Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mentzelia canyonensis (Loasaceae), a new species endemic to the Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A.

  • Published:
Brittonia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We describe Mentzelia canyonensis, a new species endemic to the Grand Canyon. Based on floral and fruit forms, shoot system architecture, and phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA, we infer that M. canyonensis belongs to the ‘subshrubby’ clade of Mentzelia section Bartonia, which includes the morphologically similar M. hualapaiensis, M. oreophila, M. puberula, and M. tiehmii. The new species is most similar to M. hualapaiensis, which is also known only from the Grand Canyon. These two species share leaf shape, subshrubby habits, corolla color, and fruit shape, although they differ in staminode presence and especially in leaf and corolla size. Principal component analyses of variation among floral and vegetative traits demonstrates that M. canyonensis and M. hualapaiensis share highly overlapping floral character space, but M. canyonensis occupies unique vegetative character space compared to similar species. A dichotomous key is provided to assist with identification of, and differentiation among, species of Mentzelia section Bartonia that occur in the Grand Canyon region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 4
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • Guindon, S. & O. Gascuel. 2003. A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Systematic Biology 52: 696–704.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, Ø., D. A. T. Harper & P. D. Ryan. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4: 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren, N. H. & P. K. Holmgren. 2002. New mentzelias (Loasaceae) from the Intermountain Region of western United States. Systematic Botany 27: 747–762.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posada, D. 2008. jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25: 1253–1256.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schenk, J. J. & L. Hufford. 2010. Taxonomic novelties from western North America in Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae). Madroño 57: 246–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ——— & ———. 2011. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae). Systematic Botany 36: 711–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———, W. Hodgson & L. Hufford. 2010. A new species of Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae) from the Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A. Brittonia 62: 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swofford, D. L. 2012. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), v4.0a125. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank the following herbaria for providing specimens for use in this study: ARIZ, ASC, BM, BRY, CAS, DES, FSU, GCNP, GH, JEPS, ID, ND, NMC, NMCR, NY, ORE, OSC, PH, POM, RENO, RM, RSA, TEX, UCLA, UCR, UNLV, UNM, US, UTC, WILLU, and WS. We thank Grand Canyon National Park and the Hualapai Nation/Cultural Resource Center, Peach Springs, for permission to collect specimens; Molly Gill for illustrating M. canyonensis; Xizhen Du for assistance in generating the distribution map; Melissa McMaster for providing collections; Grand Canyon National Park, especially Bil Vandergraf, Melissa McMaster, and Lori Makarick for assisting our collection efforts by facilitating transportation and lodging; and N. Holmgren and J. Tiehm for their insightful comments that greatly improved this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4295, USA

    John J. Schenk

  2. Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N. Galvin Parkway, Phoenix, AZ, 85008, USA

    Wendy Hodgson

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA

    Larry Hufford

Authors
  1. John J. Schenk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wendy Hodgson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Larry Hufford
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John J. Schenk.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

Voucher information and GenBank accession number for internal transcribed and external transcribed spacer regions (respectively) for species used in phylogenetic analyses. Mentzelia argillicola N. H. Holmgren & P. K. Holmgren, Hufford 4156 (WS), HM357360, HM440985; M. argillosa J. Darl., Hufford 4145 (WS), HM357361, HM440986; M. canyonensis J. J. Schenk, W. C. Hodgson, & L. Hufford, Rink 7292 (DES), HM357384, KC190191; M. canyonensis J. J. Schenk, W. C. Hodgson & L. Hufford, Hodgson 25998 (WS), KC190193, KC190192; M. flumensevera (N. H. Holmgren & P. K. Holmgren) J. J. Schenk & L. Hufford, Hufford 4147 (WS), HM357374, HM440997; M. goodrichii K. H. Thorne & S. L. Welsh, Hufford 4144 (WS), HM357375, HM440998; M. hualapaiensis J. J. Schenk, W. C. Hodgson & L. Hufford, Burgess 5995 (UA), HM357435, HM441051; M. leucophylla Brandegee, Reveal 2247 (UNLV), HM357391, HM441009; M. librina (K. H. Thorne & F. J. Sm.) J. J. Schenk & L. Hufford, Hufford 4258 (WS), HM357392, HM441010; M. oreophila J. Darl., Schenk 1006 (WS), HM357425, HM441041; M. oreophila J. Darl., R. Farris 13138 (WS), HM357426, HM441042; M. polita A. Nelson, Niles 6453 (WS), HM357429, HM441045; M. puberula J. Darl., Schenk 1224 (WS), HM357434, HM441050; M. shultziorum Prigge, Hufford 3683 (WS), HM357445, HM441060; M. tiehmii N. H. Holmgren & P. K. Holmgren, Hufford 4157 (WS), HM357450, HM441065; M. uintahensis (N. H. Holmgren & P. K. Holmgren) J. J. Schenk & L. Hufford, Holmgren et al. 2270 (NY), HM357453, HM441068.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schenk, J.J., Hodgson, W. & Hufford, L. Mentzelia canyonensis (Loasaceae), a new species endemic to the Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A.. Brittonia 65, 408–416 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-012-9294-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-012-9294-5

Key Words

Search

Navigation