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On some Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Bahia, northeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species

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Abstract

Here, we present the taxonomy of five little-known cheilostome smittinid species of Bahia State, northeast Brazil, assigned to Hemismittoidea Soule & Soule, 1973, Smittina Norman, 1903, and Smittoidea Osburn, 1952. Specimens of four species previously reported in the studied area were reassessed: Hemismittoidea asymmetrica Ramalho et al., 2018, Smittina affinis (Hincks, 1862), Smittoidea evelinae (Marcus, 1937), and Smittoidea reticulata (MacGillivray, 1842). Hemismittoidea asymmetrica here is considered a junior synonym of Hemismittoidea corallinea Soule & Soule, 1973. The last three species here are assigned to Smittina smittiella Osburn, 1947, Smittoidea numma (Marcus, 1949) comb. nov., and Smittoidea complexa sp. nov., respectively. An additional species, Smittoidea pacifica Soule & Soule, 1973, is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Diagnostic characters of Smittinidae genera and species are discussed, and new combinations are proposed. Most of the taxa reported here were collected from natural substrata, mainly from coral reefs and rhodoliths, and also from artificial structures such as experimental plates, which can provide evidence regarding the passive dispersal ability of these animals (e.g., as hull fouling) and their potential for bioinvasion along the Brazilian coast.

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Acknowledgments

This study is part of A.C.S. Almeida’s PhD thesis through the Graduate Program in Animal Biology (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal) of the Departamento de Zoologia, UFPE. We are grateful to Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz (FIOCRUZ/BA) for SEM images and Orane Alves (Laboratório de Geoecologia dos Sedimentos Marinhos, GEOECO/UFBA) for logistical support. We also thank Dennis Gordon (National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand) and Mary Spencer Jones (Natural History Museum, London, UK) who provided great help with comparative specimens and taxonomic discussions. This study was supported in part by the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica, Ações Afirmativas, Universidade Federal da Bahia (PIBIC-AF-UFBA) and Programa Refauna (MCTIC/SIBBr/CTFB). This publication is a contribution of NP-BioMar, USP. Thanks to the anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions to improve the text.

Funding

This study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (PROTAX-CNPq 440620/2015-5; PDJ-CNPq 152608/2018-4; PQ-CNPq 308768/2018-3), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 13/50228-8) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brasil (CAPES)–Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museu de História Natural, Setor da Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170–115, Brazil

    Jamile Farias, Facelucia B.C. Souza & Ana C.S. Almeida

  2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução – PPGBioEvo, Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170–115, Brazil

    Jamile Farias, Facelucia B.C. Souza & Ana C.S. Almeida

  3. Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa – LAEBry, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670–810, Brazil

    Leandro M. Vieira & Ana C.S. Almeida

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  1. Jamile Farias
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Contributions

ACSA, FBCZ, and LMV designed the research. ACSA, FBCZ, JF, and LMV analyzed data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ana C.S. Almeida.

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No animal testing was performed during this study.

Sampling and field studies

All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements, if applicable. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.

Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. All specimens analyzed are deposited in the Bryozoan Collections at the Museu de História Natural, Setor da Zoologia of Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (UFBA), Departamento de Zoologia of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Museu de Zoologia of Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP), Natural History Museum, London, UK (NHMUK) and National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand (NIWA).

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Communicated by B. W. Hoeksema

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Farias, J., Souza, F.B., Vieira, L.M. et al. On some Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Bahia, northeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Mar. Biodivers. 50, 72 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01088-2

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