Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Description of four new species and a revision of the genus Tripaphylus Richiardi in Anonymous, 1878 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Sphyriidae)

  • Published:
Systematic Parasitology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Tripaphylus Richiardi in Anonymous, 1878 is one of the genera of the Sphyriidae Wilson, 1919 and it currently accommodates ten species. Only scanty descriptions are available for the females and some males of the species. Tripaphylus specimens, described and illustrated in this paper, were collected from elasmobranch hosts off the South African coast or came from the private collection of the late Dr G. Benz. Collected specimens were fixed and preserved in 70% ethanol, examined by light - and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with the known species. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for the transformed adult females and males of T. elongatus (Wilson, 1932) and T. versicolor (Wilson, 1919) while illustrated descriptions of the transformed adult females are also provided for T. ferox (Wilson, 1919) and T. vaissierei (Delamare Deboutteville & Nuñes-Ruivo, 1954). Additionally, the material previously reported as T. ferox is considered to represent T. elongatus and that reported as T. lobatus (Kirtisinghe, 1964) is considered a junior synonym of T. vaissierei. Based on the collected material the transformed adult female and male of T. lewisi n. sp. are described as well as the adult transformed females of T. benzi n. sp., T. hoi n. sp., and T. beatricae n. sp. A summarised review of the main features is provided for each of the previously described T. musteli (van Beneden, 1851), T. hemigalei Kirtisinghe, 1964, T. australis (Kabata, 1993), T. triakis (Castro Romero, 2001) and T. asymboli (Turner, Kyne & Bennett, 2003). Furthermore, reasons are provided for the recommendation that T. hemigalei be considered a species inquirenda. An identification key to the transformed adult females of all species of Tripaphylus is provided and the host records are also updated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bassett-Smith, P. W. (1899). A systematic description of parasitic Copepoda found on fishes, with an enumeration of the known species. Journal of Zoology, 67, 438–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benz, G. W. (1993). Evolutionary biology of Siphonostomatoida (Copepoda) parasitic on vertebrates. PhD Thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

  • Benz, G. W., Nagasawa, K., Yamaguchi, A., McMeans, G. C., & McElwain, A. (2006). New host and ocean records for Driocephalus cerebrinoxius (Sphyriidae, Siphonostomatoida) and a reconsideration of phylogeny within Sphyriidae. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 36, 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benz, G. W., & Boxshall, G. A. (2017). Redescription of Tripaphylus musteli (van Beneden, 1851) (Copepoda: Sphyriidae) and the relegation of Paeon Wilson, 1919 to synonymy with Tripaphylus Richiardi in Anonymous, 1878. Systematic Parasitology, 94, 689–698.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Castro Romero, R. (2001). Paeon triakis sp. n. and a new form for Lateracanthus quadripedis Kabata et Gusev, 1966 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida), parasitic on Chilean fishes in the South Pacific. Acta Parasitologica, 46, 24–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delamare Deboutteville, D. D., & Nuñes-Ruivo, L. P. (1954). Parasites de poissons de mer ouest africains recoltes par J. Cadenat. II. Copepodes (1re note) genres Lernanthropus, Sagum, Paeon, Pennella. Bulletin de l’Institut Française d’Afrique Noire, 16A, 139–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diebakate, C., Raibaut, A., & Kabata, Z. (1997). Thamnocephalus cerebrinoxius n. g., n. sp. (Copepoda: Sphyriidae), a parasite in the nasal capsules of Leptocharias smithii (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Pisces: Leptochariidae) off the coast of Senegal. Systematic Parasitology, 38, 231–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dippenaar, S. M., & Jordaan, B. P. (2007). New host and geographical records of siphonostomatoid copepods associated with elasmobranchs off the KwaZulu-Natal coast, South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 74, 169–175.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dojiri, M., & Deets, G. B. (1988). Norkus cladocephalus, new genus, new species (Siphonostomatoida: Sphyriidae), a copepod parasitic on an elasmobranch from southern California waters, with a phylogenetic analysis of the Sphyriidae. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 8, 679–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eschmeyer, W. N., Fricke, R., & Van der Laan, R. (Eds). (2017). Catalog of fishes: Genera, species, references. http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp. [This version was edited by Bill Eschmeyer.] Accessed 29 March 2017.

  • Humes, A. G., & Gooding, R. U. (1964). A method for studying the external anatomy of copepods. Crustaceana, 6, 238–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huys, R., & Boxshall, G. A. (1991). Copepod evolution. London: The Ray Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICZN (2012). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: Amendment of articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 69, 161–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabata, Z. (1979). Parasitic copepoda of British fishes. London: The Ray Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabata, Z. (1993). Two new species of Copepoda (Crustacea) parasitic on marine fishes. Systematic Parasitology, 26, 233–239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirtisinghe, P. (1964). A review of the parasitic copepods of fish recorded from Ceylon with descriptions of additional forms. Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Station, Ceylon, 17, 45–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, A. G. (1966). Copepod crustaceans parasitic on elasmobranch fishes of the Hawaiin Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 118, 57–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, A. S. (1952). Parasitic Crustacea from the Texas coast. Publications of the Institute of Marine Science University Texas, 2, 5–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillai, N. K. (1985). Fauna of India. Parasitic copepods of marine fishes. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, A. (1904). Some parasites found on fishes in the Irish Sea. Proceedings and transactions of the Liverpool biological society, 18, 113–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, T., & Scott, A. (1913). The British parasitic copepoda (Vol. I and II). London: The Ray Society.

  • Turner, T. B., Kyne, P. M., & Bennett, M. B. (2003). Description of Paeon asymboli n. sp. (Copepoda: Sphyriidae), parasitic on Asymbolus spp. (catsharks) and a new host record for P. australis Kabata, 1993. Systematic Parasitology, 56, 235–239.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Beneden, P.-J. (1851). Note sur un Crustacé parasite nouveau, avec l’énumération des espéces de cette classe qu’on observe sure les poisons du littoral de Belgique. Bulletins de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-arts de Belgique, 18, 286–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Oorde-de-Lint, G. M., & Schuurmans Stekhoven, J. H. (1936). Copepoda X. C2. Copepoda parasitica. In G. Grimpe, & E. Wagler (Eds.), Die Tierwelt der Nord- und Ostsee, pp. 73–198.

  • Walter, T. C., & Boxshall, G. (2008). Sphyriidae Wilson C.B., 1919. In: Walter, T. C., & Boxshall, G. (2017). World of Copepods database. http://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=135536. Accessed on 29 March 2017.

  • Wilson, C. B. (1908). North American parasitic copepods: A list of those found upon the fishes of the Pacific Coast, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 35, 431–481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. B. (1919). North American parasitic copepods belonging to the new family Sphyriidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 55, 549–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. B. (1932). The copepods of the Woods Hole region Massachusetts. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 158, 1–635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. B. (1935). Parasitic copepods from the Dry Tortugas. Publications of the Carnegie Institute, Washington, 29, 327–347.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author thanks the Department of Biodiversity at the University of Limpopo (UL) and KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board and for field and laboratory support, Ms A. Möller (UL) for assistance with SEM observations, Mr R Sandrock (UL) for help with photos and illustrations, Ms BP Jordaan (UL), Ms MC Lebepe (UL) and Mr T Mangena (UL) for assistance with field work and the Department of Research Development and Administration (UL) for financial support. I am also grateful to Dr G Benz for providing the specimens of T. ferox and T. versicolor from his collection and for assistance when I started this study and to Mr C Ruiz (Auburn University, USA) who spend time finding the information about these specimens in the personal notes of the late Dr G Benz. Additionally I wish to thank Mr D Vaughan (then an employee of the Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI)) for the collection of T. lewisi specimens. Furthermore, I have to acknowledge the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) for permission to participate in demersal surveys and Marine Dynamics (Kleinbaai), especially Mr W Chivell and Mr H Otto, who assisted with obtaining host specimens and provision of laboratory space. The National Research Foundation (NRF) is acknowledged for a research grant that enabled the collection of copepods from by-catches during DAFF surveys. Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the author and thus the NRF does not accept any liability in this regard. Lastly I want to thank the reviewers of the manuscript for valuable comments to improve the manuscript.

Funding

National Research Foundation (NRF) 61251 and University of Limpopo.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa

    Susan M. Dippenaar

Authors
  1. Susan M. Dippenaar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Susan M. Dippenaar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable institutional, national and international guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

Additional information

This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as 2CDC575E-04E8-4AFE-B319-D3B4DACB286D. This article was published as an Online First article on the online publication date shown on this page. The article should be cited by using the doi number. This is the Version of Record.

This article is part of the Topical Collection Arthropoda.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 917 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dippenaar, S.M. Description of four new species and a revision of the genus Tripaphylus Richiardi in Anonymous, 1878 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Sphyriidae). Syst Parasitol 95, 173–200 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-017-9767-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-017-9767-8

Search

Navigation