Toniniopsis aromatica (Sm.) Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. Ekman

Taxon, 67: 898, 2018.. Basionym: Lichen aromaticus Sm. in Smith & Sowerby - Engl. Bot., 25: tab. 1777, 1807.
Synonyms: Bacidia sardoa (Körb.) Zahlbr.; Bilimbia acervulata (Nyl.) Jatta; Bilimbia aromatica (Sm.) Jatta; Bilimbia sanguinaria (Bagl.) Jatta; Bilimbia sardoa Körb.; Bilimbia turneri (Leight.) A.L. Sm.; Lecidea acervulata Nyl.; Lecidea aromatica (Sm.) Turner; Lecidea austerula Nyl.; Lecidea geoleuca Nyl.; Lecidea heterophora Nyl.; Lecidea hypsophila Nyl.; Lecidea subaromatica Nyl.; Lecidea turneri Leight.; Toninia acervulata (Nyl.) Kremp.; Toninia affinis Vězda; Toninia aromatica (Sm.) A. Massal.; Toninia aromatica f. virescens Bagl.; Toninia geoleuca (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; Toninia heterophora (Nyl.) Arnold; Toninia hypsophila (Nyl.) Zahlbr.; Toninia meridionalis B. de Lesd.; Toninia pelophila Poelt & Vězda; Toninia sanguinaria Bagl.; Toninia sinensis Zahlbr.; Toninia turneri (Leight.) H. Olivier
Distribution: N - VG (Castello 2002, Martellos & Castello 2004), Frl (TSB 16710), Ven, TAA, Lomb, Piem (Isocrono & al. 2004), Emil (Nimis & al. 1996, Fariselli & al. 2020), Lig (Valcuvia & al. 2000). C - Tosc, Marc, Umb (Genovesi & al. 2002, Ravera & al. 2006, Panfili 2007, Genovesi 2011), Laz (Bartoli 1997b, Bartoli & al. 1998), Sar (Vezda Lich.Rar.Exs. 90, Neuwirth 2018). S - Camp (Ricciardi & al. 2000, Nimis & Tretiach 2004, Garofalo & al. 2010), Pugl (Nimis & Tretiach 1999, Durini & Medagli 2002, 2004, Gianfreda & Matino 2020), Bas, Cal (Puntillo 1996), Si (Nimis & al. 1994, 1996b, Ottonello & Salone 1994, Ottonello & al. 1994, 2011, Ottonello 1996, Ottonello & Romano 1997, Grillo 1998, Caniglia & Grillo 2001, 2005, 2006, Grillo & al. 2001, 2002, Grillo & Caniglia 2004, Merlo 2004b).
Description: Thallus small-squamulose to subcrustose, pale grey to brown-green, often white-spotted, dull, epruinose or completely covered with a white pruina. Squamules up to 4 mm in diam. (usually less), weakly concave to mostly slightly convex, orbicular to irregular, scattered to aggregated; lower surface pale brown. Upper cortex 60-90 μm thick, lacking crystals and epinecral later; algal layer continuous; medulla white, without crystals. Apothecia frequent, lecideine, strongly constricted at base, up to 1.5 mm across, with a black, rarely faintly pruinose, flat, disc and a distinct, smooth proper margin. Proper exciple dark reddish brown, K-, N-; epithecium dark olivaceous green to bright green, K-, N+ violet; hymenium colourless, 70-80 μm high, I+ blue; paraphyses not conglutinated, simple or sparingly branched and anastomosing in upper part, thin-walled, the apical cell distinctly swollen and covered by a gelatinous pigment cap; hypothecium dark reddish brown in lower part, paler in upper part. Asci 8-spored, clavate, surrounded by a gelatinous I+ blue coat, with a well-developed I+ blue tholus, an I+ darker blue tube and a well-developed ocular chamber, Bacidia-type. Ascospores (1-)3-septate, hyaline, bacilliform to ellipsoid-cylindrical, with rounded ends, 11-22.5 x 4-5.5 μm. Pycnidia dark, immersed. Conidia thread-like. Photobiont chlorococcoid. Spot tests: thallus K-, C-, KC-, P-. UV-. Chemistry: thallus without lichen substances.
Note: a holarctic species with a wide latitudinal range, found on horizontal to weakly inclined surfaces of calcareous to basic siliceous substrata, including bricks and roofing tiles in urban areas, often starting the life-cycle on other crustose lichens; the species seems to be most common in Tyrrhenian Italy at low elevations. See also note on T. fusispora.
Growth form: Squamulose
Substrata: rocks, soil, terricolous mosses, and plant debris
Photobiont: green algae other than Trentepohlia
Reproductive strategy: mainly sexual
paras crustose lichens when young

Commonnes-rarity: (info)

Alpine belt: absent
Subalpine belt: absent
Oromediterranean belt: absent
Montane belt: absent
Submediterranean belt: rather common
Padanian area: very rare
Humid submediterranean belt: common
Humid mediterranean belt: rather common
Dry mediterranean belt: rare

pH of the substrata:

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Solar irradiation:

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Aridity:

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Eutrophication:

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Poleotolerance:

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Altitudinal distribution:

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Predictive model
Herbarium samples
Index Fungorum GBIF


P.L. Nimis; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste
Herbarium: TSB (18229)
2001/12/01
habitus



Andrea Moro; Owner: Department of Life Sciences, University of Triedte
Italy, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trieste, Trieste Karst, Rocca di Monrupino
20/02/2017


Manuel Gil
Spain, Canary Islands, Lanzarote



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 18229



P.L. Nimis CC BY-SA 04
TSB 18229


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Textes_T2/Toniniopsis_aromatica.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire


Courtesy Danièle et Olivier Gonnet - Source: https://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Textes_T2/Toniniopsis_aromatica.htm
France, session AFL 2015 dans le Lot, Autoire


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Aber Four à chaux


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Aber Four à chaux


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Aber Four à chaux


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Le Fret


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Le Fret


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Roscanvel


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Bernard Bouffinier - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Landevennec


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Cap Gris-Nez


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Cap Gris-Nez


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Crozon


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Crozon


Jacques Haine - Source: http://www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=120&lang=en
France, Crozon