Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Seasonal patterns of Patagonian sprat Sprattus fuegensis early life stages in an open sea Sub-Antarctic Marine Protected Area

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polar Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Patagonian sprat Sprattus fuegensis is a species of ecological importance in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. However, information regarding S. fuegensis in the Namuncurá Marine Protected Area–Burdwood Bank (NMPA–BB), an open sea Sub-Antarctic Marine Protected Area located in the Argentinian shelf, is outdated and fragmented. Understanding the dynamics of species inhabiting the NMPA–BB is relevant to establish future adequate management strategies. We assessed the abundance, size, and development of S. fuegensis early life stages during spring, summer, and autumn in order to evaluate their seasonal patterns. Compared to neighboring areas, S. fuegensis was particularly abundant in the NMPA–BB, which can be considered a major spawning and nursery ground. Within the NMPA–BB, abundances tend to be higher at the center, probably as a result of the marine currents. Eggs were only recorded in spring, while larvae were recorded in all seasons sampled, with maximum abundances occurring during spring. Larger larval sizes and more developed stages occurred in summer and autumn. Analysis of otolith microstructure showed that spawning periods take place between October and March, peaking in November. Slow growth rates (maximum of 0.30 mm day−1) and prolonged larval phase would respond to the low temperatures recorded in the NMPA–BB. Additionally, marked monthly differences in otolith growth would suggest a seasonal effect on the developmental patterns of S. fuegensis larvae. Future studies will be necessary to completely understand S. fuegensis development and determine its trophic role in the NMPA–BB.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Modified from Piola and Rivas (1997)

Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acha EM, Pájaro M, Sánchez RP (1999) The reproductive response of clupeoid fishes to different physical scenarios. Three study cases in the Southwest Atlantic. ICES CM 1999/K12

  • Acha EM, Mianzan HW, Guerrero RA, Favero M, Bava J (2004) Marine fronts at the continental shelves of austral South America: physical and ecological processes. J Mar Syst 44:83–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.09.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agnew DJ (2002) Critical aspects of the Falkland Islands pelagic ecosystem: distribution, spawning and migration of pelagic animals in relation to oil exploration. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosyst 12:39–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alemany F, Deudero S, Morales-Nin B, López-Jurado JL, Jansá J, Palmer M, Palomera I (2006) Influence of physical environmental factors on the composition and horizontal distribution of summer larval fish assemblages off Mallorca Island (Balearic Archipelago, western Mediterranean). J Plankton Res 28:473–487. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alshuth S (1988) Daily growth increments on otoliths of laboratory-reared sprat, Sprattus sprattus L., larvae. Meeresforsch 32:23–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakun A (2006) Wasp–waist populations and marine ecosystem dynamics: navigating the “predator pit” topographies. Prog Oceanogr 68:271–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumann H, Peck MA, Herrmann J-P (2005) Short-term decoupling of otolith and somatic growth induced by food level changes in postlarval Baltic sprat, Sprattus sprattus. Mar Freshw Res 56:539–547. https://doi.org/10.1071/mf04140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumann H, Gröhsler T, Kornilovs G, Makarchouk A, Feldmann V, Temming A (2006) Temperature-induced regional and temporal growth differences in Baltic young-of-the-year sprat Sprattus sprattus. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 317:225–236. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps317225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumann H, Peck MA, Götze HE, Temming A (2007) Starving early juvenile sprat Sprattus sprattus (L.) in western Baltic coastal waters: evidence from combined field and laboratory observations in August and September 2003. J Fish Biol 70:853–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01346.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belleggia M, Figueroa DE, Irusta G, Bremec C (2014) Spatio-temporal and ontogenetic changes in the diet of the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 94:1701–1710. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414000629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellisio NB, López RB, Torno A (1979) Peces marinos patagónicos. SEIM, Subsecretaría de Pesca, Buenos Aires

