Marine
Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788)
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Albacora alalonga (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
synonym | Germo alalonga (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
synonym | Germo alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
synonym | Germo germo (Lacepède, 1801) |
synonym | Germo germon (Lacépède, 1800) |
synonym | Germo germon steadi Whitley, 1933 |
synonym | Orcynus alalonga (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
synonym | Orcynus alatunga (Gmelin, 1789) |
synonym | Orcynus germo (Lacepède, 1801) |
synonym | Orcynus germon (Lacépède, 1800) |
synonym | Orcynus pacificus Cooper, 1863 |
synonym | Scomber alalunga Bonnaterre, 1788 |
synonym | Scomber alatunga Gmelin, 1789 |
synonym | Scomber albicans Walbaum, 1792 |
synonym | Scomber germo Bennett, 1840 |
synonym | Scomber germon Lacepède, 1800 |
synonym | Thunnus alalonga (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
synonym | Thunnus germo (Lacepède, 1801) |
synonym | Thunnus pacificus (Cuvier, 1832) |
synonym | Thynnus alalonga (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
synonym | Thynnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788) |
synonym | Thynnus pacificus Cuvier, 1832 |
🗒 Common Names
English |
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📚 Overview
Brief
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
Diagnostic Keys
Dorsal spines (total): 11 - 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 16; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 11 - 16
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Description
Anterior spines much higher than posterior spines giving the fin a strongly concave outline. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body with very small scales. Pectoral fins remarkably long, about 30% of fork length or longer in 50 cm or longer fish. Ventral surface of liver striated and the central lobe is largest.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Life Cycle
The sex ratio in catches is about 1:1 for immature individuals, but males predominate among mature fishes, which is possibly due to both differential mortality of sexes and differential growth rate after maturity.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Migration
Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Size
Max Length
140 FL (unsexed)
Size
140 cm FL (male/unsexed; ); max. published weight: 60.3 kg ; max. reported age: 9 years
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Trophic Strategy
Larger individuals are associated with cooler water bodies, while smaller individuals occur in warmer strata in the Atlantic. Albacore tend to concentrate along thermal discontinuities such as the Transition Zone in the north Pacific and the Kuroshio Front east of Japan because of richer forage organisms but poorer in oxygen content. Albacore migrate within water masses rather than across temperature and oxygen boundaries. Minimum oxygen requirements are probably about 2 ml/l. At least two stocks (northern and southern) are believed to exist in both the Atlantic and the Pacific. Feed during the day and at night (diurnal and nocturnal). The migration pattern of albacore in the south Pacific Ocean has recently been described . Juveniles move from the tropics into temperate waters and then eastwards along the subtropical convergence zone. At maturity, albacore return to the tropics but go back to temperate waters after spawning . In Australian waters, larvae are present on the North West shelf all summer, but are present off north-eastern Australia mainly between October and December . Juveniles are found off New South Wales from September to November, and during summer they follow the warmer waters of the East Australian Current southwards . Albacore may reach eastern Tasmanian waters by December, where they remain until about April . As autumn approaches and warm waters recede, the juveniles move northwards and are present again off New South Wales until May . Adult albacore travel in independent, small groups , and are common throughout much of the species"quot; range . Also Ref. 26132.
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Diseases
Anisakis Disease (juvenile). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) Mun;
Areotestis Infection. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Ascaridatosis (adult and juvenile). Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Bolbosoma Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Brachiella Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Caligus Infestation 17. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Caligus Infestation 18. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Caligus Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Capsala Infestation 1. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Coeliotrema Infestation. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Contracaecum Disease. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.) ;
Didymocystis Infestation 7. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc. )
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Marine
Habitat pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous ; marine; depth range 0 - 600 m
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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Description
Occurrence
native
Distribution
Cosmopolitan in tropical and temperate waters of all oceans including the Mediterranean Sea but not at the surface between 10°N and 10°S. Western Pacific: range extend in a broad band between 40°N and 40°S . Often confused with juvenile Thunnus obesus which also have very long pectorals but with rounded tips. Highly migratory species, Annex I of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea .
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
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No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Category
Near Threatened
Data deficient (DD) IUCN 2006
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
|
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
fisheries: highly commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: high; price reliability: reliable: based on ex-vessel price for this species
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013).
Attributions | Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2013. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication.; http://www.fishbase.org/Country/CountrySpeciesSummary.php?c_code=356&id=142, version (12/2013). |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC |
References |
|
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
Overview > Diagnostic > Diagnostic Keys
- Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
Overview > Diagnostic > Description
- Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
Natural History > Life Cycle
- Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
Natural History > Migration
- Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p.
Natural History > Size
- Torres, F.S.B., Jr. 1991 Tabular data on marine fishes from Southern Africa, Part II: Growth parameters. Fishbyte 9(2):37-38. IGFA 2001 Database of IGFA angling records until 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, USA. Altman, P.L. and D.S. Dittmer 1962 Growth, including reproduction and morphological development. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
Natural History > Trophic Strategy
- Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
Natural History > Diseases
- Munday, Y. SaWada, B. L. , T. Cribb and C. J. Hayward 2003 Diseases of tunas, Thunnus spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206.
- Day, B.L., Y. Sawada, T. Cribb and C.J. Hayward 2003 of tunas, Thunnus spp. J. Fish Dis. 26:187-206. $
Habitat and Distribution > General Habitat
- Riede, K. 2004 Global register of migratory species - from global to regional scales. Final Report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Bonn, Germany. 329 p. Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
Habitat and Distribution > Distribution > Description
- Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen 1983 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
Demography and Conservation > Conservation Status
- 2006 IUCN red list of threatened species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded July 2006.
Uses and Management > Uses
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1992 FAO yearbook 1990. Fishery statistics. Catches and landings. FAO Fish. Ser. (38). FAO Stat. Ser. 70:(105):647 p. International Game Fish Association 1991 World record game fishes. International Game Fish Association, FlorIda, USA.
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Animalia |
Phylum | Chordata |
Class | Actinopterygii |
Order | Perciformes |
Family | Scombridae |
Genus | Thunnus |
Species | Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre 1788) |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups