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The taxonomy and phylogeny of the cyprinid genus Opsariichthys Bleeker (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Taiwan, with description of a new species

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Abstract

The morphological and mitochondrial genetic differentiation in the cyprinid genus, Opsariichthys Bleeker (Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1:187–218, 1863) have been surveyed in Taiwan. Among them, there are three valid species can be recognized in Taiwan including Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther (1868) distributed in northern and western Taiwan, Opsariichthys evolans (Jordan and Evermann Proc US Nat Mus 25:315–368, 1902) in northern Taiwan and an unnamed species from southern Taiwan described herein as Opsariichthys kaopingensis Chen and Wu, new species which can be well distinguished from the related O. pachycaphalus by their body proportions, scale counts, and specific coloration patterns. We utilized mitochondrial complete D-loop sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships within a subset of related genera of opsariichthines, and to examine evidence for genetic differentiation in these two sibling species formerly assigned to “Zacco” pachycephalus and their genetic relationship with other congeneric species around nearby regions. The clade of O. pachycephalus and O. kaopingensis in genetically were recovered as more closely related to Opsariichthys uncirostris (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) species complex including both O. uncirostris and O. bidens Günther (1868) from Japan and mainland China than to typical Zacco from Japan. This molecular phylogenetic insight strongly supports the assignment for both so-called “Zacco” pachycephalus and this new species described herein as the typical monophyletic members of Opsariichthys and the type species of Zacco as Zacco platypus (Temminck and Schlegel 1846) from Japan is sister clade for all species groups in Opsariichthys. Opsariichthys pachycephalus and O. kaopingensis were strongly differentiated by large mitogenetic distances and phylogenetic support from distance and discrete method and Bayesian inference based on complete mtDNA D-loop sequences, with an average mitogenetic divergence of 3.3%, which may suggest that the separation of the two species happened much earlier than the last glacial period. Opsariichthys evolans seems to share the close genetic relationship with O. acutipinnis (Bleeker Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1:187–218, 1863) from the Yangtsi River basin.

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Acknowledgements

The first author is very grateful for the grant support from the National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan in 2003–2005, and from the Agriculture Council, Taiwan in 2001 to 2003. He also extends his thanks to both K.T. Shao and H.C. Ho for kindly providing the very important information and photo for the type specimens of Opsariichthys pachycephalus from BMNH; M.J. Grygier for his kindly help for collecting Japanese specimens and L.S. Fang for his kindly support for of this research; N.H. Jang-Liaw for providing some Chinese cyprinids; Y.C. Chang for his kindly providing his excellent, alive photos of cyprinid fishes; and P.H. Liu for her assistance on part of lab. sequencing work for these cyprinid fishes.

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  1. Jui-Hsien Wu

    Present address: Dongsha Marine National Park Headquarters, No. 24, Demin Rd., Kaohsiung City, 811, Taiwan, Republic of China

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Marine Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan, Republic of China

    I-Shiung Chen & Shih-Pin Huang

  2. Institute of Marine Resources, National Sun Yst-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Jui-Hsien Wu

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  1. I-Shiung Chen
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Correspondence to I-Shiung Chen.

Appendix

Appendix

NCBI accession numbers of complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences used in this study (given in parenthesis). All used alcoholic specimens and tissues for newly sequencing here were deposited in either the Pisces collection of National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung (NMMBA) or National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung (NTOUP). Opsariichthys acutipinnis (OPACHS1: FJ648641; OPACHZ1: FJ649642; OPACJG1: FJ648643). Opsariichthys kaopingensis (haplotypes B1 to B6: AY3131195 to AY3131200). Opsariichthys pachycephalus (haplotypes A1 to A15: AY313180 to AY313195). Opsariichthys uncirostris (AY3131201). Zacco platypus from Japan (AY313202). Zacco cf. platypus from China (ZAPLLD1: FJ64939; ZAPLLK1: FJ64940). Aphyocypris kikuchii (AY313203). Other mtDNA sequences are cited from Chen et al. (2008a, b).

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Chen, IS., Wu, JH. & Huang, SP. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the cyprinid genus Opsariichthys Bleeker (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Taiwan, with description of a new species. Environ Biol Fish 86, 165–183 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-009-9499-y

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