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Hidden burrow associates: macrosymbiotic assemblages of subtidal deep-burrowing invertebrates in the northern part of the Sea of Japan

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Abstract

The activity of deep-burrowing macrofauna strongly influences all biogeochemical processes in sublittoral soft sediments. Despite this key role, these organisms are difficult to sample and, thus, often remain ignored in environmental studies. This study is the first in comprehensively exploring the diversity of the macrosymbiotic communities associated with the dominant subtidal deep-burrowing invertebrates from the southern part of the Russian coast of the Sea of Japan, represented by the species of the genera Upogebia Leach, 1814 (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda) and Urechis Seitz, 1907 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Echiura). The associated symbiotic communities mostly consist of obligate, host-specific species, while those species found in burrows of both hosts are probably using them just as refuges. Most symbionts occurred solitary or in heterosexual pairs, likely due to aggressive and strictly territorial behavior. This is certainly a hidden biodiversity, as more than half of the species reported here were not previously known from these “relatively simple and well-studied” boreal marine ecosystems. Our findings also allowed us to describe a new species belonging to the symbiotic genus Hesperonoe Chamberlin, 1919 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Polynoidae), based on morphological and molecular evidences, the latter being here presented for this genus for the first time.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to the staff of the biological scientific station “Vostok” of NSCMB FEB RAS (Vladivostok, Russia) and personally Konstantin Dudka and Dr. Anastasia Mayorova for the help during the field sampling. The authors are very thankful to anonymous reviewers, who greatly improved the manuscript.

Funding

The study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Researches (RFFR) through the grant 18-04-01093_А “Large burrowing crustaceans (Callianassidae and Upogebiidae) and their symbionts: diversity and trophic interaction” given to I. Marin.

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  1. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS, Moscow, Russia

    Ivan Marin & Tatiana Antokhina

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  1. Ivan Marin
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Correspondence to Ivan Marin.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article; analyzed genetic sequences are available in GenBank (NCBI) database.

Author contribution

IM conceived and designed research. IM and AT conducted sampling in the Sea of Japan, identified animals, and analyzed data. Both authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Marin, I., Antokhina, T. Hidden burrow associates: macrosymbiotic assemblages of subtidal deep-burrowing invertebrates in the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Mar. Biodivers. 50, 50 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01065-9

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