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Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)

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Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
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/Chanos chanos/Chcha_u1.jpg
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/Chanos chanos/Chcha_u0.gif
🗒 Synonyms
synonymButirinus argenteus Jerdon, 1849
synonymButirinus maderaspatensis Jerdon, 1849
synonymChanno chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymChanos arabicus Lacepède, 1803
synonymChanos chloropterus Valenciennes, 1847
synonymChanos cyprinella Valenciennes, 1847
synonymChanos gardineri Regan, 1902
synonymChanos indicus (Van Hasselt, 1823)
synonymChanos lubina Valenciennes, 1847
synonymChanos mento Valenciennes, 1847
synonymChanos mossambicus (Peters, 1852)
synonymChanos nuchalis Valenciennes, 1847
synonymChanos orientalis Valenciennes, 1847
synonymChanos salmoneus (Forster, 1801)
synonymChanos salmonoides (Forster, 1801)
synonymCyprinus pala Cuvier, 1829
synonymCyprinus palah Cuvier, 1829
synonymCyprinus tolo Cuvier, 1829
synonymLeuciscus palah (Cuvier, 1829)
synonymLeuciscus salmoneus (Forster, 1801)
synonymLeuciscus zeylonicus Bennett, 1833
synonymLutodeira chanos (Forsskål, 1775)
synonymLutodeira chloropterus (Valenciennes, 1847)
synonymLutodeira indica Van Hasselt, 1823
synonymLutodeira mossambica Peters, 1852
synonymLutodeira mossambicus Peters, 1852
synonymLutodeira salmonea (Forster, 1801)
synonymLutodira elongata Peters, 1859
synonymMugil chanos Forsskål, 1775
synonymMugil salmoneus Forster, 1801
synonymMugile chani Forsskål, 1775
🗒 Common Names
Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian
  • Mekkunu
English
  • Milkfish
  • Milk-fish
  • White Mullet
Kannada
  • Hoomeenu
  • Hoo-meenu
  • Humeen
  • ಹುಮೇನ್
  • ಹೂಮೇನು
Malayalam
  • Poomeen
  • പൂമീന്
Other
  • Mekkunu
Tamil
  • Palai-meen
  • Pal-kendai
  • Palmeen
  • Thullu
  • Tulu-candul
  • துலு
  • துலு கண்டல்
  • துலு காந்துள்
  • துள்ளு
  • பாலை மீன்
  • பால் கெண்டை
  • பால் கென்‍டை
  • பால்மீன்
  • பால் மீன்
  • பாளை மீன்
Telugu
  • Pallabontha
  • Polah-bontah
  • పల్లబొంతా
  • పూమీన్
  • పూలా బొంతా
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Freshwater, Brackish, Marine, Fishery, Commercial
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
Contributors 
Thomas Vattakaven
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY_NC
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Dorsal spines (total): 2; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 17; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 8 - 10; Vertebrae: 46
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    Description
    Body elongate and somewhat compressed; mouth small and toothless; branchiostegal rays 4; one dorsal fin; pectoral fins falcate; body olive green; flanks silvery; fins dark bordered . Superficially resembles bonefishes but by evolution more advanced by having 4 branchiostegal rays . Jaws toothless .
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    No Data
    📚 Natural History
    Life Cycle
    Spawns in clear shallow waters above a bottom of sand or coral and at a distance of not more than 30 km from the shore. Females spawn up to 5 million eggs which hatch in about 24 hr. The larvae seek out clear coastal and estuarine waters warmer than 23°C with 10-32 salinity and abundant phytoplankton. Spawning and fertilization take place at night.
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    Migration
    Catadromous. Migrating from freshwater to the sea to spawn, e.g., European eels. Subdivision of diadromous. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p.
    Size
    Maturity

    111 TL 

    Max Length

    180 TL (unsexed) 

    Size

    180 cm SL (male/unsexed; ); 124 cm SL (female); max. published weight: 14.0 kg ; max. reported age: 15 years