    Google Scholar 

  • Bezzi SI (1984) Aspectos biológicos pesqueros de la merluza de cola del Atlántico Sudoccidental. Rev Investig Desarro Pesq INIDEP 4:63–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehlert GW, Mundy BC (1993) Ichthyoplankton assemblages at seamounts and oceanic islands. Bull Mar Sci 53:336–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Brophy D (2013) Analysis of growth marks in calcified structures: insights into stock structure and migration pathways. In: Cadrin SX, Kerr LA, Mariani S (eds) Stock identification methods: applications in fishery science, 2nd edn. Academic, San Diego, pp 141–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown DR, Sánchez RP (2010) Larval and juvenile growth of two Patagonian small pelagic fishes: Engraulis anchoita and Sprattus fuegensis. Rev Investig Desarro Pesq INIDEP 20:35–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruno DO, Victorio MF, Acha EM, Fernández DA (2018) Fish early life stages associated with giant kelp forests in Sub-Antarctic coastal waters (Beagle Channel, Argentina). Polar Biol 41:365–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-017-2196-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buckley LJ, Caldarone EM, Lough RG, St. Onge-Burns JM (2006) Ontogenetic and seasonal trends in recent growth rates of Atlantic cod and haddock larvae on Georges Bank: effects of photoperiod and temperature. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 325:205–226. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps325205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campana SE (1992) Measurement and interpretation of the microstructure of fish otoliths. In: Stevenson DK, Campana SE (eds) Otolith microstructure examination and analysis. Canadian special publication on fisheries and aquatic sciences 117, Ottawa, p 59–71

  • Carreto JI, Carignan MO, Montoya NG, Cucchi Colleoni AD (2007) Ecología del fitoplancton en los sistemas frontales del Mar Argentino. In: Carreto JI, Bremec C (eds) El Mar Argentino y sus recursos pesqueros, 5. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Mar del Plata, pp 11–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Casarsa L (2005) Morfología y comportamiento de los cardúmenes de sardina fueguina (Sprattus fuegensis) en dos sectores característicos del Atlántico Sudoccidental. Dissertation, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata

  • Cerna F, Leal E, López A, Plaza G (2014) Age, growth and natural mortality of the Patagonian sprat Sprattus fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842) in Chiloé Inland Sea, southern Chile. Lat Am J Aquat Res 42:580–587. https://doi.org/10.3856/vol42-issue3-fulltext-15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciancio JE, Pascual MA, Botto F, Frere E, Iribarne O (2008) Trophic relationships of exotic anadromous salmonids in the southern Patagonian Shelf as inferred from stable isotopes. Limnol Oceanogr 53:788–798. https://doi.org/10.2307/40006459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ciechomski JD (1971) Estudio sobre los huevos y larvas de la sardina fueguina Sprattus fuegensis y de Maurolicus muelleri, hallados en aguas adyacentes al sector patagónico argentino. Physis 30:557–567

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciechomski JD, Weiss G (1974) Consideraciones sobre la reproducción y distribución cuantitativa de huevos y larvas de la sardina fueguina Sprattus fuegensis, en sector patagónico del Atlántico. CARPAS Doc Tec 12:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciechomski JD, Cassia MC, Weiss G (1975) Distribución de huevos, larvas y juveniles de peces en los sectores surbonaerenses, patagónico y fueguino del mar epicontinental argentino, en relación con las condiciones ambientales, en noviembre 1973-enero 1974. Ecosur 2:219–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Cousseau MB (1982) Revisión taxonómica y análisis de los caracteres morfométricos y merísticos de la sardina fueguina, Sprattus fuegensis (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Clupeidae). Rev Investig Desarro Pesq INIDEP 3:77–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Cushing DH (1990) Plankton production and year-class strength in fish populations: an update of the match/mismatch hypothesis. Adv Mar Biol 26:249–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60202-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalziel IW, Elliot DH (1973) The Scotia Arc and Antarctic margin. In: Nairn AEM, Stehli FG (eds) The South Atlantic. Springer, Boston, pp 171–246

