Malva species are annual, biennial or perennial herbs or undershrubs. Stems erect or procumbent, branches pubescent or glabrous. Leaves alternate, simple, 3-7 palmately lobed or parted, suborbicular to reniform, base truncate to cordate, margins crenate-dentate or entire, apex acute to acuminate, petiolate, stipules linear lanceolate-ovate, persistent or caducous. Inflorescence usually axillary solitary or fascicled, rarely terminal racemes. Flowers bisexual, pedicel slender, involucellar bractlets 3, distinct, persistent, epicalyx 3, base connate or free, calyx 5 lobed, cupular, lobes deltoid, apex acute, usually accrescent or spreading in fruit, persistent, corolla showy and large, yellow, white, red, orange, purple, red, blue and dark colored at the base, apex notched to emarginate. Staminal column, base wide, filaments, anthers basifixed, in the upper half. Ovary 10-15 carpellate, arranged in ring around central axis, ovules 1 per locule, style usually equal to number of carpels, stigmas on adaxial surface or styles. Fruit indehiscent, schizocarp in persistent calyx, oblate or discoid and depressed in centre, mericarps 9-15, reniform, veined prominently dorsally and laterally, pubescent or glabrous, Seed 1 in each mericarp, reniform, smooth, glabrous or hairy.
Malva sylvestris L.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Althaea godronii Alef. |
synonym | Althaea mauritiana Alef. |
synonym | Malva acutiloba C. Koch |
synonym | Malva albiflora C.Presl |
synonym | Malva ambigua Guss. |
synonym | Malva ciliata Wall. |
synonym | Malva elata Salisb. |
synonym | Malva equina Wallr. |
synonym | Malva erecta C. Presl |
synonym | Malva glabra Desr. |
synonym | Malva grossheimii Iljin |
synonym | Malva hirsuta C. Presl |
synonym | Malva lucida Lindl. |
synonym | Malva major Garsault |
synonym | Malva mauritanica Spreng. |
synonym | Malva obtusa Moench |
synonym | Malva plebeja Stev. |
synonym | Malva polymorpha Guss. |
synonym | Malva racemosa C.Presl |
synonym | Malva recta Opiz |
synonym | Malva rotundifolia Cav. |
synonym | Malva ruderalis Salisb. |
synonym | Malva silvestris Lus. nivea S. Priszter |
synonym | Malva sylvestris L. var. eriocarpa Boiss. |
synonym | Malva sylvestris subsp. ambigua (Guss.) P. Fourn. |
synonym | Malva sylvestris subsp. erecta (C. Presl) Slavik |
synonym | Malva sylvestris subsp. vivianiana (Rouy) P. Fourn. |
synonym | Malva tomentella C.Presl |
synonym | Malva veneta Hort. ex DC. |
synonym | Malva vulgaris S. F. Gray |
🗒 Common Names
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Habit: Erect Herb
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Sp. Pl. 2: 689. 1753
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Cyclicity
Flowering & Fruiting: August-March
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Reproduction
Malva species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. Flowering/Fruiting: August—March.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, erect or procumbent, about 0.5-2 m tall. Stems, branches pubescent with simple and stellate hairs when young, later becoming glabrescent. Leaves alternate, simple, 3-7 palmately lobed or parted, suborbicular to reniform, about 2-8 x 1.5-11 cm across, base truncate to cordate, 3-7 veined, margins crenate-dentate, lobes semicircular to oblong, apex acute to obtuse, pubescent on the midrib above, sparsely pubescent beneath, petiole, with a line of stellate hairs above, about 1.5-7 cm long, stipules lanceolate-ovate, caducous, about 4-6 x 2-3 mm across. Inflorescence usually axillary solitary or 2-4 fascicled, rarely terminal racemes. Flowers bisexual, pedicel slender, pubescent with simple and stellate hairs, unequal in length in a fascicle, about 0.5-2.5 cm long, involucellar bractlets 3, distinct, oblong-lanceolate, veined reticulately persistent, epicalyx 3, ovate, margin ciliate with simple hairs, later glabrous, about 3-5 x 1.5-2 mm across, calyx 5 lobed, cupular, lobes deltoid, base connate till middle, margins ciliate with stiff and simple hairs, glabrous at base inside, dense along margins and sometimes at the centre, apex acute, usually accrescent or spreading in fruit, persistent, about 3-7 x 2-4 cm across, corolla showy and large, purple, blue, petals obovate, glabrous, margins with simple hairs, about 1.5-2.5 x 0.5-1 cm across. Staminal column, densely stellate hairy, about 4 mm long, anthers basifixed, in the upper half. Ovary 10-12 carpellate, arranged in ring around central axis, ovules 1 per locule, style 10-12 branched, stigmas 10-12, on adaxial surface or styles. Fruit indehiscent, schizocarp in persistent calyx, oblate or discoid and depressed in centre, about 7 mm across, mericarps 10-12, reniform, veined prominently dorsally and laterally, pubescent or glabrous, Seed 1 in each mericarp, reniform, about 1.5-2 mm across, reticulate, glabrous, brownish black.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Herbs up to 2 m tall; stems erect to decumbent, younger parts pubescent with simple or stellate hairs. Leaves simple, alternate, spiral; stipules ca. 4-6x2-3 mm, ovate, acute, hairy, mostly deciduous; petioles ca. 2-7 cm long, stellate-hairy with a line of simple hairs; lamina ca. 1.5-8x1-11 cm, reniform to suborbicular, 3-7-lobed, lobes semicircular to oblong , cordate at base, obtuse at apex, crenate, glabrous or sparsely simple hairy beneath; secondary nerves 3-7 pairs. Flowers 1-4 in axillary fascicles; pedicels ca. 0.5-2.5 cm, unequal in a fascicle, pubescent with simple and stellate hairs, ultimately glabrous; Epicalyx segments ca. 3-5x1.5-2 mm, ovate, ciliate by simple hairs, glabrous; calyx divided to the middle, lobes ca. 3-7 x 2-4 mm, broadly triangular, acute, densely hirsute outside with stellate and a few simple hairs, ciliate along margins with short, slender and stiff, simple hairs, densely hairy along margins and sometimes in the centre but glabrous at base inside, persistent; corolla dark purple or violet; petals ca. 1.5-2.5 x 0.5-1 cm, obovate, emarginate, glabrous, basal margins tufted with simple hairs; staminal column ca. 4 mm long, densely stellate-hairy, antheriferous towards apex; filaments ca. 2 mm long. Fruit glabrous, ca. 5-6 mm across, discoid; mericarp 10, ca. 2 mm in diam., dorsally reticulate veined, laterally and radially prominently veined, hairy or glabrous. Seeds ca. 1.5-2 mm long, brownish black, reniform, glabrous.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Diseases
