Silene species are annual, biennial or perennial herbs, stem erect, ascending or climbing, diffusely branched, angular, glabrous or pubescent, rootstock slender. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-obovate, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous or pubescent, petiole short to subsessile. Inflorescence solitary, monochasium, dichasium or thyrse usually in supra axillary or terminal leafy cymes in branches end. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, male sterile flowers present in hermaphroditic plants and male sterile flowers have shorter petal limbs and androgynophores than bisexual flowers, pedicellate, calyx campanulate, tubular, funnel shaped, usually 10 veined, divided into 5 unequal teeth with margins ciliate, membranous, apex subacute, petals 5, free, many colored, base with auriculately clawed, margin entire, apex bifid, quadra-fid or laciniate. Stamens usually 10, filaments filiform, anthers 2-locular, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, unilocular above partially tri-locular at the base, ovules numerous, styles 3 or rarely 5, filiform. Fruit capsule, obovoid-globose, black when ripe, dehiscing with 6 or 10 teeth. Seeds many, reniform, compressed, black.
Silene baccifera (L.) Roth
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Cucubalus baccatus Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. |
synonym | Cucubalus baccifer L. |
synonym | Cucubalus baccifer var. angustifolius L.H. Zhou |
synonym | Cucubalus baccifer var. cavaleriei H. Lév. |
synonym | Cucubalus baccifer var. japonicus (Miq.) H. Ohashi & H. Nakai |
synonym | Cucubalus divaricatus (Clairv.) |
synonym | Cucubalus horizontalis Moench |
synonym | Cucubalus japonicus (Miq.) Worosch. |
synonym | Cucubalus kashmiriensis A.K. Skvortsov & G.M.Proskuryakova |
synonym | Lychnanthos scandens C. C. Gmel. |
synonym | Lychnanthos volubilis S. Gmel. |
synonym | Lychnis baccifera (L.) Scop. |
synonym | Lychnis scandens (C. C. Gmel.) Schur |
synonym | Scribaea baccifera (L.) Schur |
synonym | Scribaea cucubalus Borkh. |
synonym | Scribaea divaricata Gaertn. Mey. & Scherb. |
synonym | Silene baccifera var. japonica (Miq.) H. Ohashi & H. Nakai |
synonym | Silene fissa Salisb. |
synonym | Viscago baccifera (L.) Vest |
🗒 Common Names
Eng |
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Tent. Fl. Germ. 2(1): 491. 1789
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Silene species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary; rarely unisexual. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. Flowering/Fruiting: June-August.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Perennial herbs, about 60-120 cm, stem subscandent or climbing, diffusely branched, angular, shoots pubescent with white hairs, rootstock slender, whitish, fusiform, yellow when cut. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, about 2.5-7 x 1-2.5 cm across, base obtuse, margin entire, apex deeply acute to acuminate, chartaceous, membranous, sparsely pubescent both above and beneath on the midrib and lateral veins, midrib impressed above and faintly prominent beneath, lateral veins 4-6 on either side of the midrib faint, petiole up to 1 cm long near the stem base, becoming shorter towards the apex. Inflorescence solitary, monochasium, dichasium cymes in supra axillary or terminal leafy branches end. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, about 1.8 cm across, male sterile flowers present in hermaphroditic plants and male sterile flowers have shorter petal limbs and androgynophores than bisexual flowers, pedicel about 4-12 mm long, calyx campanulate, tubular, funnel shaped, usually 10 veined, divided into 5 unequal teeth with margins ciliate, membranous, apex subacute, about twice as long as the tube, petals 5, free, white tinged with many colors, base with auriculately clawed, inserted hypogynously at the end of gynophore, deeply bilobed, base of the limb with 2 scales, receptacle about 3 mm long. Stamens usually 10, filaments filiform, anthers 2-locular, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary superior, unilocular above partially tri-locular at the base, ovules numerous, styles 3, filiform, stigma inside. Fruit indehiscent capsule, obovoid-globose, black when ripe, dehiscing with 6 or 10 teeth, irregularly. Seeds many, reniform, about 1.5 mm across, compressed, black.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Silene species are susceptible to various insect pests, viruses, root rots and moulds.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Temperate Himalayas and grassy places near pine forests, altitude 1500-2200 m.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Nepal, Russia; Europe.
Local Distribution
Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur, Sikkim, Uttarakhand.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
Used in medicine.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/details/species/id/48b4fa8704f5d60e79270d740b22aac7/synonym/a8437dada93048eaa174c7dd4bb69ac0
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50075850
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) A© 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242000724
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2485868
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 222.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 525.
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=A675565CB50B79748392B0CD9DF9A52C?find_wholeName=Silene+baccifera&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 124.
- Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=287500&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dCucubalus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 16 December 2015.
- ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php
- Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
Information Listing > References
- Catalogue of Life: 2015 Annual Checklist. URL: http://catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2015/details/species/id/48b4fa8704f5d60e79270d740b22aac7/synonym/a8437dada93048eaa174c7dd4bb69ac0
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/50075850
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) A© 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242000724
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2485868
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 222.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 525.
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=A675565CB50B79748392B0CD9DF9A52C?find_wholeName=Silene+baccifera&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- Saxena, N. B. & Shamindra Saxena (2001) Plant Taxonomy. Reprint by Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh. 124.
- Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. URL: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/search/detail.dsml?ID=287500&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CVarqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CGenusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSpeciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dGenus%252cSpecies%26Speciesqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26Genus%3dCucubalus%26Genusqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26CSspqtype%3dstarts%2bwith
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 16 December 2015.
- ENVIS Centre for Medicinal Plants. URL: http://envis.frlht.org/bot_search.php
- Plant reproductive morphology. (2014, November 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:57, April 9, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400Seed dispersal. (2015, March 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:59, April 9, 2015, from, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927License*:
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Caryophyllales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl |
Family | Caryophyllaceae |
Genus | Silene |
Species | Silene baccifera (L.) Roth |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups