Summary
An account of species of the genera Aptosimum and Peliostomum occurring in Namibia is presented, together with an updated key for all accepted species of these genera. The sinking of Peliostomum in Aptosimum is discussed and rejected. A new species from Namibia, Aptosimum radiatum, is described. Species descriptions, global and Namibian distributions, conservation status, habitat and phenological information are presented for the 16 Aptosimum and three Peliostomum species recognised from Namibia. The type for Peliostomum is designated. Arguments are presented for the choice of one neotype for an accepted species, as well as 29 lectotypes: 15 for names of accepted species, 14 for synonyms.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
We list inspected sheets from herbaria (marked with “!”) and other herbaria that are known to hold a duplicate specimen.
|, ||, ! and # are used to denote different click sounds in the Khoesaan languages
References
Bentham, G. (1836). Aptosimum and A. depressum. In: J. Lindley, Aptosimum depressum. Depressed Aptosimum. Edwards's Bot. Reg. 22 or n.s. 9: sub t. 1882.
____ (1846). Scrophulariaceae. In: A. P. De Candolle, Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, Pars Decima. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris. [Aptosimum on pp. 344 – 346; Peliostomum on p. 346]
Bremekamp, C. E. B. (1933). New or otherwise noteworthy plants from the Northern Transvaal. Ann. Transvaal Mus. 15: 233 – 256.
Brummitt, R. K. (1978). Report of the committee for Spermatophyta, 21. Taxon 27: 543 – 546.
Codd, L. E. W. (1976). Nomina conservanda proposita. Taxon 25: 190 – 191.
____ (1982). Scrophulariaceae. Notes on the genus Aptosimum. Bothalia 14: 80 – 81.
Craven, P. (2009). Phytogeographic study of the Kaokoveld Centre of Endemism. PhD Thesis, University of Stellenbosch. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1325
Cuccuini, P. & Nepi, C. (2006). Scrophulariaceae. In: M. Thulin (ed.), Flora of Somalia. Vol. 3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Aptosimum pumilum on p. 269]
Dinter, M. K. (1932). Diagnosen neuer südwestafrikanischer Pflanzen. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 188 – 189.
Drège, J. F. (1843). Zwei pflanzengeographische Documente. Besondere Beigabe zur Flora 1843 Band II: 1 – 230. Königliche Botanische Gesellschaft, Regensburg. [With an introduction by […nebst einer Einleitung von…] E. Meyer, on pp. 3 – 43]
____ (1846). Vergleichungen der von Ecklon und Zeyher und von Drège gesammelten südafrikanischen Pflanzen. Linnaea 20: 198.
Du Pisani, E. (1983). Past and present plant utilization in Namaland and the lower Kuiseb River Valley, South West Africa (Namibia). A preliminary report. Khoisis Occasional Papers 4: 1 – 19.
Dyer, R. A. & Milne-Redhead, E. (1934). XXXII — Notes on the Flora of Southern Africa: the genus Ruellia in Thunberg's Herbarium. Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1934: 264 – 265.
Engler, H. G. A. (1889). Plantae Marlothianae. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora Südafrikas. II. Teil: Dikotyledonae sympetalae. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 242 – 285. [Aptosimum on p. 249 – 251, Peliostomum on p. 251]
____ (1895). Plantae Gürichianae. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flora von Deutschsüdwestafrika. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 128 – 152. [Aptosimum and Peliostomum on p. 149]
____ & Gilg, E. (1903). Scrophulariaceae. In: O. Warburg (ed.), Kunene-Sambesi-Expedition. H. Baum. 1903. Verlag des Kolonial-Wirtschaftlichen Komitees, Berlin. [Aptosimum on p. 361]
Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds) (2014). Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 1996+. http://botany.si.edu/ing/(accessed on 28 July 2014).
Ghazanfar, S. A. (2008). Scrophulariaceae. In: E. Figueiredo & G. F. Smith (eds), Plants of Angola/Plantas de Angola. Strelitzia, 22: 158 – 159.
Hedberg, I. & Staugård, F. (1989). Traditional medicinal plants. Traditional medicine in Botswana. Ipeleng Publishers, Gaberone.
Hemsley, W. B. & Skan, S. A. (1906). Scrophulariaceae. In: W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed.), Flora of Tropical Africa, Vol. 4, sect. 2. Hydrophyllaceae to Pedalineae. Lovell Reeve & Co., Ltd., London. [Aptosimum on pp. 267 – 275]
Hiern, W. P. (1876). Scrophulariaceae: Anticharis. In: G. Bentham & J. D. Hooker (eds), Genera Plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis Kewensibus servata definita. Vol. 2, Part 2. Lovell Reeve & Co., Williams & Norgate, London. [Anticharis on p. 928]
____ (1898). Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853 – 61, Vol. 1, Part 3. British Museum (Natural History), London. [Aptosimum on p. 755]
____ (1904). Scrophulariaceae. In: W. T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed.), Flora Capensis, Vol. IV, Sect. 2. Hydrophyllaceae to Pedalineae. Lovell Reeve & Co., Ltd., London. [Aptosimum and Peliostomum on pp. 125 – 136]
Hilliard, O. M. (1992). New names and combinations in Jamesbrittenia (Scrophulariaceae – Manuleae). Edinburgh J. Bot. 49: 225 – 233.
____ (1994). The Manuleae. A tribe of Scrophulariaceae. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. [Jamesbrittenia fruticosa on p. 158]
Hochstetter, C. H. F. (1841). Plantarum Nubicarum nova genera. Flora 24: 371 – 373.
IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3.1. Second edn.. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge.
IUCN (Standards and Petitions Subcommittee). (2013). Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 10. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Downloadable from http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf
Kuntze, O. (1898). Revisio Generum Plantarum. Leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum. Pars III. Commissionen Leipzig, London, Melbourne, Milano, New York, Paris. [Pars 3(3): 1 – 576 from 1898; Peliostomum linearifolium on p. 238]
Lehmann, J. G. C. (1835). Delectus seminum quae in horto hamburgensium botanico e collectioni anni 1835 mutuae commutation offerentur. Typis Joannis Augusti Meissneri, Hamburgi.
Liengme, C. A. (1981). Plants used by the Tsonga people of Gazankulu. Bothalia 13: 501 – 518.
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Buck, W. R., Demoulin, V., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Marhold, K., Prado, J., Prud’homme van Reine, W. F., Smith, G. F., Wiersema, J. H. & Turland, N. J. (2012). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress, Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein.
Mendelsohn, J., Jarvis, A., Roberts, C. & Robertson, T. (2010). Atlas of Namibia. A portrait of the land and its people. Ministry of Environment & Tourism and David Philip, Cape Town.
Merxmüller, H. & Roessler, H. (1967). 126. Scrophulariaceae. In: H. Merxmüller (ed.), Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika. J. Cramer, Lehre. [Anticharis on pp. 9 – 12, Aptosimum on pp. 12 – 20, Peliostomum on pp. 37 – 39]
Moore, S. (1899). Alabastra Diversa, Part IV. J. Bot. 37: 171 – 172.
Oxelman, B., Kornhall, P., Olmstead, R. G. & Bremer, B. (2005). Further disintegration of Scrophulariaceae. Taxon 54: 411 – 425.
Philcox, D. (1985). New names in Scrophulariaceae. Kew Bull. 40: 606.
____ (1990). Scrophulariaceae: Aptosimum. In: E. Launert & G. V. Pope (eds), Flora Zambesiaca Vol. 8, Part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [Aptosimum on pp. 3 – 7]
Phillips, E. P. (1950). Descriptions and changes of name. J. S. African Bot. 16: 15 – 22.
Pilger, R. (1913). Scrophulariaceae africanae. II (V). Neue Arten aus Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 434 – 442. [Aptosimum on pp. 434 – 435]
Rodin, R. J. (1985). The ethnobotany of the Kwanyama Ovambos. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 1 – 135.
Roessler, H. (1966). Bemerkungen zu einigen Scrophulariaceen Südwestafrikas. Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 6: 9 – 10.
SANBI (South African National Biodiversity Institute) (2014). SANBI Integrated Biodiversity Information System (SIBIS). Website http://sibis.sanbi.org/faces/Home.jsp?1=1. Accessed 1 August 2014.
Schinz, H. (1890). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Flora von Deutsch-Südwest-Afrika und der angrenzenden Gebiete. Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 31: 179 – 230. [Aptosimum on pp. 184 – 186, Anticharis on pp. 187 – 190]
Smithies, S. J. (2000). Scrophulariaceae. In: O. A. Leistner (ed.), Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. Strelitzia, 10: 508 – 537.
____ & Ready, J. (2003). Scrophulariaceae. In: G. Germishuizen & N. L. Meyer (eds), Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 863 – 891.
Steyn, H. P. (1981). Nharo plant utilization. An overview. Khoisis Occasional Papers 1: 1 – 31.
Sullivan, S. (1998). People, plants and practice in drylands: socio-political and ecological dimensions of resource-use by Damara farmers in north-west Namibia. University College London. Unpublished PhD thesis.
Thiers, B. [continuously updated]. Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden's Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
Thunberg, C. P. (1800). Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, quas, in Promontorio Bonæ Spei Africes, annis 1772 – 1775. Pars posterior. Joh. Fr. Edman, Uppsala. [Ruellia on p. 104]
____ (1823). Flora Capensis. Sistens Plantas Promontorii Bonae Spei Africes. J. G. Cottae, Stuttgart. [Ruellia on pp. 479 – 480]
Von Koenen, E. (2001). Medicinal, poisonous and edible plants in Namibia. Edition 4. Klaus Hess Publishers, Windhoek.
Watt, J. M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M. G. (1962). The medicinal and poisonous plants of southern and eastern Africa, 2nd ed. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh & London.
Weber, E. (1903). Scrophulariaceae. In: H. Schinz (ed.), Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Afrikanischen Flora. (Neue Folge.) XV. Bull. Herb. Boissier (sér. 2) 3: 894 – 905.
____ (1907). Die Gattungen Aptosimum Burch. und Peliostomum E. Mey. Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2, [vol.] 21: 1 – 98.
Weberbauer, A. (1901). Ueber die Frucht-Anatomie der Scrophulariaceen. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 10: 393 – 457.
Acknowledgements
The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is acknowledged for funding of fieldtrips. In Namibia, the Ministry of Environment and Tourism is thanked for the plant collecting permit and the National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry for use of their facilities. Patricia Craven is thanked for her contributions to fieldwork and for getting some of the herbarium specimen data onto a BRAHMS database, while Tyrone Tholkes is gratefully acknowledged for assistance during fieldwork. At Kew we are grateful to Juliet Beentje for her wonderful line drawing of the new species and to Dr Wolfgang Stuppy for his improvement of the images and maps. Jacek Wajer (BM), Fátima Sales Machado (COI) and Reto Nyffeler (Z) are thanked for identifying type specimens. HK thanks the curators of K, NBG, SAM and WIND for making their collections available for study. We thank the reviewers for useful suggestions and improvements.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kolberg, H., van Slageren, M. A synopsis of Aptosimum and Peliostomum (Scrophulariaceae) in Namibia, including the description of a new species, Aptosimum radiatum, and keys to all accepted species. Kew Bull 71, 16 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-016-9628-7
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-016-9628-7