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Falabella V, Campagna C, Caille G, Krapovickas S, Moreno D, Michelson A, Piola A, Schejter L, Zelaya D (2013) Banco Burdwood: Contribuciones para el establecimiento de una línea de base y plan de manejo de la futura Área Marina Protegida. Preliminar report

  • Falcini F, Palatella L, Cuttitta A, Buongiorno Nardelli B, Lacorata G, Lanotte AS, Patti B, Santoleri R (2015) The role of hydrodynamic processes on anchovy eggs and larvae distribution in the Sicily Channel (Mediterranean Sea): a case study for the 2004 data set. PLoS ONE 10:e0123213. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123213

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fauchald P, Skov H, Skern-Mauritzen M, Johns D, Tveraa T (2011) Wasp–waist interactions in the North Sea ecosystem. PLoS ONE 6:e22729. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022729

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fey DP (1999) Effects of preservation technique on the length of larval fish: methods of correcting estimates and their implication for studying growth rates. Arch Fish Mar Res 47:17–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox J, Weisberg S (2011) An R companion to applied regression, 2nd edn. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank KT, Leggett WC (1983) Multispecies larval fish associations: accident or adaptation? Can J Fish Aquat Sci 40:754–762. https://doi.org/10.1139/f83-098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glorioso PD, Flather RA (1995) A barotropic model of the currents off SE South America. J Geophys Res 100:13427–13440. https://doi.org/10.1029/95jc00942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govoni JJ (2005) Fisheries oceanography and the ecology of early life histories of fishes: a perspective over fifty years. Sci Mar 69:125–137. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2005.69s1125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gru DL, Cousseau MB (1982) Estudio de edad y crecimiento de la sardina fueguina (Sprattus fuegensis) de las costas de la provincia de Santa Cruz e Islas Malvinas. Rev Investig Desarro Pesq INIDEP 3:51–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Günther CC, Temming A, Baumann H, Huwer B, Möllmann C, Clemmesen C, Herrmann JP (2012) A novel length back-calculation approach accounting for ontogenetic changes in the fish length–otolith size relationship during the early life of sprat (Sprattus sprattus). Can J Fish Aquat Sci 69:1214–1229. https://doi.org/10.1139/f2012-054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen JE (1999) Estimación de parámetros poblacionales del efectivo de sardina fueguina (Sprattus fuegensis) de la costa continental Argentina. Inf Tec INIDEP 27:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P (2008) Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom J 50:346–363. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Houde ED (1989a) Subtleties and episodes in the early life of fishes. J Fish Biol 35:29–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03043.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houde ED (1989b) Comparative growth, mortality, and energetics of marine fish larvae: temperature and implied latitudinal effects. Fish Bull 87:471–495

    Google Scholar 

  • ICES (2016) Report of the Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group (WGBFAS), ICES CM 2016/ACOM:11, 12–19 April 2016. ICES HQ, Copenhagen

