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Actinobacteria of the Extremobiosphere

  • Reference work entry
Extremophiles Handbook

The Actinobacteria

The class Actinobacteria is one of 27 currently comprising the Domain Bacteria; this chapter is the only one in the Handbook devoted to a single taxonomic group of bacteria, members of which are found in the complete spectrum of extreme environments. Actinobacteria are Gram-positive organisms characterized by having a high mol% G+C ratio, filamentous or nonfilamentous morphologies, and some members that produce spores. Regarded until recently as predominantly components of the soil microbiota, they are known now to have a ubiquitous distribution in the biosphere, including the extremobiosphere.

The class is organized into four subclasses and eight orders (Actinomycetales, Acidimicrobiales, Bifidobacteriales, Coriobacteriales, Rubrobacterales, Nitriliruptorales, Solirubrobacterales, Thermoleophilales) the latter three of which have been described very recently (Sorokin et al. 2009; Reddy and Garcia-Pichel 2009). Reference throughout this chapter to Figs. ...

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Acknowledgments

I am most grateful to several colleagues who sent me research papers prior to their publication; and to Michael Goodfellow, Marcel Jaspars, and Jem Stach for reading an earlier draft of this review and providing me with helpful comments. Wen-Jun Li and Zhi Xiao-Yang (The Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China) very generously prepared the 16S rRNA gene tree of the Actinobacteria that is an updated version of the one contained in Zhi et al. (2009). Preparation of part of this review was made when the author was a Leverhulme Trust Emeritus Fellow.

The literature search for this chapter was completed on November 30, 2009.

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  1. School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT4 6QD, UK

    Prof. Alan T. Bull

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Correspondence to Alan T. Bull .

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  1. Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Yokohama, Professor Emeritus of Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Koki Horikoshi

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Bull, A.T. (2011). Actinobacteria of the Extremobiosphere. In: Horikoshi, K. (eds) Extremophiles Handbook. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53898-1_58

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