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Ficus sect. Americanae ser. Kinuppii: a ramiflorous group of Neotropical fig trees

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Abstract

This study reviews the Ficus americana species complex, a group mostly distributed throughout South America. Following the taxonomic analysis of approximately 60 names related to the group, we specify the new Kinuppii series of 9 species, a ramiflorous group which is delimited by the presence of spurs in the branches, a unique characteristic of the new taxon of Neotropical Ficus. Ficus longifolia and F. schippii are included in the new series, but have not previously been cited as part of the F. americana species complex. Ficus clusiifolia, F. fresnoensis, F. guianensis, F. mathewsii, and F. subapiculata are treated as accepted species names and no longer considered varieties of F. americana. Completing the new series are F. albert-smithii and F. sphenophylla. Epitypes were designated for F. clusiifolia and F. longifolia and a neotype for F. herthae. In this study, F. leiophylla is considered a synonym of F. mathewsii as the leaf shape varies considerably within the taxon. Synonyms, analysis of protologues, types, descriptions, taxonomic key, examined materials, and maps complete the analysis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, E–26/202.277/2019, E–26/202.278/2019) for funding this research. The authors also thank the curators of the Smithsonian (US) herbarium for the loan of materials from Neotropical Ficus and the herbarium of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden (RB) for hosting this research.

Funding

The research was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, E–26/202.277/2019, E–26/202.278/2019). This research does not require open access.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Pesquisa do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, DIPEQ, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil

    Leandro C. Pederneiras, Henrique B. Zamengo & Vidal De F. Mansano

  2. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia

    Angelo Danilo Plata-Castro

  3. Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Herbário SP, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687 , São Paulo, SP, 04301-902, Brazil

    Sergio Romaniuc-Neto

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  1. Leandro C. Pederneiras
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  2. Henrique B. Zamengo
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  3. Angelo Danilo Plata-Castro
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  4. Sergio Romaniuc-Neto
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  5. Vidal De F. Mansano
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Contributions

LCP was responsible for designing the work, analyzing and writing the text; HBZ compiled the geographic data and revised the text; ADP-C, analyzed the locations and participated in the writing of the examined materials; SRN and VFM participated in the analysis and reviewed the data.

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Correspondence to Leandro C. Pederneiras.

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Pederneiras, L.C., Zamengo, H.B., Plata-Castro, A.D. et al. Ficus sect. Americanae ser. Kinuppii: a ramiflorous group of Neotropical fig trees. Brittonia 75, 249–268 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-023-09750-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12228-023-09750-2

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