Abstract
The Indo-Pacific marine atherinid fishes Atherinomorus forskalii (Rüppell, 1838), Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801), and Atherinomorus pinguis (Lacepède, 1803) are redescribed as valid species based on the types and non-type specimens collected throughout the Indo-Pacific. They are similar to each other chiefly in having a wide midlateral band (almost the same or greater than the midlateral scale width), large mouth (posterior tip of upper jaw reaching to or beyond a vertical through anterior margin of pupil), and no distinct tubercle at the posterior end of the dentary. All three species are distinguishable from congeners by those characters. The three species have long been confused with each other or synonymized erroneously as a single species. Atherinomorus forskalii, known from the Red Sea and eastern Mediterranean, differs from Atherinomorus lacunosus and Atherinomorus pinguis in having conspicuous, large endopterygoid teeth, forming obvious tooth ridges. Atherinomorus lacunosus, widely distributed in almost the entire Indo-Pacific, from East Africa to Tonga, north to southern Japan, and south to northern Australia, differs from Atherinomorus pinguis in having a wider midlateral band (the lower margin reaching to almost the center of the fourth scale row at level of the anal fin origin vs. the lower margin reaching to the ventral end of the third scale row in Atherinomorus pinguis) and more numerous midlateral scales (40–44 vs. 38–41 in Atherinomorus pinguis). Atherina morrisi Jordan and Starks, 1906, Hepsetia pinguis mineri Nichols and Roemhild, 1951, Pranesus capricornensis Woodland, 1961, Pranesus maculatus Taylor, 1964, and Pranesus pinguis ruppelli Smith, 1965, are regarded as junior synonyms of Atherinomorus lacunosus. Atherinomorus pinguis is also widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific, from East Africa to northern Australia and north to southern Japan. Atherina pectoralis Valenciennes, 1835, is considered a junior synonym of Atherinomorus pinguis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ET Bennett (1832) ArticleTitleObservations on a collection of fishes from the Mauritius, presented by Mr. Telfair, with characters of new genera and species Proc Zool Soc Lond 1830–1831 IssueIDpt 1 165–169
ET Bennett (1833) ArticleTitleCharacters of two new species of fishes, from the Mauritius, presented by Mr. Telfair Proc Zool Soc Lond 1832 IssueIDpt 2 184
M Blanc J-C Hureau (1971) ArticleTitleCatalogue critique des types de poissons du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. (Suite) (Mugiliformes et Polynémiformes) Bull Mus Natl Hist Nat (Sér 3) Zool 15 673–734
P Bleeker (1853) ArticleTitleNieuwe tientallen diagnostische beschrijvingen van nieuwe of weinig bekende vischsoorten van Sumatra Natuurkd Tijdschr Neder Indië 5 495–534
Bloch ME, Schneider JO (1801) M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae iconibus cx illustratum. Post obitum auctoris opus inchoatum absolvit, correxit, interpolavit Jo. Gottlob Schneider Saxo. Berolini. Sumtibus Austoris Impressum et Bibliopolio Sanderiano Commissum, Berlin
G Bucciarelli D Golani G Bernardi (2002) ArticleTitleGenetic cryptic species as biological invaders: the case of a Lessepsian fish migrant, the hardyhead silverside Atherinomorus lacunosus J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 273 143–149 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0022-0981(02)00138-7
GL Cuvier A Valenciennes (1835) Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, vol 10 Chez F.G. Levrault Paris
M Dor (1984) CLOFRES. Checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Jerusalem
HW Fowler (1903) ArticleTitleDescriptions of new, little known, and typical Atherinidae Proc Acad Nat Sci Phila 55 727–742
Fricke R (1999) Fishes of the Mascarene Islands (Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez). An annotated checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz, Königstein
D Golani L Orsi-Relini E Massuiti J-P Quignard (2002) CIESM atlas of exotic species in the Mediterranean vol. 1. Fishes CIESM Monaco
M Goren M Dor (1994) An updated checklist of the fishes of the Red Sea. CRLOFRES II Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities Jerusalem
A Günther (1861) Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum, vol 3 British Museum London
A Günther (1876) Andrew Garrett's Fische der Südsee, vol 2 L Friederichsen & Co Hamburg
InstitutionalAuthorNameICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th edn The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature London
Ivantsoff W (1984) Atherinidae. In: Fischer W, Bianchi G (eds) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (fishing area 51), vol 2. FAO, Rome, pp “ATHER Ather 1” to “ATHER Ter 1”
W Ivantsoff (1986) Family no. 111: Atherinidae MM Smith PC Heemstra (Eds) Smiths' sea fishes JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology Grahamstown 381–383
W Ivantsoff LELM Crowley (1991) ArticleTitleReview of the Australian silverside fishes of the genus Atherinomorus (Atherinidae) Aust J Mar Freshw Res 42 179–505 Occurrence Handle10.1071/MF9910479
W Ivantsoff LELM Crowley (2000) Atherinidae. Silversides (or hardyheads) KE Carpenter VH Niem (Eds) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific, vol 4 FAO Rome 2113–2139
DS Jordan CL Hubbs (1919) A monographic review of the family of Atherinidae or silversides. Leland Stanford Junior University Publications University Series. Stanford University California
DS Jordan EC Starks (1906) ArticleTitleList of fishes collected on Tanega and Yaku, offshore islands of southern Japan, by Robert Van Vleck Anderson, with descriptions of seven new species Proc U S Natl Mus 30 695–706
