaphoretic, roots anthelmintic, bark purgative and vermifuge, Fruits used as medicine for sore throat, dyspepsia and melancholia.

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Folklore

The root bark of the plant is used in traditional medicine for curing dental caries. It is also considered to have some anti-venom properties. It is also reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-helmintic properties

Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236

Attributions	Komor, P. & Devi, O.S. 2016. Edible bioresources & livelihoods. Assam State Biodiversity Board, Guwahati. pp. 236
Contributors	admin
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY
References

Management

No Data

📚 Information Listing

Information Listing

Species Resources

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=19066

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)

Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)

http://eol.org/pages/594885/overview

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)

National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=3498

Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. | Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.

Attributions	Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. \| Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India.
Contributors	Kailash B R
Status	UNDER_CREATION
Licenses	CC_BY_NC_SA
References

References

D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1467

The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/. URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2501381
Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012.
The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Morus+alba+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
Hooker, J. D., (1888): Flora of British India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Vol. 5: 492.
Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/21300010
Yoganarasimhan, S. N. (2000): Medicinal Plants of India. Printed by V. Srinivasan and N. Kosal Ram of Cyber Media, Bangalore. Vol. 2: 364.
Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 14 February 2013.
Saldanha, C. J. & Nicolson, D. H. (1976): Flora of Hassan district. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. 122.
Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=593700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dMorus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith
9. Yoganarasimhan, S. N. (2000): Medicinal Plants of India. Printed by V. Srinivasan and N. Kosal Ram of Cyber Media, Bangalore. Vol. 2: 364.
10. Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012.
8. Saldanha, C. J. & Nicolson, D. H. (1976): Flora of Hassan district. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. 122.
1. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/21300010
4. Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=593700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dMorus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith
5. Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
6. Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
2. The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Morus+alba+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
7. Hooker, J. D., (1888): Flora of British India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Vol. 5: 492.
11. IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 14 February 2013.
3. The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/. URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2501381

Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987

Morus alba L., Sp. Pl. 987. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 492. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1370(958). 1928; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 381. 1984; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 667. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 777. 2009.

Information Listing > References

D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1467
The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/. URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2501381
Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012.
The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Morus+alba+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
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8. Saldanha, C. J. & Nicolson, D. H. (1976): Flora of Hassan district. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. 122.
1. Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/21300010
4. Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/linnaean-typification/database/detail.dsml?ID=593700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dMorus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith
5. Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
6. Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
2. The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Morus+alba+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
7. Hooker, J. D., (1888): Flora of British India. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Vol. 5: 492.
11. IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 14 February 2013.
3. The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/. URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2501381
Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
Morus alba L., Sp. Pl. 987. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 492. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1370(958). 1928; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 381. 1984; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 667. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 777. 2009.