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Four times more species of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) in Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles)

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Abstract

The marine biodiversity of the tropical northwestern Atlantic (TNWA) has been explored by many great naturalist expeditions. After more than one century of marine exploration, how well do we know its biodiversity? As a poorly studied taxon, sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810) are excellent candidates to address this issue. Here, we report the results from the Madibenthos Survey conducted by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) on the coasts of Martinique during Fall 2016, where sea spiders were collected during 138 sampling events by different methods. A total of 67 pycnogonid species, including 13 species probably new to science, were distinguished during this survey, whereas only 20 species were previously known from Martinique. Relying on an extensive and intensive sampling, the collection of pycnogonids from the Madibenthos Survey is one of the richest for TNWA. DNA barcoding based on 172 new CO1 sequences helped to discriminate species with inconspicuous diagnostic characters and pointed out 11 additional possible cryptic species. Richness estimators and species rarity indicate that the diversity of Martinique still remains underestimated. Results suggest that Martinique is not a hot spot for sea spiders and that similar levels of biodiversity might be expected in most other islands of the TNWA if similar sampling methods were applied. Finally, we show that the Caribbean and Atlantic coasts of Martinique harbor different sea spider faunas.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the crew of the Madibenthos Survey for collecting the material and preserving the specimens, with special thanks to Paula Martin-Lefèvre (MNHN) and Guillaume Dirberg (MNHN) who significantly enriched the samples. The Madibenthos Survey was spearheaded by the French Marine Protected Areas Agency (now part of the French Agency for Biodiversity), the Regional Directorate for the Environment (DEAL), and the Martinique Water Bureau (ODE), with support from the Directorate of the Sea (DM) and the Martinique Natural Regional Park (PNRM). It was implemented by the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN, Principal Investigator Philippe Bouchet), with funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique (CTM). We are grateful to Enrique Macpherson, Ferran Palero, Bert W. Hoeksema, and the three anonymous reviewers and an editor for their useful comments on the first version of the manuscript.

Funding

The study received funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Territorial Collectivity of Martinique (CTM), under the umbrella of the Madibenthos expedition.

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  1. Institut de Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB, UMR 7205), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 51, 75005, Paris, France

    Romain Sabroux, Alexandre Hassanin & Laure Corbari

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  1. Romain Sabroux
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Correspondence to Laure Corbari.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained for the Madibenthos Survey and the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the Acknowledgements.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the GenBank repository (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank).

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Sabroux, R., Hassanin, A. & Corbari, L. Four times more species of sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) in Martinique Island (Lesser Antilles). Mar Biodiv 49, 1519–1535 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00957-9

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