Abstract
Background
Shigatoxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a common thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in which central nervous system (CNS) involvement is responsible for the majority of deaths and for severe long-term sequelae. We have analyzed the role of hemoconcentration in disease severity.
Methods
This was a retrospective review of the records and laboratory data at presentation of all patients with STEC-HUS cases (n = 61) over a 10-year period. The patients were grouped into three severity classes: group A, comprising patients who did not require dialysis; group B, patients who were dialyzed without CNS involvement; group C, patients with CNS involvement.
Results
Patients with CNS involvement (group C) had a higher mean hemoglobin level (11.2 ± 2.3 g/dL) than those of group A or B ( 9.4 ± 2.1 and 7.5 ± 1.9 g/dL, respectively; p < 0.0001). We also observed that the higher the initial hemoglobin level, the more severe the long-term renal damage (p < 0.007).
Conclusions
In patients with STEC-HUS, hemoconcentration and hypovolemia may be responsible for more severe ischemic organ damage (both short and long term) at disease onset, and these signs should be regarded as risk factors for CNS damage and for more severe TMA. Therefore, we recommend that hydration status should be actively monitored in HUS patients and that dehydration, when diagnosed, should be promptly corrected.
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Acknowledgments
Gianluigi Ardissino, Center for HUS Control, Prevention and Management, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
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All aspects of this study were funded by a research grant from the "Progetto Alice ONLUS. Associazione per la lotta alla SEU"
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Ardissino, G., Daccò, V., Testa, S. et al. Hemoconcentration: a major risk factor for neurological involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 30, 345–352 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-014-2918-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-014-2918-0