Abstract
Data on morphology, anatomy, secondary chemistry, ecology, as well as phylogenetic reconstructions based on ITS/5.8S and mtSSU sequence data suggest that “Flavocetraria” minuscula should be transferred to a new monotypic genus Cladocetraria, phylogenetically related to “Cetraria” obtusata and Cetrariella. Cladocetraria minuscula is morphologically similar to Flavocetraria cucullata especially in miniature forms, but differs from this species in having helmet-shaped tips wrapped inside (up-turned) with inconspicuous white pruina, marginal pseudocyphellae in the form of a dotted line, and bacilliform uniformly thickened conidia. Differences from morphologically and phylogenetically related species are discussed. Chemical examination of Cladocetraria minuscula using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry assay revealed as previously reported usnic and protolichesterinic acids, as allo-protolichesterinic and lichesterinic acids reported for C. minuscula for the first time. According to presented phylogeny, Flavocetraria cucullata and F. nivalis are only distantly related and belong to different clades within the “Nephromopsis” branch, and must belong to different genera. In this regard, “Flavocetraria” nivalis should be transferred to the monotypic genus Foveolaria.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to G.S. Evdokimov, I.S. Stepanchikova (St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia) and A.P. Yatsyna (V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany NAS B, Minsk, Belarus) for the fresh specimens of Flavocetraria cucullata and Foveolaria nivalis. We thank colleagues from Finland for the opportunity to work with the lichen collections in 2018–2019. We are also grateful to Prof. Mark Seaward (University of Bradford, United Kingdom) for the linguistic revision of the manuscript and anonymous reviewers for valuable comments.
Funding
The study was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR (Grant No. 18-34-00332, S. Chesnokov, I. Prokopiev; Grant No. 18-05-60093, S. Chesnokov, L. Konoreva). The study was carried out in the frame of institutional research projects “Cryptogamic biota of Pacific Asia: taxonomy, biodiversity, species distribution” of the Botanical Garden-Institute of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (work by S. Chesnokov, L. Konoreva); “Flora and taxonomy of algae, lichens and bryophytes of Russia and phytogeographically important regions of the world” No. 121021600184-6 (work by S. Chesnokov) and “Assessment of changes in the correlation structure of metabolite networks in the process of growth and development of fungi and plants from the standpoint of system biology” No. AAAA-A18-118032390136-5 (work by A. Shavarda, I. Prokopiev) of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; “Flora of lichens, cyanoprokaryotes, bryophytes and vascular plants of the European Arctic and Subarctic” No. AAAA-A18-118050490088-0 (work by L. Konoreva) of the Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; “Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation of plants, animals, humans to the conditions of the Arctic/Subarctic and the development of biological products based on natural northern raw materials that increase the efficiency of the adaptation process and the level of human health in extreme environmental conditions” No. AAAA-A21-121012190035-9 (work by I. Prokopiev) and “Vegetation cover of the permafrost zone of the taiga Yakutia: biodiversity, habitat-forming functions, protection and rational use” No. AAAA-A21-121012190038-0 (work by L. Poryadina) of the Institute for Biological Problems of the Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences with the use of scientific equipment of the Shared core facilities of the Federal Research Center «Yakutsk Science Center SB RAS» within the framework of the implementation of activities under grant No. 13.21.0016; “Inventory and classification of the taxonomic spatial diversity of plants and plant communities in the North of the Russian Far East” No. AAA-A17-117122590002-0 (work by E. Zheludeva) of the Institute of biological problems of the North of Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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Sergey V. Chesnokov and Liudmila A. Konoreva wrote the main manuscript text, prepared figures 1-5 and table 4; Evgeny A. Davydov performed phylogenetic analysis using IQ-TREE and prepared tables 1 and 2; Ilya A. Prokopiev and Alexey L. Shavarda performed the liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolite profiling and prepared table 3; Lena N. Poryadina and Elena V. Zheludeva conducted a morphological analysis of specimens in herbaria MAG, SASY and took part in editing the text of the manuscript.
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Chesnokov, S.V., Davydov, E.A., Konoreva, L.A. et al. The monotypic genus Flavocetraria and two new genera: Cladocetraria and Foveolaria, in the cetrarioid core. Plant Syst Evol 309, 24 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-023-01862-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-023-01862-2