Fig 1.
Illustration of black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and high-quality nutrient larval biomass.
Fig 2.
Duration of black soldier fly egg eclosion at different temperatures.
Means with different lower-case letters are significantly different (P < 0.05, SNK test).
Fig 3.
Development time of different life stages of black soldier fly fed on two diets at constant temperatures.
The middle quartile or the median (line that divides the box into two parts) marks midpoint of the data. Middle box represents 50% of the scores for each treatment and the middle 50% values fall within the inter-quartile range.
Table 1.
Percentage survival (mean (±SE) of immature life stages of black soldier fly at constant temperatures.
Fig 4.
Boxplots showing adult black soldier fly female and male longevity at constant temperatures.
Middle quartile (line that divides the box into two parts) shows midpoint of the data. Middle box represents 50% of the scores for each treatment and the middle 50% values fall within the inter-quartile range.
Fig 5.
Quadratic model curves describing longevity of adult female and male black soldier flies at constant temperatures.
Quadratic: n(T) = a + bT + cT2; n(T) represents the longevity function at temperature T (°C); a, b and c are empirical parameters of the model.
Fig 6.
Mean number of days before oviposition of egg clutch by female black soldier fly (pre-oviposition period) (A) and mean number of eggs laid per female during her lifespan (B) at constant temperatures.
Fig 7.
Mean wet weight of black soldier life stages reared on two diets at constant temperatures.
Means within the same treatment with the same lowercase letter are not significantly different. Means within the same temperature regime with the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05, SNK).
Fig 8.
Linear model fitted to observed values of development rate of black soldier fly eggs at constant temperatures.
Fig 9.
Linear and non-linear models fitted to observed values of the development rate of black soldier fly life stages at constant temperatures.
Table 2.
Estimates of linear model parameters describing the relationship between temperature and developmental rate of the black soldier fly eggs.
Table 3.
Estimates of model parameters describing the relationship between temperature and developmental rate of black soldier fly life stages on two diets.
Table 4.
Life table parameters of black soldier fly reared on two different diets at constant temperatures.