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Morphometric analysis and the distinction between Tibouchina hatschbachii and T. marumbiensis: morphological differentiation driven from the past

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Abstract

The taxonomic delimitation of Tibouchina hatschbachii and T. marumbiensis has been subject to some controversy. According to the original descriptions, plants from grasslands on sandstone areas were identified as T. hatschbachii, whereas plants from grasslands on granite as T. marumbiensis. Due to a considerable morphological overlap, T. marumbiensis has been recognized as a synonym of T. hatschbachii, which has yet to be quantitatively investigated in natural populations. Genetic studies have shown that recent geological movements in the Ribeira do Iguape valley (RIV) region have influenced these species distributions. These events generated two geographically structured genetic lineages, apparently separated by pre- and post-zygotic reproductive barriers, which may be reflected in the morphological variation found in them. In order to investigate these morphological patterns, twenty-two morphological characters were measured for 148 specimens from nine localities and evaluated using multivariate analyses. Our results do not support the synonymization of T. marumbiensis under T. hatschbachii. Two morphological groups structured by RIV were consistent in all analyses. Group I contains all populations on sandstone plus two populations on granite, all to the west of RIV; group II comprises two populations on granite, both to the east of RIV. We therefore suggest a new circumscription for T. hatschbachii and T. marumbiensis. In this case, T. hatschbachii would be represented by the populations to the west of RIV and recognized by the smaller floral and vegetative structures, whereas T. marumbiensis would be represented by the populations to the east of RIV, with larger floral and vegetative structures.

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Acknowledgements

We thank “Instituto Ambiental do Paraná” (IAP), “Instituto Florestal de São Paulo” and “Companhia Paranaense de Energia” (COPEL) for the permits and access to the study areas and V. R. C. Maia for valuable help in the field. Special thanks are due to V. P. Zwiener, who generously helped us to construct the sampling map. The authors thank V. L. G. Brito, S. Koehler, A. Barbosa, C. Palma-Silva, M. I. Zucchi, P. E. A. M. Oliveira, A. P. Souza and T. Bochorny for useful comments on previous versions of the manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; 457510/2014-5). CNPq also supported FRM’s Ph.D. scholarship and RG’s research productivity fellowship.

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  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fabiano R. Maia

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

    Fabiano R. Maia & Renato Goldenberg

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Correspondence to Fabiano R. Maia.

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Online Resource 1. Mean ± standard deviation, minimum, maximum values and coefficients of variation of 21 morphological characters for nine populations (P1–P9) of Tibouchina hatschbachii and T. marumbiensis.

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Maia, F.R., Goldenberg, R. Morphometric analysis and the distinction between Tibouchina hatschbachii and T. marumbiensis: morphological differentiation driven from the past. Plant Syst Evol 305, 169–180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-018-1560-x

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