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A review of Southern Ocean squids using nets and beaks

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Abstract

This review presents an innovative approach to investigate the teuthofauna from the Southern Ocean by combining two complementary data sets, the literature on cephalopod taxonomy and biogeography, together with predator dietary investigations. Sixty squids were recorded south of the Subtropical Front, including one circumpolar Antarctic (Psychroteuthis glacialis Thiele, 1920), 13 circumpolar Southern Ocean, 20 circumpolar subantarctic, eight regional subantarctic, and 12 occasional subantarctic species. A critical evaluation removed five species from the list, and one species has an unknown taxonomic status. The 42 Southern Ocean squids belong to three large taxonomic units, bathyteuthoids (n = 1 species), myopsids (n = 1), and oegopsids (n = 40). A high level of endemism (21 species, 50%, all oegopsids) characterizes the Southern Ocean teuthofauna. Seventeen families of oegopsids are represented, with three dominating families, onychoteuthids (seven species, five endemics), ommastrephids (six species, three endemics), and cranchiids (five species, three endemics). Recent improvements in beak identification and taxonomy allowed making new correspondence between beak and species names, such as Galiteuthis suhmi (Hoyle 1886), Liguriella podophtalma Issel, 1908, and the recently described Taonius notalia Evans, in prep. Gonatus phoebetriae beaks were synonymized with those of Gonatopsis octopedatus Sasaki, 1920, thus increasing significantly the number of records and detailing the circumpolar distribution of this rarely caught Southern Ocean squid. The review extends considerably the number of species, including endemics, recorded from the Southern Ocean, but it also highlights that the corresponding species to two well-described beaks (Moroteuthopsis sp. B and Psychroteuthis sp. B) are still unknown.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks MJ Imber, NTW Klages, V Ridoux, and PGK Rodhouse who helped him in the 90s in the notoriously difficult task of identifying cephalopod beaks, and AI Arkhipkin, KSR Bolstad, HE Braid, MA Collins, AB Evans, MP Lipinski, KN Nesis, MA Roeleveld, DW Stevens, and NA Voss who subsequently helped him either by identifying squids and/or providing beaks sorted from well-identified museum specimens. He also warmfully thanks D Stevens and others for the many photos they kindly provided, and the many fieldworkers who helped in collecting stomach contents at Crozet and Kerguelen Islands. He acknowledges G Duhamel, N Gasco, and the fishery team from the MNHN (Paris) for providing data, fishery observers from the TAAF for collecting samples at sea, and the crews and ship-owners of longliners and trawlers operating within the French EEZ around Kerguelen and Crozet Islands. The present work was supported financially and logistically by the Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor (Program N°109, C Barbraud) and the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (TAAF).

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The present work was supported financially and logistically by the Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor (Program N°109, C Barbraud).

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  1. Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France

    Yves Cherel

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Cherel, Y. A review of Southern Ocean squids using nets and beaks. Mar. Biodivers. 50, 98 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01113-4

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