Fig 1.
Map showing landing locations of Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma surveyed in this study.
San Antonio (blue) and Valdivia (grey) represent off-shore fishing grounds. Puerto Montt (yellow) and Aysén (orange) represent fishing grounds within the Chiloé Interior Sea. Punta Arenas (red) represent an admixture of fishing grounds between oceanic and fjord ecosystems.
Fig 2.
Standardized photographs used to confirm species identification of longnose skates.
Dorsal and ventral views of Zearaja chilensis (female A, B; male C, D). Dorsal and ventral views of Dipturus trachyderma (female E, F; male G, H). Colorimetric scale bar = 25 cm.
Table 1.
Geographic distribution of mtDNA control region haplotypes found in Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma.
Table 2.
Genetic diversity per sampling locality from mtDNA control region and microsatellite loci for Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma.
Fig 3.
Median-joining network of mtCR haplotypes for (A) Zearaja chilensis and (B) Dipturus trachyderma.
Haplotypes are represented by circles with size proportional to frequency in the total sample. All branches correspond to one mutation except where indicated otherwise. Sampling locations: San Antonio (SA, blue), Valdivia (VA, grey), Puerto Montt (PM, yellow), Aysén (AY, orange) and Punta Arenas (PA, red).
Table 3.
Estimates of pair-wise genetic distance (FST) (below diagonal) among locations for mtDNA control region (mtCR) sequences and microsatellites loci for Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma.
FST P-values are indicated above diagonal.
Table 4.
Characterisation of polymorphic microsatellite loci used for Zearaja chilensis (n = 9) and Dipturus trachyderma (n = 7) in this study.
Table 5.
Genetic diversity per locality and microsatellite locus for Zearaja chilensis and Dipturus trachyderma.
Fig 4.
Correlation between genetic and geographic distance, for populations of (A) Zearaja chilensis and (B) Dipturus trachyderma.
Linear adjustment (solid line) and 95% confidence interval (dashed line) are specified. Geographic distance are indicated by paired locations, (a) SA and VA; (b) SA and PM; (c) SA and AY; (d) SA and PA; (e) VA and PM; (f) VA and AY; (g) VA and PA; (h) PM and AY; (i) PM and PA; (j) AY and PA. Sampling locations abbreviations as in Fig 3.
Fig 5.
Scatterplots of the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) from microsatellite genotypes for populations of (A) Zearaja chilensis and (B) Dipturus trachyderma.
Dots represent individuals, whereas coloured ellipses correspond to geographical populations. Sampling locations: San Antonio (SA, blue), Valdivia (VA, grey), Puerto Montt (PM, yellow), Aysén (AY, orange) and Punta Arenas (PA, red).
Fig 6.
Scatterplots of the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) from microsatellites genotypes comparing (A) Zearaja chilensis and (B) Dipturus trachyderma.
Dots represent individuals, whereas coloured ellipses correspond to geographical populations. Sampling locations: San Antonio (SA, blue), Valdivia (VA, grey), Puerto Montt (PM, yellow), Aysén (AY, orange) and Punta Arenas (PA, red).