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Meiotic behavior and pollen viability of tetraploid Arachis glabrata and A. nitida species (Section Rhizomatosae, Leguminosae): implications concerning their polyploid nature and seed set production

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Abstract

The meiotic behavior and pollen viability of the tetraploids (2n = 4x = 40) Arachis glabrata and A. nitida were analyzed aiming to provide insights into the nature of these polyploids and into the mechanism that determines the low seed production of these species. Meiotic analysis revealed 21 different chromosome configurations at diakinesis-metaphase I in A. glabrata (from 20 II to 4 II + 8 IV) and 7 in A. nitida (from 20 II to 2 I + 12 II + 2 III + 2 IV). The multivalent associations (up to 8 IV) observed in some A. glabrata metaphases suggest that this species may have an autopolyploid origin. However, the fact that the mean number of bivalents varied among accessions indicates different degrees of diploidization among them. In contrast, the multivalents (up to 2 III + 2 IV) observed in very low frequency in A. nitida indicate that this species may be either a largely diploidized autopolyploid or a segmental allopolyploid. A great diversity, although in low frequency, of meiotic abnormalities (abnormal chromosome orientation and segregation, chromosome bridges, irregular spindles, micronuclei, aneuploid nuclei, restitution nuclei, microcytes, monads, dyads, triads, and hexads) was detected in both species. The meiotic indexes were over 95%, and pollen viabilities ranged from 83.20 to 95.99%. These results suggest that chromosome behavior during meiosis would not severely affect pollen viability. Thus, the irregular chromosome behavior caused by the autopolyploid or segmental allopolyploid nature of these species may not be related to their low seed set production.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from Secretaría General de Ciencia y Técnica (UNNE) PI 47/04, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) PIP 6265, and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica PICTO 2007-00099, Argentina.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina

    Alejandra Marcela Ortiz, José Guillermo Seijo, Aveliano Fernández & Graciela Inés Lavia

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (UNNE), Av. Libertad 5460, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina

    José Guillermo Seijo, Aveliano Fernández & Graciela Inés Lavia

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  1. Alejandra Marcela Ortiz
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  2. José Guillermo Seijo
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  3. Aveliano Fernández
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  4. Graciela Inés Lavia
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Correspondence to Graciela Inés Lavia.

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Ortiz, A.M., Seijo, J.G., Fernández, A. et al. Meiotic behavior and pollen viability of tetraploid Arachis glabrata and A. nitida species (Section Rhizomatosae, Leguminosae): implications concerning their polyploid nature and seed set production. Plant Syst Evol 292, 73–83 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0397-8

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