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The Hypogean fishes of China

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Abstract

China has 92 described species of hypogean (cave and artesian) fishes. That is nearly one third of all the described hypogean fish species (299), more than any other country. Of all Chinese hypogean fishes 56 species show troglomorphisms, i.e., adaptations that have been correlated to the hypogean environment such as reduction and/or loss of eyes, pigmentation, and the gas bladder. Additionally, two other characters seem to be unique to some Chinese hypogean species: presence of a horn-like structure and hyperdevelopment of the dorsal protuberance similar to a humpback. Despite the fact that the first written account of a cave fish was for species found in China in 1540 (Romero 2001; and Introduction to this special volume), almost all the new descriptions have taken place in the last 20 years mostly in papers written in Chinese and/or in journals of difficult access outside China. This paper summarizes all the knowledge we have on the hypogean fishes of China and puts them in context regarding all the hypogean fishes in the world.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the projects of the National Natural Sciences Fund of China (NSFC-30470251 and NSFC-J0030092 to Y. Zhao, and NSFC-30730017 to X. Chen), and Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2007CB411600 to X. Chen). Many thanks go to Zhang C (IZB) for providing some suggestions and necessary stuffs. Appreciation to Ye E (IZB), Lan J (Du’an Fishery Bureau), He M (KIZ) and Li J (KIZ) for taking some pictures. Thanks to David L.G. Noakes for editorial suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 599, Jonesboro, AR, 72467, USA

    Aldemaro Romero

  2. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China

    Yahui Zhao

  3. Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoyong Chen

Authors
  1. Aldemaro Romero
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  2. Yahui Zhao
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  3. Xiaoyong Chen
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Correspondence to Aldemaro Romero.

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Aldemaro Romero and Yahui Zhao have contributed equally to this article.

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Romero, A., Zhao, Y. & Chen, X. The Hypogean fishes of China. Environ Biol Fish 86, 211–278 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9441-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9441-3

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