S Kimura (2005) Atherinidae K Matsuura S Kimura (Eds) Fishes of Libong Island, west coast of southern Thailand Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo Tokyo 14
S Kimura P Peristiwady (2000) Atherinidae K Matsuura OK Sumadhiharga K Tsukamoto (Eds) Field guide to Lombok Island: identification guide to marine organisms in seagrass beds of Lombok Island, Indonesia Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo Tokyo 155–157
S Kimura Y Iwatsuki T Yoshino (2001a) ArticleTitleRedescriptions of the Indo-West Pacific atherinid fishes, Atherinomorus endrachtensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) and A. duodecimalis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835) Ichthyol Res 48 167–177 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s10228-001-8132-7
S Kimura Y Iwatsuki T Yoshino (2001b) ArticleTitleValidity of the atherinid fish, Atherinomorus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825), with comments on its synonymy Ichthyol Res 48 379–384 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s10228-001-8161-2
S Kimura Y Iwatsuki T Yoshino (2002) ArticleTitleA new silverside, Atherinomorus aetholepis sp. nov., from the West Pacific Ichthyol Res 49 240–244 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s102280200034
S Kimura P Peristiwady SR Suharti (2003) Atherinidae S Kimura K Matsuura (Eds) Fishes of Bitung, northern tip of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ocean Research Institute University of Tokyo Tokyo 24–25
CB Klunzinger (1870) ArticleTitleSynopsis der Fische des Rothen Meeres. I. Theil. Percoiden—Mugiloiden Verh K-K Zool-Bot Ges Wien 20 669–834
CB Klunzinger (1884) Die Fische des Rothen Meeres. Eine kritische Revision mit Bestimmungstabellen. I. Teil Acanthopteri veri Owen E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshndlung Stuttgart
BGE Lacepède (1803) Histoire naturelle des poisons, vol 5 Prasson Paris
AE Leviton RH Gibbs SuffixJr E Heal CE Dawson (1985) ArticleTitleStandards in herpetology and ichthyology. Part 1. Standard symbolic codes for institutional resource collections in herpetology and ichthyology Copeia 1985 802–832
JT Nichols J Roemhild (1951) ArticleTitleA form of the silverside, Hepsetia pinguis (Lacepède), from Samoa Mar Life Occas Papers 1 55–57
Quoy JRC, Gaimard JP (1824–1825) Chapter IX. Description des Poissons. In: de Freycinet L (ed) Voyage autour du Monde … exécuté sur les corvettes de L. M. “L'Uranie” et “La Physicienne,” pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820, vol 3. Pillet Aîné, Paris, pp 192–401, pls 43–65
Rüppell E (1835–1838) Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig, entdeckt und beschrieben. Fische des Rothen Meeres. Commission bei Siegmund Schmerber, Frankfurt am Main
LP Schultz ES Herald EA Lachner AD Welander LP Woods (1953) ArticleTitleFishes of the Marshall and Marianas islands, vol I. Families from Asymmetrontidae through Siganidae Bull US Natl Mus No. 202 1 1–685
JLB Smith (1965) ArticleTitleFishes of the family Atherinidae of the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean with a new freshwater genus and species from Madagascar Ichthyol Bull 31 601–632
WR Taylor (1964) ArticleTitleFishes of Arnhem Land Rec American-Australian Sci Exp Arnhem Land 4 45–307
M Weber (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition E. J. Brill Leiden
PJP Whitehead W Ivantsoff (1983) ArticleTitleAtherina lacunosa and the fishes described by J. R. Forster Jpn J Ichthyol 29 355–364
DJ Woodland (1961) ArticleTitleDescription of a new species of Pranesus (Atherinidae: Pisces) from the Capricorn group, Great Barrier Reef Pac Sci 15 540–541
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic Supplementary Material
FigS1.jpg
Atherinomorus forskalii. A Holotype, SMF 1898, 109 mm SL, from Jiddah, Saudi Arabia (Red Sea). B Non-type material, HUJ 5292, 113 mm SL, from Elat, Israel (Red Sea). (For a color version of this figure, see electronic supplementary material, Fig. S1)
Electronic Supplementary Material
FigS2.jpg
Atherinomorus lacunosus. A Holotype, MNHN A. 4400, 75 mm SL, from New Caledonia. B Holotype of Atherina morrisi, CAS-SU 9354, 102 mm SL, from Yaku I., Kagoshima, Japan. C Holotype of Hepsetia pinguis mineri, AMNH 19519, 79 mm SL, from Pago Pago, Samoa (photographed by T. Fukuhara). D Holotype of Pranesus capricornensis, QM I. 8201, 93 mm SL, from Heron I., Capricorn Group, Queensland, Australia. E Holotype of Pranesus maculatus, AMS IB.5238, 81 mm SL, from Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory, Australia. F Holotype of Pranesus pinguis ruppelli, SMF 6856, 87 mm SL, from Jidda, Saudi Arabia. G Non-type material, FRLM 26461, 106 mm SL, from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia (fresh condition). (For a color version of this figure, see electronic supplementary material, Fig. S2)
Electronic Supplementary Material
FigS3.jpg
Atherinomorus pinguis. A Neotype, SAIAB 5682, 105 mm SL, from Mauritius. B Lectotype of Atherina pectoralis, MNHN A 4305, 103 mm SL, Mauritius. C Non-type material, FRLM 28706, 86 mm SL, from Libong I., Trang, Thailand (fresh condition). (For a color version of this figure, see electronic supplementary material, Fig. S3)
About this article
Cite this article
Kimura, S., Golani, D., Iwatsuki, Y. et al. Redescriptions of the Indo-Pacific atherinid fishes Atherinomorus forskalii, Atherinomorus lacunosus, and Atherinomorus pinguis . Ichthyol Res 54, 145–159 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-006-0386-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-006-0386-7