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Phylogeny and systematics of the Lactucinae (Asteraceae) focusing on their SW Asian centre of diversity

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Abstract

This study provides the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the lettuce alliance (Cichorieae subtribe Lactucinae of the sunflower family) in its SW Asia centre of diversity and assumed area of origin. The sampling contains multiple samples of all SW Asian Lactucinae except four unavailable rare taxa. One nuclear ribosomal and five plastid DNA markers were used for the reconstruction with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. A total of 716 individual sequences belonging to 56 taxa were newly generated. The nrDNA and plastid DNA gene trees show several hard topological incongruences at various levels of the trees, which make it very likely that the evolution of the subtribe was shaped by events of ancient and more recent reticulation, chloroplast capture and incomplete lineage sorting. The taxonomic conclusions from the phylogenetic analysis are drawn, and a revised inventory of the subtribe in SW Asia including new combinations and synonymies are provided.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our thanks to TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for financial support of the field and laboratory studies in Turkey (Grant No. 115Z269) and of a research stay of the first author at the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin (BİDEB 2214A). We thank the herbaria E, M, TBI and W for loan of material and the permission to use leaf tissue for DNA extraction. Lastly we would like to thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.

Funding

This study was funded by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) for Grant No. 115Z269 and TÜBİTAK-BİDEB 2214A to the first author, supporting a research stay at the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey

    Murat E. Güzel & Kamil Coşkunçelebi

  2. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6–8, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Norbert Kilian

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey

    Serdar Makbul

  4. Department of Forestry, Dereli Vocational School, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey

    Mutlu Gültepe

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  1. Murat E. Güzel
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Correspondence to Murat E. Güzel.

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Online Resource 1. Taxon sampling, voucher data and accession numbers of taxa used in this study.

Online Resource 2. Final alignment of the nrITS dataset.

Online Resource 3. Final alignment of the cpDNA dataset.

Online Resource 4. Revised checklist for SW Asian Lactucinae.

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Güzel, M.E., Coşkunçelebi, K., Kilian, N. et al. Phylogeny and systematics of the Lactucinae (Asteraceae) focusing on their SW Asian centre of diversity. Plant Syst Evol 307, 7 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01719-y

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