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Rib fabrication in Ostreoidea and Plicatuloidea (Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia) and its evolutionary significance

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Abstract

Ribs of Ostreoidea and Plicatuloidea are defined as antimarginal, that is, perpendicular to the margin throughout growth. Morphogenetically, these ribs are unique, since, unlike radial ribs, they are secreted by a homogeneous mantle margin. Based also on the reconstructed shell secretion cycle in Bivalvia, we propose that ribs of Ostreoidea and Plicatuloidea are formed by a mantle margin which, upon extension from the shell margin, stretches and folds by taking the preformed ribs as templates. In extending perpendicular to the margin (as in all Bivalvia growing isometrically), such a mantle extends the rib pattern antimarginally. Ribs of this kind are purely mechanical structures, as their arrangement depends on the mechanical properties of the mantle and on the environmental conditions. This explains the high irregularity of such ribbing patterns. The presence of antimarginal ribs in both the Ostreoidea and Plicatuloidea sheds light on their origin. The first known oyster, Actinostreon cristadifformis, probably derived from an antimarginally ribbed Prospondylidae gen. indet. in the Late Permian or Early Triassic. Antimarginally ribbed Triassic species formerly included in Placunopsis originated both the Dimyidae Atreta in the Late Triassic and Enantiostreon in the Mid Triassic, which was transitional to Plicatulidae. Therefore, Dimyidae and Plicatulidae are closely connected and grouped under Plicatuloidea, to which Ostreoidea is phylogenetically unrelated.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks are given to Serge Gofas (University of Málaga, Spain), Hans Hagdorn (Hagdorn Museum, Ingelfingen, Germany), Gerd Dietl (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart), Istvan Fözy (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest), Bushra Hussaini (American Museum of Natural History, New York), and Reinhard Schmidt-Effing (Philipps Universität Marburg). All of them contributed in an essential way to the present study either by providing material of Recent and fossil specimens or allowing access to private or institutional collections. Liz Harper (Cambridge University) and Nikolaus Malchus (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) critically reviewed the manuscript. The latter one kindly allowed reproduction of specimens in his 1990 monograph. Michael Hautmann (Universität Würzburg) provided constructive criticism on the early phylogeny of oyster-like Bivalvia (although he may not agree with all our statements). Otto Kraus (Universität Hamburg) and two anonymous reviewers made significant improvements. This work was funded by Research Projects PB97 0790 and BOS2001–3220 of the DGYCIT (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología) and by the Research Group RNM0178 of the Junta de Andalucía.

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  1. Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Antonio G. Checa & Antonio P. Jiménez-Jiménez

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Correspondence to Antonio G. Checa.

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Checa, A.G., Jiménez-Jiménez, A.P. Rib fabrication in Ostreoidea and Plicatuloidea (Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia) and its evolutionary significance. Zoomorphology 122, 145–159 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-003-0080-5

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