  • Kendall AW, Ahlstrom EH, Moser HG (1984) Early life history stages of fishes and their characters. In: Moser HG, Richards WJ, Cohen DM, Fahay MP, Kendall AW, Richardson SL (eds) Ontogeny and systematics of fishes, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists special publication no. 1. Allen Press, Lawrence, pp 11–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Landaeta MF, López G, Suárez-Donoso N, Bustos CA, Balbontín F (2012) Larval fish distribution, growth and feeding in Patagonian fjords: potential effects of freshwater discharge. Environ Biol Fishes 93:73–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-011-9891-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laptikhovsky V, Arkhipkin A, Brickle P (2006) Distribution and reproduction of the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides Smitt around the Falkland Islands. J Fish Biol 68:849–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00973.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leal E, Canales TM, Aranis A, Gonzáles M (2011) Actividad reproductiva y longitud de madurez de sardina austral Sprattus fuegensis en el mar interior de Chiloé, Chile. Rev Biol Mar Oceanogr 46:43–51. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-19572011000100006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenth RV (2016) Least-squares means: The R package lsmeans. J Stat Softw 69:1–33. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v069.i01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loeb VJ (1980) Patterns of spatial and species abundance within the larval fish assemblage of the North Pacific central gyre during late summer. Mar Biol 60:189–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00389162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lough RG, Bolz GR (1989) The movement of cod and haddock larvae onto the shoals of Georges Bank. J Fish Biol 35:71–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb03047.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milligan SP (1986) Recent studies on the spawning of sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) in the English Channel. Fish Res Tech Rep 83:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Moser HG, Watson W (2006) Ichthyoplankton. In: Allen LG, Pondella DJ, Horn MH (eds) The ecology of marine fishes: California and adjacent waters. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 269–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Munk P (1993) Differential growth of larval sprat Sprattus sprattus across a tidal front in the eastern North Sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 99:17–27. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps099017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nikolioudakis N, Koumoundouros G, Somarakis S (2014) Synchronization in allometric and morphological changes during metamorphosis: comparison among four sparid species. Aquat Biol 21:155–165. https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pepin P (1991) Effect of temperature and size on development, mortality, and survival rates of the pelagic early life history stages of marine fish. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 48:503–518. https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perrotta RG (1982) Distribución y estructura poblacional de la polaca (Micromesistius australis). Rev Investig Desarro Pesq INIDEP 3:35–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Petereit C, Haslob H, Kraus G, Clemmesen C (2008) The influence of temperature on the development of Baltic Sea sprat (Sprattus sprattus) eggs and yolk sac larvae. Mar Biol 154:295–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0923-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson RG, Whitworth T III (1989) The Subantarctic and Polar Fronts in relation to deep water masses through the Southwestern Atlantic. J Geophys Res 94:10817–10838. https://doi.org/10.1029/jc094ic08p10817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinheiro J, Bates D, DebRoy S, Sarkar D, R Core Team (2017) nlme: linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. R package version 3.1-131. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nlme

  • Piola AR, Gordon AL (1989) Intermediate waters in the southwest South Atlantic. Deep Sea Res 36:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90015-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piola AR, Rivas AL (1997) Corrientes en la plataforma continental. In: Boschi EE (ed) El Mar Argentino y sus recursos pesqueros. Tomo 1. Antecedentes históricos de las exploraciones en el Mar Argentino y las características ambientales. Instituto Nacional de investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero, Mar del Plata, pp 119–132

    Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team (2017) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. https://www.R-project.org/

  • Reta R, Guerrero R, Molinari G, Fenco H, Allega L, Cozzolino E, Baldoni A (2014) Oceanografía del Banco Burdwood: Estado Actual del Conocimiento y Perspectivas. Inf Tec INIDEP

  • Rivas AL, Dogliotti AI, Gagliardini DA (2006) Seasonal variability in satellite-measured surface chlorophyll in the Patagonian Shelf. Cont Shelf Res 26:703–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2006.01.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romero SI, Piola AR, Charo M, Eiras García CA (2006) Chlorophyll-a variability off Patagonia based on SeaWiFS data. J Geophys Res 111:C05021. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jc003244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakamoto Y, Ishiguro M, Kitagawa G (1986) Akaike information criterion statistics. Reidel, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez RP, Ciechomski JD (1995) Spawning and nursery grounds of pelagic fish species in the sea-shelf off Argentina and adjacent areas. Sci Mar 59:455–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez RP, Remeslo A, Madirolas A, Ciechomski JD (1995) Distribution and abundance of post-larvae and juveniles of the Patagonian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis, and related hydrographic conditions. Fish Res 23:47–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7836(94)00339-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez RP, Madirolas A, Reta R, Pájaro M, Ehrlich MD, Álvarez Colombo G, Macchi G (1997) The reproductive biology of the Patagonian sprat (Sprattus fuegensis): several facts and still some speculations. ICES CM 1997/HH:22