    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fish. 39(1):23-41. Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fish. 39(1):23-41.
    Trophic Strategy
    Feeds on algae as well as on zooplankton and benthic invertebrates .Temperature is the prime factor responsible for limiting the habitat of the species to tropical and subtropical regions of the Indian and the Pacific Ocean. Also, susceptibility to predation limits the distribution of the species.
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    Diseases
    Acanthocephalus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Alitropus Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Ambiphyra Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Anchor worm Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Caligus Infestation 12. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Caligus Infestation 3. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Caligus Infestation 4. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Cavisoma Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Ceratomyxa Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Cryptobia Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; False Fungal Infection (Apiosoma sp.). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ; Posthodiplostomum Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc. )
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. $
    2. Koesharyani, I., D. Roza, K. Mahardika, F. Johnny, Zafran and K. Yuasa 2001 Manual for fish disease diagnosis: Marine fish and crustacean in Indonesia. Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Central Research Institute for Fisheries, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Indonesia. 57 p. $
    No Data
    📚 Habitat and Distribution
    General Habitat
    Habitat benthopelagic; catadromous ; freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. Shao, K.-T. and P.L. Lim 1991 Fishes of freshwater and estuary. Encyclopedia of field guide in Taiwan. Recreation Press, Co., Ltd., Taipei. vol. 31. 240 p. (in Chinese).
    Description
    Remark

    Occurs in Cauvery River, Karnataka

    Occurrence

    native 

    Distribution

    Indo-Pacific: along continental shelves and around islands, where temperatures are greater than 20°C. Red Sea and South Africa to Hawaii and the Marquesas, north to Japan, south to Victoria, Australia. Eastern Pacific: San Pedro, California to the Galapagos.

    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fish. 39(1):23-41.
    No Data
    📚 Occurrence
    No Data
    📚 Demography and Conservation
    Conservation Status
    Not Evaluated IUCN 2006
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
    No Data
    📚 Uses and Management
    Uses
    fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; bait: usually; price category: not marketed/unknown; price reliability:
    Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Attributions Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=80, version (12/2013).
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY_NC
    References 
    1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. van der Elst, R. 1993 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.) Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p.
    No Data
    📚 Information Listing
    References
    Overview > Diagnostic > Diagnostic Keys
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    Overview > Diagnostic > Description
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskål), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    Natural History > Life Cycle
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    Natural History > Migration
    1. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p.
    Natural History > Size
    1. Lieske, E. and R. Myers 1994 Collins Pocket Guide. Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers, 400 p. Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fish. 39(1):23-41. Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fish. 39(1):23-41.
    Natural History > Trophic Strategy
    1. Schuster, W.H. 1960 Synopsis of biological data on milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal), 1775. FAO Fish. Biol. Synop. (4):pag. var.
    Natural History > Diseases
    1. Arthur, J.R. and S. Lumanlan-Mayo 1997 Checklist of the parasites of fishes of the Philippines. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. 369, 102 p. FAO, Rome. $
    2. Koesharyani, I., D. Roza, K. Mahardika, F. Johnny, Zafran and K. Yuasa 2001 Manual for fish disease diagnosis: Marine fish and crustacean in Indonesia. Gondol Research Station for Coastal Fisheries, Central Research Institute for Fisheries, Agency for Agricultural Research and Development and Japan International Cooperation Agency, Indonesia. 57 p. $
    Habitat and Distribution > General Habitat
    1. Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. Shao, K.-T. and P.L. Lim 1991 Fishes of freshwater and estuary. Encyclopedia of field guide in Taiwan. Recreation Press, Co., Ltd., Taipei. vol. 31. 240 p. (in Chinese).
    Habitat and Distribution > Distribution > Description
    1. Bagarinao, T. 1994 Systematics, distribution, genetics and life history of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Environ. Biol. Fish. 39(1):23-41.
    Demography and Conservation > Conservation Status
    1. 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
    Uses and Management > Uses
    1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. Garibaldi, L. 1996 List of animal species used in aquaculture. FAO Fish. Circ. 914. 38 p. van der Elst, R. 1993 A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.) Struik Publishers, Cape Town. 398 p.

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    No Data
    📚 Meta data
    No Data
    🐾 Taxonomy
    RootRoot
    KingdomAnimalia
    PhylumChordata
    ClassActinopterygii
    OrderGonorynchiformes
    FamilyChanidae
    GenusChanos
    SpeciesChanos chanos (Forsskål 1775)
    📊 Temporal Distribution
    📷 Related Observations
    👥 Groups
    India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
    Vembanad Fish CountVembanad Fish Count
    Vembanad Wetland Conservation ProgramVembanad Wetland Conservation Program
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