Malva species are susceptible to various insect pests, virus and fungi, affecting leaves, fruits and roots.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Western Ghats, Higher elevation, Naturalized, also Cultivated, Native of Eurasia
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Tropical and temperate forests and cultivated, altitude about 600-3000 m.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Maharashtra: Satara
Karnataka: Mysore
Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Nilgiri
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
Asia: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Cyprus, India, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco; Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia.
Local Distribution
Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Global Distribution
India: Assam; Europe, Africa, Asia
Indian Distribution
Throughout Assam
Endemic Distribution
Throughout Assam.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
Unani
System Of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine, Unani
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2469
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2469 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Cultivated in gardens. Flowers, fruits, leaves and stems used in folk medicine, leaves used as vegetable.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India. Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
The leaves and seeds are eaten as a vegetable.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Folklore
Young stems, leaves, flowers and immature fruits are medicinal.
Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference.
Attributions | Ayyappan. N & V. Kokilavani, French Institute of Pondicherry, Compiled from various sources listed in the reference. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957, Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B. D, 1984, Flora of Maharastra State Dicotyledones, Vol I, Lakshminarasimhan P. & Prasanna P. V, 2000
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2469
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://tropicos.org/Name/19600059 #The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=B048A95F9F59F7267A31447BE21D1147?find_wholeName=Malva+sylvestris&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html #The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2504118 #Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/244507bb7ce6a6eeed90a0b66235e189Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=553700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dMalva%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith #Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Flora of North America, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & #Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220008088 #Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. #Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. #Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 243-251. #Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 320. #Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 363. #ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php #Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014. #IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2017. #Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400#Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
- Sharma, B.D., Sanjappa, M. 1993. Flora of India: Vol. III: 363. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
Information Listing > References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957, Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B. D, 1984, Flora of Maharastra State Dicotyledones, Vol I, Lakshminarasimhan P. & Prasanna P. V, 2000
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2469
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://tropicos.org/Name/19600059 #The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=B048A95F9F59F7267A31447BE21D1147?find_wholeName=Malva+sylvestris&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html #The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2504118 #Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/244507bb7ce6a6eeed90a0b66235e189Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=553700&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dMalva%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith #Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Flora of North America, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & #Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220008088 #Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. #Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. #Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 243-251. #Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 320. #Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 3: 363. #ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. (FRLHT) URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php #Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014. #IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 21 January 2017. #Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400#Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
- Sharma, B.D., Sanjappa, M. 1993. Flora of India: Vol. III: 363. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Malvales Juss. |
Family | Malvaceae Juss. |
Genus | Malva L. |
Species | Malva sylvestris L. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups