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Recent diversification in an ancient lineage of Notothenioid fishes (Bovichtus: Notothenioidei)

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Abstract

Notothenioids are among the most intensively studied lineages of marine fishes. However, notothenioid research is predominately focused on the approximately 100 species of Antarctic cryonotothenioids. Far less attention is devoted to the non-Antarctic lineages Bovichtidae, Pseudaphritis urvillii, and Eleginops maclovinus, all of which originated prior to the diversification of cryonotothenioid species. Here we utilize DNA sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes, as well as meristic trait morphology to investigate the evolutionary history of Bovichtidae. Bovichtus is the only polytypic lineage of early diverging non-Antarctic notothenioids providing a unique opportunity to contextualize the diversification dynamics of cryonotothenioids with their non-Antarctic relatives. We find strong evidence that species of Bovichtus represent a recent evolutionary radiation with divergence times similar to those estimated among the most closely related species of cryonotothenioids. The divergence in traditional meristic trait morphology among species of Bovichtus is consistent with their phylogenetic relationships. The phylogeny of Bovichtus implies the wide geographic distribution of species in the clade is likely the result of West Wind drift-driven dispersal. The phylogeny and divergence time estimates results reject a hypothesis that species persistence in Bovichtus reflects long periods of evolutionary stasis. Instead, we hypothesize that patterns of extinction and diversification in Bovichtus closely mirror those observed in their Antarctic relatives.

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Acknowledgements

G. Watkins-Colwell provided outstanding assistance with all aspects arising from the use of specimens housed in museum collections. A. Lamb provided assistance with various aspects in the preparation of this manuscript. All images were obtained through creative commons licenses. Alastair Graham (CSIRO) provided valuable tissue specimens. Financial support was provided by the Bingham Oceanographic fund maintained and managed at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University.

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  1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Osborn Memorial Labs, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, CT, 06520-8106, USA

    Thomas J. Near & Ava Ghezelayagh

  2. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8106, USA

    Thomas J. Near

  3. Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    F. Patricio Ojeda

  4. North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, 27601, USA

    Alex Dornburg

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  1. Thomas J. Near
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Near, T.J., Ghezelayagh, A., Ojeda, F.P. et al. Recent diversification in an ancient lineage of Notothenioid fishes (Bovichtus: Notothenioidei). Polar Biol 42, 943–952 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-019-02489-1

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