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Four new species of Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862 (Microcionidae: Poecilosclerida: Porifera) from the intertidal zone with a key to Brazilian species

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Abstract

Intertidal sponges are poorly known in Brazil; recently, the knowledge about these sponges increased with studies in Northeastern Brazil. The genus Clathria is the most diverse Microcionidae with worldwide distribution predominantly in shallow waters. Nine subgenera are known; one of them, Clathria (Microciona), has 105 valid species. It encompasses microcionid with encrusting growth form, hymedesmioid skeletal architecture, and megascleres embedded and erect on basal layer. Currently, 14 species of Clathria are known from Brazil. In this study, four new species of Clathria (Microciona) are described from the intertidal environmental zone at Paraíba and Pernambuco State (Northeastern Brazil): Clathria (Microciona) danielae sp. nov., C. (M.) larae sp. nov., C. (M.) moraesi sp. nov., and C. (M.) nisiae sp. nov. The species C. (M.) campecheae is described for the first time from Northeastern Brazil. Taxonomic comparisons were made with data for Atlantic Ocean species, and an identification key to Brazilian species of Clathria (Microciona) is provided.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Dr. Janaina Melo, Diego Oliveira, and Josineide Correia for SEM facilities at CETENE (Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste) and Dr. José Roberto Botelho de Souza, Dr. Christina Peixoto, and Dr. Karina Saraiva for SEM facilities at Fiocruz Pernambuco (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz). We are also thankful to Dr. André Esteves, Dr. Leandro Vieira, Dr. Carlos Perez, Dr. Adriane Wandeness, Dr. Felipe Campos, Diego Aquino, M Sc Felipe Eloi, M Sc Ruda Lucena, Rodrigo Alves, M Sc Daniele Mariz, and Carlos Santos Neto for technical support.

Funding

This study was funded by CNPq (National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, Edital PROTAX: 562320/2010–5 and Universal 454908/2014–8 to U.P.) and FACEPE (Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco, APQ-0839-2.04/08 to U.P.). T.C. thanks FACEPE for providing doctoral scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Nelson Chaves, s/n Cidade Universitária CEP, Recife, PE, 50373-970, Brazil

    Thaynã Cavalcanti & Ulisses Pinheiro

  2. Universidade Federal do Cariri, Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, s/n, 63260-000, Brejo Santo, CE, Brazil

    George Garcia Santos

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  1. Thaynã Cavalcanti
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  2. George Garcia Santos
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  3. Ulisses Pinheiro
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Correspondence to Thaynã Cavalcanti.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

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All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable.

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Communicated by P. Martinez Arbizu

This article is registered in ZooBank under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EB004EC1-1613-4421-94B6-DFD210726E31

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Cavalcanti, T., Santos, G.G. & Pinheiro, U. Four new species of Clathria (Microciona) Bowerbank, 1862 (Microcionidae: Poecilosclerida: Porifera) from the intertidal zone with a key to Brazilian species. Mar Biodiv 49, 1403–1416 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0918-1

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