  • Sánchez RP, Ciechomski JD, Lasta CA, Guerrero RA (1999) A drift study of vertical distribution and mortality of Engraulis anchoita eggs and larvae. Rev Investig Desarro Pesq INIDEP 12:51–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Schejter L, Rimondino C, Chiesa I, Díaz de Astarloa JM, Doti B, Elías R, Escolar M, Genzano G, López Gappa J, Tatián M, Zelaya DG, Cristobo C, Perez CD, Cordeiro RT, Bremec CS (2016) Namuncurá Marine Protected Area: an oceanic hot spot of benthic biodiversity at Burdwood Bank, Argentina. Polar Biol 39:2373–2386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1913-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiavini ACM, Goodall RNP, Lescrauwaet AK, Alonso MK (1997) Food habits of the Peales dolphin Lagenorhynchus australis; review and new information. Rep Int Whal Comm 47:827–834

    Google Scholar 

  • Schismenou E, Palmer M, Giannoulaki M, Alvarez I, Tsiaras K, Triantafyllou G, Somarakis S (2016) Seasonal changes in otolith increment width trajectories and the effect of temperature on the daily growth rate of young sardines. Fish Oceanogr 25:362–372. https://doi.org/10.1111/fog.12158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlitzer R (2017) Ocean data view. http://odv.awi.de

  • Scioscia G, Raya Rey A, Saenz Samaniego RA, Florentín O, Schiavini A (2014) Intra- and interannual variation in the diet of the Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Martillo Island, Beagle Channel. Polar Biol 37:1421–1433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1532-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shirokova EN (1978) Some biological features of Tierra del Fuego sprat. Sov J Mar Biol 4:697–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair M, Iles TD (1988) Population richness of marine fish species. Aquat Living Resour 1:71–83. https://doi.org/10.1051/alr:1988009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith IJ, Stevens DP, Heywood KJ, Meredith MP (2010) The flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over the North Scotia Ridge. Deep Sea Res 57:14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.10.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela GS, Vargas CA (2002) Comparative larval growth rate of Sprattus sprattus in relation to physical and biological oceanographic features in the North Sea. Arch Fish Mar Res 49:213–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Venables WN, Ripley BD (2002) Modern applied statistics with S. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Worm B (2017) Marine conservation: how to heal an ocean. Nature 543:630–631. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21895

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

All authors are grateful to the Gabinete de Oceanografía Física - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero: Ministerio de Agroindustria, Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura de la Nación for permitting the access to their Base Regional de Datos Oceanográficos (BaRDO) and their Salinometer Guildline 8400B. We extend our thanks to Pablo Milla Carmona for his statistical suggestions and support. We are especially indebted to D. Piepenburg, M. La Mesa, I. Everson and an anonymous reviewer for their suggestions and corrections, which we believe greatly improved this manuscript.

Funding

Virginia A. García Alonso was supported by a Doctoral Fellowship awarded by the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. J. Martin was funded by Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT - FONCyT - Argentina) PICT 2014/3106. F. Capitanio was funded by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET - Argentina) PIP 11220150100109CO 2015-2017 and UBACYT 20020160100045BA 2017-2020.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Virginia A. García Alonso & Fabiana L. Capitanio

  2. Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo Nº 1, Escollera Norte, B7602HSA Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Daniel Brown & Marcelo Pájaro

  3. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410CAB Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

    Jacobo Martín

  4. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada, CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes, 2160, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Fabiana L. Capitanio

Authors
  1. Virginia A. García Alonso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniel Brown
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jacobo Martín
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marcelo Pájaro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fabiana L. Capitanio
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Virginia A. García Alonso.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All the authors, Virginia A. García Alonso, Daniel Brown, Jacobo Martin, Marcelo Pájaro, Fabiana L. Capitanio, have approved the manuscript submitted and declared they have no conflicts of interest in regard to this work.

Ethical approval

The research reported here has been conducted in an ethical and responsible manner, complying with all applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of fish eggs and larvae.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

García Alonso, V.A., Brown, D., Martín, J. et al. Seasonal patterns of Patagonian sprat Sprattus fuegensis early life stages in an open sea Sub-Antarctic Marine Protected Area. Polar Biol 41, 2167–2179 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2352-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-018-2352-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation